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Modern-day land claim agreements and protected area agreements create an opportunity to help reconcile the interests and worldviews of aboriginal and non-aboriginal Canadians. Among protected area agreements, three in northern Canada contribute particularly to this objective. In the Saoyu-Ɂehdacho Agreement (2008), the Tuktut Nogait Agreement (1998) and the Gwaii Haanas Agreement (1993), various aboriginal authorities and the government of Canada have agreed to use the aboriginal concept and practice of consensus decision-making in their cooperative management of the vast tracts of land protected pursuant to these agreements. This paper discusses these agreements through the lenses of reconciliation, consensus decision-making and cooperative management. More specifically, it discusses the reconciliation objective underlying the recognition, in Canada’s Constitution Act, 1982, of aboriginal and treaty rights; the nature and main elements of consensus decision-making; the alternative meanings of the terms “co-operative management” and “co-management”; internal conflicts at the heart of both concepts and a way out of the conflict; cooperative management as consensus decision-making within existing legal and land claims authorities; the specifics of the Saoyu-Ɂehdacho Agreement and related legal issues; the innovation at the heart of all three agreements; and the essential elements of consensus-based cooperative management agreements and the practice of cooperative management. Using the model set out in these agreements, we can negotiate protected area and cooperative management agreements that reconcile the objectives and terms of modern day land claim agreements and legislation with the older aboriginal tradition of consensus decision making.

To analyze the impact of the 1995 revision of the Dutch cervical screening program guidelines (e.g., the introduction of more stringent criteria for cytologic diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS]) on the negative side effects of screening in Region West.The data for this study were retrieved as two complementary datasets, both of which contained data on the invited screenees, including their cytology and histology follow-up. One dataset additionally included data on other smears. For invited screenees, we analyzed changes in cytoscores and histoscores between 1994, the last year before new screening guidelines were implemented, and 2003, the latest year for which follow-up to screening abnormalities was available in the retrieved data. Additionally, we analyzed changes in the total number of primary and repeat smears made.Between 1994 and 2003, the cytoscore for ASCUS decreased from 19.4% to 1.3% of screenee smears. The total number of smears taken decreased by 30%. The cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3+ histoscore remained the same (OR = 0.97, p = 0.91).The reduction of equivocal ASCUS diagnoses resulted in a decrease of costly repeat smears, without measurably decreasing the effectiveness of the screening program.

The neural network scanning (NNS) system, formerly known as Papnet, is capable of selecting fungi in cervical smears. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the optimized quality of histologic images created using a combination of coagulant fixation and microwave histoprocessing allows the application of this computer-assisted microscopy in the diagnostic process.In a prospective study, 117 abnormal nails clinically suspect for fungal disease werefixed in a coagulant fixative, BoonFix, processed in a microwave histoprocessor to obtain optimal paraffin sections and stained with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) method. The stained paraffin sections were randomly numbered and screened by two independent pathologists for diagnosis of fungal hyphae and spores. The same sections were subsequently scanned by a neural network, and a maximum of 128 digital images produced by the system were screened and diagnosed by pathologists. Using light microscopy as the gold standard for diagnosis of fungi, the usefulness of NNS was then assessed.The fungi and spores were clearly demonstrated in the paraffin sections, and the NNS system detected and recorded them efficiently. The hyphae and spores could be identified in these pixilated images with relative ease. Of the 117 examined cases, 50 were positive and 47 negative by both methods. In the 20 remaining cases, NNS did not present images of fungi that were present in the histologic sections. In practice, this implies that only 67 out of 117 cases (57%) must be screened by light microscopy. NNS recorded not only fungi and spores in the 128 digital images but also artifacts, such as round, deeply PAS-positive granules of talcum powder, which by light microscopy might be mistaken for fungal spores.NNS proves applicable for the selection of spores and fungi if the histologic sections are of sufficiently high quality. As a result, the number of slides to be screened by light microscopy can be reduced substantially. In a throughput diagnostic laboratory handling a large number of such cases this technology can be highly valuable.

Broiler diets were formulated for 93 corn batches, each divided in half and one supplemented with xylanase, amylase and protease enzymes (Avizyme™ 1502, Danisco Animal Nutrition). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) ranged between 1.43 and 2.67. Average = 1.81, s.d. = 0.30. Weight ranged between 680 and 1301 g. Average = 909, s.d. = 114. Enzyme addition improved FCR to 1.73 and reduced variance by 30% (P < 0.01). Corn and digesta samples were analysed for starch, protein, oil, and gross energy content, and ileal digestible energy (IDE) averaged 2831 kcal/kg (s.d. 486 kcal/kg). Digestibility of starch, protein, oil and other fractions (fiber, etc.) were found to be 86%, 82%, 90% and 12%, respectively. With enzyme addition, IDE was raised by an average of 5% to 2975 kcal/kg, and digestibility coefficients were raised to 91%, 83%, 91%, and 14% for starch (+5%), protein (+1%), oil (+1%) and other sources (+2%), respectively., Obroci za brojlere sastavljeni su za 93 porcije kukuruza od kojih je svaka raspolovljena a jednoj su dodani enzimi, ksilanaze, amilaze i proteaze (Avizyme™ 1502, Danisco Nutrition). Omjer konverzije hrane (FCR) kretao se između 1.33 i 2.67. Prosjek = 1.81, s.d. = 0.30. Težina se kretala između 680 i 1301 g. Prosjek = 909, s.d. = 114. Dodatak enzima poboljšao je FCR na 1.73 i smanjio varijancu za 30% (P< 0.01). Uzorci kukuruza i digeste analizirani su za škrob, bjelan¬čevinu, ulje i sadržaj bruto energije a ilealna probavljiva energija (IDE) prosječno je iznosila 2831 kcal/kg (s.d. 486 kcal/kg). Probav¬ljivost škroba, bjelančevine, ulja i drugih frakcija (vlaknina, itd.) iznosila je 86%, 82%, 90% odnosno 12%. S dodatkom enzima IDE je porastao za prosječno 5% do 2975 kcal/kg a koeficijenti probavljivosti porasli su na 91%, 83%, 91% i 14% za škrob (+5%), bjelančevinu (+ 1%), ulje (+ 1%) i druge izvore (+ 2%).

著者人数: 13名, Note: submitted to Nature on 23 Dec. 1987., 資料番号: SA8000514000

著者人数：17名, Accepted: 1989-02-23, 資料番号: SA1001404000