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The purpose of this study was to assess government and faith-based interventions measures on the management of teenage pregnancy with reference to Mombasa County, Kenya. The findings show that the issue of teen pregnancy is of great concern in the county of Mombasa.  This is evidenced by the high rate of school dropout among girls who got pregnant, early motherhood, transmission of venereal diseases, cases of abortion and death after abortion in some cases. Pearson correlation shows that family stability (0.006, P>0.05) and school based interventions (r=0.063, p>.05) did not have significant effects on the management of teenage pregnancy. On the other hand, the regression coefficients shows that religious interventions could statistically predict the management of teenage pregnancy (P values <0.05). Furthermore, government interventions had a statistically significant moderating influence on the relationship between ecological transformative social change strategies and the management of teenage pregnancy. As a result, the government interventions are urgently needed to address teenage pregnancy in Mombasa County. There is need to put measures in place aimed at checking teenage pregnancies and their associated consequences such as abortions, girls dropping out of school as well as early marriages among others. There is also need to strengthen the contribution of families and school interventions in curbing teenage pregnancy. Civil society organizations, role models and other targeted community based interventions should be carried out to advocate for changes that could lead to reduction in teenage pregnancy among girls. The government in its capacity should be at the centre of ecological transformative social change strategies and the management of teenage pregnancy in Mombasa County.

The deeply rooted issue of alcohol abuse in Kenya continues to negatively impact the well-being of the youth population. In a study conducted in 2018, an estimated 45–50% of alcohol-abusing youth in Kiambu County had post-traumatic stress disorder. The main purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize existing literature articles on the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-associated alcohol abuse in Kenya’s context. The review shows that PSTD related to alcohol abuse, though not well studied in Kenya, is a real challenge facing the youth. It affects their learning processes as well as their transition to colleges and other higher education institutions. Alcohol abuse also affects employment prospects for youth and leads to impoverishment. It also challenges the productivity and entrepreneurial capacities of these youth, leading to further impoverishment and reduced socioeconomic prospects. On the basis of these findings, it is pertinent to come up with psychosocial support mechanisms for alcohol abusers suffering from PSTD. The government should establish funding strategies for the rehabilitation of PSTD-affected youth. Also, government empowerment programs in Kenya should factor in mechanisms for ensuring that youth with PSTD-related alcohol abuse can access funding to enhance their socioeconomic status.

The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of ecological transformative social change strategies to the management of teenage pregnancy with reference to Mombasa County, Kenya. To this end, the study examined the influences of family-based interventions, school-based interventions, community-based interventions, faith-based interventions, and government measures on teenage pregnancy in the county. The findings show that the issue of teen pregnancy is of great concern in the county of Mombasa. This is evidenced by the high rate of school dropout among girls who got pregnant, early motherhood, transmission of venereal diseases, cases of abortion, and death after abortion in some cases. Community-based ecological interventions were found to be correlated with the management of teenage pregnancy (P<0.05) according to Pearson correlation. As a result, there is a need to put measures in place aimed at checking teenage pregnancies and their associated consequences, such as abortions, girls dropping out of school, and early marriages, among others. As a result, the contribution of civil society organizations, role models, and other targeted community-based interventions should be strengthened to advocate for changes that could lead to a reduction in teenage pregnancy among girls.

The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of school-based ecological transformative social change strategies to the management of teenage pregnancy with reference to Mombasa County, Kenya. The study focused on seven public girls' secondary schools in Mombasa County, targeting Form 3 students, principals, guidance and counseling teachers, religious leaders, and government officials. Using a sample size formula, 402 participants were selected, considering attrition. Simple random and purposive sampling were employed. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and Focus Group Discussions, analyzed using SPSS for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. The findings were presented through tables and figures, drawing conclusions from the results. The study aimed to understand and address factors influencing teenage pregnancy in Mombasa County. The findings show that the issue of teen pregnancy is of great concern in the county of Mombasa. This is evidenced by the high rate of school dropout among girls who got pregnant, early motherhood, transmission of venereal diseases, cases of abortion and death after abortion in some cases. Pearson correlation shows that school-based interventions (r=0.063, p>.05) did not have significant effects on the management of teenage pregnancy. Consequently, there is need to put measures in place aimed at checking teenage pregnancies and their associated consequences such as abortions, girls dropping out of school as well as early marriages among others.

This article is on alcohol and drug abuse as predictors of risk taking behaviour among secondary school students in Kajiado North Sub-County. The area has numerous drug and alcohol ecological factors that could influence the behaviour of adolescents. Since the area is home to a lot of the working population of the adjacent Nairobi City County, people from various backgrounds have immigrated there. As such, the societal values held by the inhabitants of the area are not easy to define. In this context, adolescents are prone to indulge in drug and alcohol abuse that could impact their lives negatively. This is particulars o since it alcohol and drug abuse encourages unprotected sex among students and by extension abortion, gang behaviour as students look for money to sustain the risky behaviours among others. The arguments of this article are guided by the ecological Systems Theory. Information is obtained from a descriptive survey of 267 students and 15 principals that was I undertook in 2017. The sample was obtained using stratified proportionate sampling and total population sampling techniques in the 15 public secondary schools in Kajiado North Sub-County. Data from students was collected using questionnaires while the principals were interviewed. The findings show that alcohol and drug abuse risk-taking behaviour in adolescents are higher in the wake of poor family stability, negative peer influence, breakdown of societal values and weak government measures. As such, it is recommended that it is important to ensure that cohesiveness in the families is encouraged so as to reduce alcohol and drug abuse behaviours among students. Teachers should also be at the forefront for checking alcohol and drug abuse in schools so as to protect the spread of risky taking behaviours among peers. Members of the society who sell alcohol to students should be identified and punished as per the existing law. The government should strengthen its programs (in schools and in the mass

The issue of alcohol abuse in Kenya is deeply rooted and continues to affect the well-being of youthful population. A study conducted in 2018, an estimated 45-50% alcohol-abusing youth in Kiambu County had post-traumatic stress disorder. The main purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize existing literature articles on the effects of PTSD associated Alcohol Abuse in Kenya’s context. The review shows that PSTD related to alcohol abuse, though not well studied in Kenya is a real challenge facing the youth. It affects their learning processes and their transition to colleges and other institutions of higher learning. Alcohol abuse also affects employment prospects for the youth and leads to impoverishment. It also challenges the productivity and entrepreneurial capacities of these youth; leading to further impoverishment and reduced socioeconomic prospects. On the basis of these findings, it is pertinent to come up with psychosocial support mechanisms for alcohol abusers suffering from PSTD. The government should put in place funding strategies for the rehabilitation of youth suffering from PSTD. Also, government empowerment programmes in Kenya should ensure that the youth with PSTD related alcohol abuse can access funding to enhance their socioeconomic status.

This article is on alcohol and drug abuse as predictors of risk taking behaviour among secondary school students in Kajiado North Sub-County. The area has numerous drug and alcohol ecological factors that could influence the behaviour of adolescents. Since the area is home to a lot of the working population of the adjacent Nairobi City County, people from various backgrounds have immigrated there. As such, the societal values held by the inhabitants of the area are not easy to define. In this context, adolescents are prone to indulge in drug and alcohol abuse that could impact their lives negatively. This is particulars o since it alcohol and drug abuse encourages unprotected sex among students and by extension abortion, gang behaviour as students look for money to sustain the risky behaviours among others. The arguments of this article are guided by the ecological Systems Theory. Information is obtained from a descriptive survey of 267 students and 15 principals that was I undertook in 2017. The sample was obtained using stratified proportionate sampling and total population sampling techniques in the 15 public secondary schools in Kajiado North Sub-County. Data from students was collected using questionnaires while the principals were interviewed. The findings show that alcohol and drug abuse risk-taking behaviour in adolescents are higher in the wake of poor family stability, negative peer influence, breakdown of societal values and weak government measures. As such, it is recommended that it is important to ensure that cohesiveness in the families is encouraged so as to reduce alcohol and drug abuse behaviours among students. Teachers should also be at the forefront for checking alcohol and drug abuse in schools so as to protect the spread of risky taking behaviours among peers. Members of the society who sell alcohol to students should be identified and punished as per the existing law. The government should strengthen its programs (in schools and in the mass m