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6. Tillage, crop establishment and residue retention methods for optimising productivity and profitability under rice–wheat system.

Author

Thind, H. S., Sharma, Sandeep, Sidhu, H. S., Singh, Vicky, and Yadvinder-Singh

Subjects
*CROP residues, *NO-tillage, *CONSERVATION tillage, *TILLAGE, *UPLAND rice, *SOIL pollution, *SOIL degradation, *WHEAT, *WHEAT straw
Abstract

Conventional tillage and crop establishment methods for the rice–wheat (RW) system are input intensive (water, labour and energy). About 24.5 million tonnes of rice residues are burnt every year on farms in north-western India before sowing of wheat, causing air pollution and soil health degradation. Therefore, alternative tillage, crop establishment and residue management practices are needed for long-term sustainability of the RW system. A 4-year field study evaluated four tillage and crop establishment methods in rice (in main plots) and three tillage and rice residue management methods in wheat (in subplots) for their effects on yield, soil fertility, and profitability of the RW system. Average rice yields were similar under conventional puddled transplanted rice (PTR) and conventional till dry seeder rice (CTDSR). Both of these treatments produced significantly greater yields (10–16%) compared with zero till DSR (ZTDSR) and ZT machine transplanted rice in non-puddled soil, respectively, regardless of tillage and straw management methods in the previous wheat crop. Wheat yields in ZT wheat (ZTW) with 100% surface retention of rice residue (+R) were significantly greater than conventional till without residue retention after 2 years of experimentation, and accompanied by significant increases in macro-nutrient (potassium) availability in soil. The ZTW−R (no residue) treatment produced 15% lower wheat yield than ZTW+R. System yield was highest in CTDSR-ZTW+R, which was 5% higher than the conventional practice PTR-CTW−R, resulting in Rs 17 000 ha−1 greater net returns. The sustainability of conventional rice–wheat production systems in northwestern India has become a major concern for addressing the issues of energy, labour, water scarcity and quality. Resource conservation technologies such as zero tillage with residue retention showed higher productivity, profitability and potential in improving the soil health. The adoption of sowing of wheat into rice residues can achieve high crop productivity and income, while avoiding ill effects of straw burning on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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27. Phosphorus fertilizing potential of biomass ashes and their effect on bioavailability of micronutrients in wheat (Triticum aestivum. L)

Author

Singh, Inderpal, Thind, H. S., Sharma, Sandeep, Singh, Yadvinder, Bhat, Mohammad Amin, Singh, Inderpal, Thind, H. S., Sharma, Sandeep, Singh, Yadvinder, and Bhat, Mohammad Amin

Abstract

Ashes from agricultural biomass in agro-based industries have been found to have most of the plant nutrients except nitrogen and sulphur but are treated as waste material. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of biomass ashes as source of P and their effect on bioavailability of micronutrients in wheat crop. We conducted the pot experiment at glass house of the Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. The experiment consisted of combinations of four P sources [bagasse ash (BA), rice husk ash (RHA), rice straw ash (RSA), fertilizer P (Fert-P)] supplying P at three levels (10, 20 and 30 µg g-1) along with one zero-P control. This experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) having three replications. Application of P through RSA produced significantly higher grain yield (14.3 g pot-1) than BA (12.8 g pot-1) and RHA (12.9 g pot-1) but statistically at par with Fert-P (13.5 g pot-1). Grain Zn content decreased maximum than other micronutrients with application of P from all sources, hence maximum increased P/Zn ratio. Phosphorus applied from all the biomass ashes significantly increased biomass and yield over control. With increase in P application, micronutrients content in grain was significantly decreased, hence decreased bioavailability of micronutrients in wheat grain.

Published
2017

31. A framework for refining soil microbial indices as bioindicators during decomposition of various organic residues in a sandy loam soil

Author

Sharma, Sandeep, Kaur, Jatinder, Thind, H. S., Singh, Yadvinder, Sharma, Neha, Kirandip, Kirandip, Sharma, Sandeep, Kaur, Jatinder, Thind, H. S., Singh, Yadvinder, Sharma, Neha, and Kirandip, Kirandip

Abstract

Assessment of soil quality is an invaluable tool in determining the sustainability and environmental impact of agricultural ecosystems. Soil microbial indices like microbial biomass and microbial activity are important criteria for the determination of soil quality. Laboratory incubation study was undertaken to examine the influence of eight crop residues widely varying in biochemical composition on the periodic changes in important soil microbial indices {(microbial (Cmic: Corg), metabolic (qCO2), carbon mineralization (qC) and microbial biomass change rate (qM) quotients)} at 28 days and 63 days after incubation (DAI) in a sandy loam soil. A. sativa amended soil showed maximum soil respiration rate (14.23 mg CO2-C g-1 soil day-1) whereas T. aestivum amended soil showed maximum microbial biomass C (790 µg/g). The metabolic quotient among different crop residues ranged from 11.1 to 19.8 ?g CO2-C ?g-biomass-C-1 h-1 at 63 DAI. The results indicate that incorporation of different crop residues has positive effect on microbial flora and their activity. Microbial quotient (Cmic:Corg) was significantly positively correlated with microbial biomass carbon (MBC), qC and qM. The study suggests that the biochemical composition of different crop residues seems to be of better option for long term sustainable crop production with maintenance of soil quality in a sandy loam soil.

Published
2015

33. Performance of neem-coated urea vis-a-vis ordinary urea applied to irrigated transplanted rice in northwestern India

Author

Thind, H. S., Singh, B., Pannu, R. P. S., Singh, Y., Singh, V., Gupta, R. K., Vashistha, M., Singh, J., and Kumar, A.

Subjects
Use efficiency, Yields, Need coated urea, India, Urea fertilizers, Application rates, Nitrogen fertilizers
Abstract

This article 'Performance of neem-coated urea vis-a-vis ordinary urea applied to irrigated transplanted rice in northwestern India' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.

Published
2009
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34. Phosphorus fertilizing potential of bagasse ash and rice husk ash in wheat–rice system on alkaline loamy sand soil.

Author

THIND, H. S., YADVINDER-SINGH, SHARMA, SANDEEP, VARINDERPAL-SINGH, SRAN, H. S., and BIJAY-SINGH

Abstract

Bagasse and rice husk are two important agro-industrial by-products that are used as fuel in the sugar and rice mill industries, thus producing large quantities of bagasse ash (BA; 0·05 of bagasse) and rice husk ash (0·20 of rice husk) as waste material. Applying BA and rice husk ash (RHA) to agricultural land improves yield, nutrient uptake and chemical fertility of soil, particularly with special reference to available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The present field experiment was conducted for 3 years to evaluate the P fertilizer value of these agro-industrial waste materials in a wheat–rice system (WRS). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with RHA and BA applied at 10 t/ha and including a no-amendment control as the main plot treatments and three levels of fertilizer P (0, 13 and 26 kg P/ha; designated P0, P13 and P26, respectively) as sub-plot treatments to wheat in WRS. Application of fertilizer P increased the wheat grain yield up to P26 in the un-amended control treatment. However, a significant response of wheat to fertilizer P was also observed up to P13 in the presence of BA and RHA, thereby saving 50% of fertilizer P. Both RHA and BA increased wheat productivity by 12 and 16%, respectively, over the un-amended control. The subsequent rice crop also produced 14% higher paddy yield when the two ashes were applied along with P13 to the previous wheat crop. The increases in grain yield were accompanied by significant increases in the uptake of P and K, and P content (Olsen P) in the soil. The application of recommended P (P26) in un-amended plots resulted in a negative P balance of 9·3 kg P/ha/year. On the other hand, the application of BA alone and RHA along with P13 resulted in neutral/slightly positive P balance. A strong linear relationship (R2 = 0·98) was observed between P balance and Olsen-P build up in the soil. It may be concluded that application of BA and RHA has the potential to increase system productivity and reduce the cost of inputs in terms of reduced application of fertilizer P to wheat and rice. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2017
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35. Management of Saline-Sodic Water in Cotton-Wheat Cropping System.

Author

Buttar, G. S., Thind, H. S., Sekhon, K. S., Kaur, A., Gill, R. S., Sidhu, B. S., and Aujla, M. S.

Subjects
*CALCAREOUS soils, *FARM manure, *GYPSUM, *IRRIGATION water, *ZINC
Abstract

A long-term field experiment was conducted for 7 years to evaluate the effect of different amendments to mitigate the adverse effect of saline-sodic water in a calcareous soil under cotton-wheat cropping system. The pooled results over 7 years revealed that the application of saline-sodic water decreased the mean cotton-seed yield by 20.7% as compared to good quality canal water. However, wheat-grain yield was not adversely affected by quality of irrigation water. Among the different amendments, gypsum and farmyard manure were more effective in mitigating the adverse effect of saline-sodic irrigation water. Cotton-seed yield reduction was 9.8% with the addition of farmyard manure and remained only 8.8% with the addition of gypsum as compared to good quality water. However, when saline-sodic water was used alternately with good quality canal water, the recorded cotton-seed yield reduction was only 6.1%. These results suggest that in calcareous soils, farmyard manure is useful in ameliorating long-term deleterious effects of saline sodic irrigation water and sustaining the productivity of cotton-wheat system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017

38. 2013 SYR Accepted Poster Abstracts

Author

Bayley, P. J., primary, Isaac, L., additional, Kong, J. Y., additional, Adamson, M. M., additional, Ashford, J. W., additional, Mahoney, L. A., additional, Beltran, M., additional, Brown-Elhillali, A., additional, Held, A., additional, Ajayi, A., additional, Belcher, H., additional, Bond, A., additional, Mason, H., additional, Lemaster, C., additional, Shaw, S., additional, Mullin, C., additional, Holick, E., additional, Saper, R., additional, Braun, T. D., additional, Riley, K. E., additional, Park, C. L., additional, Trehern, A. E., additional, Davis, M. B., additional, Mastronardi, E. L., additional, Butzer, B., additional, Khalsa, S. B. S., additional, Shorter, S. M., additional, Reinhardt, K. M., additional, Cope, S., additional, Cheung, C., additional, Justice, C., additional, Wyman, J., additional, Cook-Cottone, C. P., additional, Daly, L. A., additional, Haden, S. C., additional, Hagins, M., additional, Danhauer, S. C., additional, Griffin, L. P., additional, Avis, N. E., additional, Sohl, S. J., additional, Lawrence, J., additional, Jesse, M. T., additional, Addington, E. L., additional, Messino, M. J., additional, Giguere, J. K., additional, Lucas, S. L., additional, Wiliford, S. K., additional, Shaw, E., additional, de Manincor, M., additional, Bensoussan, A., additional, Smith, C., additional, Fahey, P., additional, Bourchier, S., additional, Desrochers, D. I. M., additional, Viswanathan, S., additional, Partharasathy, B. R., additional, Doherty, K., additional, Moye, J., additional, Walsh, C., additional, Pokaski-Azar, J., additional, Gosian, J., additional, Chapman, J., additional, King, K., additional, Sohl, S., additional, Danhauer, S., additional, Dunbar, E., additional, Gabriel, M. G., additional, Huebner, M., additional, Hofmann, S. G., additional, Gaskins, Ronnesia B., additional, Jennings, Ernestine, additional, Thind, Herpreet, additional, Fava, Joseph L., additional, Hartman, Sheri, additional, Bock, Beth C., additional, Gramann, P., additional, Haaz, S., additional, Bingham, C.O., additional, Bartlett, S.J., additional, States, R., additional, Selfe, T., additional, Innes, K., additional, Harris, A. R., additional, Jennings, P. A., additional, Abenavoli, R. M., additional, Katz, D. A., additional, Hudecek, K. M., additional, Greenberg, M. T., additional, Jeter, P. E., additional, Nkodo, A. F., additional, Dagnelie, G., additional, Keosaian, J. E., additional, Lemaster, C. M., additional, Chao, M., additional, Saper, R. B., additional, King, K. D., additional, Pokaski Azar, J., additional, Kinser, P., additional, Bourguignon, C., additional, Taylor, A., additional, Bayley, P. J., additional, Collery, L. M., additional, Menzies-Toman, D., additional, Nilsson, M., additional, Frykman, V., additional, Noggle, J. J., additional, Braun, T., additional, Nosaka, M., additional, Okamura, H., additional, Fukatu, N., additional, Potts, A., additional, Weidknecht, K., additional, Coulombe, S., additional, Davies, B., additional, Ryan, C., additional, Day, D., additional, Reale, J., additional, Staples, J. K., additional, Knoefel, J., additional, Herman, C., additional, Bedesin, E. Y., additional, Stewart, V. M., additional, Pescatello, L. S., additional, Rioux, J., additional, Rosen, R. K., additional, Thind, H., additional, Gaskins, R., additional, Jennings, E., additional, Morrow, K., additional, Williams, D., additional, Bock, B., additional, Rousseau, D., additional, Jackson, E., additional, Schmid, A. A., additional, Miller, K. K., additional, Van Puymbroeck, M., additional, DeBaun, E. L., additional, Schalk, N., additional, Dierks, T. D., additional, Altenburger, P., additional, Damush, T., additional, Williams, L. S., additional, Selman, L., additional, Citron, T., additional, Howie-Esquivel, J., additional, McDermott, K., additional, Milic, M., additional, Donesky, D., additional, Shook, A., additional, Ruzic, R., additional, Galloway, F., additional, Ward, L. J., additional, Stebbings, S., additional, Sherman, K., additional, Cherkin, D., additional, Baxter, G. D., additional, West, J. I., additional, Duffy, N., additional, and Liang, B., additional

Published
2013
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45. Optical Sensor-based Nitrogen Management for Irrigated Wheat in the Indo-Gangetic Plains.

Author

Bijay-Singh, Sharma, R. K., Jaspreet-Kaur, Jat, M. L., Martin, K. L., Yadvinder-Singh, Varinderpal-Singh, Thind, H. S., Khurana, H. S., Vashistha, M., Raun, W. R., and Gupta, R.

Subjects
WHEAT -- Nutrition, NITROGEN content of plants, PLAINS
Abstract

The article presents a discussion of optical sensor-based management of nitrogen for irrigated wheat in the Indo-Gangetic plains in northwest India, adapted from "Assessment of the Nitrogen Management Strategy Using an Optical Sensor for Irrigated Wheat," by Bijay-Singh et al.

Published
2012

46. Effect of Green Manure (GM) and Fe Application on the Fe Held By Organic Matter in Redried Submerged Soils

Author

Thind, H. S. and Chahal, D. S.

Subjects
Green Manures, Redried Submerged Soils, Organic Matter, Iron
Abstract

This article 'Effect of Green Manure (GM) and Fe Application on the Fe Held By Organic Matter in Redried Submerged Soils' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

Published
1986
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47. Effect of Ferrous Sulfate Application on Rice Yield and Iron Uptake

Author

Thind, H. S. and Chahal, D. S.

Subjects
Yields, Iron Uptake, Ferrous Sulfate Application
Abstract

This article 'Effect of Ferrous Sulfate Application on Rice Yield and Iron Uptake' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

Published
1983
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48. Effect of Different Sources and Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Rice Grain Yield

Author

Thind, H. S., Singh, B., and Deol, P. S.

Subjects
Nitrogen Fertilizers, Yields
Abstract

This article 'Effect of Different Sources and Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Rice Grain Yield' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

Published
1983
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