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Nguyen HU, Phan QN, Dang HT, Son TTN, Nguyen HN, Nguyen THT. 2021. Morphology, biology, and damage behaviors of nutsedge borer (Bactra venosana Zeller) in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam. Biodiversitas 23: 733-741. Nutsedge borer, Bactra venosana Zeller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a common pest of sedge in Tra Vinh Province. To control this species, its morphology, biology, and behaviors were investigated in Tra Vinh Province. The study was conducted with the aim of determining the information related to the Bactra venosana, as a basis for developing a strategy to manage this species by means of safety solutions. The study was carried out by surveying the behavior of nutsedge borer in sedge fields and determining their morphological and biological characteristics under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the eggs were 1.06 ± 0.17 mm (in length), 0.84 ± 0.16 (in width), oval, and white after turning pale yellow. Larvae progressed through 5 instars with body length and width of 1.20 ± 0.18 mm to 11.3 ± 1.23 mm and from 0.25 ± 0.05 to 1.05 ± 0.25 mm, respectively. Newly hatched larvae were dark yellow, and pupae were pale green. The male pupa was 7.75 ± 0.68 mm long, while the female was 8.46 ± 0.93 mm long, light green, and dark brown about to mature. The male adult of B. venosana was usually gray-brown and 7.70 ± 0.60 mm in body length, whereas the female adult was silver-gray, 8.41 ± 0.86 mm. The life cycle passed 35.9 ± 2.55 days in laboratory conditions. Under field conditions, eggs were laid scattered on the surface of the host plants. Larvae bored inside the stems of sedge. Newly damaged sedge plants had no symptoms at first whose bodies got soft, turned from light green to pale yellow, and gradually wilted and died.

The study aimed firstly to determine the release behavior of the model drug (berberine chloride) from the dry coated tablets. The second objective of this study was to evaluate the exact location of the dry coated tablets in in vivo. The colon targeting tablets were developed by dry powder coating technique on pan coater. The drug release behavior was determined in the three continuous mediums: pH 1.2; 7.4 and 6.8 plus pectinase. The location of the dry coated tablets in the gastrointestinal tract of human volunteers was observed through the X-ray imaging of the dry coated tablets containing the optimized radiocontrast agents. The release kinetics of berberine chloride from the dry coated tablets was mainly controlled by erosion and enzyme sensitive mechanism. The optimum dry coated tablets having the coating powders of pectin 102:HPMC K4 M (2:1) with the coating level of 200%, and the tablet core with BaSO4 10% and iobitridol 30% as radiocontrast agents were observed in the caecum and ascending colon of human volunteers after 5–6 h of oral administration. The successful development of these dosage forms is believed to have a high potential in precisely monitoring the release of highly potent drugs such as anti-inflammatory drugs in bowel diseases.

Foreign language learning has been in high demand among today’s young people. Current language training goes beyond traditional school classes and takes place in foreign language centers, where expat instructors collaborate with Vietnamese teachers. The acquisition of new languages, including English, has therefore been effectively promoted. The purpose of this study is to uncover the factors that affect parent decisions regarding selecting an English center within Danang City, with the goal of proposing performance improvement solutions for local enterprises operating in the field.

The objective of this chapter is to study the current evolutionary stage of management accounting practices (MAPs) in Vietnam. It explores the extent to which various MAPs are implemented in Vietnamese enterprises using a survey to collect information and the IFAC model as an international measure. Of the 700 companies that received the questionnaires, 250 provided usable responses, a 35.7% response rate. The results indicate that the majority (66.8%) of Vietnamese enterprises are in the first two stages of the IFAC model. Fewer enterprises (33.2%) have reached Stages 3 and 4, the higher evolutionary stages of the IFAC model. It is found that the most widely adopted MAPs in Vietnamese enterprises are standard costing, absorption costing, budgeting for product cost controlling, budgeting for revenue, financial ratios analysis, profitability ratio analysis, and profit analysis for products. Additionally, the respondents report that the most important roles of management accounting in their enterprises are to evaluate enterprise performance, to use for planning and controlling, and to help make decisions on production or investment. Few enterprises appreciate the roles that modern management accounting play in enhancing resource efficiency and reducing waste. Therefore, this research provides empirical evidence on the advancement of MAPs as employed by Vietnamese enterprises. For researchers and managers in Vietnam and other countries, it sheds light on the current stage of Vietnamese management accounting practices based on an international measure.