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Abstract Background Patients can develop de novo malignancies following orthotopic heart transplantation. However, vascular tumors are not commonly described in this population. Case presentation We present a 69-year-old female with a history of orthotopic heart transplantation for chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy who developed an incidental pulmonary artery mass six years after her transplantation. Given concerns for malignancy, the patient underwent an operative excisional biopsy through a left anterior mini-thoracotomy with femoral artery and vein cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass. The mass was determined to be a non-malignant vascular overgrowth with PIK3CA mutation. Conclusion We present the case of an unusual pulmonary artery mass with PIK3CA mutation found in a post heart transplant patient. We were able to spare her the morbidity of a redo-sternotomy by excising the mass via a minimally invasive left anterior thoracotomy approach.

The research centers around ST25, a recently acclaimed rice variety lauded as Vietnam’s premier offering. However, its ability to substantiate its origin is impeded by the rampant proliferation of counterfeit derivatives within the market. A distinctive methodology is posited herein, intertwining the attributes of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses, augmented using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The primary objective is to meticulously ascertain the unadulterated geographic provenance of the ST25 rice cultivar. The findings unequivocally underscore the emergence of a conspicuous taxonomy within the ST25 rice samples sourced from Soc Trang, underpinned by the utilization of both FTIR and ICP-MS datasets. Remarkably, the discernment of eight elemental constituents (27Al, 59Co, 44Ca, 57Fe, 60Ni, 63Cu, 93Nb, and 98Mo) has been adjudicated as pivotal in ascribing geospatial classification. The ramifications of this proposed modality encompass not only the authentication of the subject rice variety but also extend to the validation of similar grain types. Functioning as a potent deterrent against the omnipresent specter of food counterfeiting within the market milieu, this methodology occupies a pivotal niche.

Vodka constitutes a significant sector of Vietnam’s alcohol industry, including both domestic and imported varieties. However, this diversity faces challenges from illegal imports and adulterated products, threatening consumer health and brand integrity. This study employs Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to analyze 300 vodka samples from five brands collected across Hanoi. Significant variations were found in elemental compositions, with sodium concentrations ranging from 205.67 μg/L to 1269.24 μg/L and magnesium levels from 65.57 μg/L to 1453.34 μg/L. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the FTIR and ICP-MS data effectively differentiated the samples, with the first two principal components explaining 84.78% and 73.02% of the total variance, respectively. The PCA plots revealed distinct chemical profiles, notably isolating Rocket Vodka. These findings enhance food safety enforcement, protect consumer rights, and preserve brand reputations. The study underscores the importance of advanced analytical tools in combating beverage adulteration, ensuring public health, and maintaining market integrity, offering a replicable model for similar research in other regions.

Conflict detection plays a crucial role in ensuring flight safety and efficiency and is a critical component of an air traffic control system. Despite the availability of tools to support air traffic controllers in identifying potential conflicts, their quality, and accuracy remain limited due to the challenge of accurately accounting for uncertainty when predicting flight trajectories. To tackle this issue, researchers have explored various studies focused on using probabilistic techniques to model aircraft dynamics and trajectory uncertainty. However, these approaches share several common shortcomings, including their assumptions about uncertainty distributions and the high computational costs of detecting and calculating the risk of conflicts. In response to these challenges, we propose a data-driven approach combining a multi-output generative model with a Bayesian Optimization algorithm to effectively model the uncertainty of aircraft trajectories and rapidly identify the probability of a conflict. Our approach employs the Heteroscedastic Gaussian Process to capture complex trajectory patterns and uncertainty from historical data directly. The proposed predictive model can effectively capture heteroscedastic noise from real data, leading to improved predictions. It achieves Kullback-Leibler divergence around 1 to 1.3 for all dimensions which reduces by >45% for latitude, >24% for longitude, and 4% for altitude compared to the classical homoscedastic GP approach. The method also boasts high-performance predictions for 4D trajectories including descending, climbing, and en-route phases. To pinpoint when two aircraft are most likely to experience a conflict, the Bayesian Optimization algorithm is adopted, which shows good performance in terms of computational efficiency and flexibility for probabilistic conflict detection. The proposed model achieves percentage error

Sulfated polysaccharides SpvF1, SpvF2, SpvF3, and SpvF4 from the brown alga S. vietnamense collected north of Hon Do (Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam) were isolated and studied. The structure of the obtained polysaccharide was studied using chemical methods and NMR spectroscopy. Fucoidans were low-sulfated (SpvF1, SpvF2) and medium-sulfated (SpvF3, SpvF4) heterogeneous polysaccharides. The molecular weight of the polysaccharides obtained was in the range of 16 to 44 kDa. All investigated fucoidans until 400 µg/mL were not cytotoxic for human colon carcinoma cells DLD-1, HCT-116, and HT-29 in vitro. Fucoidans SpvF1 and SpvF2 have inhibited the colony formation and growth of investigated cells from 20 to 30%. Fucoidans SpvF3 and SpvF4 have the strongest inhibitory effect for investigated cancer cells: from 40 to 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS) was prepared from Bohadschia ocellata using protease hydrolysis. The structural characteristics of FCS were confirmed through chemical composition analysis using FTIR spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. FCS from B. ocellata (FCS-Bo) exhibited an average molecular weight of approximately 122 kDa. The biological activities of FCS-Bo, including anticoagulant, anti-cancer, and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition, were evaluated. FCS-Bo displayed potent anticoagulant properties, markedly extending activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time when compared to the heparin control. In anti-cancer bioactivity research, FCS-Bo efficiently inhibited colony formation in the colon cancer cell lines HCT-116, HT-29, and DLD-1, achieving inhibition rates of up to 65%. Additionally, FCS-Bo exhibited significant inhibition of PTP1B, with an IC50 as low as 0.0326 µg/mL, suggesting its potential for improving insulin sensitivity and managing conditions such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The artificial solar saltworks fields of Hon Khoi are important industrial and biodiversity resources in southern Vietnam. Most hypersaline environments in this area are characterized by saturated salinity, nearly neutral pH, intense ultraviolet radiation, elevated temperatures and fast desiccation processes. However, the extremely halophilic prokaryotic communities associated with these stressful environments remain uninvestigated. To fill this gap, a metabarcoding approach was conducted to characterize these communities by comparing them with solar salterns in northern Vietnam as well as with the Italian salterns of Motya and Trapani. Sequencing analyses revealed that the multiple reuses of crystallization ponds apparently create significant perturbations and structural instability in prokaryotic consortia. However, some interesting features were noticed when we examined the diversity of ultra-small prokaryotes belonging to Patescibacteria and DPANN Archaea. Surprisingly, we found at least five deeply branched clades, two from Patescibacteria and three from DPANN Archaea, which seem to be quite specific to the Hon Khoi saltworks field ecosystem and can be considered as a part of biogeographical connotation. Further studies are needed to characterize these uncultivated taxa, to isolate and cultivate them, which will allow us to elucidate their ecological role in these hypersaline habitats and to explore their biotechnological and biomedical potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus), recognized globally for its substantial nutrient content and health benefits, has been extensively studied; studies have particularly focused on the fruit, while the composition of the stem remains less explored. This research focuses on optimizing fermentation parameters for red dragon fruit wine, specifically examining yeast-strain selection, juice-to-water dilution ratios, and yeast concentrations. Saccharomyces cerevisiae RV002 emerged as the optimal strain due to its robust performance and adaptability under adverse conditions. The study identified a 50% dilution ratio as ideal for maximizing clarity and the sensory attributes of the wine, whereas dilution ratios exceeding 90% significantly reduced ethanol content below acceptable commercial standards. An optimal yeast concentration of 1 g/L was found to balance microbial suppression and alcohol yield effectively; deviations from this concentration led to microbial contamination or impaired fermentation dynamics. Fermentation markedly altered the biochemical properties of Hylocereus polyrhizus, reducing sugar and vitamin C levels while increasing polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, thereby enhancing potential health benefits. These findings underscore the transformative effects of microbial activity on the substrate's chemical landscape and highlight the potential of tailored fermentation strategies to enhance the utility and value of underutilized fruits in sustainable agricultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aircraft trajectory prediction is a challenging problem in air traffic control, especially for conflict detection. Traditional trajectory predictors require a variety of inputs such as flight-plans, aircraft performance models, meteorological forecasts, etc. Many of these data are subjected to environmental uncertainties. Further, limited information about such inputs, especially the lack of aircraft tactical intent, makes trajectory prediction a challenging task. In this work, we propose a deep learning model that performs trajectory prediction by modeling and incorporating aircraft tactical intent. The proposed model adopts the encoder-decoder architecture and makes use of the convolutional layer as well as Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs). The proposed model does not require explicit information about aircraft performance and wind data. Results demonstrate that the provision of enriched aircraft intent, together with appropriate model design, could improve the prediction error up to 30% at a prediction horizon of 10 minutes (from 4.9 nautical miles to 3.4 nautical miles). The model also guarantees the mean error growth rate with increasing look-ahead time to be lower than 0.2 nautical miles per minute. In addition, the model offers a very low variance in the prediction, which satisfies the variance-standard specified by EUROCONTROL (EU Organization for Safety and Navigation of Air Traffic) for trajectory predictors. The proposed model also outperforms the state-of-the-art trajectory prediction model, where the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is reduced from 0.0203 to 0.0018 for latitude prediction, and from 0.0482 to 0.0021 for longitude prediction in a single prediction step of 15 seconds look-ahead. We showed that the pre-trained model on ADS-B data maintains its high performance, in terms of cross-track and along-track errors, when being validated in the Bluesky Air Traffic Simulator. The proposed model would significantly improve the performance of conflict detection systems where such trajectory prediction models are needed.

Fingerprinting techniques, which utilize the unique chemical and physical properties of food samples, have emerged as a promising approach for food authentication and traceability. Recent studies have demonstrated significant advancements in food authentication through the use of fingerprinting methods, such as multivariate statistical analysis techniques applied to trace elements and isotope ratios. However, further research is required to optimize these methods and ensure their validity and reliability in real-world applications. In this study, the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analytical method was employed to determine the content of 21 elements in 300 cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) samples from 5 brands. Multivariate statistical methods, such as principal components analysis (PCA), were employed to analyze the data obtained and establish the provenance of the cashew nuts. While cashew nuts are widely marketed in many countries, no universal method has been utilized to differentiate the origin of these nuts. Our study represents the initial step in identifying the geographical origin of commercial cashew nuts marketed in Vietnam. The analysis showed significant differences in the means of 21 of the 40 analyzed elements among the cashew nut samples from the 5 brands, including 7Li, 11B, 24Mg, 27Al, 44Ca, 48Ti, 51V, 52Cr, 55Mn, 57Fe, 60Ni, 63Cu, 66Zn, 93Nb, 98Mo, 111Cd, 115In, 121Sb, 138Ba, 208Pb, and 209Bi. The PCA analysis indicated that the cashew nut samples can be accurately classified according to their original locations. This research serves as a prerequisite for future studies involving the combination of elemental composition analysis with statistical classification methods for the accurate establishment of cashew nut provenance, which involves the identification of key markers for the original discrimination of cashew nuts.

Introduction: Recent statistics have shown that there are hundreds of diseases caused by insects that have a significant impact on human health and they are often fatal. Mosquitoes cause about 10 diseases, most notably malaria, dengue fever and zika fever. N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (1, DEET) or N,N-diethyl-m-methylbenzamide was globally approved under brand names m-Dephene, Detamide, Flypel as one of the most prominent agents for preparation of insect repellants. Objectives: To present an enhanced method for synthesis of N,N'-diethyl- m-toluamide which can be introduced to industrial scale. Method: The input materials: m-toluic acid has been activated with thionyl chloride to create the intermediate product, m-toluoyl chloride. This product then was reacted with diethylamine in order to produce DEET. This method has been improved the factors affecting the synthesis of DEET. Results: DEET was successfully synthesized using well known materials with high efficiency and purity. During research all the by-products and waste materials in the reaction are highly water-soluble, therefore the final product was obtained at pharmaceutical requirement without further purification. The analytical data has shown that DEET was collected at a very high yield in the range of 96-98%, purity (HPLC): 95.5-97.6%. The structure of DEET was determined by model spectroscopies MS, and NMR. Conclusions: An improved procedure for the synthesis of N,N-diethyl-m -toluamide (DEET) or N,N-diethyl-m-methylbenzamide is established where the use of all reagents was optimized in suitable amount to apply in industrial production.

The NIST LightWeight Cryptography (LWC) selection process aims to standardise cryptographic functionality which is suitable for resource-constrained devices. Since the outcome is likely to have significant, long-lived impact, careful evaluation of each submission with respect to metrics explicitly outlined in the call is imperative. Beyond the robustness of submissions against cryptanalytic attack, metrics related to their implementation (e.g., execution latency and memory footprint) form an important example. Aiming to provide evidence allowing richer evaluation with respect to such metrics, this paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of one separate Instruction Set Extension (ISE) for each of the 10 LWC final round submissions, namely Ascon, Elephant, GIFT-COFB, Grain-128AEADv2, ISAP, PHOTON-Beetle, Romulus, Sparkle, TinyJAMBU, and Xoodyak; although we base the work on use of RISC-V, we argue that it provides more general insight.

In this work, we aimed to prepare chromium substituted cobalt ferrite Co(CrxFe1–x)2O4 powders by a simple coprecipitationannealing method with different Cr contents to create novel magnetic adsorbents for the removal of phosphate ions from water. The effects of Cr substitution on the crystal structure, phase composition, morphology, surface atomic composition, surface area and magnetic properties of our adsorbents were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen adsorption-desorption and vibrating sample magnetometry. According to the results, all our Co(CrxFe1–x)2O4 samples exhibited higher phosphate adsorption than CoFe2O4 powder but their magnetic properties were reduced for increasing Cr substitution. Among them, the Co(Cr0.25Fe0.75)2O4 sample was found to be the most promising material since its magnetic properties are still high to allow it to be easily separated from the solution and its maximum P adsorption capacity (according to the Langmuir model) was estimated to be 4.84 times higher than CoFe2O4, which can be attributed to the presence of Cr3+ ions on the surface and the enhanced surface specific area of this substituted sample. Moreover, the adsorption data of Co(Cr0.25Fe0.75)2O4 sample also fitted well to the pseudo second order kinetic model, revealing the adsorption rate constant of 0.87 mgP–1s–1, two times superior to CoFe2O4.

In this work, we proposed to synthesize CuFe2O4/Fe2O3 core-shell materials with different Fe2O3 contents in order to create new and efficient photo-Fenton-like catalysts for the degradation of methylene blue with oxalic acid as a radical-producing source. The catalysts were prepared through two stages: first, CuFe2O4 was prepared by a hydroxide coprecipitation – annealing method and then, Fe2O3 was immobilized on CuFe2O4 surface by a simple impregnation – annealing procedure. According to the experimental results, our CuFe2O4/Fe2O3 core-shell materials exhibit high photo-Fenton-like catalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue under both UVA light and visible light, as well as good ferromagnetic properties, which allows them to be easily separated from the solution by a magnet. Among them, the catalyst prepared with the molar CuFe2O4/Fe2O3 ratio of 1:2 showed the best catalytic performance with the rate constant of 2.103 h–1 under UVA light and 0.542 h–1 under visible light, which were 2 times higher than CuFe2O4 sample. The enhanced catalytic activities of our core-shell materials can be attributed to the high content of surface Fe3+ species, high specific surface area and the presence of rod-like Fe2O3 particles on their surface.

Summary: The objective of this study was to employ multi‐elemental analysis and chemometric multivariate data analysis for identifying the geographical origin of Camellia sinensis cultivated in Vietnam's northeastern region. Ninety‐two tea leaf samples encompassing four distinct varieties were sourced from Bac Can and Thai Nguyen provinces. These samples underwent analysis through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics, while elemental quantification was achieved via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), utilising mixed standards for 26 elements. The FTIR spectra exhibited characteristic peaks, denoting the functional groups of the potential compounds present. ICP/MS analysis identified the presence of 14 elements in the tea samples, revealing significant variations in content across the four varieties. principal component analysis (PCA) of the FTIR data illustrated that the initial two principal components accounted for 91.26% of the total variance, effectively segregating the four green tea varieties into distinct clusters. Conversely, PCA of the ICP‐MS spectra also distinguished the four varieties, albeit Trung Du and Hybrid F1 exhibited a proximate distribution. This closeness may be incidental and not indicative of correlation, considering the limited variable set. Our findings ascertain that ICP/MS and FTIR, augmented by chemometric software, serve as efficacious tools for ascertaining the geographical origins of tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk (RTH) is a plant distributed mainly in Southeast Asia that has long been used as a food or a folk remedy for various ailments. Anthocyanins extracted from RTH have received the attention of researchers as well as manufacturers in exploiting the application of this plant for commercial purposes. Several extraction methods have been performed, however, concerns about new extraction methods, extraction conditions as well as stability of anthocyanins during storage are issues that need to be evaluated. In this study, the process of extracting anthocyanins by microwave method and the stability of anthocyanins in RTH extraction were investigated. For the extraction method, the influence of solvent concentration (30–70%), application ratio (10:1–1:1 mL/g), microwave power (100–500W), and time (1–9 min) have been evaluated. A first-order kinetic model was also used to evaluate the variation of anthocyanin content during storage at different conditions, including 5 °C (refrigerator), 30 °C (room temperature), and 45 °C (incubator). The study results showed that the anthocyanin content had the greatest value of 137.54 mg/L when extracted with 50% ethanol solvent with the material/solvent ratio of 1:3 (g/ml) microwave power is 200W for 5 min. The first-order decomposition kinetics model showed that the t1/2 values of the RTH extract were 69.64, 28.66, and 19.8, respectively, for the storage temperatures of 5 °C, 30 °C, and 45 °C, respectively. During storage, anthocyanin content tends to decrease more rapidly under high-temperature conditions. In addition, a close correlation between anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity was recorded at a high significance level R2 > 0.98.