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The SPOT-MAS assay “Screening for the Presence Of Tumor by Methylation And Size” detects the five most common cancers in Vietnam by evaluating circulating tumor DNA in the blood. Here, we validated its performance in a prospective multi-center clinical trial, K-DETEK. Our analysis of 2795 participants from 14 sites across Vietnam demonstrates its ability to detect cancers in asymptomatic individuals with a positive predictive value of 60%, with 83.3% accuracy in detecting tumor location. We present a case report to support further using SPOT-MAS as a complementary method to achieve early cancer detection and provide the opportunity for early treatment.

The study was conducted to screen the antibacterial activity of fermented garlic against V. parahaemolyticus KC.13.14.2 and V. harveyi KC.13.17.5, the causal agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). The results showed that fermented garlic products had a high sensitivity to both strains of screened bacteria at concentrations of 25 and 30 μl. Then the effect of fermented garlic as an agent for the prevention of AHPND was evaluated in vivo. When adding fermented garlic at a dose of 15 ml/kg food/day to feed shrimp for 10 consecutive days, it was possible to prevent AHPND disease for shrimp. Food mixed with fermented garlic with squid oil was the most effective when it increased the survival rate of shrimp to 53%, significantly higher than treatment using supplementary feed without a coating of 51%, coated with glutinous rice of 42%, and no fermented garlic of 14%.

Antimicrobials are important to treat diseases in aquaculture and the objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of antimicrobial products commonly used in white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture in Northern Vietnam. A total of 25 antimicrobial products were obtained from 20 chemical shops including 12 products declared to contain a single antimicrobial, nine products with a mixture of two different antimicrobials and four products containing a mixture of three different antimicrobials. Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry was used to analyse the concentration of the declared antimicrobials. Results revealed that only 1/12 products with a single antimicrobial contained an active substance within ± 10% (accepted level of variation) of the concentration declared on the product label. More than half of the products contained antimicrobial concentrations within

A survey for fish-borne zoonotic trematode (FZT) metacercariae in fish from the Northern Mountain Region of Vietnam was conducted from May to August 2014. The major objective was to evaluate the impact of water body types on the prevalence of FZT. A total of 846 fish (31 species) were collected from three water body types, including aquaculture ponds, rivers, and reservoirs. A pepsin digestion method was used for the recovery of metacercariae from fish. Overall, 29 of the 31 fish species were infected with FZTs. Prevalence was 56.8% in river fish, 46.7% in pond fish, and 29.3% in reservoir fish. The prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae was 10.6% in reservoir fish, and 2.6% in river fish; fish from ponds were uninfected. The infection intensity of C. sinensis was 29.7 metacercariae/reservoir fish and 2.1 metacercariae/river fish. The prevalence of C. sinensis was highest (25.9%) in Toxabramis houdemeri. The intestinal flukes Haplorchis pumilio, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis yokogawai, Centrocestus formosanus and Procerovum varium were recovered from 29 fish species, with an overall prevalence of 46.8% and a mean infection intensity of 23.6 metacercariae. The results indicate that a C. sinensis sylvatic cycle involving wild fish species is important in the epidemiology of liver fluke and that consumption of raw or inadequately prepared wild-caught fish is a the major risk factor for human Clonorchiasis in this region. Both wild-caught and cultured fish present a high risk for infection with intestinal flukes. The habitat requirements of the snail host may be the important determining factor in favoring a sylvatic cycle of C. sinensis. This information is relevant to the development of effective prevention and control strategies, and emphasizes the priority that must be given to education of the local communities on the risks of consuming raw or improperly prepared fish dishes.

CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI2Br crystal powders and thin films with chemical formula CH3NH3PbI3−x Br x have been synthesized by reacting methylammonium bromide/iodide with lead iodide. The films were fabricated by a low-temperature solution process using the spin-coating method followed by thermal annealing, which is an effective means for controlling the composition and morphology of the CH3NH3PbI3−x Br x thin films. The resulting perovskite films exhibit good optical absorption and crystalline structure, being promising for potential application as light absorbers in future solar cells.

Organo-lead mixed halide perovskites have been showing remarkable performance for applications in solar cells and are very promising for numerous applications in optoelectronics and nonlinear optics. In this study, we report a room-temperature photoluminescence study of this material by using pulsed excitation laser sources at 1064 nm wavelength. Under our experimental conditions, strong photoluminescence was observed only for bromine-containing perovskites, CH3NH3Pb(I1−xBrx)3, thus suggesting an important role of bromine for photoluminescence of halide perovskites. The experimental results also showed that the photoluminescence peak was blue-shifted from 727 nm to 574 nm when x increased from 1/3 to 1. In particular, the photoluminescence peak featured a third-order dependence on the laser intensity. This direct observation of three-photon absorption-induced photoluminescence of organo-lead mixed halide perovskite materials thus opens up interesting applications in the field of optoelectronics and nonlinear optics.