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COVID pandemic has massively hit every nook of the world. Millions of people were infected and lost their lives to the deadly pandemic. This novel virus destroyed the essential healthcare service globally. Mass vaccination is the only option to halt the virus transmission. This study aimed to estimate the acceptance of the COVID vaccine among pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers. Method: We followed Cochrane collaboration guidelines and the PRISMA reporting system. Studies were identified through a systematic search of indexed articles in Medline (PubMed), Clinical key, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases until March 10, 2022, 26,995 articles were identified in the initial search and 24 articles were included in the review. Result: Twenty four studies comprise 22,947 pregnant and 11,022 breastfeeding women. About 54% of pregnant women and 59% of breastfeeding mothers intended to take the COVID vaccination. Among the pregnant mothers, 21% with comorbidities, 14% in the first trimester, 34% in the second trimester, and 51% in the third trimester were willing to take the COVID vaccine. Risks of infections and comorbidities were the reasons for acceptance of the COVID vaccine in pregnant women. Similarly, adverse effects and safety concerns were top indicators for the rejection of the COVID vaccine. Conclusion: The acceptance of COVID vaccination among pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers are not satisfactory. Therefore, timely guidance would help to address the negative perceptions of vaccines among pregnant women.

This study aims to bridge the informational gap regarding the clinical and epidemiological aspects of spondylodiscitis in India, addressing the dearth of substantial evidence in this domain. This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital over three years, involving 145 adult patients diagnosed with spondylodiscitis. Among them, 28 (19.3%) had Brucellar spondylodiscitis with a younger mean age of 40.1 years, 76 (52.4%) had tubercular spondylodiscitis with a higher mean age of 50.7 years, and 27 (18.6%) had pyogenic spondylodiscitis. Common symptoms included pain while walking (82.1% Brucellar, 93.4% TB, 77.8% pyogenic), fever (39.3% Brucellar, 38.2% TB, 33.3% pyogenic), and limb weakness (25% Brucellar, 46.1% TB, 66.7% pyogenic). CRP (mg/L) levels were elevated in Brucellar (mean 58.75) and pyogenic (mean 60.4) spondylodiscitis patients, with debridement and decompression performed in 50% Brucellar, 55.3% tubercular, and 70.4% pyogenic patients. The study reveals the clinical and epidemiological aspects of spondylodiscitis in South India, contributing to the enrichment of existing knowledge in diagnosis and management., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Background: Infants who are not exclusively breastfed are more vulnerable to gastroenteritis, respiratory illness, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Mothers who do not breastfeed their infants are at a higher risk of cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence regarding the effectiveness of applying lanolin, aloe vera, and peppermint for alleviating nipple pain and nipple trauma among lactating mothers., Methods: Electronic databases, including PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Clinical Key, were searched for studies published in English from January 2000 to December 2022. Nipple pain and nipple trauma were the primary outcomes analysed, and a meta-analysis was conducted via RevMan v5.4., Results: The reviewed trials involved 1,495 participants from 11 studies, with an average participant age of 29 ± 5 years. The application of lanolin significantly reduced nipple pain and nipple trauma in lactating mothers. The application of peppermint significantly reduced nipple trauma in lactating mothers., Conclusion: The application of lanolin or peppermint is a beneficial preventive intervention for reducing nipple trauma and pain., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethical approval This review protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023407225). Author agreement We, the undersigned, declare that this manuscript is original, has not been published before, and is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere. Competing interests No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex and Asexual (LGBTQIA+) people struggle to identify a healthcare service that understands their problems and needs. Additionally, healthcare professionals also find it difficult to care for LGBTQIA+ as very little is studied or heard about management. The article presents a protocol for a pilot study aimed at the development of an LGBTQIA+ care curriculum for health science professionals. The study includes Phase I: The development of a curriculum based on a literature review and focus group discussion among LGBTQIA+ individuals, and Phase II: Pilot testing of LGBTQIA+ care curriculum. The study outcome will reflect the improvement in the knowledge of healthcare professionals on LGBTQIA+ care., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2024 Pai MS et al.)

Background: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission causes significant distress that can hinder the successful transition into parenthood, child-parent relations, and child development., Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to understand parental psychological phenomena. Here we assessed the emotional response of parents of newborns during NICU admission., Methods: Two authors independently searched the PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Clinical Key, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between January 01, 2004, and December 31, 2021. The review followed Cochrane collaboration guidelines and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) statement. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Stata software (version 16) was used to compute the results., Results: This review comprised 6,822 parents (5,083 mothers, 1,788 fathers; age range, 18-37 years) of NICU patients. The gestational ages and neonatal weights were 25.5-42 weeks and 750-2,920 g, respectively. The pooled prevalence of anxiety was higher among mothers (effect size [ES], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-0.61; and heterogeneity [I2]=97.1%; P<0.001) than among fathers (ES, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11-0.42; I2=96.6%; P<0.001). Further, the pooled prevalence of depression was higher among mothers (ES, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.24-0.38; I2=91.5%; P<0.001) than among fathers (ES, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03-0.22; I2=85.6%; P<0.001). Similarly, the pooled prevalence of stress was higher among mothers (ES, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.31-0.51; I2= 93.9%; P<0.001) than among fathers (ES, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.09-0.34; I2=85.2%; P<0.001)., Conclusion: NICU admission is more stressful for mothers than fathers and can affect mental health and quality of life. Mothers reported a higher pooled prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression than fathers, possibly attributable to their feelings about birthing a sick child.

Congenital anomalies, congenital malformations, or birth defects can be defined as any structural or functional anomalies that develop prenatally and could be identified before, at birth, or later in life. Approximately 6% of babies are born with a congenital anomaly, which results in 2.4 million newborn deaths worldwide. This systematic review and meta-analysis ascertained the quantitative studies published in PubMed, ClinicalKey, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Two authors independently screened and extracted the data from the primary studies that analyzed the efficacy of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on the postoperative outcome. This systematic review and meta-analysis adopted Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The methodological quality of trials was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. Six trials, representing 488 children, with age ranging from 10 days to 6.5 years, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. EEN has significantly shortened hospital stay, induced early fecal movement, and reduced postoperative wound infections in children with congenital gastrointestinal abnormalities undergoing gastrointestinal anastomosis compared with children who received late enteral nutrition. The review also found that the experimental group who received EEN had no significant impact on the anastomosis leakage, vomiting, and abdominal distension. EEN has some positive effects on postsurgery outcomes among children with congenital gastrointestinal anomalies undergoing gastrointestinal anastomosis., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Background: Probiotics are non-invasive therapies composed of live bacteria and yeast. Administration of prebiotics improved the health status of pregnant and lactating women, as well as newborns. This review aimed to appraise the evidence concerning the effectiveness of probiotics on the mental health of pregnant women, lactating mother and the microbiota of the newborn., Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis ascertained quantitative studies published in Medline (PubMed), Clinical Key, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the Cochrane Library, and Google scholar. Two authors independently screened and extracted the data from the primary studies that analysed the efficacy of probiotics on the mental health of pregnant and lactating women and the microbiota of the newborn. We adopted Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The qualities of included trials were assessed by Cochrane collaboration's risk of bias tool (ROB-2)., Results: Sixteen trials comprised 946 pregnant women, 524 were lactating mothers, and 1678 were infants. The sample size of primary studies ranged from 36 to 433. Probiotics were administered as interventions, using either a single strain of Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus or a double-strain combination of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Probiotics supplementation reduced anxiety in pregnant (n = 676, standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.28,0.30, P = 0.04, I 2  = 70) and lactating women (n = 514, SMD = -0.17; 95% CI = -1.62,1.27, P = 0.98, I 2  = 0). Similarly, probiotics decreased depression in pregnant (n = 298, SMD = 0.05; 95% CI = -0.24,0.35, P = 0.20, I 2  = 40) and lactating women (n = 518, SMD = -0.10; 95% CI = -1.29,-1.05, P = 0.11, I 2  = 60%). Similarly, probiotics supplementation improved the gut microbiota and reduced the duration of crying, abdominal distension, abdominal colic and diarrhoea., Conclusion: Non-invasive probiotic therapies are more useful to pregnant and lactating women and newborns., Registration: The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022372126)., Competing Interests: Disclosure of interest: The authors completed the ICMJE Disclosure of Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and disclose no relevant interests., (Copyright © 2023 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved.)

Background: Vaccination against COVID 19 and observing COVID appropriate behavior are effective measures to control, manage and prevent COVID-19 infection. With India starting its adolescent vaccination program, this study aimed to explore the adolescents' perception of vaccination, their COVID-appropriate behavior, compliance with two doses of COVID-19 vaccines and the experienced side effects following vaccination., Methods: A longitudinal survey was conducted among 440 adolescents visiting the COVID Vaccination Center (CVC) of a tertiary hospital in West Bengal. In the survey, adolescents were asked about family socio-demographic characteristics, their opinions on COVID-19 vaccines, and COVID-19 Appropriate Behavior (CAB) practices. Voluntary participants were given a questionnaire to fill and a telephonic interview was taken regarding side effects experienced following the vaccination and their compliance to both doses of vaccine., Results: The majority of adolescents (99.3%) had taken vaccines by their own wish. The reason for willingness to take the vaccine was the fear of being infected with COVID-19 infection (50.5%). Maximum adolescents got information regarding the COVID vaccination program through the internet (41.8%) followed by family members (30.5%). The majority of adolescents (70.9%) had a good perception of COVID-19 vaccination. A significant number of adolescents (44.8%) strongly disagreed with the statement that they don't need to follow COVID appropriate behavior after vaccination., Conclusion: The majority of adolescents had a good perception regarding COVID-19., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of INDIACLEN.)

Introduction: The congenital cardiac diseases (CHDs) are the leading cause of death in children. The CHDs detection and management have greatly improved over the past few decades. This review aimed to assess the effectiveness of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on postoperative outcomes in infants undergoing congenital cardiac surgery. Methods: Electronic databases PubMed, Clinical Key, UpToDate, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published in the English language, between 2004 and 2021. This review carried out based on PRISMA statement and studies qualities assessed using "Downs and Black score". Hospital stay, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, mechanical ventilation support, aortic cross clamping and cardiopulmonary bypass were as primary outcomes. Similarly infections, vomiting and mortality were as secondary outcomes of included studies. Results: This review consists of 887 infants from 10 studies. Of these, 470 infants were assigned to the intervention group and 417 to the control group. The post-operative hospital stay shorted in the EEN group than the control group (SMD=-0.63, 95% CI: -1.03 to -0.22, P=0.0, I 2 =87%). Similarly, EEN group lessen the ICU stay (SMD=-0.15, 95% CI: -0.42, 0.11, P =0.0, I 2 =71%), mechanical ventilation support (SMD=-0.31, 95% CI: -0.51, -08, P =0.08, I 2 =47%), aortic cross clamping (SMD=-0.92, 95% CI: -0.31, 2.4, P =0.00, I 2 =96%), and cardiopulmonary bypass (SMD=-0.0, 95% CI: -0.42 to 43, P =0.00, I 2 =71%). Secondary postoperative complications such as infections (RR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.43 to 1.08, P =0.40, I 2 =3%). vomiting (RR=1.47, 95% CI: 0.80 to 2.69, P =0.90, I 2 =0%) and postoperative mortality (RR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.03 to 5.82, P =0.00: I 2 =80%) significantly reduced. Conclusion: Postoperative outcomes were improved in the intervention group compared to the control group, including shorter hospital stays, ICU stays, mechanical ventilation, and less postoperative complications., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest in this study., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Objective: A wide variety of mouth rinses are available to combat micro-organisms in the oral cavity. At the present global pandemic, the need of the hour is to control the viral infection due to the novel corona virus SARS-COV-2, as its port of entry is through the receptors located in the oral and pharyngeal mucosa. This systematic literature review focuses on the in vivo studies [randomized control trials (RCTs)] done on the efficacy of existing mouth rinses which have been used in reducing the viral loads., Methods: The electronic database which includes PubMed-MEDLINE, Google scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, ProQuest and CINAHL was searched from December 2019 to June 2021 with appropriate Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and Boolean operators. Two reviewers independently reviewed the abstracts., Results: Of the 2438 retrieved titles, 905 remained after removing duplicates. Twelve articles were eligible to be included in this review of which seven were randomized with adequate sample size., Conclusions: Mouth washes containing povidone iodine and chlorhexidine decrease the viral load transiently. Large amount of in vivo studies are of paramount importance, especially RCTs, to prove the efficacy of these mouth rinses., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S . Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This evidence and gap map will provide an overview of the existing systematic reviews and impact evaluations on the key outcome domains and interventions aimed at improving social protection among people living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The specific objectives of this map are to: (1) Develop a clear framework of types of interventions and outcomes related to the effectiveness of interventions on social protection for people in LMICs. (2) Map available systematic reviews and primary studies on the effectiveness of interventions on social protection for people in LMICs. (3) Provide a structured and accessible collection of existing evidence and identifying gaps in the available evidence on social protection intervention, thereby helping to inform the research agendas of funders and other organisations., (© 2021 The Authors. Campbell Systematic Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Campbell Collaboration.)

Background: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes infection in hospitals and communities. The prevalence and risk factors of MRSA infection is not homogenous across the globe., Objective: To find the risk factors of MRSA infection among hospitalized patients., Methods: Cross-sectional case control study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in India. The risk factors were collected using checklist from 130 MRSA and 130 Methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infected patients. The pathogens were isolated from the wound swabs according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines., Results: Both the groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, diabetic status, undergoing invasive procedures, urinary catheterization and smoking (p>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression revealed surgical treatment (OR 4.355; CI 1.03, 18.328; p=0.045), prolonged hospitalization (OR 0.307; CI 0.11, 0.832; p=0.020), tracheostomy (OR 5.298, CI 1.16, 24.298; p=0.032), pressure/venous ulcer (OR 7.205; CI 1.75, 29.606; p=0.006) and previous hospitalization (OR 2.883; CI 1.25, 6.631; p=0.013) as significant risk factors for MRSA infection., Conclusion: Surgical treatment, prolonged and history of hospitalization, having tracheostomy for ventilation and pressure/venous ulcer were the key risk factors. Therefore, special attention has to be given to the preventable risk factors while caring for hospitalized patients to prevent MRSA infection., (© 2021 Thimmappa L et al.)