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This yearly summary reviews the main climate extremes described by the WMO state of the climate preliminary report for 2019 that had an impact on agricultural production according to JRC’s agricultural early warning system ASAP (Anomaly hotspots of Agricultural Production). Such a summary can be used as a starting point for more detailed analysis of agricultural production problems and their impact on food security as it is done for example by the multi-agency Global Report on Food Crises and the Food Security and Nutrition State in the World. The year 2019 was warmer than 2018 (second warmest on record) and saw major heat waves in several parts of the world. Droughts affected crop and rangeland productivity mainly in Europe, Southern and Eastern Africa, South East Asia and in Australia. Tropical storms and cyclones caused fatalities and major damage to infrastructure and agriculture in the Bahamas and along East Africas coast. High intensity rainfall lead to floods in all continents. The final part of the report includes an oveview of climate extremes affecting crop seasons ongoing in early 2020 as well as a short summary of seasonal forecasts until April 2020., JRC.D.5-Food Security

This report is meant to document the use of the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) to inform the food security situation in countries of interest for DEVCO. The review of conceptual framework indicates that the GFSIhas to be interpreted as a food security environment rating. It focuses on the food security determinants rather than on the food security outcomes. It includes some of the usual food security determinants such as food supply, food share in total expenditure, poverty or nutritional policies and enlarge to less direct determinants like access to financial services, corruption, political stability. It thus only partially overlap with existing food security indicators. The statistical assessement of the index finds that GFSI exhibits good statistical properties. The index is statistically coherent and robust to changes in the weight and aggregation methods. The data coverage is good and the effect of outliers on the final score is not important. The conclusion recommends to use the GFSI in conjunction with other indicator of food insecurity namely those measuring the outcomes of food security in terms of food consumption and the nutritional status of the population to have a good assessment of the actual food security and nutrition situation in food insecure countries., JRC.D.5-Food Security

This report provides a global overview of food insecurity due to different crises and natural disasters to support programming of the Pro-resilience Actions (PRO-ACT) funding mechanism, a component of the Global Public Goods and Challenges (GPGC) thematic programme of the European Union. The analysis covers the period January 2015-January 2016 that has been marked by food crises in several countries because of extreme weather events due the El Niño phenomenon but also because of conflicts and political crises. In a number of countries, in particular in West Africa, food insecurity remains a major concern because of chronic vulnerability despite good crop production in 2015., JRC.H.4-Monitoring Agricultural Resources

Improving the quality of women's diet is the best way to stop the inter-generational cycle of malnutrition. The Minimum Dietary Diversity Women is a global indicator recently endorsed to monitor nutrition sensitive actions and programs aimed at improving the diet of women of reproductive age. This report explores the potential use of the indicator for programmatic action, and gauges how the indicator relates to other dimensions, and how sensitive it is to changes, in urban and rural Burkina Faso., JRC.H.4-Monitoring Agricultural Resources

L’importance de la pauvreté rurale à Madagascar pourrait se résumer en deux chiffres : huit personnes sur dix vivent en milieu rural et près des trois quarts de cette population vit sous le seuil de pauvreté (Instat, 2006). C’est donc une pauvreté massive, dont la réduction justifie des politiques publiques prioritaires. Pour autant, les manifestations et les déterminants de cette pauvreté ne sont pas uniformes. La Grande Île, par ses reliefs et ses climats, présente en effet des situations a...

Contrairement aux années antérieures, le Comité Inter-Etats pour la Lutte contre la Sécheresse au Sahel (CILSS) n’a pas produit des cartes de vulnérabilité à l’insécurité alimentaire au niveau des pays ni la carte consolidée au niveau régional dans son cycle d’analyse de Novembre 2012. L’élément majeur de ce manquement étant lié au fait que les analystes nationaux/facilitateurs n’ont pas pu finaliser le travail d’analyse suite à l’appropriation partielle du nouvel outil de Cadre Harmonisé, version 2 (CH-2). Les analyses du mois de Novembre 2012 ont servi d’exercice-pilote pour le CH-2 et la capitalisation des leçons apprises servira à améliorer les analyses pays et régionale du cycle du mois de Mars 2013. Cependant, certaines décisions sur d’éventuelles interventions en 2013 doivent être prises avant le deuxième cycle d’analyse. Ce rapport tente de combler ce vide du moins pour le cas du Niger., JRC.H.4-Monitoring Agricultural Resources

Despite good macroeconomic performance in the last decades (1997-2009), rural poverty remains very high in rural Madagascar. Two thirds of the rural population lives below the poverty line. Concerned with this situation, the Malagasy government has put rural poverty reduction as an important policy objective since the 2000s. However, the lack of an accurate diagnosis poverty determinants, namely on the underlying dynamics at work has led to very general policies. This policy are likely to miss their objectives since they are not enough specific of the rural Malagasy areas situation. Efficient poverty reduction policies need accurate evaluations of the causes of poverty persistence. This thesis proposes to fill, at least partially, the gap by providing in depth analysis of Malagasy rural poverty dynamics. The first chapter presents the recent Malagasy context and highlights the need for a deeper analysis of the cause of Malagasy rural poverty. The second chapter exploits dynamics methods to identify households that are more likely associated to a chronic or a transient form of poverty. This chapter also tests if poverty is likely to create a vicious circle and to lead to poverty traps. The second and third chapters focus on the role of risk in rural poverty persistence. The second chapter shows that climatic shocks have long-term impacts on households’ growth prospects while the third chapter show risk have important consequences on households’ income and consumption behaviours. Neglecting the role of risk on households’ behaviours is likely to decrease the impacts of others incentives, namely productivity-enhancing incentives provided by current Malagasy rural development policies. Our analysis thus provides rationales for decision makers to allocate more resources to risk- management tools in poverty reduction policies. (AGRO 3) -- UCL, 2011

L’engagement pris par 147 chefs d’État d’accorder un « soutien indéfectible » à la réalisation des Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD) a eu un impact fort sur la structuration de l’aide, sur la définition des politiques promues et sur leur mise en œuvre par les gouvernements des pays du Sud depuis dix ans. Mais quel en a été l’impact sur le développement des pays concernés et quelle distance reste-t-il à parcourir pour que les OMD soient atteints à l’échéance de 2015 ? Cet ouvrage propose un bilan à mi-parcours de l’état de réalisation des cinq premiers objectifs pour Madagascar. Outre un diagnostic chiffré des évolutions récentes observées en matière de pauvreté, de scolarisation, de santé ou encore d’égalité des sexes, il présence les résultats de recherches originales sur des thématiques aussi diverses que la demande d’éducation, les discriminations, la fécondité, l’occupation spatiale du territoire… Au travers d’analyses minutieuses d’économistes, de démographes, d’agronomes et de géographes, les facteurs de blocage susceptibles de freiner la marche de Madagascar vers la réalisation des OMD sont mis en lumière. Il est aujourd’hui certain que les OMD ne pourront pas être atteints en 2012, en partie du fait de la crise politique qui sévit à Madagascar depuis le début de l’année 2009. Mais en adoptant une perspective de long terme, ce livre apporte des éléments concerts, utiles pour la mise en place de politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté et la conduite d’actions de développement, dont il faudra tenir compte une fois la crise résolue.