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1. Lake salinization drives consistent losses of zooplankton abundance and diversity across coordinated mesocosm experiments

Author

Hébert, Marie‐Pier, Symons, Celia C, Cañedo‐Argüelles, Miguel, Arnott, Shelley E, Derry, Alison M, Fugère, Vincent, Hintz, William D, Melles, Stephanie J, Astorg, Louis, Baker, Henry K, Brentrup, Jennifer A, Downing, Amy L, Ersoy, Zeynep, Espinosa, Carmen, Franceschini, Jaclyn M, Giorgio, Angelina T, Göbeler, Norman, Gray, Derek K, Greco, Danielle, Hassal, Emily, Huynh, Mercedes, Hylander, Samuel, Jonasen, Kacie L, Kirkwood, Andrea, Langenheder, Silke, Langvall, Ola, Laudon, Hjalmar, Lind, Lovisa, Lundgren, Maria, McClymont, Alexandra, Proia, Lorenzo, Relyea, Rick A, Rusak, James A, Schuler, Matthew S, Searle, Catherine L, Shurin, Jonathan B, Steiner, Christopher F, Striebel, Maren, Thibodeau, Simon, Cordero, Pablo Urrutia, Vendrell‐Puigmitja, Lidia, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A, and Beisner, Beatrix E

Subjects
Life Below Water
Abstract

Human-induced salinization increasingly threatens inland waters; yet we know little about the multifaceted response of lake communities to salt contamination. By conducting a coordinated mesocosm experiment of lake salinization across 16 sites in North America and Europe, we quantified the response of zooplankton abundance and (taxonomic and functional) community structure to a broad gradient of environmentally relevant chloride concentrations, ranging from 4 to ca. 1400 mg Cl− L−1. We found that crustaceans were distinctly more sensitive to elevated chloride than rotifers; yet, rotifers did not show compensatory abundance increases in response to crustacean declines. For crustaceans, our among-site comparisons indicate: (1) highly consistent decreases in abundance and taxon richness with salinity; (2) widespread chloride sensitivity across major taxonomic groups (Cladocera, Cyclopoida, and Calanoida); and (3) weaker loss of functional than taxonomic diversity. Overall, our study demonstrates that aggregate properties of zooplankton communities can be adversely affected at chloride concentrations relevant to anthropogenic salinization in lakes.

Published
2023

2. Current water quality guidelines across North America and Europe do not protect lakes from salinization

Author

Hintz, William D, Arnott, Shelley E, Symons, Celia C, Greco, Danielle A, McClymont, Alexandra, Brentrup, Jennifer A, Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel, Derry, Alison M, Downing, Amy L, Gray, Derek K, Melles, Stephanie J, Relyea, Rick A, Rusak, James A, Searle, Catherine L, Astorg, Louis, Baker, Henry K, Beisner, Beatrix E, Cottingham, Kathryn L, Ersoy, Zeynep, Espinosa, Carmen, Franceschini, Jaclyn, Giorgio, Angelina T, Göbeler, Norman, Hassal, Emily, Hébert, Marie-Pier, Huynh, Mercedes, Hylander, Samuel, Jonasen, Kacie L, Kirkwood, Andrea E, Langenheder, Silke, Langvall, Ola, Laudon, Hjalmar, Lind, Lovisa, Lundgren, Maria, Proia, Lorenzo, Schuler, Matthew S, Shurin, Jonathan B, Steiner, Christopher F, Striebel, Maren, Thibodeau, Simon, Urrutia-Cordero, Pablo, Vendrell-Puigmitja, Lidia, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A

Subjects
Life on Land, Animals, Anthropogenic Effects, Ecosystem, Europe, Guidelines as Topic, Lakes, North America, Salinity, Water Quality, Zooplankton, biodiversity, climate change, environmental policy, land use, water quality
Abstract

Human-induced salinization caused by the use of road deicing salts, agricultural practices, mining operations, and climate change is a major threat to the biodiversity and functioning of freshwater ecosystems. Yet, it is unclear if freshwater ecosystems are protected from salinization by current water quality guidelines. Leveraging an experimental network of land-based and in-lake mesocosms across North America and Europe, we tested how salinization-indicated as elevated chloride (Cl-) concentration-will affect lake food webs and if two of the lowest Cl- thresholds found globally are sufficient to protect these food webs. Our results indicated that salinization will cause substantial zooplankton mortality at the lowest Cl- thresholds established in Canada (120 mg Cl-/L) and the United States (230 mg Cl-/L) and throughout Europe where Cl- thresholds are generally higher. For instance, at 73% of our study sites, Cl- concentrations that caused a ≥50% reduction in cladoceran abundance were at or below Cl- thresholds in Canada, in the United States, and throughout Europe. Similar trends occurred for copepod and rotifer zooplankton. The loss of zooplankton triggered a cascading effect causing an increase in phytoplankton biomass at 47% of study sites. Such changes in lake food webs could alter nutrient cycling and water clarity and trigger declines in fish production. Current Cl- thresholds across North America and Europe clearly do not adequately protect lake food webs. Water quality guidelines should be developed where they do not exist, and there is an urgent need to reassess existing guidelines to protect lake ecosystems from human-induced salinization.

Published
2022

3. Lake salinization drives consistent losses of zooplankton abundance and diversity across coordinated mesocosm experiments

Author

Hebert, Marie-Pier, Symons, Celia C., Canedo-Arguelles, Miguel, Arnott, Shelley E., Derry, Alison M., Fugere, Vincent, Hintz, William D., Melles, Stephanie J., Astorg, Louis, Baker, Henry K., Brentrup, Jennifer A., Downing, Amy L., Ersoy, Zeynep, Espinosa, Carmen, Franceschini, Jaclyn M., Giorgio, Angelina T., Göbeler, Norman, Gray, Derek K., Greco, Danielle, Hassal, Emily, Huynh, Mercedes, Hylander, Samuel, Jonasen, Kacie L., Kirkwood, Andrea, Langenheder, Silke, Langvall, Ola, Laudon, Hjalmar, Lind, Lovisa, Lundgren, Maria, McClymont, Alexandra, Proia, Lorenzo, Relyea, Rick A., Rusak, James A., Schuler, Matthew S., Searle, Catherine L., Shurin, Jonathan B., Steiner, Christopher F., Striebel, Maren, Thibodeau, Simon, Cordero, Pablo Urrutia, Vendrell-Puigmitja, Lidia, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Beisner, Beatrix E., Hebert, Marie-Pier, Symons, Celia C., Canedo-Arguelles, Miguel, Arnott, Shelley E., Derry, Alison M., Fugere, Vincent, Hintz, William D., Melles, Stephanie J., Astorg, Louis, Baker, Henry K., Brentrup, Jennifer A., Downing, Amy L., Ersoy, Zeynep, Espinosa, Carmen, Franceschini, Jaclyn M., Giorgio, Angelina T., Göbeler, Norman, Gray, Derek K., Greco, Danielle, Hassal, Emily, Huynh, Mercedes, Hylander, Samuel, Jonasen, Kacie L., Kirkwood, Andrea, Langenheder, Silke, Langvall, Ola, Laudon, Hjalmar, Lind, Lovisa, Lundgren, Maria, McClymont, Alexandra, Proia, Lorenzo, Relyea, Rick A., Rusak, James A., Schuler, Matthew S., Searle, Catherine L., Shurin, Jonathan B., Steiner, Christopher F., Striebel, Maren, Thibodeau, Simon, Cordero, Pablo Urrutia, Vendrell-Puigmitja, Lidia, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., and Beisner, Beatrix E.

Abstract

Human-induced salinization increasingly threatens inland waters; yet we know little about the multifaceted response of lake communities to salt contamination. By conducting a coordinated mesocosm experiment of lake salinization across 16 sites in North America and Europe, we quantified the response of zooplankton abundance and (taxonomic and functional) community structure to a broad gradient of environmentally relevant chloride concentrations, ranging from 4 to ca. 1400 mg Cl- L-1. We found that crustaceans were distinctly more sensitive to elevated chloride than rotifers; yet, rotifers did not show compensatory abundance increases in response to crustacean declines. For crustaceans, our among-site comparisons indicate: (1) highly consistent decreases in abundance and taxon richness with salinity; (2) widespread chloride sensitivity across major taxonomic groups (Cladocera, Cyclopoida, and Calanoida); and (3) weaker loss of functional than taxonomic diversity. Overall, our study demonstrates that aggregate properties of zooplankton communities can be adversely affected at chloride concentrations relevant to anthropogenic salinization in lakes.

Published
2023
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4. Widespread variation in salt tolerance within freshwater zooplankton species reduces the predictability of community-level salt tolerance

Author

Arnott, Shelley E., Fugère, Vincent, Symons, Celia C., Melles, Stephanie J., Beisner, Beatrix E., Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel, Hébert, Marie-Pier, Brentrup, Jennifer A., Downing, Amy L., Gray, Derek K., Greco, Danielle, Hintz, William D., McClymont, Alexandra, Relyea, Rick A., Rusak, James A., Searle, Catherine L., Astorg, Louis, Baker, Henry K., Ersoy, Zeynep, Espinosa, Carmen, Franceschini, Jaclyn M., Giorgio, Angelina T., Göbeler, Norman, Hassal, Emily, Huynh, Mercedes, Hylander, Samuel, Jonasen, Kacie L., Kirkwood, Andrea, Langenheder, Silke, Langvall, Ola, Laudon, Hjalmar, Lind, Lovisa, Lundgren, Maria, Moffett, Emma R., Proia, Lorenzo, Schuler, Matthew S., Shurin, Jonathan B., Steiner, Christopher F., Striebel, Maren, Thibodeau, Simon, Urrutia Cordero, Pablo, Vendrell-Puigmitja, Lidia, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Derry, Alison M., Arnott, Shelley E., Fugère, Vincent, Symons, Celia C., Melles, Stephanie J., Beisner, Beatrix E., Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel, Hébert, Marie-Pier, Brentrup, Jennifer A., Downing, Amy L., Gray, Derek K., Greco, Danielle, Hintz, William D., McClymont, Alexandra, Relyea, Rick A., Rusak, James A., Searle, Catherine L., Astorg, Louis, Baker, Henry K., Ersoy, Zeynep, Espinosa, Carmen, Franceschini, Jaclyn M., Giorgio, Angelina T., Göbeler, Norman, Hassal, Emily, Huynh, Mercedes, Hylander, Samuel, Jonasen, Kacie L., Kirkwood, Andrea, Langenheder, Silke, Langvall, Ola, Laudon, Hjalmar, Lind, Lovisa, Lundgren, Maria, Moffett, Emma R., Proia, Lorenzo, Schuler, Matthew S., Shurin, Jonathan B., Steiner, Christopher F., Striebel, Maren, Thibodeau, Simon, Urrutia Cordero, Pablo, Vendrell-Puigmitja, Lidia, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., and Derry, Alison M.

Abstract

The salinization of freshwaters is a global threat to aquatic biodiversity. We quantified variation in chloride (Cl−) tolerance of 19 freshwater zooplankton species in four countries to answer three questions: (1) How much variation in Cl− tolerance is present among populations? (2) What factors predict intraspecific variation in Cl− tolerance? (3) Must we account for intraspecific variation to accurately predict community Cl− tolerance? We conducted field mesocosm experiments at 16 sites and compiled acute LC50s from published laboratory studies. We found high variation in LC50s for Cl− tolerance in multiple species, which, in the experiment, was only explained by zooplankton community composition. Variation in species-LC50 was high enough that at 45% of lakes, community response was not predictable based on species tolerances measured at other sites. This suggests that water quality guidelines should be based on multiple populations and communities to account for large intraspecific variation in Cl− tolerance.

Published
2023
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5. Widespread variation in salt tolerance within freshwater zooplankton species reduces the predictability of community‐level salt tolerance

Author

Arnott, Shelley E., primary, Fugère, Vincent, additional, Symons, Celia C., additional, Melles, Stephanie J., additional, Beisner, Beatrix E., additional, Cañedo‐Argüelles, Miguel, additional, Hébert, Marie‐Pier, additional, Brentrup, Jennifer A., additional, Downing, Amy L., additional, Gray, Derek K., additional, Greco, Danielle, additional, Hintz, William D., additional, McClymont, Alexandra, additional, Relyea, Rick A., additional, Rusak, James A., additional, Searle, Catherine L., additional, Astorg, Louis, additional, Baker, Henry K., additional, Ersoy, Zeynep, additional, Espinosa, Carmen, additional, Franceschini, Jaclyn M., additional, Giorgio, Angelina T., additional, Göbeler, Norman, additional, Hassal, Emily, additional, Huynh, Mercedes, additional, Hylander, Samuel, additional, Jonasen, Kacie L., additional, Kirkwood, Andrea, additional, Langenheder, Silke, additional, Langvall, Ola, additional, Laudon, Hjalmar, additional, Lind, Lovisa, additional, Lundgren, Maria, additional, Moffett, Emma R., additional, Proia, Lorenzo, additional, Schuler, Matthew S., additional, Shurin, Jonathan B., additional, Steiner, Christopher F., additional, Striebel, Maren, additional, Thibodeau, Simon, additional, Cordero, Pablo Urrutia, additional, Vendrell‐Puigmitja, Lidia, additional, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., additional, and Derry, Alison M., additional

Published
2022
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6. Current water quality guidelines across North America and Europe do not protect lakes from salinization

Author

Hintz, William D., Arnott, Shelley E., Symons, Celia C., Greco, Danielle A., McClymont, Alexandra, Brentrup, Jennifer A., Canedo-Arguelles, Miguel, Derry, Alison M., Downing, Amy L., Gray, Derek K., Melles, Stephanie J., Relyea, Rick A., Rusak, James A., Searle, Catherine L., Astorg, Louis, Baker, Henry K., Beisner, Beatrix E., Cottingham, Kathryn L., Ersoy, Zeynep, Espinosa, Carmen, Franceschini, Jaclyn, Giorgio, Angelina T., Gobeler, Norman, Hassal, Emily, Hebert, Marie-Pier, Huynh, Mercedes, Hylander, Samuel, Jonasen, Kacie L., Kirkwood, Andrea E., Langenheder, Silke, Langvall, Ola, Laudon, Hjalmar, Lind, Lovisa, Lundgren, Maria, Proia, Lorenzo, Schuler, Matthew S., Shurin, Jonathan B., Steiner, Christopher F., Striebel, Maren, Thibodeau, Simon, Urrutia-Cordero, Pablo, Vendrell-Puigmitja, Lidia, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Hintz, William D., Arnott, Shelley E., Symons, Celia C., Greco, Danielle A., McClymont, Alexandra, Brentrup, Jennifer A., Canedo-Arguelles, Miguel, Derry, Alison M., Downing, Amy L., Gray, Derek K., Melles, Stephanie J., Relyea, Rick A., Rusak, James A., Searle, Catherine L., Astorg, Louis, Baker, Henry K., Beisner, Beatrix E., Cottingham, Kathryn L., Ersoy, Zeynep, Espinosa, Carmen, Franceschini, Jaclyn, Giorgio, Angelina T., Gobeler, Norman, Hassal, Emily, Hebert, Marie-Pier, Huynh, Mercedes, Hylander, Samuel, Jonasen, Kacie L., Kirkwood, Andrea E., Langenheder, Silke, Langvall, Ola, Laudon, Hjalmar, Lind, Lovisa, Lundgren, Maria, Proia, Lorenzo, Schuler, Matthew S., Shurin, Jonathan B., Steiner, Christopher F., Striebel, Maren, Thibodeau, Simon, Urrutia-Cordero, Pablo, Vendrell-Puigmitja, Lidia, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.

Abstract

Human-induced salinization caused by the use of road deicing salts, agricultural practices, mining operations, and climate change is a major threat to the biodiversity and functioning of freshwater ecosystems. Yet, it is unclear if freshwater ecosystems are protected from salinization by current water quality guidelines. Leveraging an experimental network of land-based and in-lake mesocosms across North America and Europe, we tested how salinization—indicated as elevated chloride (Cl2) concentration—will affect lake food webs and if two of the lowest Cl2 thresholds found globally are sufficient to protect these food webs. Our results indicated that salinization will cause substantial zooplankton mortality at the lowest Cl2 thresholds established in Canada (120 mg Cl2/L) and the United States (230 mg Cl2/L) and throughout Europe where Cl2 thresholds are generally higher. For instance, at 73% of our study sites, Cl2 concentrations that caused a ≥50% reduction in cladoceran abundance were at or below Cl2 thresholds in Canada, in the United States, and throughout Europe. Similar trends occurred for copepod and rotifer zooplankton. The loss of zooplankton triggered a cascading effect causing an increase in phytoplankton biomass at 47% of study sites. Such changes in lake food webs could alter nutrient cycling and water clarity and trigger declines in fish production. Current Cl2 thresholds across North America and Europe clearly do not adequately protect lake food webs. Water quality guidelines should be developed where they do not exist, and there is an urgent need to reassess existing guidelines to protect lake ecosystems from human-induced salinization.

Published
2022
Full Text
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7. Lake salinization drives consistent losses of zooplankton abundance and diversity across coordinated mesocosm experiments

Author

Hébert, Marie‐Pier, primary, Symons, Celia C., additional, Cañedo‐Argüelles, Miguel, additional, Arnott, Shelley E., additional, Derry, Alison M., additional, Fugère, Vincent, additional, Hintz, William D., additional, Melles, Stephanie J., additional, Astorg, Louis, additional, Baker, Henry K., additional, Brentrup, Jennifer A., additional, Downing, Amy L., additional, Ersoy, Zeynep, additional, Espinosa, Carmen, additional, Franceschini, Jaclyn M., additional, Giorgio, Angelina T., additional, Göbeler, Norman, additional, Gray, Derek K., additional, Greco, Danielle, additional, Hassal, Emily, additional, Huynh, Mercedes, additional, Hylander, Samuel, additional, Jonasen, Kacie L., additional, Kirkwood, Andrea, additional, Langenheder, Silke, additional, Langvall, Ola, additional, Laudon, Hjalmar, additional, Lind, Lovisa, additional, Lundgren, Maria, additional, McClymont, Alexandra, additional, Proia, Lorenzo, additional, Relyea, Rick A., additional, Rusak, James A., additional, Schuler, Matthew S., additional, Searle, Catherine L., additional, Shurin, Jonathan B., additional, Steiner, Christopher F., additional, Striebel, Maren, additional, Thibodeau, Simon, additional, Urrutia Cordero, Pablo, additional, Vendrell‐Puigmitja, Lidia, additional, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., additional, and Beisner, Beatrix E., additional

Published
2022
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8. Expérience hétérotopique du cinéma : approches théoriques et historiographiques du cinéma en salle

Author

Thibodeau, Simon and Gaudreault, André

Subjects
intermédialité, film exhibition, socialité du cinéma, spectatorship, signifiant imaginaire, movie theaters, cinematic experience, salles de cinéma, apparatus theory, imaginary signifier, sémio-pragmatique, sociality of cinema, intermediality, consommation du cinéma, spectateur, réception du cinéma, dispositif, expérience cinématographique, film reception, semio-pragmatic approach
Abstract

Nous exposons dans ce mémoire les principes qui fondent, au sein de la discipline des études cinématographiques, une conception théorique de la réception d’images animées reposant sur la modalité de consommation spécifique du cinéma en salle. Notre analyse d’un ensemble représentatif d’approches théoriques et historiographiques de l’expérience cinématographique permet de relever les principes qui orientent la conception de différentes formes de médialité conférées à l’expérience du cinéma en salle. Les théories du dispositif et du signifiant imaginaire de Jean-Louis Baudry et Christian Metz proposent une conception de l’expérience du cinéma en salle qui met l’accent sur les effets de transparence médiatique de certaines composantes des salles de cinéma sur les spectateurs ainsi que sur le caractère imaginaire, symbolique et institutionnel de ces médiations. La sémio-pragmatique de Roger Odin et l’approche historiographique de la New Cinema History telle que présentée par Robert C. Allen et Richard Maltby proposent une conception de l’opacité médiatique de l’ensemble complexe des effets de médiation sensorielle, relationnelle, sociale et économique de l’expérience du cinéma en salle et dont les spectateurs font l’épreuve sur toute l’étendue de ce type de site d’exploitation et sur toute la durée de son occupation spectatorielle. Au terme de notre analyse, les différents principes relevés permettent de formuler la notion d’expérience hétérotopique du cinéma pour désigner la conception de l’expérience du cinéma en salle qui caractérise la compréhension de la réception d’images animées dans le cadre des études cinématographiques., This thesis explores how theories of moving image reception that have or have had a significant impact on the development of film studies as a discipline are centered around the movie theater and on “movie-going” practices. The analysis of a representative set of theoretical and historiographical approaches to the cinematic experience allows for the definition of key principles that unearth various forms of mediation at play in the movie-going experience. Jean-Louis Baudry’s “apparatus theory” and Christian Metz’s notion of the “imaginary signifier” both suggest a theory of movie-going experience stressing the transparency effects on spectators of the mediation of certain architectural and technological aspects of movie theaters and focusing on the symbolic and institutional nature of this form of mediation. In contrast, Roger Odin’s semio-pragmatic approach and New Cinema History’s critical historiography (as theorized by Robert C. Allen and Richard Maltby) conceptualize the opacity of a complex set of sensory, relational, social, and economic mediations occurring in movie theaters, which last during the entire experience of the audience in these exhibition sites. By unspooling the complexity of the theoretical stances above mentioned, this thesis moves towards the definition of a heterotopic cinema experience formulated from within the context of film studies.

Published
2015

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