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Coastal sand dune plants are of great importance to researchers in the field of pharmacology, medicinal, industrial, nutritional, and ecosystem restoration. Nowadays most of the pharmaceutical industries depend on the medicinal plant for their raw materials for drug discovery. Spinifex littoreus is a coastal plant under the family Poeaceae growing on the sandy seashore and is well known for its medicinal properties. The present study was carried out to the phytochemical screening and estimated the bioactive components present in the methanolic extract of Spinifex littoreus leaves. The phytochemical studies revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and phenols. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of twenty bioactive compounds which include n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9,10-Secochola-5,7,10(19)-trien-24-al, 3-hydroxy-(3.beta.,5Z,7E), and 1,3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, etc., The phytochemical and GC-MS profiling of the methanol extract of Spinifex littoreus leaves revealed the presence of bioactive compounds with important medicinal properties. Hence, the presence of these phytochemicals could be responsible for the therapeutic effects of the plant.

The current review article discusses the toxins of different species of fish as well as their pharmacological and therapeutic applications. Fishing in coastal areas is a major concern because it can cause serious poisoning to fishermen, residents and visitors. Toxins from fish can cause severe discomfort, which can spread to the extremities and the lymphatic system. It may also result in venous stasis, hemorrhage, and alterations in the diameter of the artery wall. Particle channels, ligand-gated channels, and G-protein-coupled receptors in body cells are totally impacted by fish poisons as far as physiological and metabolic exercises. They damage the signaling molecules, causing hemolysis, cardiovascular problems, impaired nerve activity and smooth muscle contraction. The effects of fish venom on specific antibodies to the toxin are used for rapid neutralization. It reduces pain, reduces symptoms and stops the inflammatory process in its tracks. Fish poisons have a wide range of medicinal uses and their biological information can be used to develop immunological diagnoses, biocides, anticancer drugs and analgesics.

Background: The idea of the paper is to identify trends and examine the characteristics of the top 100 cited papers on medicinal plants research. Methods: Web of Science citation database was queried to identify the citations of the top 100 most cited papers on medicinal plants research. R and Excel statistical software were employed to extract bibliographic data on various parameters such as number of authors, publication year, journal name, country of origin, research collaboration, trend of research etc. The top 100 cited papers were extracted for further statistical and visual analysed on various grounds. Results: 100 top-cited articles were identified where these papers published in 51 journals, led by Journal of Ethnopharmacology (36 papers) and other journals. All most cited papers were published during 1993 to 2020. The common areas of study were categorized as radical scavenging activities of medicinal plants, antioxidant behaviour of medicinal plants, antiviral and anti-bacterial application, use of medicinal plants in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases such diabetes and cancer etc. India and China emerged as leading nations performing medicinal plants research and greater author’s collaboration were witnessed in medicinal plants research with an overall collaboration index of 4.39.

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) complaint is a new strain of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) found in 2019 at Wuhan city, China. Till date, there is no specific treatment against Covid-19 infection. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) is one of the new approaches for identifying the lead compound in drug development. In the present study, we performed an in-silico study of the Triterpenoid compounds from Mangrove plant as potential COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors, which are used as a potential medicine target. Mangroves are salt-tolerant plant, rich in secondary metabolites. Generally, more than 16% of triterpenes are present in the Mangrove plant and possess many Pharmacological activities. In this study we used Molecular Docking using Auto Dock software. The binding energies obtained from the docking of 6LU7 with Beta-amyrin, Betulin, germanicol, taraxerol, lupeol, lupane, simiarenol, Tirucallol, Ursolic acid, Oleanolic acid, and Alpha-amyrin were − 8.37, -8.73, -8.06, -7.71, -8.32, -8.49, -8.16, -8.99, -9.24, -8.87 and − 8.89 kcal/mol, respectively. Further, these results were also confirmed by drug-likeness properties by using Swiss ADME software. This study showed Triterpenoid compounds seemed to have the best potential to act as COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors and they have a potential lead compound for the development of drugs, which can be used against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, further research like in-vivo and in-vitro examines is necessary to investigate their potential medicinal use.