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818 results on '"Thomas, M. G."'

1. Generalised Known Kinematics (GKK): an approach for kinematic observables in pair production events with decays involving invisible particles

Author

Thomas M. G. Kraetzschmar, Fabian M. Krinner, Marvin Pfaff, Navid K. Rad, Armine Rostomyan, Lorenz Schlechter, and Frank Simon

Subjects
e +-e − Experiments, Tau Physics, Event-by-Event fluctuation, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Missing kinematic information of known invisible particles, such as neutrinos, limit several high-energy physics analysis. The undetected particle carries away momentum and energy information, preventing the total reconstruction of such an event. This paper presents a new method to handle this missing information, referred to as the Generalised Known Kinematics (GKK) approach. Its event-by-event probability density distributions that describe the physically allowed kinematics of an event. For GKK, we consider the available kinematic information and constraints given by the assumed final state. Summing these event-wise distributions over large data sets allows the determination of parameters that influence the event kinematics. Examples are particle masses obscured by the missing information on the invisible final-state particles. The method is demonstrated in simulation studies with τ + τ − events in e + e − collisions at the Υ (4S) resonance, presenting a new, promising approach for measuring the τ lepton mass.

Published
2023
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3. The dynamics of human cooperative groups

Author

Thomas, M. G. and Mace, R.

Subjects
301
Abstract

Humans live in cooperative groups of varying scales and composition, from families to nations and international communities. Segregating into groups can provide benefits by alleviating individual costs. However, individuals also face a dilemma between following their own interests and those of the group, which can lead to a breakdown in cooperation. The evolutionary benefits and costs of cooperation are well-understood theoretically, but the real-world dynamics of cooperative behaviour remain unclear. This thesis investigates cooperation in two populations, employing field experiments and social network methods grounded in a human behavioural ecology framework. Part I centres on Saami reindeer pastoralists, an indigenous minority who live and work in cooperative herding groups around northern Norway. I collected survey and experimental data, using gift games to test whether herders acted cooperatively towards genetic relatives or to their herding group, or both. I also played public goods games to understand how herders respond to and solve social dilemmas. Cooperative behaviours were biased towards the herding group, although kinship also had a positive effect on gift-giving. Smaller groups were more cooperative, although this pattern was not driven by relatedness. Part II analyses demographic and experimental data collected by others from a population of Mosuo farmers living in rural southwest China. The Mosuo are a minority whose social system traditionally revolved around matrilineal households but which is changing in response to increased tourism. The results show how affinal relationships encourage a real-word measure of cooperation: labouring on farms. Some Mosuo people were considered witches. I test whether witchcraft accusations act as a form of costless punishment, allowing people to withhold help from witches. Witches were somewhat isolated within their villages but clustered together and did not suffer significantly lowered reproductive success. These results underline the importance of studying cooperation in real-world groups in addition to laboratories.

Published
2015

14. Synthesis and summary of patient-reported outcome measures to inform the development of a core outcome set in colorectal cancer surgery

Author

McNair, A. G. K., Whistance, R. N., Forsythe, R. O., Rees, J., Jones, J. E., Pullyblank, A. M., Avery, K. N. L., Brookes, S. T., Thomas, M. G., Sylvester, P. A., Russell, A., Oliver, A., Morton, D., Kennedy, R., Jayne, D. G., Huxtable, R., Hackett, R., Dutton, S. J., Coleman, M. G., Card, M., Brown, J., and Blazeby, J. M.

Published
2015
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17. Demographic trends in the incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer: A population-based study

Author

Chambers, A. C., Dixon, S. W., White, Paul, Williams, A. C., Thomas, M. G., and Messenger, D. E.

Subjects
Health & Wellbeing, Mathematics and Statistics Research Group
Abstract

Background: Evidence is emerging that the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing in young adults, but the descriptive epidemiology required to better understand these trends is currently lacking. Methods: A population-based cohort study was carried out including all adults aged 20–49 years diagnosed with colorectal cancer in England between 1974 and 2015. Data were extracted from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service database using ICD-9/10 codes for colorectal cancer. Temporal trends in age-specific incidence rates according to sex, anatomical subsite, index of multiple deprivation quintile and geographical region were analysed using Joinpoint regression.Results: A total of 56 134 new diagnoses of colorectal cancer were analysed. The most sustained increase in incidence rate was in the group aged 20–29 years, which was mainly driven by a rise in distal tumours. The magnitude of incident rate increases was similar in both sexes and across Index of Multiple Deprivation quintiles, although the most pronounced increases in incidence occurred in the southern regions of England.Conclusion: Colorectal cancer should no longer be considered a disease of older people. Changes in incidence rates should be used to inform future screening policy, preventative strategies and research agendas, as well as increasing public understanding that younger people need to be aware of the symptoms of colorectal cancer.

Published
2020

18. Demographic trends in the incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer in England:a population-based study, 1974-2015

Author

Chambers, A. C., Dixon, S. W., White, P., Williams, A. C., Thomas, M. G., and Messenger, D. E.

Abstract

BackgroundEvidence is emerging that colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is increasing in young adults, but the descriptive epidemiology required to better understand these trends is currently lacking.MethodA population-based cohort study was carried out of all adults aged 20-49 years diagnosed with CRC in England between 1974 and 2015. Data were extracted from the NCRAS database using ICD9/10 codes for CRC. Temporal trends in age-specific incidence rates (IRs) according to gender, anatomical subsite, index of multiple deprivation (IMD) quintile and geographical region were analysed using Joinpoint regression.ResultsA total of 56 134 new diagnoses of CRC were analysed. The most sustained increase in IR was in the 20-29 age group which is mainly driven by a rise in distal tumours. The magnitude of IR increases was similar in both genders and across Index of Multiple Deprivation quintiles, although the most pronounced increases in incidence were in the southern regions of England. ConclusionCRC should no longer be considered a disease of older people: changes in incidence rates should be used to inform future screening policy, preventative strategies and research agendas, as well as increasing public understanding that younger people need to be aware of the symptoms of CRC.

Published
2020

20. The phylogenetic position of the 'giant deer' Megaloceros giganteus

Author

Lister, A. M., Edwards, C. J., Nock, D. A. W., Bunce, M., van Pijlen, I. A., Bradley, D. G., Thomas, M. G., and Barnes, I.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): A. M. Lister [1]; C. J. Edwards [2]; D. A. W. Nock [1, 5]; M. Bunce [3, 5]; I. A. van Pijlen [1, 4]; D. G. Bradley [2]; M. [...]

Published
2005
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21. A systematic review of outcome reporting in colorectal cancer surgery

Author

Whistance, R. N., Forsythe, R. O., McNair, A. G. K., Brookes, S. T., Avery, K. N. L., Pullyblank, A. M., Sylvester, P. A., Jayne, D. G., Jones, J. E., Brown, J., Coleman, M. G., Dutton, S. J., Hackett, R., Huxtable, R., Kennedy, R. H., Morton, D., Oliver, A., Russell, A., Thomas, M. G., and Blazeby, J. M.

Published
2013
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38. Recombinant LCAT (Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase) Rescues Defective HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)-Mediated Endothelial Protection in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Author

Ossoli, A, Simonelli, S, Varrenti, M, Morici, N, Oliva, F, Stucchi, M, Gomaraschi, M, Strazzella, A, Arnaboldi, L, Thomas, M, Sorci-Thomas, M, Corsini, A, Veglia, F, Franceschini, G, Karathanasis, S, Calabresi, L, Ossoli A., Simonelli S., Varrenti M., Morici N., Oliva F., Stucchi M., Gomaraschi M., Strazzella A., Arnaboldi L., Thomas M. J., Sorci-Thomas M. G., Corsini A., Veglia F., Franceschini G., Karathanasis S. K., Calabresi L., Ossoli, A, Simonelli, S, Varrenti, M, Morici, N, Oliva, F, Stucchi, M, Gomaraschi, M, Strazzella, A, Arnaboldi, L, Thomas, M, Sorci-Thomas, M, Corsini, A, Veglia, F, Franceschini, G, Karathanasis, S, Calabresi, L, Ossoli A., Simonelli S., Varrenti M., Morici N., Oliva F., Stucchi M., Gomaraschi M., Strazzella A., Arnaboldi L., Thomas M. J., Sorci-Thomas M. G., Corsini A., Veglia F., Franceschini G., Karathanasis S. K., and Calabresi L.

Abstract

Objective- Aim of this study was to evaluate changes in LCAT (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase) concentration and activity in patients with an acute coronary syndrome, to investigate if these changes are related to the compromised capacity of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) to promote endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production, and to assess if rhLCAT (recombinant human LCAT) can rescue the defective vasoprotective HDL function. Approach and Results- Thirty ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients were enrolled, and plasma was collected at hospital admission, 48 and 72 hours thereafter, at hospital discharge, and at 30-day follow-up. Plasma LCAT concentration and activity were measured and related to the capacity of HDL to promote NO production in cultured endothelial cells. In vitro studies were performed in which STEMI patients' plasma was added with rhLCAT and HDL vasoprotective activity assessed by measuring NO production in endothelial cells. The plasma concentration of the LCAT enzyme significantly decreases during STEMI with a parallel significant reduction in LCAT activity. HDL isolated from STEMI patients progressively lose the capacity to promote NO production by endothelial cells, and the reduction is related to decreased LCAT concentration. In vitro incubation of STEMI patients' plasma with rhLCAT restores HDL ability to promote endothelial NO production, possibly related to significant modification in HDL phospholipid classes. Conclusions- Impairment of cholesterol esterification may be a major factor in the HDL dysfunction observed during acute coronary syndrome. rhLCAT is able to restore HDL-mediated NO production in vitro, suggesting LCAT as potential therapeutic target for restoring HDL functionality in acute coronary syndrome.

Published
2019

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