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1. Characterization of intestinal mononuclear phagocyte subsets in young ruminants at homeostasis and during Cryptosporidium parvum infection

Author

Ambre Baillou, Florian Tomal, Thierry Chaumeil, Céline Barc, Yves Levern, Alix Sausset, Tiffany Pezier, Julie Schulthess, Pauline Peltier-Pain, Fabrice Laurent, and Sonia Lacroix-Lamandé

Subjects
mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, ruminants, intestine, Cryptosporidium parvum, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

IntroductionCryptosporidiosis is a poorly controlled zoonosis caused by an intestinal parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum, with a high prevalence in livestock (cattle, sheep, and goats). Young animals are particularly susceptible to this infection due to the immaturity of their intestinal immune system. In a neonatal mouse model, we previously demonstrated the importance of the innate immunity and particularly of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) among mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) in controlling the acute phase of C. parvum infection. These immune populations are well described in mice and humans, but their fine characterization in the intestine of young ruminants remained to be further explored.MethodsImmune cells of the small intestinal Peyer’s patches and of the distal jejunum were isolated from naive lambs and calves at different ages. This was followed by their fine characterization by flow cytometry and transcriptomic analyses (q-RT-PCR and single cell RNAseq (lamb cells)). Newborn animals were infected with C. parvum, clinical signs and parasite burden were quantified, and isolated MP cells were characterized by flow cytometry in comparison with age matched control animals.ResultsHere, we identified one population of macrophages and three subsets of cDC (cDC1, cDC2, and a minor cDC subset with migratory properties) in the intestine of lamb and calf by phenotypic and targeted gene expression analyses. Unsupervised single-cell transcriptomic analysis confirmed the identification of these four intestinal MP subpopulations in lamb, while highlighting a deeper diversity of cell subsets among monocytic and dendritic cells. We demonstrated a weak proportion of cDC1 in the intestine of highly susceptible newborn lambs together with an increase of these cells within the first days of life and in response to the infection.DiscussionConsidering cDC1 importance for efficient parasite control in the mouse model, one may speculate that the cDC1/cDC2 ratio plays also a key role for the efficient control of C. parvum in young ruminants. In this study, we established the first fine characterization of intestinal MP subsets in young lambs and calves providing new insights for comparative immunology of the intestinal MP system across species and for future investigations on host–Cryptosporidium interactions in target species.

Published
2024
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2. In ovo administration of a phage cocktail partially prevents colibacillosis in chicks

Author

Marianne Nicolas, Arnaud Faurie, Mylène Girault, Sébastien Lavillatte, Pierrette Menanteau, Thierry Chaumeil, Mickael Riou, Philippe Velge, and Catherine Schouler

Subjects
avian colibacillosis, prevention, phage cocktail, in ovo, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

ABSTRACT: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis, the main bacterial disease in poultry leading to significant economic losses worldwide. Antibiotic treatments favor the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and preventive measures are insufficient to control the disease. There is increasing interest in using the potential of bacteriophages, not only for phage therapy but also for prevention and biocontrol. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a phage cocktail administered in ovo to prevent avian colibacillosis in chicks. When 4 different phages (REC, ESCO3, ESCO47, and ESCO58), stable under avian physiological conditions, were combined and inoculated at 17 embryogenic days (ED), they were transmitted to the newly hatched chicks. In a second trial, the 4-phage cocktail was inoculated into the allantoic fluid at ED16 and after hatch 1-day-old chicks were challenged with the O2 APEC strain BEN4358 inoculated subcutaneously. Two phages (REC and ESCO3) were still detected in the ceca of surviving chicks at the end of the experiment (7-days postinfection). Chicks that received the phages in ovo did not develop colibacillosis lesions and showed a significant decrease in intestinal BEN4358 load (8.00 × 107 CFU/g) compared to the challenged chicks (4.52 × 108 CFU/g). The majority of the reisolated bacteria from the ceca of surviving chicks had developed full resistance to ESCO3 phage, and only 3 were resistant to REC phage. The partially or complete resistance of REC phage induced a considerable cost to bacterial virulence. Here, we showed that phages inoculated in ovo can partially prevent colibacillosis in 1-wk-old chicks. The reduction in the APEC load in the gut and the decreased virulence of some resistant isolates could also contribute to control the disease.

Published
2023
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3. Brucella melitensis Rev.1 vaccination generates a higher shedding risk of the vaccine strain in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) compared to the domestic goat (Capra hircus)

Author

Claire Ponsart, Mickaël Riou, Yann Locatelli, Isabelle Jacques, Alain Fadeau, Maryne Jay, Roland Simon, Ludivine Perrot, Luca Freddi, Sylvain Breton, Thierry Chaumeil, Barbara Blanc, Katia Ortiz, Colin Vion, Damien Rioult, Erwan Quéméré, Pierre Sarradin, Jean-Yves Chollet, Bruno Garin-Bastuji, and Sophie Rossi

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Epidemiological investigations implemented in wild and domestic ruminants evidenced a reservoir for Brucella in Capra ibex in the French Alps. Vaccination was considered as a possible way to control Brucella infection in this wildlife population. Twelve ibexes and twelve goats were allocated into four groups housed separately, each including six males or six non-pregnant females. Four to five animals were vaccinated and one or two animals were contact animals. Half of the animals were necropsied 45 days post-vaccination (pv), and the remaining ones at 90 days pv. Additional samples were collected 20 and 68 days pv to explore bacterial distribution in organs and humoral immunity. Neither clinical signs nor Brucella-specific lesions were observed and all vaccinated animals seroconverted. Brucella distribution and antibody profiles were highly contrasted between both species. Proportion of infected samples was significantly higher in ibex compared to goats and decreased between 45 and 90 days pv. Two male ibex presented urogenital excretion at 20 or 45 days pv. The bacterial load was higher 45 days in ibexes compared to goats, whereas it remained moderate to low 90 days pv in both species with large variability between animals. In this experiment, differences between species remained the main source of variation, with low impact of other individual factors. To conclude, multiplicative and shedding capacity of Rev.1 was much higher in ibex compared to goats within 90 days. These results provide initial information on the potential use in natura of a commercial vaccine.

Published
2019
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4. Host factors determine the evolution of infection with Staphylococcus aureus to gangrenous mastitis in goats

Author

Pascal Rainard, Christophe Gitton, Thierry Chaumeil, Thierry Fassier, Christophe Huau, Mickael Riou, Gwenola Tosser-Klopp, Zuzana Krupova, Anne Chaize, Florence B. Gilbert, Rachel Rupp, and Patrice Martin

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is the major cause of very severe mastitis of dairy goats. The initial objective of our study was to fine-tune an experimental model of infection of the goat mammary gland with two strains of S. aureus and two lines of goats (low and high somatic cell score lines). Following the challenge, the 10 infected goats divided in two clear-cut severity groups, independently of the S. aureus strain and the goat line. Five goats developed very severe mastitis (of which four were gangrenous) characterized by uncontrolled infection (UI group), whereas the other five kept the infection under control (CI group). The outcome of the infection was determined by 18 h post-infection (hpi), as heralded by the bacterial milk concentration at 18 hpi: more than 107/mL in the UI group, about 106/mL in the CI group. Leukocyte recruitment and composition did not differ between the groups, but the phagocytic killing at 18 hpi efficiency did. Contributing factors involved milk concentrations of α-toxin and LukMF′ leukotoxin, but not early expression of the genes encoding the pentraxin PTX3, the cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β, and the chemokines IL-8 and CCL5. Concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-22 rose sharply in the milk of UI goats when infection was out of control. The results indicate that defenses mobilized by the mammary gland at an early stage of infection were essential to prevent staphylococci from reaching critical concentrations. Staphylococcal exotoxin production appeared to be a consequent event inducing the evolution to gangrenous mastitis.

Published
2018
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5. Two In Vivo Models to Study Salmonella Asymptomatic Carrier State in Chicks

Author

Philippe, Velge, Pierrette, Menanteau, Thierry, Chaumeil, Emilie, Barilleau, Jérôme, Trotereau, and Isabelle, Virlogeux-Payant

Subjects
Salmonella Infections, Animal, Salmonella enteritidis, Reinfection, Carrier State, Animals, Chickens, Poultry Diseases
Abstract

In chicken, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium, the two main serotypes isolated in human infections, can persist in the host organism for many weeks and up to many years without causing any symptoms. This persistence generally occurs after a short systemic infection that may either lead to death of very young birds or develop into cecal asymptomatic persistence, which is often accompanied by a high level of bacterial excretion, facilitating Salmonella transmission to counterparts. Here we describe two models of chick infection. The first model reproduces well the poultry infection in farm flocks. Numerous reinfections and animal-animal recontaminations occur leading to a high level of cecal colonization and fecal excretion in all chicks in the flock, over several weeks. In the second model, these animal reinfections and recontaminations are hampered leading to heterogeneity of infection characterized by the presence of low and super-shedders. This model allows for more mechanistic studies of Salmonella/chicks interactions as animal recontaminations are lowered.

Published
2022

6. Microbiota and stress: a loop that impacts memory

Author

Olivier Zemb, Sylvie Rabot, Hugues Dardente, Céline Parias, Florent Kempf, Anaïs Vitorino Carvalho, Catherine Philippe, Thierry Chaumeil, Marie-Pierre Moisan, Vincent Coustham, Philippe Velge, Aline Foury, Ludovic Calandreau, Narjis Kraimi, Julie Lemarchand, Karine Germain, Christine Leterrier, Flore Lormant, Paul Constantin, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques (UE EASM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Coturnix, Gut flora, Anxiety, Stress, digestive system, 03 medical and health sciences, Basal (phylogenetics), 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Cognition, Memory, Stress (linguistics), Altered microbiota, Animals, Chronic stress, Alistipes, Biological Psychiatry, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Memory Disorders, biology, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Microbiota, Microbiota-gut-brain axis, biology.organism_classification, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Psychiatry and Mental health, Immunology, Plasma corticosterone, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Corticosterone, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Function (biology)
Abstract

Chronic stress and the gut microbiota appear to comprise a feed-forward loop, which contributes to the development of depressive disorders. Evidence suggests that memory can also be impaired by either chronic stress or microbiota imbalance. However, it remains to be established whether these could be a part of an integrated loop model and be responsible for memory impairments. To shed light on this, we used a two-pronged approach in Japanese quail: first stress-induced alterations in gut microbiota were characterized, then we tested whether this altered microbiota could affect brain and memory function when transferred to a germ-free host. The cecal microbiota of chronically stressed quails was found to be significantly different from that of unstressed individuals with lower α and β diversities and increased Bacteroidetes abundance largely represented by the Alistipes genus, a well-known stress target in rodents and humans. The transfer of this altered microbiota into germ-free quails decreased their spatial and cue-based memory abilities as previously demonstrated in the stressed donors. The recipients also displayed increased anxiety-like behavior, reduced basal plasma corticosterone levels and differential gene expression in the brain. Furthermore, cecal microbiota transfer from a chronically stressed individual was sufficient to mimic the adverse impact of chronic stress on memory in recipient hosts and this action may be related to the Alistipes genus. Our results provide evidence of a feed-forward loop system linking the microbiota-gut-brain axis to stress and memory function and suggest that maintaining a healthy microbiota could help alleviate memory impairments linked to chronic stress. Availability of data and materials The datasets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request and they are available at https://doi.org/10.15454/JYITK4 .

Published
2021

7. Microbiota and stress: a loop that impacts memory

Author

Christele Dupont, Florent Kempf, Sylvie Rabot, Christine Leterrier, Vincent Coustham, Ludovic Calandreau, Flore Lormant, Aline Foury, Marie-Pierre Moisan, Anais Vitorino Carvalho, Patrice Cousin, Paul Constantin, Hugues Dardente, Thierry Chaumeil, Julie Lemarchand, Céline Parias, Catherine Philippe, Narjis Kraimi, Karine Germain, Olivier Zemb, and Philippe Velge

Subjects
Basal (phylogenetics), biology.animal, Altered microbiota, Immunology, Gene expression, Chronic stress, Biology, Gut flora, Alistipes, biology.organism_classification, digestive system, Function (biology), Quail
Abstract

Chronic stress and the gut microbiota appear to comprise a feed-forward loop, which contributes to the development of depressive disorders. Evidence suggests that memory can also be impaired by either chronic stress or microbiota imbalance. However, it remains to be established whether these could be a part of an integrated loop model and be responsible for memory impairments. To shed light on this, we used a two-pronged approach in Japanese quail: first stress-induced alterations in gut microbiota were characterized, then we tested whether this altered microbiota could affect brain and memory function when transferred to a germ-free host. The cecal microbiota of chronically stressed quails was found to be significantly different from that of unstressed individuals with lower α and β diversities and increased Bacteroidetes abundance largely represented by the Alistipes genus, a well-known stress target in rodents and humans. The transfer of this altered microbiota into germ-free quails decreased their spatial and cue-based memory abilities as previously demonstrated in the stressed donors. The recipients also displayed increased anxiety-like behavior, reduced basal plasma corticosterone levels and differential gene expression in the brain. Furthermore, cecal microbiota transfer from a chronically stressed individual was sufficient to mimic the adverse impact of chronic stress on memory in recipient hosts and this action may be related to the Alistipes genus. Our results provide evidence of a feed-forward loop system linking the microbiota-gut-brain axis to stress and memory function and suggest that maintaining a healthy microbiota could help alleviate memory impairments linked to chronic stress.

Published
2021

8. Characterization of the intestinal mononuclear phagocytic cells in the intestine of the lamb to better understand the immune response against Cryptosporidium parvum

Author

Ambre Baillou, Thierry Chaumeil, Céline Barc, Yves Le Vern, Alix Sausset, Schulthess, J., Pauline Peltier-Pain, Sonia Lacroix-Lamandé, Fabrice Laurent, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology
Abstract

International audience; Cryptosporidiosis is a poorly controlled zoonosis caused by the intestinal infection by a protozoan parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum (Cp), presenting a high prevalence in ruminant farms (cattle, sheep, goats). Young animals with an immature intestinal immune system are particularly susceptible to this infection. In a neonatal mouse model, we previously demonstrated the key role of innate immunity and in particular of CD11c+CD103+CD11b- dendritic cell (DC) subset incontrolling the acute phase of Cp infection [1]. During infection, in response to chemokine production by infected epithelial cells, newly recruited CD11c+CD103+CD11b- DC produce IL12 and IFNγ contributing to the elimination process of the parasite. According to the current common classification of DC in different species (human, mouse, pig, sheep, and chicken), this subpopulation can be identified as the cDC1 subset of conventional DC. The aim of this project was to better characterize intestinal DC subpopulations in lamb and to determine their role during Cp infection. As in the mouse model, the parasite invades and multiplies mainly in the ileum of young lambs. However, a peculiarity of young ruminants is the presence of a large ileal Peyer’s patch (lymphoid tissue) that extends all along the ileum. We characterized in various compartments of the lamb small intestine (lymphoid and non-lymphoid) the various mononuclear phagocyte populations by performing a phenotypic and functional analysis by flow cytometry and transcriptomic methods respectively. We followed the evolution of the cell subsets according to the age of the animals and during Cp infection. This work represents the first fine description of mononuclear phagocyte cell subsets in the small intestine of young lambs at homeostasis and during the course of C. parvum infection.

Published
2021

10. Sélection génétique pour la résistance aux maladies : projets et avancées

Author

Mélanie Gunia, Merina Shrestha, Elodie Balmisse, Bertrand Bed'Hom, Stéphane Bertagnoli, Samuel Boucher, Sylvain Breton, Emilie Chambellon, Thierry Chaumeil, Fabien Coisne, Ingrid David, Jean-Jacques David, Edouard Guitton, Virginie Helies, Jacques Hurtaud, Florent Kempf, Isabelle Lantier, Sébastien Lavillate, Dominique Le Creu, Guillaume Lenoir, Bernadette Le Normand, Coralie Marais, Mickaël Maupin, Hervé Morin, Charles Poncet, Sébastien Pujol, Raphaël Robert, Christelle Rossignol, Julien Ruesche, Fanny Sarce, Colomba Thiebot, Emmanuelle Helloin, Frederic Lantier, Hervé Garreau, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Pôle d'Expérimentation Cunicole TOULousain (PECTOUL ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Labovet Conseil, Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Hycole Sarl, Hypharm, Clinical Innovation Proteomic Platform, Partenaires INRAE, VeLVet, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), Filavie SAS, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Eurolap, Institut Carnot, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
sélection, génétique, résistance au maladie, bien être animal, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2018

11. Premiers résultats du projet RELAPA : génomique pour la résistance génétique des lapins à la pasteurellose

Author

Mélanie Gunia, Frederic Lantier, Jean-Marc Babilliot, Elodie Balmisse, Bertrand Bed'Hom, Elodie Belmonte, Stéphane Bertagnoli, Samuel Boucher, Sylvain Breton, Emilie Chambellon, Thierry Chaumeil, Fabien Coisne, Rémi Delaunay, Alain Fadeau, Edouard Guitton, Virginie Helies, Jacques Hurtaud, Deborah Jardet, Florent Kempf, Isabelle Lantier, Sébastien Lavillatte, Dominique Le Cren, Guillaume Lenoir, Bernadette Le Normand, Coralie Marais, Mickaël Maupin, Hervé Morin, Charles Poncet, Sébastien Pujol, Raphaël Robert, Christelle Rossignol, Julien Ruesche, Fanny Sarce, Colomba Thiebot, Emmanuelle Helloin, Herve Garreau, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Pôle d'Expérimentation Cunicole TOULousain (PECTOUL ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), LABOVET Conseil, Réseau Cristal, Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Hycole Sarl, Laboratoire de Touraine, Hypharm, Comité Lapin Interprofessionnel pour la Promotion des Produits Français (CLIPP), VeLVet, Filavie SAS, Eurolap, Institut Technique de l'Aviculture et des Elevages de Petits Animaux (ITAVI). FRA., Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique - IASP (Nouzilly, France), UE 1322 Pôle d'Expérimentation Cunicole TOULousain, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Pôle d'Expérimentation Cunicole TOULousain (PECTOUL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE - INRA UE 1277), and HYCOLE

Subjects
pasteurella multocida, pasteurellose, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], genetic variability, variabilité génétique, rabbit, résistance, lapin, résistance génétique, génétique, génomique
Abstract

Session : Génétique Participation à cette étude : Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE) UE 1277 - Nouzilly Centre Inra Val de LoireSession : GénétiqueParticipation à cette étude : Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE) UE 1277 - Nouzilly Centre Inra Val de Loire; La pasteurellose est la première cause de mortalité des femelles en élevage cunicole. Le projet RELAPA (Génomique pour la REsistance génétique des LApins à la PAsteurellose) a pour objectif de mettre en évidence des régions du génome associées à la réponse à la pasteurellose. Pour ce faire, 955 lapins ont été inoculés à 6 semaines d’âge avec une souche de Pasteurella multocida pyogène et suivis pendant 14 jours. La réponse des animaux était très variable, avec 7% de lapins résistants (sans aucun symptôme de pasteurellose et sans Pasteurella multocida détectée dans les organes) et 11% d’animaux très sensibles (morts ou euthanasiés pendant l’essai avec des Pasteurella multocida détectées). L’effet du père sur les caractères mesurés est très significatif, ce qui laisse présager l’existence d’une variabilité génétique importante dans la résistance à la pasteurellose.

Published
2017

12. Characterization of intestinal macrophages and dendritic cell subsets in neonatal lambs at homeostasis and following Cryptosporidium parvum infection

Author

Ambre Baillou, Thierry Chaumeil, Céline Barc, Yves Levern, Alix Sausset, Julie Schulthess, Pauline Peltier-Pain, Sonia Lacroix-Lamandé, Fabrice Laurent, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, and Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Cryptosporidium parvum, dendritic cell, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lamb, macrophage
Abstract

International audience; Cryptosporidiosis is a poorly controlled zoonosis caused by an intestinal parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum (Cp), with a high prevalence in livestock (cattle, sheep, goats). Young animals are particularly susceptible to this infection due to the immaturity of their intestinal immune system. In a neonatal mouse model, we previously demonstrated the importance of the innate immunity and in particular of CD11c+CD103+CD11b-conventional dendritic cells (cDC) among mononuclear phagocytes (MP) in controlling the acute phase of Cp infection. During infection, in response to chemokine production by infected epithelial cells, newly recruited cDCs produce IL12 and IFNγ contributing to the elimination of the parasite. According to the well-established mouse cDC classification, this Batf3+DC subpopulation corresponds to the cDC1 subset. The aim of this project was to better characterize intestinal MP subpopulations in neonatal lamb and calf at homeostasis and during Cp infection. As in the mouse model, the parasite invades and multiplies mainly in the ileum of animals. However, a peculiarity of young ruminants is the presence of a large ileal Peyer’s patch (lymphoid tissue) that extends all along the ileum. MP were therefore analyzed in lymphoid and non-lymphoid intestinal tissues of lambs and claves. We performed phenotypic and functional analyses of mononuclear phagocytes by flow cytometry and by transcriptomic methods (FLUIDIGM®) respectively, in the distal jejunum, jejunal and ileal Peyer’s patches. We characterized a population of macrophages and three subpopulations of cDC. We demonstrated that the subset identified as cDC1, according to the current common classification of cDC in different species (human, mouse, pig, sheep and chicken), increases with the age of animal. This might be linked with the decrease in sensitivity to C. parvum observed with the age. We are currently investigating the evolution of cDC1 subset during C. parvum infection.

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