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Additional file 2. Motivationto Change Lifestyle for Dementia Risk Reduction (MOHAD-10).

Additional file 3. Flowchart of the invited and participating sample.

Additional file 1. Dementia awareness questionnaire.

Background Stroke survivors are known to have poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than the general population, but less is known about characteristics associated with HRQoL decreasing through time following a stroke. This study aims to examine how in-hospital frailty is related to HRQoL from 3 to 18 months post stroke. Method Six hundred twenty-five participants hospitalised with stroke were included and followed up at 3 and/or 18 months post stroke. Stroke severity was assessed the day after admission with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). A modified Fried phenotype was used to assess in-hospital frailty; measures of exhaustion, physical activity, and weight loss were based on pre-stroke status, while gait speed and grip strength were measured during hospital stay. HRQoL at 3- and 18-months follow-up were assessed using the five-level version of the EuroQol five-dimensional descriptive system (EQ-5D-5L) and the EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-5D VAS). We conducted linear mixed effect regression analyses unadjusted and adjusted for sex, age, and stroke severity to investigate the association between in-hospital frailty and post-stroke HRQoL. Results Mean (SD) age was 71.7 years (11.6); mean NIHSS score was 2.8 (4.0), and 263 (42.1%) were female. Frailty prevalence was 10.4%, while 58.6% were pre-frail. The robust group had EQ-5D-5L index and EQ-5D VAS scores at 3 and 18 months comparable to the general population. Also at 3 and 18 months, the pre-frail and frail groups had significantly lower EQ-5D-5L indices than the robust group (p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Unadjusted overall trend in life-space (A) and change in association in time between life-space and CDR-SOB (B). NHLSD: Nursing Home Life-Space Diameter (0–50); CDR-SOB: Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes. Table S1. Estimated life-space trajectories (N = 541). Table S2. Nursing Home Life-Space Diameter (NHLSD) score ranges.

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Karen Rosmo Kuvås,1 Ingvild Saltvedt,1,2 Stina Aam,1,2 Pernille Thingstad,1,3 Hanne Ellekjær,1,4 Torunn Askim1,4 1Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; 2Department of Geriatrics, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; 3Department of Health and Social Services, City of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway; 4Department of Stroke, Clinic of Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NorwayCorrespondence: Torunn AskimDepartment of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, MTFS, Trondheim 7491, NorwayTel +47 99 58 92 35Email Torunn.askim@ntnu.noPurpose: The Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke (Nor-COAST) study aimed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of neurocognitive disorder in an unselected stroke cohort. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether selection bias occurred by comparing baseline characteristics from participants with non-participants in Nor-COAST.Patients and Methods: Nor-COAST is a prospective cohort multi-center study, recruiting participants from five Norwegian hospitals. Patients with the diagnosis of acute stroke were screened for inclusion. Baseline data from the participants recruited between May 2015 and March 2017 were compared to corresponding data from those not participating in Nor-COAST but registered in the Norwegian Stroke Registry. Regression analysis was used to assess whether age, stroke severity, sex and stroke subtype were independently associated with inclusion in the study.Results: Out of 2505 available patients, 815 (32.5%) were included in Nor-COAST. There were no differences between participants and non-participants with respect to age (mean (SD) age 73.5 (11.7) versus 74.2 (14.5) years) or sex (44.8% versus 46.9% women). A significantly larger proportion of the participants were independent prior to stroke (87% versus 78%), had mild strokes (69% versus 55%) and suffered from cerebral infarction (90% versus 84%). The regression analysis showed decreased odds ratio (OR) of being included for those with higher degree of pre-stroke dependency (OR 0.895, 95% CI 0.825 to 0.971, p=0.007) and a more severe stroke (OR 0.952, 95% CI 0.939 to 0.966, p< 0.001).Conclusion: The participants in Nor-COAST had a better pre-stroke health condition and milder strokes compared to non-participants. However, the participants should be regarded as representative of the majority of the stroke population which suffers from mild strokes. Nevertheless, baseline information for non-participants should be available also in future clinical studies to make it easier to identify which part of the stroke population the results can be generalized to.Keywords: neurocognitive disorder, dementia, cerebrovascular disease, stroke registry