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8. Effects of age, adipose percent, and reproduction on PCB concentrations and profiles in an extreme fasting North Pacific marine mammal.

Author

Peterson, Sarah H, Hassrick, Jason L, Lafontaine, Anne, Thomé, Jean-Pierre, Crocker, Daniel E, Debier, Cathy, and Costa, Daniel P

Subjects
Adipose Tissue, Animals, Seals, Earless, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Environmental Pollutants, Fasting, Age Factors, Reproduction, Pacific Ocean, Female, Adiposity, Seals, Earless, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are widely distributed and detectable far from anthropogenic sources. Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) biannually travel thousands of kilometers to forage in coastal and open-ocean regions of the northeast Pacific Ocean and then return to land where they fast while breeding and molting. Our study examined potential effects of age, adipose percent, and the difference between the breeding and molting fasts on PCB concentrations and congener profiles in blubber and serum of northern elephant seal females. Between 2005 and 2007, we sampled blubber and blood from 58 seals before and after a foraging trip, which were then analyzed for PCBs. Age did not significantly affect total PCB concentrations; however, the proportion of PCB congeners with different numbers of chlorine atoms was significantly affected by age, especially in the outer blubber. Younger adult females had a significantly greater proportion of low-chlorinated PCBs (tri-, tetra-, and penta-CBs) than older females, with the opposite trend observed for hepta-CBs, indicating that an age-associated process such as parity (birth) may significantly affect congener profiles. The percent of adipose tissue had a significant relationship with inner blubber PCB concentrations, with the highest mean concentrations observed at the end of the molting fast. These results highlight the importance of sampling across the entire blubber layer when assessing contaminant levels in phocid seals and taking into account the adipose stores and reproductive status of an animal when conducting contaminant research.

Published
2014

9. Optimizing the design of a reproduction toxicity test with the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis

Author

Charles, Sandrine, Ducrot, Virginie, Azam, Didier, Benstead, Rachel, Brettschneider, Denise, De Schamphelaere, Karel, Filipe Goncalves, Sandra, Green, John W., Holbech, Henrik, Hutchinson, Thomas H., Faber, Daniel, Laranjeiro, Filipe, Matthiessen, Peter, Norrgren, Leif, Oehlmann, Jörg, Reategui-Zirena, Evelyn, Seeland-Fremer, Anne, Teigeler, Matthias, Thome, Jean-Pierre, Tobor Kaplon, Marysia, Weltje, Lennart, and Lagadic, Laurent

Published
2016
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12. Additional file 1 of Prenatal and childhood chlordecone exposure, cognitive abilities and problem behaviors in 7-year-old children: the TIMOUN mother–child cohort in Guadeloupe

Author

Oulhote, Youssef, Rouget, Florence, Michineau, Léah, Monfort, Christine, Desrochers-Couture, Mireille, Thomé, Jean-Pierre, Kadhel, Philippe, Multigner, Luc, Cordier, Sylvaine, and Muckle, Gina

Abstract

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Flow chart of the Timoun study (Neurodevelopment at seven years). Figure S2. Conceptual Directed Acyclic Graph representing the associations between chlordecone exposure, FSIQ, and potential confounders. Figure S3. Correlation plot of maternal and 7-years exposures. Table S1. Univariate associations between primary outcomes and characteristics of the study population. Table S2. Associations between cord- and 7-years blood chlordecone concentrations and cognitive and behavioral functions using SEM analyses, stratified by sex. Figure S4. Dose response relationship between cord- and 7-years blood chlordecone concentrations and WISC-IV scores. Figure S5. Dose response relationship between cord- and 7-years blood chlordecone concentrations and behavioral latent functions. Figure S6. Associations between cord-blood and 7-years chlordecone concentrations and WISC-IV composite scores obtained from the SEM path analysis with additional adjustment for co-exposures, stratified by sex. Figure S7. Associations between cord-blood and 7-years chlordecone concentrations and standardized behavioral functions obtained using SEM analyses with additional adjustment for co-exposures, stratified by sex.

Published
2023
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14. Prenatal and childhood chlordecone exposure, intellectual abilities and problem behaviors in 7-year-old children: the TIMOUN mother-child cohort in Guadeloupe

Author

Oulhote, Youssef, primary, Rouget, Florence, additional, Michineau, Léah, additional, Monfort, Christine, additional, Desrochers-Couture, Mireille, additional, Thomé, Jean-Pierre, additional, Kadhel, Philippe, additional, Multigner, Luc, additional, Cordier, Sylvaine, additional, and Muckle, Gina, additional

Published
2022
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20. Inverse association between plasma chlordecone concentrations and progression of alcoholic liver fibrosis: the role of liver metabolism.

Author

Gelu-Simeon, Moana, Lafrance, Marie-Josée, Michineau, Leah, Saillard, Eric, Thomé, Jean Pierre, Emond, Claude, Samson, Michel, and Multigner, Luc

Subjects
HEPATIC fibrosis, CHLORDECONE, POLLUTANTS, PERSISTENT pollutants, CHRONIC active hepatitis
Abstract

Background and Aims: Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorinated insecticide, extensively used in the French West Indies and has been contaminating the population for more than thirty years. Its potentiation effect on hepatotoxic agents has been demonstrated in animal models. We investigated the relationship between environmental exposure to chlordecone and the progression of liver fibrosis. Methods: This study included 182 consecutive patients with chronic alcoholic hepatitis whose liver fibrosis was assessed using non-invasive methods. Measured plasma chlordecone concentrations at inclusion were used as surrogate of long-term exposure under steady-state conditions. As the pharmacokinetic processing of chlordecone is largely determined by the liver, we used a human physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict plausible changes in the steady-state blood chlordecone concentrations induced by liver fibrosis. Results: With a median follow-up of 27.1 years after the onset of alcohol consumption, we found a significant decrease in the risk of advanced liver fibrosis with increasing plasma chlordecone concentration (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.56; 95% confidence interval: 0.34–0.95 for the highest vs. lowest tertile, p = 0.04). Changes induced by liver fibrosis influenced the pharmacokinetic processing of chlordecone, resulting in substantial modifications in its steady-state blood concentrations. Conclusion: According to this human model of coexposure to alcohol, reverse causality is the most plausible explanation of this inverse association between plasma chlordecone concentrations and progression of liver fibrosis. This study underlines the importance of considering the pharmacokinetic of environmental contaminants in epidemiological studies when biomarkers of exposure are used to investigate their own impact on the liver. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03373396. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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30. In Utero Chlordecone Exposure and Thyroid, Metabolic, and Sex-Steroid Hormones at the Age of Seven Years: A Study From the TIMOUN Mother-Child Cohort in Guadeloupe

Author

Ayhan, Gülen, primary, Rouget, Florence, additional, Giton, Frank, additional, Costet, Nathalie, additional, Michineau, Léah, additional, Monfort, Christine, additional, Thomé, Jean-Pierre, additional, Kadhel, Philippe, additional, Cordier, Sylvaine, additional, Oliva, Alejandro, additional, and Multigner, Luc, additional

Published
2021
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34. Predicting consequences of POP-induced disruption of blubber glucose uptake, mass gain rate and thyroid hormone levels for weaning mass in grey seal pups

Author

Bennett, Kimberley A., primary, Robinson, Kelly J., additional, Armstrong, Holly C., additional, Moss, Simon E.W., additional, Scholl, Georges, additional, Tranganida, Alexandra, additional, Eppe, Gauthier, additional, Thomé, Jean-Pierre, additional, Debier, Cathy, additional, and Hall, Ailsa J., additional

Published
2021
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35. Predicting consequences of POP-induced disruption of blubber glucose uptake, mass gain rate and thyroid hormone levels for weaning mass in grey seal pups

Author

UCL - SST/LIBST - Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Bennett, Kimberley A., Robinson, Kelly J., Armstrong, Holly C., Moss, Simon E.W., Scholl, Georges, Tranganida, Alexandra, Eppe, Gauthier, Thomé, Jean-Pierre, Debier, Cathy, Hall, Ailsa J., UCL - SST/LIBST - Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Bennett, Kimberley A., Robinson, Kelly J., Armstrong, Holly C., Moss, Simon E.W., Scholl, Georges, Tranganida, Alexandra, Eppe, Gauthier, Thomé, Jean-Pierre, Debier, Cathy, and Hall, Ailsa J.

Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are endocrine disruptors that alter adipose tissue development, regulation and function. Top marine predators are particularly vulnerable because they possess large fat stores that accumulate POPs. However, links between endocrine or adipose tissue function disruption and whole animal energetics have rarely been investigated. We predicted the impact of alterations to blubber metabolic characteristics and circulating thyroid hormone (TH) levels associated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) on suckling mass gain and weaning mass in wild grey seal pups. Glucose uptake by inner blubber was a strong predictor of whole animal mass gain rate, which in turn, resulted in heavier weaning mass. Weaning mass was predicted to increase by 3.7 ± 1.59 (sem) %, through increased mass gain rate, in the absence of the previously reported suppressive effect of dioxin-like PCB (DL-PCBs) on blubber glucose uptake. PBDEs were, conversely, associated with faster mass gain. Alleviation of this effect was predicted to reduce weaning mass by 6.02 ± 1.86% (sem). To better predict POPs effects on energy balance, it is crucial to determine if and how PBDEs promote mass gain in grey seal pups. Weaning mass was negatively related to total T3 (TT3) levels. A 20% (range = 9.3–31.7%) reduction in TT3 by DL-PCBs partially overcame the effect of DL-PCB -mediated reduction in blubber glucose uptake. Overall, DL-PCBs were thus predicted to reduce weaning mass by 1.86 ± 1.60%. Organohalogen impacts on whole-animal energy balance in grey seal pups appear to partially offset each other through opposing effects on different mechanisms. POP effects were generally minor, but the largest POP-induced reductions in weaning mass were predicted to occur in pups that were already small. Since weaning mass is positively related to first-year survival, POPs may disproportionately affect smaller individ

Published
2021

48. Environmental fate of chlordecone in coastal habitats: recent studies conducted in Guadeloupe and Martinique (Lesser Antilles)

Author

Dromard, Charlotte R., Devault, Damien, Bouchon-navaro, Yolande, Allénou, Jean-pierre, Budzinski, Hélène, Cordonnier, Sébastien, Tapie, Nathalie, Reynal, Lionel, Lemoine, Soazig, Thomé, Jean-pierre, Thouard, Emmanuel, Monti, Dominique, Bouchon, Claude, Dromard, Charlotte R., Devault, Damien, Bouchon-navaro, Yolande, Allénou, Jean-pierre, Budzinski, Hélène, Cordonnier, Sébastien, Tapie, Nathalie, Reynal, Lionel, Lemoine, Soazig, Thomé, Jean-pierre, Thouard, Emmanuel, Monti, Dominique, and Bouchon, Claude

Abstract

The organochlorine pollution by chlordecone, an insecticide spread in the past in banana plantations, is now recognized as a major ecological, economic, and social crisis in Guadeloupe and Martinique Islands. Due to its physical and chemical properties, this molecule is particularly persistent in the natural environment. Volcanic soil of Guadeloupe and Martinique contain allophanes (amorphous clays), which favor chlordecone trapping due to their structure and physical properties. Thus, with this trapping ability, allophanes serve as a vector allowing chlordecone to contaminate runoff waters and, finally, the sea. In the present publication, several studies recently conducted in the Lesser Antilles have been compiled in order to evaluate the desorption of chlordecone from allophanes when arriving in the estuarine environment and to determine the transfer of chlordecone along marine trophic food webs. The experiments showed that 20% of the initial quantity of chlordecone was released from allophanes in estuarine conditions and 10% in the marine environment. These results could explain the high level of contamination found in the suspended organic matter and zooplankton in the coastal areas located downstream of the contaminated watersheds. The contamination of the marine food webs of mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs is dominated by a contamination “by bath” in littoral waters containing chlordecone and by bioamplification seawards.

Published
2019
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