145 results on '"Thermometrie"'
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2. Photonic contact thermometry using silicon ring resonators and tuneable laser-based spectroscopy.
- Author
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Eisermann, René, Krenek, Stephan, Winzer, Georg, and Rudtsch, Steffen
- Subjects
RESONATORS ,THERMOMETRY ,OPTICAL measurements ,TEMPERATURE control ,SEMICONDUCTOR manufacturing ,LIGHT filters - Abstract
Copyright of Technisches Messen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Medical Thermology 2020 - a literature survey with a focus on applications in the COVID 19 pandemic.
- Author
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Ammer, Kurt
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,MEDICAL thermography ,PANDEMICS ,MEDICAL thermometry ,DATABASE searching ,COVID-19 - Abstract
Copyright of Thermology International is the property of European Association of Thermology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
4. Improving body temperature measurement on a global basis.
- Author
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Machin, Graham, Xiaofeng Lu, del Campo, Dolores, Martin, Maria-Jose, Pusnik, Igor, and Wang Li
- Subjects
MEDICAL thermometry ,BODY temperature ,COVID-19 pandemic ,MEDICAL personnel ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
Copyright of Thermology International is the property of European Association of Thermology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
5. Vibrationssyndrom der Finger: Eine Überarbeitung im Anerkennungsverfahren der BK 2104 ist nötig.
- Author
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Wahl, U., Kaulbars, U., Ernst, F., and Hirsch, T.
- Abstract
Exposure to physical factors, such as cold, heat and also vibration can cause health damages that can be recognized as occupational diseases in the context of occupational exposure. Since 1979 vibration-induced vasospastic syndrome (BK 2104) has been included in the list of occupational diseases. Guidance leaflets for the occupational disease are fundamental in the assessment of occupational diseases and represent the basis of the recognition procedure for physicians and insurance institutions. The BK 2104 consists of a vascular and a nervous component. As a functional circulatory disorder the vascular component of the BK 2104 must be differentiated from organic circulatory disorders, such as hypothenar hammer syndrome and peripheral arterial circulatory disorders. Other functional circulatory disorders that are associated with the clinical presentation of a primary or secondary Raynaud's phenomenon must also be excluded. The nervous component usually precedes the circulatory disorder by years. Important differential diagnoses include carpal tunnel syndrome and thoracic outlet syndrome. Special examinations with the use of diagnostic methods, such as pallesthesiometry and thermometry/thermography show the typical vibration-related damage. The functional restriction of the hand, which essentially defines the reduced work capacity, can be estimated through questionnaires and neuropsychological assessments. The currently available guidance leaflet from 1979 must be revised based on recent scientific findings. Essential aspects of the pathophysiology, medical condition, symptoms as well as the diagnostic and differential diagnostic procedure are explained in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Thermal Enhancement of Upconversion by Negative Lattice Expansion in Orthorhombic Yb2W3O12.
- Author
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Zou, Hua, Yang, Xueqing, Chen, Bing, Du, Yangyang, Ren, Biyun, Sun, Xinwen, Qiao, Xvsheng, Zhang, Qiwei, and Wang, Feng
- Subjects
- *
PHOTON upconversion , *HIGH temperatures , *THERMAL expansion , *LUMINESCENCE , *X-ray diffraction , *PHOTOLUMINESCENCE , *ION energy , *YTTERBIUM - Abstract
Thermal quenching of photoluminescence represents a significant obstacle to practical applications such as lighting, display, and photovoltaics. Herein, a novel strategy is established to enhance upconversion luminescence at elevated temperatures based on the use of negative thermal expansion host materials. Lanthanide‐doped orthorhombic Yb2W3O12 crystals are synthesized and characterized by in situ X‐ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The thermally induced contraction and distortion of the host lattice is demonstrated to enhance the collection of excitation energy by activator ions. When the temperature is increased from 303 to 573 K, a 29‐fold enhancement of green upconversion luminescence in Er3+ activators is achieved. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the upconversion luminescence is reversible. The thermally enhanced upconversion is developed as a sensitive ratiometric thermometer by referring to a thermally quenched upconversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Thermal Enhancement of Upconversion by Negative Lattice Expansion in Orthorhombic Yb2W3O12.
- Author
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Zou, Hua, Yang, Xueqing, Chen, Bing, Du, Yangyang, Ren, Biyun, Sun, Xinwen, Qiao, Xvsheng, Zhang, Qiwei, and Wang, Feng
- Subjects
PHOTON upconversion ,HIGH temperatures ,THERMAL expansion ,LUMINESCENCE ,X-ray diffraction ,PHOTOLUMINESCENCE ,ION energy ,YTTERBIUM - Abstract
Thermal quenching of photoluminescence represents a significant obstacle to practical applications such as lighting, display, and photovoltaics. Herein, a novel strategy is established to enhance upconversion luminescence at elevated temperatures based on the use of negative thermal expansion host materials. Lanthanide‐doped orthorhombic Yb2W3O12 crystals are synthesized and characterized by in situ X‐ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The thermally induced contraction and distortion of the host lattice is demonstrated to enhance the collection of excitation energy by activator ions. When the temperature is increased from 303 to 573 K, a 29‐fold enhancement of green upconversion luminescence in Er3+ activators is achieved. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the upconversion luminescence is reversible. The thermally enhanced upconversion is developed as a sensitive ratiometric thermometer by referring to a thermally quenched upconversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Onlinefähige Signalauswertung für spektraloptische Sensoren mit einer Doppelphotodiode / Online-capable signal processing for spectral-optical sensors using a double-layered photodiode.
- Author
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Wuchrer, Roland, Härtling, Thomas, and Gerlach, Gerald
- Subjects
SIGNAL processing ,DETECTORS ,ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring ,SURFACE temperature ,TEMPERATURE measurements ,AVALANCHE photodiodes - Abstract
Spektraloptische Sensorik erfasst sowohl physikalische als auch (bio-)chemische Messgrosen auf der Grundlage von deĄnierten spektralen Eigenschaftsanderungen des Messwandlers. In diesem Beitrag wird dafur eine Signalauswertung mit einer Doppelphotodiode (DPD) vorgestellt, die durch ihren Stapelaufbau aus zwei unterschiedlich spektralempfindlichen Photodiodenschichten gleichzeitig spektralselektives Element und Detektor ist. Statt wie bisher die spektrale Information aus einem Spektrum zu extrahieren, wird der Schwerpunkt der spektralen Gesamtverteilung anhand des gemessenen Verhaltnisses der beiden wellenlangenabhangigen Photostrome echtzeitfahig ausgewertet. Die Leistungsfahigkeit der DPD wird anhand von OberĆachentemperaturmessungen mit dem Leuchtstoff NaYF
4 :Yb3+ ,Er3+ demonstriert. Es zeigt sich, dass mit einer Integrator-basierten Auswerteelektronik eine max. Messabweichung der Schwerpunktwellenlange von 0,1 nm erreicht werden kann. Die onlinefahige Signalverarbeitung und kompakte Baugrose der Doppelphotodiode befordert die vor-Ort-Eignung spektraloptischer Sensoren fur die Prozessindustrie, das Umweltmonitoring und viele andere Bereiche. Spectral-optical sensor technology records physical as well as (bio-)chemical measurands on the basis of specific spectral property changes of the transducer. In this article a signal evaluation with a double-layered photodiode (DPD) is presented, which is a spectrally selective element and detector at the same time due to its stack structure of two different spectrally sensitive photodiode layers. Instead of extracting the spectral information from a spectrum, the centroid of the overall spectral distribution is evaluated in real time on the basis of the measured ratio of the two wavelength-dependent photocurrents. The performance of the DPD is demonstrated by means of surface temperature measurements with the phosophor NaYF4 :Yb3+ ,Er3+ . It is shown that with an integratorbased readout electronics a max. measurement deviation for the centroid wavelength of 0.1 nm can be achieved. In sum, the online-capable signal processing and compact size of the double-layered photodiode foster the on-site applicability of spectral-optical sensors for the process industry, environmental monitoring and many others fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Absorption, emission, and chlieren imaging of liquid and gas flows using an LED and a webcam.
- Author
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Kiefer, Johannes, Burg, Lukas, and Williamson, Andrew P.
- Subjects
LIGHT emitting diodes ,WEBCAMS ,GAS flow ,ABSORPTION ,REFRACTIVE index - Abstract
Copyright of Technisches Messen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Temperatur-Komparator auf Basis eines druckgeregelten Wärmerohres.
- Author
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Krenek, Stephan and Rudtsch, Steffen
- Subjects
HEAT pipes ,HEAT-transfer media ,TEMPERATURE measurements ,ISOTHERMAL processes ,PIPE testing - Abstract
Copyright of Technisches Messen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Stereotaktische Laserthermokoagulation in der Epilepsiechirurgie.
- Author
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Hoppe, C., Witt, J.-A., Helmstaedter, C., Gasser, T., Vatter, H., and Elger, C.
- Abstract
In common with other stereotactic procedures, stereotactic laser thermocoagulation (SLT) promises gentle destruction of pathological tissue, which might become especially relevant for epilepsy surgery in the future. Compared to standard resection, no large craniotomy is necessary, cortical damage during access to deep-seated lesions can be avoided and interventions close to eloquent brain areas become possible. We describe the history and rationale of laser neurosurgery as well as the two available SLT systems (Visualase® and NeuroBlate®; CE marks pending). Both systems are coupled with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR thermometry, thereby increasing patient safety. We report the published clinical experiences with SLT in epilepsy surgery (altogether approximately 200 cases) with respect to complications, brain structural alterations, seizure outcome, neuropsychological findings and treatment costs. The rate of seizure-free patients seems to be slightly lower than for resection surgery. Due to the inadequate quality of studies, the neuropsychological superiority of SLT has not yet been unambiguously demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Measuring Nanoscale Thermostability of Cell Membranes with Single Gold-Diamond Nanohybrids.
- Author
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Tsai, Pei ‐ Chang, Epperla, Chandra P., Huang, Jo ‐ Shan, Chen, Oliver Y., Wu, Chih ‐ Che, and Chang, Huan ‐ Cheng
- Subjects
- *
CELL membranes , *NANODIAMONDS , *NANORODS spectra , *NANOTUBES , *FEVER - Abstract
Much of the current understanding of thermal effects in biological systems is based on macroscopic measurements. There is little knowledge about the local thermostability or heat tolerance of subcellular components at the nanoscale. Herein, we show that gold nanorod-fluorescent nanodiamond (GNR-FND) hybrids are useful as a combined nanoheater/nanothermometer in living cells. With the use of a 594 nm laser for both heating and probing, we measure the temperature changes by recording the spectral shifts of the zero-phonon lines of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers in FNDs. The technique allows us to determine the rupture temperatures of individual membrane nanotubes in human embryonic kidney cells, as well as to generate high temperature gradients on the cell membrane for photoporation and optically controlled hyperthermia. Our results demonstrate a new paradigm for hyperthermia research and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Fe-, Al-, and P-containing flame retardants in alkanes and polymers : from diffusion to evaporation to pyrolysis and combustion
- Author
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Lau, Sascha, Atakan, Burak (Akademische Betreuung), and Atakan, Burak
- Subjects
Massenspektrometrie ,nichthalogenierte Flammhemmer ,nichthalogenierte Flammhemmer -- Polymere -- Thermogravimetrie -- Massenspektrometrie -- Thermometrie ,Maschinenbau ,Thermogravimetrie ,Polymere ,ddc:620 ,Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften » Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik ,Thermometrie - Abstract
Der Einsatz von aliphatischen Polymeren wie zum Beispiel Polyethylen oder -propylen erfreut sich trotz ihrer hohen Brennbarkeit in vielen Lebensbereichen einer hohen Beliebtheit. Diese Omnipräsenz ist trotz der hohen Brandgefahr dem Einsatz von Flammschutzmitteln zu verdanken, die in der Vergangenheit hauptsächlich auf Halogenverbindungen basierten. Halogenverbindungen können bei der Verbrennung jedoch giftige und umweltschädliche Substanzen auf Basis von Chlor oder Brom freisetzen. Gegenwärtig wird vermehrt auf umweltfreundlichere Alternativen bezüglich des Flammschutzmittels zurückgegriffen, die auf Metallen oder Elementen wie Phosphor basieren. Solche Additive zeigen ebenfalls vielversprechende flammhemmende Effekte, deren Wirkungsweisen allerdings in weiten Teilen noch nicht vollständig verstanden sind. Flammhemmer wirken meist, indem sie verhindern, dass die für Verbrennungsprozesse essenziellen, wärmefreisetzenden und selbsterhaltenden Kettenreaktionen ablaufen können. Es ist oft unklar, ob die Flammhemmung auf einem Gasphasenmechanismus beruht oder ob der Effekt sich bereits in der kondensierten Phase des Polymers ereignet. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Einblick in die Wirkungsweise dieser „grünen“ alternativen Flammschutzmittel auf Metall- oder Phosphorbasis gegeben und mögliche Methoden zur Analyse solcher vorgestellt. Zunächst muss das im Polymer eingearbeitete Additiv an die brennende Oberfläche gelangen, um von dort entweder in die Gasphase überzugehen oder um den Kohlenwasserstoffverbund durch chemische Reaktionen in der kondensierten Phase zu schützen. Diese Transportprozesse stellen einen wichtigen Schritt zum allgemeinen Verständnis der Flammhemmung dar. In dieser Arbeit werden daher mittels der Methode der isothermen Thermogravimetrie (TGA) sowohl Aktivitäts- als auch Diffusionskoeffizienten in binären Gemischen bestimmt, bei denen der Dampfdruck hauptsächlich vom Additiv dominiert wird. Die Kombination der unterschiedlichen Prozesse aus Verdampfung und Stoffdiffusion in einem Gemisch führt zu einem instationären Massenverlust, der von den Aktivitätskoeffizienten und von den Diffusionskoeffizienten der Gas- bzw. der kondensierten Phase abhängt. Mit der hier vorgestellten neuen Methode lassen sich bei bekanntem Gasphasendiffusionskoeffizienten sowohl der Aktivitätskoeffizient als auch der binäre Diffusionskoeffizient in der kondensierten Phase simultan als Funktion der Temperatur bestimmen. In der Praxis existieren allerdings sehr viele verschiedene Polymer/Flammhemmer-Systeme. Daher wird in dieser Arbeit das Konzept zur Bestimmung der physikalischen Verdampfungs- und Transportparameter explizit für das Modellsystem Ferrocen/n-Tetracosan getestet. Das Metallocen soll dabei ein Flammschutzmittel repräsentieren und das langkettige Alkan wird als simplifizierter Ersatz für ein Polymer herangezogen. Für den untersuchten Temperaturbereich zwischen 343 und 398 K ergibt sich für 343 K ein Aktivitätskoeffizient für Ferrocen von über 3, der mit zunehmender Temperatur auf einen Wert von nahe 1 abfällt. Der Diffusionskoeffizient zeigt eine schwache Temperaturabhängigkeit mit Werten im Bereich von ca. 2 × 10-9 m2∙ s-1. Darüber hinaus wurden die bereits bekannten Dampfdrücke der beiden Reinsubstanzen für diesen Temperaturbereich erneut gemessen. Im Allgemeinen hat sich diese Methode zur Bestimmung von physikalischen Parametern wie Aktivitäts- und Diffusionskoeffizienten als vielversprechend für dieses System erwiesen und zeigt Potenzial auch künftig für die Bestimmung der Transporteigenschaften anderer unbekannter Polymer/Flammhemmer-Systeme gut geeignet zu sein. Zum Einblick in die Wirkungsweise von Flammhemmern in Polymeren wurde das Pyrolyseverhalten in dieser Arbeit konkret für das System bestehend aus ultrahochmolekularem Polyethylen (UHMWPE) und Aluminiumdiethylphosphinat (AlPi) mittels Molekularstrahl-Massenspektrometrie (MBMS) unter isothermen Bedingungen untersucht. Der Wechsel des Modellsystems von n-Tetracosan auf ein „echtes“ Polymer war hier notwendig, um realitätsnahe Bedingungen für einen Flammhemmer im Einsatz zu realisieren. Die relativ komplizierten Polymer-Pyrolysemechanismen spielen für die Wirkungsweise von Flammhemmern eine tragende Rolle. Metallphosphinate wie AlPi stellen eine neue vielversprechende Art von Flammschutzmitteln dar, deren Wirkungsweisen sowohl in der Gas- als auch in der kondensierten Phase noch sehr schlecht untersucht sind. Die Pyrolyseexperimente erfolgten hierbei systematisch, indem die jeweiligen Reinstoffe zunächst einzeln untersucht wurden, bevor anschließend Experimente der Gemische mit unterschiedlichen Additivmengen durchgeführt wurden. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, phosphorhaltige Spezies in der Gasphase nachzuweisen. Die Experimente zeigen, dass offensichtlich das Hauptzersetzungsprodukt von AlPi durch die Diethylphosphinsäure gegeben ist, welche anschließend zu leichteren Spezies abgebaut werden kann oder Dimere mit doppelter molarer Masse bildet. Im Gemisch wird der AlPi-Zerfall zwar durch das Polymer in der kondensierten Phase beeinflusst, aber die meisten für eine flammhemmende Wirkung verantwortlichen Spezies sind dennoch in der Gasphase vorhanden. In einem weiteren Schritt wurde ergänzend die thermische Zersetzung des Flammhemmers als Funktion der Heizrate untersucht. Letzteres sollte einen näheren Bezug zu der üblicherweise jedem Polymerbrand vorhergehenden Pyrolyse des Polymers in realen Brandszenarien herstellen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde zum einen die Schnellpyrolyse von AlPi mittels der Methode der differentiellen massenspektrometrischen Thermoanalyse (DMSTA) untersucht und zum anderen wurden TGA-Experimente bei moderaten Heizraten durchgeführt. Die Gasphasenentwicklung von AlPi bei niedrigeren Heizraten (TGA) erfolgt durch eine Kombination von Prozessen wie Verdampfung und thermischer Zersetzung, während bei der Schnellpyrolyse das Flammschutzmittel hauptsächlich aufgrund einer höheren Pyrolyse-Starttemperatur von T > 500 °C zersetzt wird. Dabei werden gasförmige, phosphorhaltige Produkte wie zum Beispiel Diethylphosphinsäure freigesetzt. Neben der reinen Pyrolyse wurde der Abbrand von Polyethylen in kerzenähnlichen Diffusionsflammen als Funktion des Additivgehaltes untersucht. Zunächst ergibt sich aus der Bestimmung des Sauerstoffindex (engl. LOI = Limiting Oxygen Index) die Tatsache, dass ab einer Additivmenge von ≥ 10 Gew.-% sich das Polymer unter Umgebungsbedingungen nicht mehr entzünden lässt. Geringere Mengen hingegen erlauben trotz der Flammhemmerbeteiligung das Ausbilden einer selbsterhaltenden Flamme. Mittels Thermometrie und der Aufnahme von ortsaufgelösten 1D-Temperaturprofilen unter dem Einsatz eines Mikrothermoelements konnte festgestellt werden, dass ein AlPi-Anteil von lediglich 2,5 Gew.-% bereits einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Flammentemperatur hat. Im Vergleich zu den flammhemmerfreien Experimenten reduziert sich hier die Temperatur der Flamme um bis zu 155 K. Aufgrund der massenspektrometrischen Untersuchungen und der Aufnahme von ortsaufgelösten, eindimensionalen Speziesprofilen konnten entlang der Flammenachse diverse phosphorhaltige Spezies nachgewiesen werden, was eventuell die erwähnte Absenkung der Flammentemperatur erklären könnte. Dem AlPi kann somit in Verbindung mit Polyethylen eine mögliche Gasphasenaktivität zugeschrieben werden. In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Aspekte der Flammhemmung beleuchtet. Zunächst wird eine Methode vorgestellt, die es erlaubt den Transport des Flammhemmers aus dem Polymer in die Gasphase zu untersuchen. Das ist wichtig, um nachvollziehen zu können, wie schnell ein Flammschutzmittel im Brandfall das zu schützende Material verlässt. In der Praxis könnten aus diesen Erkenntnissen Zeitparameter abgeleitet werden, über die sich abschätzen ließen, wie lange das jeweilige Polymer in Gefahrensituationen einem Flammschutz unterliegen würde. Auch Alterungsprozesse, die mit einer Verflüchtigung des Flammhemmers einhergehen (sog. Ausbluten), können mitberücksichtigt werden und es lässt sich abschätzen, über welchen Zeitraum ein Polymer effektiv flammgeschützt ist. Die Methoden zur Gasphasenuntersuchung von Flammhemmern in dieser Arbeit sind wegweisend, um feststellen zu können, welche Substanzen in der Gasphase für den inhibierenden Effekt verantwortlich sind. Nur über ein solches Verständnis lassen sich gezielt Flammhemmer für individuelle Einsatzbereiche designen, was letztendlich den bestmöglichen Brandschutz und ein hohes Maß an Sicherheit bei der Verwendung von Polymeren garantiert., The use of aliphatic polymers such as polyethylene or polypropylene is very popular, despite their high flammability in almost all areas. Their omnipresence, despite their fire hazard, is due to the use of flame-retardants, which in the past were mainly based on toxic and environmentally harmful halogen compounds based on chlorine or bromine. Nowadays, more environmentally friendly alternatives based on metals or elements like phosphorus are increasingly being used for flame retardancy. Such additives show promising flame-retardant effects, although their modes of action are not yet fully understood to a large extent. Flame retardants usually act by preventing the self-sustaining and heat-releasing chain reactions, which are essential to combustion processes. It is often unclear if the flame inhibition is based on a gas-phase mechanism or whether the actual effect of suppressing occurs already in the condensed phase of the polymer. In this work, an insight into the mode of action of such metal- and phosphorus-based "green" flame retardant alternatives is provided. First, the additive embedded in the polymer must reach the burning surface in order to either vaporize into the gaseous phase or to protect the material by chemical reactions in the condensed phase. These transport processes represent an important step in the overall understanding of flame retardancy. In this work, isothermal thermogravimetry (TGA) method is used to investigate both activity and diffusion coefficients in binary mixtures where the vapor pressure is mainly dominated by the additive. The combination of the different processes, evaporation and mass diffusion in a mixture leads to a transient mass loss, which depends on the activity coefficients and the diffusion coefficients in the gas and condensed phase, respectively. The novel method presented here allows to determine simultaneously both the activity coefficients and the binary diffusion coefficients of the condensed phase as a function of temperature if the gas phase diffusion coefficient is already known. In practice, however, many different polymer/flame retardant systems exist. Therefore, in this work, the concept for determining the physical evaporation and transport parameters is explicitly tested for the model system ferrocene/n-tetracosane. The metallocene is intended to represent a flame retardant and the long-chained alkane is used as a simplified substituent for a polymer. For the temperature range studied, between 343 and 398 K, the activity coefficient for ferrocene is above 3 for 343 K, decreasing to a value close to 1 with increasing temperature. The diffusion coefficient, instead, shows a weak temperature dependence, with values of approximately 2 × 10-9 m2∙ s-1. In addition, the vapor or sublimation pressures of the two neat substances were re-evaluated for this temperature range. In general, this relatively simple method for determining physical parameters such as activity and diffusion coefficients has proven to be useful for this system and shows potential to be applied in the future for determining the transport properties of other polymer/flame retardant systems. To gain insight into the mode of action of flame retardants in polymers, the pyrolysis behavior in this work was specifically investigated for the system consisting of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and aluminum diethyl phosphinate (AlPi) using molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) under isothermal conditions. Changing the model system from n-tetracosane to a "real" polymer was necessary here to realize realistic conditions for a flame retardant in use. The relatively complicated polymer pyrolysis-mechanisms play a key role in the mode of action of flame retardants. Metal phosphinates such as AlPi represent a promising new type of flame retardant whose mode of action in both the gas and condensed phase is still very poorly understood. The pyrolysis experiments were performed systematically by first investigating the respective neat substances separately before experiments of the mixtures with different amounts of additive were conducted. The main objective of this study was to detect phosphorus-containing species in the gas phase. These experiments show that apparently the main decomposition product of AlPi is given by diethylphosphinic acid, which can be subsequently degraded to lighter species or form dimers with twice the molar mass. In the mixture, the decomposition of AlPi is affected by the presence of the polymer in the condensed phase, but most of the species that have the potential to be responsible for flame retardant activities are still present in the gas phase. In an additional step, besides the isothermally conducted experiments, the thermal decomposition of the flame retardant was investigated under an imposed heating rate. The latter was intended to provide a closer connection to the pyrolysis preceding each polymer combustion in real fire scenarios. For this purpose, the flash pyrolysis of AlPi was investigated by means of the differential mass spectrometric thermal analysis (DMSTA) method. In addition, TGA experiments were performed at moderate heating rates. Gas phase development of AlPi at lower heating rates (TGA) occurs through a combination of evaporation and thermal decomposition, whereas in flash pyrolysis the flame retardant is primarily decomposed as a result of a higher pyrolysis starting temperature of T > 500 °C. Gaseous phosphorus-containing products are released during this process, such as diethylphosphinic acid. In addition to pyrolysis, the combustion of polyethylene in candle-like diffusion flames as a function of additive content was also investigated. First, the determination of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) reveals that from an additive quantity of ≥ 10 wt.-%, the polymer can no longer be ignited under ambient conditions. Smaller amounts allow the formation of a self-sustaining flame despite the presence of a flame retardant. By means of thermometry and the recording of spatially resolved 1D temperature profiles using a micro thermocouple, it was found that an AlPi content of only 2.5 wt.-% already has a significant influence on the flame temperature. Compared to the flame retardant-free experiments, the temperature of the flame is reduced by up to 155 K. Based on the additional mass spectrometric investigation and the recording of one-dimensional species profiles with spatial resolution, various phosphorus-containing species were detected along the flame axis. These results could possibly explain the aforementioned reduction in the flame temperature and thus AlPi can be attributed a possible gas phase activity in conjunction with polyethylene. In this work, various aspects of flame retardancy are highlighted. First, a method is presented that allows investigations with respect to the transport of the flame-retardant additive from the condensed phase of the polymer into the gas phase. It is important to understand how fast a retardant leaves the protected material during a fire. In practice, these findings could be helpful to derive time parameters to estimate the duration in that the polymer would be subjected to flame retardancy in hazardous situations. Aging processes associated with volatilization of the flame retardant (so-called bleeding) can also be taken into account, and it is possible to estimate the time period over which a polymer is effectively protected. The presented methods for the gas-phase investigations of flame retardants in this work are groundbreaking in identifying which substances in the gas phase are responsible for the inhibiting effect. Only through such an understanding can flame retardants be specifically for individual applications, guaranteeing the best possible fire protection and a high level of safety in the use of polymers.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Non-linear magnetohydrodynamic simulations of pellet triggered edge-localized modes in JET
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, Futatani, Shimpei, Pamela, Stanislas, Garzotti, Luca, Huijsmans, Guido T.A., Hoelzl, Matthias, Frigione, Domenico, Lennholm, Morten, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, Futatani, Shimpei, Pamela, Stanislas, Garzotti, Luca, Huijsmans, Guido T.A., Hoelzl, Matthias, Frigione, Domenico, and Lennholm, Morten
- Abstract
Non-linear magnetohydrodynamic simulations of pellet-triggered edge-localized modes (ELMs) in JET plasma have been carried out with the JOREK code. The pellet particle fuelling efficiency and the power flux at the divertor target during the pellet-triggered ELM have been studied. The pellet injection in unstable plasma delivers the particle fuelling but the pellet fuelling rate is smaller than the rate of particle loss during the pellet triggered ELM. The JOREK simulations estimate the power flux at the divertor target and found good agreement with the experimental observation. The energy deposition of the pellet triggered ELM shows a toroidally asymmetric profile. However, and due to this toroidal asymmetry, this effect cannot be captured by the existing layout of the divertor infra-red (IR) cameras available in JET. This work highlights the benefit of having a larger number of IR cameras to analyse the heat flux for the experiments which are assumed to be toroidally asymmetric, such as the pellet and/or gas injection experiments., Postprint (published version)
- Published
- 2020
15. Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique (IRM) haute résolution du coeur pour la caractérisation du substrat arythmogène
- Author
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Delcey, Marylène, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux [Bordeaux] (CRCTB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Bordeaux, and Bruno Quesson
- Subjects
Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique ,Cardiologie ,Thermométrie ,Cardiology ,Thermometry ,High Resolution ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Haute résolution - Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is the clinical imaging modality of reference for characterizing anatomical substrate of pathological hearts. In addition to its high diagnostic value resulting from versatile contrasts it can generate, CMR has also a potential interest in interventional imaging for guiding in real-time minimally or non-invasive therapies. However, current spatial resolution of MRI images in clinical scanners remains limited to 1 mm at best, which provides insufficient value for diagnosis and for precise visualization of atrial walls (2 to 5 mm thickness) or for characterizing thermal lesions during interventional procedures. Limited signal-to-noise ratio provided by large receiver coils, together with cardiac and respiratory motions are limiting factors that justify technical developments to increase the value of cardiac MRI. This thesis work aimed at proposing innovative solutions to alleviate the aforementioned challenges, through a combined development of dedicated hardware and software.In order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of MRI and improve spatial selectivity onto the heart, a receive-only surface coil prototype was designed and interfaced with the scanner. We demonstrate that with such a small coil, a gain in SNR of approximately 30 can be achieved and that good quality images with a spatial resolution of 200 µm in-plane can be obtained at clinical field both on ex vivo samples of fixed hearts and on beating hearts.In a second part of the work, motion compensation techniques were investigated exploiting MR-compatible micro-coils embodied on a catheter. A home-made acquisition sequence was implemented, combining rapid (~27 ms) and precise (less than 1 mm uncertainty) 3D measurements of the coil position interleaved with acquisition of several radial k-space lines. Retrospective sorting of raw-data as a function of micro-coil positions allowed reconstruction of good quality images from highly under sampled k-spaces using nonlinear algorithms (compress sensing, total variation, nuFFT). Validation was first assessed on a mobile calibration phantom depicting linear and rotating trajectories with realistic parameters (60-90 bpm, 2 cm amplitude). Then, in vivo evaluation was performed in sheep and in pig to illustrate efficiency of the method and compare it to conventional synchronization with ECG and respiratory sensors.In an attempt to combine high-resolution imaging with motion compensation technique, a preliminary study was conducted that combines imaging with our local surface coil and catheter-based motion compensation using our implemented acquisition sequence and associated reconstruction algorithm. Results obtained in vivo shows the potential of such a technique for providing motion-free high resolved images of the ventricle wall at 300 µm in-plane spatial resolution.These technologies being later intended for human use, safety aspects inherent to insertion of a MRI receiver coil inside the body were also investigated. Since thermal damage is the main risk associated with inserted devices, a MRI-thermometry technique that interleaves acquisition of several gradient echo EPI slices every second and an energy deposition module with adjustable parameters was implemented to quantify temperature evolution in tissue surrounding an implanted wire. Experiments in gel and in human brain demonstrated feasibility to measure temperature change with 0.2°C certainty. Such a precision was considered sufficient to evaluate device safety. The method could therefore be used to establish individualized safety levels for RF exposure in the presence of implanted device (such as an intravascular coil).This thesis work presents the first technical steps toward high-resolution motion free CMR. Applications are better substrate definition for enhanced diagnosis and improved lesion characterization during MR-guided interventional procedures.; L’imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) cardiaque est la modalité clinique de référence pour caractériser le substrat anatomique à l’origine de pathologies cardiaques. En plus de sa haute valeur diagnostic liée à la multiplicité des contrastes qu’elle peut générer, l’IRM cardiaque présente un intérêt potentiel pour le suivi en temps réel des thérapies mini- ou non-invasives en imagerie interventionnelle. Cependant, la résolution spatiale actuelle des images en clinique reste limitée au mieux à 1 mm, ce qui est insuffisant pour fournir un diagnostic précis et estimer l’étendue de la lésion créée par radiofréquence (RF). En particulier, l’exploration de l’oreillette reste difficile du fait de la faible épaisseur du tissu atrial (2 à 5mm). Le rapport signal sur bruit (RSB) limité des antennes utilisées en clinique ainsi que la présence de mouvements respiratoires et cardiaques constituent les principaux verrous technologiques à lever pour augmenter la valeur diagnostic de l’IRM cardiaque.Une première étude s’est concentrée sur l’augmentation du RSB en IRM et l’amélioration de la sélectivité spatiale au niveau du cœur. Un prototype d’antenne de surface en réception seule a été conçu et interfacé avec le scanner. Les expériences menées ont démontré qu’un gain de 30 en RSB pouvait être obtenu en utilisant une telle antenne de surface, permettant l’acquisition d’images à une résolution spatiale de 200 µm dans le plan, à champ clinique, sur échantillons ex vivo comme sur cœur battant.Une deuxième étude s’est attachée au développement d’un algorithme pour la compensation du mouvement basé sur l’exploitation de micro-antennes intégrées à un cathéter. Une séquence d’acquisition qui combine une mesure 3D rapide (~27 ms) et précise (incertitude inférieure à 1 mm) de la position des micro-antennes entrelacée avec une acquisition radiale du k-space a été implémentée. Le tri rétrospectif des données brutes en fonction des positions des micro-antennes a permis de reconstruire des images de bonne qualité à partir de k-space fortement sous-échantillonnés à l'aide d'algorithmes non linéaires (compressed sensing, variation totale, nuFFT). Après validation sur un phantom mobile, décrivant un mouvement de translation linéaire et circulaire avec des paramètres réalistes (60-90 bpm, amplitude de 2cm), une évaluation in vivo a été réalisée sur cochon et mouton. Ceci a permis d’illustrer l’efficacité de la méthode et de la comparer à la méthode conventionnelle de synchronisation cardiaque et respiratoire. Une étude préliminaire combinant l'imagerie avec l’antenne de surface locale et l'algorithme de compensation de mouvement a ensuite été menée. Les résultats obtenus in vivo montrent le potentiel d’une telle technique pour obtenir des images hautes résolution de la paroi ventriculaire (300 µm dans le plan), affranchies de tout mouvement.Ces technologies étant destinées à une utilisation future chez l’homme, les aspects inhérents à l’insertion d’une antenne intravasculaire chez le patient ont été étudiés. Les dommages thermiques étant le principal risque associé aux dispositifs implantés, une méthode de thermométrie IRM alternant un module de déposition d’énergie ajustable avec l’acquisition d’images EPI a été implémentée pour quantifier l’évolution de la température dans les tissus environnant un fil implanté. Les expériences menées sur gel et cerveau humain ont démontré la possibilité de mesurer la température avec une précision de 0.2°C. Une telle précision est considérée suffisante pour évaluer la sécurité des dispositifs implantés.Ce travail de thèse présente les premières étapes techniques vers une IRM cardiaque haute résolution sans mouvement. Les applications sont une meilleure définition du substrat pour un diagnostic amélioré et une meilleure caractérisation des lésions pendant les procédures d’intervention guidées par IRM.
- Published
- 2021
16. Solid state joining of aluminum, titanium and their hybrids by ultrasonic torsion welding.
- Author
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Magin, J. and Balle, F.
- Subjects
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ALUMINUM welding , *TITANIUM welding , *TORSION , *LIGHT metals , *MICROSTRUCTURE , *THERMOMETRY , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *WELDING - Abstract
Solid state joining by the ultrasonic torsion welding technology has been investigated for light metal hybrid joints of aluminum AA1199 (Al4N) and cp-titanium grade 1. Before the welding experiments the materials were thoroughly characterized in the initial state and a surface pre-treatment was developed to increase reproducibility and comparability between individual experiments. On the system side a clamping device designed for the specimen geometry of the single overlap joint and a special welding tool for joints with titanium as upper joining partner were developed. Statistical test methods were used to determine optimized process parameters for ultrasonic torsion welding of the light metals. During the welding process the relevant properties like temperatures and ultrasonic oscillations were measured. Afterwards the joints were tested under tensile shear loading. Detailed light, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy of the joining zone as well as fracture surface analysis were carried out to describe the bonding mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Yoctoliter Thermometry for Single-Molecule Investigations: A Generic Bead-on-a-Tip Temperature-Control Module.
- Author
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Koirala, Deepak, Punnoose, Jibin Abraham, Shrestha, Prakash, and Mao, Hanbin
- Subjects
- *
THERMOMETRY , *LASERS , *GENES , *PHOTOTHERMAL effect , *THERMODYNAMICS - Abstract
A new temperature-jump (T-jump) strategy avoids photo-damage of individual molecules by focusing a low-intensity laser on a black microparticle at the tip of a capillary. The black particle produces an efficient photothermal effect that enables a wide selection of lasers with powers in the milliwatt range to achieve a T-jump of 65 °C within milliseconds. To measure the temperature in situ in single-molecule experiments, the temperature-dependent mechanical unfolding of a single DNA hairpin molecule was monitored by optical tweezers within a yoctoliter volume. Using this bead-on-a-tip module and the robust single-molecule thermometer, full thermodynamic landscapes for the unfolding of this DNA hairpin were retrieved. These approaches are likely to provide powerful tools for the microanalytical investigation of dynamic processes with a combination of T-jump and single-molecule techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. kHz Rate fs/ps-CARS Thermometry in a Representative Aeronautical Combustor
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Ajmal Khan Mohamed, Florestan Guichard, Elodie Lin, Joanna Barros, Axel Vincent, Alexandre Bresson, M. Scherman, R. Santagata, Brigitte Tretout, Pascal Cherubini, DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, and DMPE, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau]
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Materials science ,Turbulence ,business.industry ,Single shot ,Combustion ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,010309 optics ,COMBUSTION ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Optics ,RAMAN ,0103 physical sciences ,Combustor ,SPECTROSCOPIE RAMAN COHERENTE ,THERMOMETRIE ,business ,Bar (unit) - Abstract
International audience; Hybrid fs/ps CARS thermometry has been performed in an aeronautical combustor during turbulent CH4/air combustion (3.5 bar). Single shot N2 CARS spectra have been recorded at 1 kHz, allowing statistical and frequency ([0.1-500] Hz) analysis.; Une campagne de thermométrie par spectroscopie CARS en régime hybride fs/ps a été réalisée dans une flamme turbulente CH4/air (3.5 bar) au sein d'une chambre de combustion aéronautique représentative. des spectres de N2 ont été acquis en tir unique à la cadence de 1 kHz permettant une analyse statistique et fréquentielle (bande [0.1-500] Hz).
- Published
- 2020
19. Non-linear magnetohydrodynamic simulations of pellet triggered edge-localized modes in JET
- Author
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Shimpei Futatani, Stanislas Pamela, Morten Lennholm, G. T. A. Huijsmans, Matthias Hoelzl, D. Frigione, L. Garzotti, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, JOREK Team, JET Contributors, Futatani, S., Pamela, S., Garzotti, L., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Hoelzl, M., Frigione, D., Lennholm, M., Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, and EIRES Eng. for Sustainable Energy Systems
- Subjects
Simulations ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Materials science ,Physical measurements ,MHD ,Termometria ,Física::Termodinàmica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,JOREK ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Pellet ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Thermométrie ,Condensed Matter::Superconductivity ,0103 physical sciences ,Termodinàmica ,Magnetohydrodynamic drive ,010306 general physics ,Física--Mesuraments ,Jet (fluid) ,Toroid ,Divertor ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Plasma ,Mechanics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Heat flux ,JET ,Physics::Space Physics ,Thermodynamics ,ELM ,Magnetohydrodynamics - Abstract
Non-linear magnetohydrodynamic simulations of pellet-triggered edge-localized modes (ELMs) in JET plasma have been carried out with the JOREK code. The pellet particle fuelling efficiency and the power flux at the divertor target during the pellet-triggered ELM have been studied. The pellet injection in unstable plasma delivers the particle fuelling but the pellet fuelling rate is smaller than the rate of particle loss during the pellet triggered ELM. The JOREK simulations estimate the power flux at the divertor target and found good agreement with the experimental observation. The energy deposition of the pellet triggered ELM shows a toroidally asymmetric profile. However, and due to this toroidal asymmetry, this effect cannot be captured by the existing layout of the divertor infra-red (IR) cameras available in JET. This work highlights the benefit of having a larger number of IR cameras to analyse the heat flux for the experiments which are assumed to be toroidally asymmetric, such as the pellet and/or gas injection experiments.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Influence of dust on temperature measurement using infrared thermal imager
- Author
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Pan, Dong, Jiang, Zhaohui, Gui, Weihua, Maldague, Xavier, Jiang, Ke, Pan, Dong, Jiang, Zhaohui, Gui, Weihua, Maldague, Xavier, and Jiang, Ke
- Abstract
Temperature measurement by infrared thermal imager is an attractive technique in many fields, and it is of great importance to ensure the measurement accuracy of the infrared thermal imager. Aiming at the influence of dust on the temperature measurement of infrared thermal imager, this paper summarized the dust influence into three categories: dust on the surface of the measured object, dust on the infrared thermal imager’s lens and dust in the optical path between the measured object and the infrared thermal imager, and conducted three dust experiments. To quantify the measurement errors caused by dust, the infrared thermal image features that are affected by dust are extracted and a compensation model is established based on polynomial regression. The results indicate that dust can introduce measurement errors of infrared thermal imager and the proposed compensation method can compensate for the measurement errors caused by dust and improve the accuracy of infrared thermal imager.
- Published
- 2019
21. Influence of dust on temperature measurement using infrared thermal imager
- Author
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Maldague, X. (Xavier), Jiang, Zhaohui, Pan, Dong, Gui, Weihua, Jiang, Ke, Maldague, X. (Xavier), Jiang, Zhaohui, Pan, Dong, Gui, Weihua, and Jiang, Ke
- Abstract
Temperature measurement by infrared thermal imager is an attractive technique in many fields, and it is of great importance to ensure the measurement accuracy of the infrared thermal imager. Aiming at the influence of dust on the temperature measurement of infrared thermal imager, this paper summarized the dust influence into three categories: dust on the surface of the measured object, dust on the infrared thermal imager’s lens and dust in the optical path between the measured object and the infrared thermal imager, and conducted three dust experiments. To quantify the measurement errors caused by dust, the infrared thermal image features that are affected by dust are extracted and a compensation model is established based on polynomial regression. The results indicate that dust can introduce measurement errors of infrared thermal imager and the proposed compensation method can compensate for the measurement errors caused by dust and improve the accuracy of infrared thermal imager.
- Published
- 2019
22. Laserablation.
- Author
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Rosenberg, C., Hoffmann, C.O.M., Mensel, B., Puls, R., and Hosten, N.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Radiologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Quality assurance for clinical studies in regional deep hyperthermia.
- Author
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Bruggmoser, Gregor, Bauchowitz, Stefan, Canters, Richard, Crezee, Hans, Ehmann, Michael, Gellermann, Johanna, Lamprecht, Ulf, Lomax, Nicoletta, Messmer, Marc, Ott, Oliver, Abdel-Rahman, Sultan, Sauer, Rolf, Schmidt, Manfred, Thomsen, Andreas, Wessalowski, Rüdiger, Rhoon, Gerard, Messmer, Marc Benjamin, Wessalowski, Rüdiger, van Rhoon, Gerard, and ESHO Technical Committee in the Interdisciplinary Working Group Hyperthermia (IAH) in the German Cancer Society
- Abstract
Copyright of Strahlentherapie und Onkologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Ultrasons focalisés de forte intensité pour la thérapie transcrânienne du cerveau.
- Author
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Aubry, J.-F., Marsac, L., Pernot, M., Robert, B., Boch, A.-L., Chauvet, D., Salameh, N., Souris, L., Darasse, L., Bittoun, J., Martin, Y., Cohen-Bacrie, C., Souquet, J., Fink, M., and Tanter, M.
- Subjects
MAGNETIC resonance imaging of the brain ,BRAIN tomography ,ULTRASONIC encephalography ,MEDICAL thermometry ,TREATMENT of brain cancer ,BRAIN diseases ,PATIENTS - Abstract
Copyright of IRBM is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Évaluation de la température cutanée des patients atteints de sclérodermie traités périodiquement par iloprost
- Author
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Caramaschi, Paola, Biasi, Domenico, Canestrini, Sabrina, Martinelli, Nicola, Perbellini, Luigi, Carletto, Antonio, Pieropan, Sara, Volpe, Alessandro, and Bambara, Lisa Maria
- Abstract
Résumé: Buts. – Évaluer par thermométrie numérique assistée par ordinateur l''effet des perfusions périodiques d''iloprost sur la température cutanée digitale des patients atteints de sclérodermie. Méthodes. – Vingt-deux patients ambulatoires atteints de sclérodermie (un homme, 21 femmes, âge moyen 54,2 années) ont subi trois mesures de la température cutanée par thermométrie numérique assistée par ordinateur : la première trois jours avant un cycle de cinq jours de perfusions d''iloprost ; la deuxième juste à la fin du cinquième jour de perfusion et la troisième un mois après le cycle de perfusion. La température cutanée était mesurée dans les conditions de base, immédiatement après un test au froid et après une période de récupération de 18 minutes. Les résultats sont comparés à la température cutanée mesurée dans les mêmes conditions de dix sujets témoins appariés pour l''âge et le sexe. Résultats. – Avant les perfusions d''iloprost, la température cutanée digitale après le test au froid et la période de récupération était plus basse chez les patients atteints de sclérodermie par rapport aux sujets témoins alors qu''elle était identique avant le test au froid. Juste après le cycle de perfusion et un mois plus tard, la température cutanée digitale à la fin de la période de récupération est passée de 27,8±5,3 °C avant le traitement à respectivement 30,4±3,5 et 30,0±4,5 °C (p <0,05 pour les deux valeurs). Il n''y avait pas de différence significative pour la température cutanée digitale avant et après le test au froid. Conclusion. – L''administration de l''iloprost pendant cinq jours permet de normaliser la température cutanée digitale après une exposition au froid non seulement immédiatement après la fin des perfusions mais également à un mois de distance. Malgré sa demi-vie courte, son effet sur l''endothélium est prolongé. [Copyright 2006 Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
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- View/download PDF
26. Magnetresonanztomographiegesteuerter fokussierter Ultraschall (MRgFUS) in der Tumortherapie—eine neuartige nichtinvasive Therapieoption.
- Author
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Hengst, S., Ehrenstein, T., Herzog, H., Beck, A., Utz-Billing, I., David, M., Felix, R., and Ricke, J.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Radiologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. MRT-gestützte Thermometrie in der regionalen Tiefenhyperthermie und interstitiellen Laserthermotherapie.
- Author
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Peller, M., Muacevic, A., Reinl, H., Sroka, R., Abdel-Rahman, S., Issels, R., and Reiser, M.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Radiologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Femtosecond Raman time-resolved molecular spectroscopy
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Lavorel, Bruno, Tran, Ha, Hertz, Edouard, Faucher, Olivier, Joubert, Pierre, Motzkus, Marcus, Buckup, Tiago, Lang, Tobias, Skenderovi, Hrvoje, Knopp, Gregor, Beaud, Paul, and Frey, Hans M.
- Subjects
- *
POLARIZATION spectroscopy , *RAMAN spectroscopy , *MOLECULAR spectroscopy , *TEMPERATURE , *MOLECULES - Abstract
The applicability of several femtosecond time resolved non-linear coherent techniques such as Raman induced polarization spectroscopy (RIPS), degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) for molecular spectroscopy is presented. All methods rely on the initial coherent excitation of molecular states producing wavepackets, whose time evolution is then measured. In the case of RIPS and DFWM only pure rotational transitions are involved, whereas in CARS vibrational states can be excited. First the methodology of concentration and temperature measurements using RIPS in gas mixtures involving N2, CO2, O2, and N2O is shown. In addition some applications are given for the two closely related techniques DFWM and CARS. DFWM is suitable to extract the rotational constants of molecules to a high accuracy as is demonstrated by measurements on CO2 and pyrimidine, which is a biological building block. CARS can be used to study higher order molecular constants and to sensitively determine temperature in, e.g., H2 up to 2000 K. Finally, CARS is applied for the investigation of pressure dependent lineshape models, which are important for the temperature evaluation from spectroscopic data. To cite this article: B. Lavorel et al., C. R. Physique 5 (2004). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2004
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29. Spontaneous rotational Raman thermometry for air flow characterization in a turbomachine test rig
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Alexandre Bresson, R. Santagata, M. Scherman, Alexander Krumme, Jean Pierre Faleni, Brigitte Attal-Trétout, Mikael Orain, DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), ONERA / DMPE, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, and Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
- Subjects
Materials science ,thermometry ,Acoustics ,SPECTROSCOPIE RAMAN ,Airflow ,spontaneous Raman scattering ,[PHYS.MECA.GEME]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph] ,02 engineering and technology ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Turbine ,law.invention ,symbols.namesake ,Thermocouple ,law ,Turbomachinery ,General Materials Science ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Spectroscopy ,DIFFUSION RAMAN SPONTANEE ,turbomachine ,Rotor (electric) ,010401 analytical chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,0104 chemical sciences ,laser diagnostics ,Raman spectroscopy ,symbols ,THERMOMETRIE ,0210 nano-technology ,Raman scattering - Abstract
International audience; Non-invasive and accurate measurements are essential to study the reactive flows in aeronautical engines. This paper reports the results of a unique measurement campaign providing the temperature flowfield in a large scale facility turbomachine test rig using spontaneous rotational Raman scattering technique. Different planes of interest and operating conditions are probed, showing good agreement with thermocouple measurements. Fast temperature variations (>7.7 kHz) could be probed thanks to synchronization of the laser pulse with the rotor clock. Results outline the performance of in situ Raman technique to investigate steady and unsteady flows in turbine's conditions.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Amplified laser architecture for ultrafast ro-vibrational fs/ps-CARS thermometry in flames
- Author
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Scherman, Michael, Santagata, Rosa, BRESSON, Alexandre, Tretout, Brigitte, DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), and André, Cécile
- Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,[SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics] ,DRASC ,[PHYS] Physics [physics] ,CARS SPECTROSCOPY ,THERMOMETRY ,COMBUSTION ,LASER AMPLIFICATION ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,RAMAN ,AMPLIFICATEUR LASER ,CARS ,FEMTOSECOND LASER ,SPECTROSCOPIE RAMAN COHERENTE ,LASER FEMTOSECONDE ,THERMOMETRIE - Abstract
International audience; Hybrid fs/ps-CARS spectroscopy has proven to be a standard for thermometry in reactive media such as combustion [1,2]. Ro-vibrational resolved spectra are of great interest for the fine characterization of molecular gases and complex environment such as non-equilibrium media [1]. However, in conventional single laser hybrid fs/ps-CARS setup, the spectral resolution is obtained at the expense of laser energy since a filtering stage is used to generate the picosecond probe [2,3].To go beyond this limitation, new laser architecture is proposed and implemented. In this setup, the 3 hybrid fs/ps-CARS laser beams, pump, Stokes and probe, are produced out of a single compact femtosecond laser with moderate output pulse energy (1 mJ). On the probe path, a custom Yb:YAG crystalline fiber [4] amplifier (Fibercryst) is used in combination with an ultra-narrow filtering stage (volume Bragg grating [3]). Starting from a 100 cm-1 wideband, 150 fs laser pulse at 1030 nm with 100 μJ energy, this design allows generating a 0.37 cm-1 narrowband, 60 ps probe pulse with 100 μJ energy at 515 nm.This arrangement is used to acquire single shot CARS spectra in flames with good enough signal to noise ratio to perform 1 kHz temperature measurements. The setup was tested on ambient air (Fig. 1 (a)), a premixed stoichiometric CH4/air flame (Fig. 1 (b)) and a C2H2/O2 torch (Fig. 1 (c)). Experimental spectra were compared to simulations in order to estimate the temperature. Mean temperatures of 295 K, 2150 K and 3126 K were measured in these media with respective standard deviations of 9 K (1 %), 22 k (1 %) and 105 K (3.3%). State of the art precision in the range 300-3000 K is obtained. The influence of probe delay and polarization is also investigated to provide efficient nonresonant background rejection. We believe this new optical design to be of great interest for application of high speed CARS spectroscopy in media were high spectral resolution is required such as non-equilibrium environment or complex molecular mixtures.
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- 2019
31. Projet « DIGUINTELLIGENT » Recherche et développement d'une technologie de détection et de quantification d'écoulements dans les digues
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Chevrier, P., Coudray, P., Pezard, P.A., Neyens, D., and Cousteau, J.
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méthodes électriques ,fibre optique ,érosion interne ,thermométrie ,réseau de Bragg - Abstract
L’érosion interne, qui est définie comme l’entraînement progressif des particules constituant un ouvrage sous l’action de l’écoulement qui le traverse, est à l’origine d’un grand nombre de ruptures de digues. De 2012 à 2016, le projet DIGUINTELLIGENT a mis au point un système de surveillance des écoulements dans les ouvrages hydrauliques de type digue. Le système de surveillance visait notamment à réaliser un suivi intégré et continu de l’état hydrique des massifs, à localiser les écoulements anormaux et à tenter de quantifier les débits de fuite en temps réel. Le projet vise plus largement à développer une stratégie opérationnelle de mesures intégrées permettant d’évaluer en temps réel les risques de rupture d’ouvrages, et à proposer une aide à la décision adaptée quant au déclenchement d’opérations de réparation. Le principe général est d’augmenter la réactivité des équipes de surveillance en cas de dysfonctionnement des ouvrages et de minimiser grandement les risques de rupture. Le projet a consisté en la conception, le test sur un ouvrage expérimental et la validation d’un système innovant de surveillance d’une digue avec la conception d’un ensemble de capteurs expérimentaux parmi lesquels la fibre optique (réseaux de Bragg) pour la localisation des écoulements, des capteurs de potentiel électrique spontané (PES) pour la quantification des écoulements, la construction d’un site d’expérimentation grandeur nature, la mise en place d’un protocole de tests et l’analyse des résultats. Après avoir exposé les principaux enjeux et objectifs du projet, l’article présentera la méthodologie appliquée pour la conception du démonstrateur (réalisation d’une digue «neuve» et d’une digue « ancienne »), et la conception de l’instrumentation mise en place (réseaux de fibres optiques, capteurs de potentiel électrique spontané (PES), mesures de résistivité électrique). Dans un second temps, le protocole expérimental et les différentes manipulations seront décrits, avant de présenter les résultats issus de l’interprétation des données acquises lors des tests et de conclure avec les perspectives se dessinant à l’issue de l’expérimentation.
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- 2019
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32. Spontaneous rotational Raman thermometry for air flow characterization in a turbomachine test rig
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Scherman, Michael, Santagata, Rosa, Faleni, Jean Pierre, Orain, Mikaël, BRESSON, Alexandre, Attal‐tretout, Brigitte, Krumme, Alexander, DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), ONERA / DMPE, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, and Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
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THERMOMETRY ,TURBOMACHINE ,DIFFUSION RAMAN SPONTANEE ,SPECTROSCOPIE RAMAN ,RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ,[PHYS.MECA.GEME]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,THERMOMETRIE ,LASER DIAGNOSTICS ,SPONTANEOUS RAMAN SCATTERING - Abstract
International audience; Non-invasive and accurate measurements are essential to study the reactive flows in aeronautical engines. This paper reports the results of a unique measurement campaign providing the temperature flowfield in a large scale facility turbomachine test rig using spontaneous rotational Raman scattering technique. Different planes of interest and operating conditions are probed, showing good agreement with thermocouple measurements. Fast temperature variations (>7.7 kHz) could be probed thanks to synchronization of the laser pulse with the rotor clock. Results outline the performance of in situ Raman technique to investigate steady and unsteady flows in turbine's conditions.
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- 2019
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33. Thermométrie Raman cohérente pour l'étude de la combustion
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M. Scherman, Alexandre Bresson, R. Santagata, Joanna Barros, Brigitte Attal-Trétout, DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), and CERN [Genève]
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THERMOMETRY ,COMBUSTION ,RAMAN ,[SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment ,DRASC ,SPECTROSCOPIE DRASC ,THERMOMETRIE ,CARS SPECTROSCOPY - Abstract
International audience; La combustion est un sujet d’intérêt pour une large variété de domaines d’applications civils ou militaires. Comprendre les phénomènes physico-chimiques à l’oeuvre dans ces milieux complexes, et les décrire à l’aide de modèles éprouvés, sont des enjeux majeurs qui requièrent des mesures fiables et quantitatives. La spectroscopie par diffusion Raman anti-Stokes cohérente (DRASC ou CARS en anglais) a démontré des performances inégalées pour la mesure de température. Cette technique a été implémentée avec de nombreuses architectures laser, et appliquée avec succès à un large éventail de milieux.
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- 2019
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34. Schnelle thermometrische Siliciumbestimmung in Gußeisen und Stahl.
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Brandštetr, Jiří, Huleja, Josef, Sajó, István, and Strauß, Hasso
- Abstract
Copyright of Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 1980
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35. Mechanisiertes thermometrisches Analysenverfahren zur Bestimmung von Substanzen in weiten Konzentrationsbereichen.
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Peuschel, G. and Hagedorn, F.
- Abstract
Copyright of Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 1975
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36. Acoustique pour la métrologie - Métrologie pour l'acoustique
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Guianvarc'h, Cécile, Laboratoire commun de métrologie LNE-CNAM (LCM), Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais [Trappes] (LNE )-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Le Mans Université, Bertrand Dubus, and Guianvarc'h, Cécile
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[PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of the fluids [physics.class-ph] ,thermometry ,mélanges gazeux ,fluides thermo-visqueux ,thermométrie ,électroacoustique ,[PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph] ,metrology ,microphones ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,constante de Boltzmann ,[PHYS.MECA.MEFL] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph] ,acoustique ,fluides diphasiques ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,[PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph] ,electroacoustics ,[PHYS.MECA.ACOU] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph] ,acoustics ,Boltzmann constant ,métrologie ,thermoviscous fluids ,gas mixtures ,two-phase fluids - Published
- 2018
37. Nanostructures à propriétés optiques et thermiques pour l’élaboration de « Nanothermomètres »
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Glais, Estelle, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Corinne Chanéac, and Bruno Viana
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ZnGa2O4 :Cr3+ ,Luminescence ,Caractérisations structurales ,Structural characterizations ,Thermométrie ,Nanoparticules ,Nanoparticles ,Thermometry ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,[CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry - Abstract
The study of the variation of luminescent properties with temperature is one of the promising way to measure temperature. Recent studies showed that luminescent nanomaterials allow a local and contactless temperature determination. This could be very useful in many applications like medicine, aeronautic, and marine or in the understanding of catalytic mechanism. ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ is a potential nanothermometer because of its high sensitivity on a large temperature range. Indeed, the luminescence lifetime is drastically dependent on temperature since the 4T2 and 2E emitted levels are in thermal equilibrium. In this study, we firstly optimized the luminescence properties of 10 nm in diameter nanoparticles with the aim of improving their capability as thermal nanosensor. In order to generate a local temperature increase, gold nanorods are then synthetized. Under an appropriate excitation, such gold nanoparticles may induce a heating due to their plasmonic properties. Once the calibration of the nanosensor is effective and the heat generation is highlighted by thermal camera pictures, both nanoheaters and nanothermometers were introduced in the same medium. The variation of the optical nanosensor response is promising. Thus this coupled system is considered as a potential candidate for hyperthermia treatments with a precise and controlled temperature.; L’étude de la variation des propriétés de luminescence en fonction de la température est une méthode très prometteuse pour mesurer la température. Des études récentes ont montré que les nanomatériaux permettaient une détermination locale et sans contact de la température. Une telle mesure trouverait des applications dans de nombreux domaines comme la médecine, l’aéronautique, la marine ou dans la compréhension de mécanismes en catalyse. Les nanoparticules de composition ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ sont de potentielles candidates du fait de leur haute sensibilité sur une large gamme de température. En effet, le temps de vie de luminescence dépend drastiquement de la température puisque les deux niveaux émetteurs 4T2 and 2E sont en équilibre thermique. Dans ces travaux, les propriétés de luminescence des nanoparticules de 10 nm de diamètre sont dans un premier temps optimisées dans le but d’améliorer leurs performances en tant que capteur thermique. Par la suite, dans l’optique de générer une élévation locale de température, des nanobâtonnets d’or dont synthétisés. Sous excitation, ces nanoobjets sont capables d’induire une élévation de température grâce à leurs propriétés plasmoniques. Après calibration des nanocapteurs, et mise en évidence de l’élévation de température par le biais d’une caméra thermique, les nanosources de chaleur et les nanothermomètres sont mis en contact dans le même milieu. La variation de la réponse du nanothermomètre est très prometteuse, c’est pourquoi ce type de système permettant une élévation de température précise et contrôlée est envisagé pour des applications dans des traitements hyperthermiques.
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- 2018
38. Thermométrie Raman spontanée pour la caractérisation de l'écoulement d'air dans une turbomachine
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Scherman, Michael, Faleni, Jean Pierre, Orain, Mikael, BRESSON, Alexandre, Santagata, Rosa, Attal-Trétout, Brigitte, Krumme, Alexander, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), ONERA, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris Saclay, IRSN, and Sciencesconf.org, CCSD
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[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic ,Thermométrie ,[SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment ,[SPI.PLASMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas ,[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic ,[SPI.PLASMA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas ,Laser ,Spectroscopie ,[SPI.FLUID] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment ,Raman ,[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing ,[SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing ,Turbomachine - Abstract
International audience; Un système de spectroscopie rotationnelle par diffusion Raman spontanée a été développé et utilisé pour mesurer le champ de température sur un banc d’essai turbo-machine en différents plans d’intérêt de l’écoulement et pour plusieurs points de fonctionnement. Les cartographies du champ de température obtenues en Raman ont été comparées aux mesures effectuées à l’aide d’une sonde 5 trous. Cette campagne démontre les performances de la technique Raman spontanée pour la caractérisation d’un écoulement stationnaire et instationnaire dans des conditions expérimentales synchronisées sur le rotor.
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- 2018
39. Thermométrie par diffusion Raman anti-Stokes Cohérente hybride femto/picoseconde dans les écoulements réactifs
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Santagata, Rosa, Scherman, Michael, Nafa, Malik, Faleni, Jean Pierre, Bresson, Alexandre, Tretout, Brigitte, DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris Saclay, IRSN, and Sciencesconf.org, CCSD
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[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic ,[SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment ,[SPI.PLASMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas ,[SPI.PLASMA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas ,DRASC ,[SPI.FLUID] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment ,laser ,Thermométrie ,[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic ,CARS ,femtoseconde ,Raman ,[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing ,[SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing - Abstract
International audience; Nous présentons dans cet article le potentiel applicatif du banc de spectroscopie DRASC ro-vibrationelle de l’ONERA en régime hybride femtoseconde/picoseconde développé pour la thermométrie dans les écoulements réactifs. L’investigation d’une flamme CH4/air ( 2000 K) a été réalisée avec ce dispositif par des séries de mesures en tir unique, moyennées et à différentes hauteurs dans la flamme. Ces résultats ont été utilisés pour évaluer la précision de la mesure obtenue avec le dispositif hybride. Une étude montre également comment l’ajustement des paramètres de sonde, de retard temporel et de la polarisation, permet d’optimiser la mesure en augmentant la plage de températures mesurables en tir unique, et en rejetant efficacement les contributions non-résonantes. Finalement, nous démontrons que notre montage permet de détecter la contribution d’espèces minoritaires en exploitant l’effet d’amplification opéré sur le signal lorsque les faisceaux excitateurs sont placés sur une résonance électronique des molécules
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- 2018
40. Fiber optic thermometry in Levees - Analysis of temperature measurements at KP230.7 RD over January 2015-September 2016 (Avignon site, FO3D Project)
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Bonelli, Stéphane, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CNR, and INRAE
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[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,thermometry ,dike ,Fiber optic ,levee ,MESH: digue ,fibre optique ,thermométrie - Published
- 2018
41. Mesure de température d‘une goutte par rétrodiffusion et par la thermométrie standard par arc-en-ciel
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Vetrano, Maria Rosaria and Sciencesconf.org, CCSD
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[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic ,rétrodiffusion ,[SPI.PLASMA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas ,thermométrie ,[SPI.FLUID] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,[SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing - Abstract
ispartof: actes du Congrès Francophone de Techniques Laser, CFTL 2018 ispartof: Congrès Francophone de Techniques Laser, CFTL 2018 location:Dourdan, Paris status: accepted
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- 2018
42. Experimente für das neue Internationale Einheitensystem (SI), 2. Auflage 07 / 2018
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Scharf, Rainer, Middelmann, Thomas, Bauch, Andreas, Weyers, Stefan, Peik, Ekkehard, Schödel, René, Scherer, Hansjörg, Siegner, Uwe, Becker, Peter, Bettin, Horst, Gläser, Michael, Fischer, Joachim, Fellmuth, Bernd, Gaiser, Christof, Sperling, Armin, and Kück, Stefan
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Lichtgeschwindigkeit ,Neudefinitionen der Einheiten ,Zeit ,Basiseinheit Candela ,Stoffmenge ,Temperatur ,Quanten-Hall-Effekt ,elektrische Stromstärke ,Elementarladung ,Atomuhr ,Länge ,Frequenznormal ,Boltzmann-Konstante ,Internationales Einheitensystem (SI) ,Dielektrizitätskonstanten-Gasthermometrie ,Quantennormale ,Basiseinheit Mol ,Basiseinheit Kelvin ,Siliziumkristallkugel ,Avogadro-Konstante ,Lichtstärke ,Basiseinheit Meter ,Basiseinheit Kilogramm ,Optische Atomuhr ,Wattwaage ,Einzelelektronenpumpe (SET) ,Basiseinheit Ampere ,Basiseinheit Sekunde ,Thermometrie ,Meterkonvention ,Laserkühlung ,Masse ,Avogadro-Projekt ,photometrisches Strahlungsäquivalent ,Caesiumatomuhr ,Basiseinheiten ,Planck-Konstante ,Josephson-Effekt ,Uhrenübergang ,Interferometrie ,Naturkonstanten - Abstract
PTB-Mitteilungen. Band 126 (2016), Heft 2. ISSN 0030-834X
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- 2018
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43. Dissemination of the thermodynamic temperature using high-temperature fixed-points : towards a new 'mise en pratique du kelvin'
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Bourson, Frédéric, Laboratoire commun de métrologie LNE-CNAM (LCM), Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais [Trappes] (LNE )-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, Marc Himbert, and STAR, ABES
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Dissémination ,Thermométrie ,Kelvin ,Métrologie thermique ,[SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph] ,Thermometry ,Thermodynamic temperature ,Température thermodynamique ,Temperature metrology ,[SPI.MECA.THER] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph] - Abstract
Research dedicated to high-temperature-fixed-points (HTFPs) have been intensified since 1996, further to a recommendation of the Consultative Committee for Thermometry to develop references above 2000 °C. National Laboratories of Metrology envolved in the development of HTFPs based on metal-carbon alloys. These fixed points showed phase transitions at reproducible temperatures independently to the proportion of carbon in the metal. The international projects that followed the first developments allowed increasing the robustness and the long-term stability of the fixed points and highlighted the importance of the thermal conditions of implementation. Today these fixed points show a reproducibility of about 0.1 °C and are on the way to strengthen the accuracy of radiation thermometry measurements at high temperatures, up to now, limited by the uncertainty of the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90). A project to measure the thermodynamic temperature of the most studied HTFPs by a radiometric method was recently led. Results of this absolute measurement is a step towards the future mise en pratique of the kelvin at high temperature, by a direct dissemination of the thermodynamic temperature without any link to the ITS-90. This document describes the main steps from the conception of these new references, up to the measurement of their thermodynamic temperature., Les recherches consacrées aux points fixes à haute température (PFHT) ont été intensifiées depuis 1996, suite à une recommandation du Comité Consultatif de Thermométrie de développer des références au-delà de 2000 °C. Les Laboratoires Nationaux de Métrologie se sont alors engagés dans le développement de PFHT construits à partir d'alliages de métal et de carbone. Ces points fixes ont montré des transitions de phase à des températures reproductibles indépendamment de la proportion de carbone dans le métal. Les projets internationaux qui ont suivis les premiers developpements ont permis d'accroitre la robustesse et la stabilité à long terme des points fixes et ont mis en évidence l'importance des conditions thermiques de mise en œuvre. Aujourd'hui ces points fixes montrent une reproductibilité de l'ordre de 0.1 °C et sont en voie de renforcer l'exactitude des mesures pyrométriques aux plus hautes températures, jusqu'ici limitée par l'incertitude d'extrapolation dans l'Echelle Internationale de Température (EIT-90). Un projet de mesure par voie radiométrique de la température thermodynamique des PFHT les plus étudiés a été récemment mené. Les résulats de ces mesures absolues permettent aujourd'hui d'aborder la future mise-en-pratique du kelvin à haute température, par des méthodes de dissémination directe de la température thermodynamique sans recours à l'EIT-90. Ce document décrit les principales étapes depuis la conception de ces nouvelles références, jusqu'à la mesure de leur température thermodynamique.
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- 2017
44. Hybrid fs/ps CARS spectroscopy at high repetition rate (kHz) for gas thermometry
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Nafa, Malik, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pierre Joubert, Michael Scherman, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
- Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics] ,Laser based diagnostic ,Thermométrie ,Lasers Femtoseconde ,Femtosecond Lasers ,Spectroscopie ,Thermometry ,Hybrid fs/ps ,Diagnostic optique ,Diffusion Raman anti-Stokes Cohérente ,Spectroscopy ,Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering ,Hybride fs/ps - Abstract
Coherent spectroscopy such as Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) is commonly used for the study of reactive media.Following the recent progress encountered in laser sources and detectors, this thesis work proposes an adaptation of the technique for temperature measurements that exploits the ultra-short pulse regime (femtosecond, picosecond) to operate at high repetition-rate.The developed hybrid fs/ps-CARS setup delivers a 30-ps probe pulse using a femtosecond laser source and a Volume Bragg Grating. The obtained spectral resolution is 0,7 cm-1, which represents, within this pulse generation framework, the state of the art. This setup is applied to ro-vibrational spectroscopy of several molecular species.The interaction in the hybrid regime is described through a CARS simulation model that has been implemented. The modelling takes into account both the amplitude and the phase profiles of the probe pulse, and its delay to the femtosecond excitation. Influence of molecular collisions in the hybrid regime is also discussed.This modelling has been validated by fitting calculated spectra on experimental spectra recorded in ambient air, and in a premixed CH4/air flame. Temperature has been then measured at atmospheric pressure in these media. The precision is similar to the hybrid fs/ps-CARS thermometry state of the art.This work validates our N2 thermometry approach based on both the developed CARS setup and simulation model. Short term perspectives of this work are measurements on real combustion chambers at ONERA, by extrapolating our simulation model at high pressure.; L'utilisation de techniques de spectroscopie cohérente comme la diffusion Raman anti-Stokes cohérente (DRASC) sont communément utilisées pour l'analyse quantitative de milieux réactifs.Dans le cadre des progrès récents des sources lasers et des détecteurs, ce travail de thèse propose une adaptation de la technique de mesure de température au régime des impulsions ultra-courtes (femtoseconde, picoseconde) à haute cadence.Le développement d'un dispositif expérimental de DRASC en régime hybride fs/ps utilisant un laser femtoseconde et un réseau de Bragg en volume a permis de générer une impulsion de sonde de 30 ps. Dans la configuration choisie pour ce travail, la résolution spectrale est de 0,7 cm-1, ce qui réprésente l'état de l'art. Ce dispositif est appliqué à la spectroscopie ro-vibrationnelle de plusieurs espèces moléculaires.Pour décrire l'interaction dans ce régime temporel, un modèle de simulation des spectres DRASC est implémenté. Cette modélisation prend notamment en compte le profil en amplitude et phase de la sonde ainsi que son retard par rapport à l'excitation femtoseconde. L'influence des collisions moléculaires est discutée dans le cadre du régime hybride.Les ajustements des spectres calculés sur des spectres expérimentaux enregistrés dans l'air ambiant et dans une flamme de prémélange CH4/air, permettent de valider la modélisation proposée dans ce travail. En particulier, la température est mesurée à froid et à chaud à pression atmosphérique, avec une précision comparable à l'état de l'art dans le régime hybride fs/ps.Ce travail permet d'obtenir des résultats probants, et de valider la pertinence du montage développé pour la thermométrie. Fort de ces résultats, des applications en chambre de combustion réelles sont envisagées à court terme à l'ONERA, notamment par l'extrapolation du modèle à haute pression.
- Published
- 2017
45. Instrumentation thermique et cinématique des parois à permafrost du massif du Mont Blanc
- Author
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Ludovic Ravanel, Jan Beutel, Paolo Pogliotti, P.A Duvillard, Umberto Morra di Cella, Fabrizio Troilo, Stephan Gruber, Grégoire Guillet, Florence Magnin, Emmanuel Malet, Philip Deline, EDYTEM, Océane Giorda, Emmanuel Malet, Laurent Astrade, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondation Montagne Sure, ARPA Valle d'Aosta (Aosta Valley Regional Environmental Protection Agency), Aosta Valley Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Glaciology, Geomorphodynamics and Geochronology, Department of Geography [Zürich], and Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)
- Subjects
Mont Blanc massif ,rock walls ,permafrost ,temperature measurements ,extensometry ,high mountain ,[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,13. Climate action ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,General Medicine ,01 natural sciences ,massif du Mont Blanc ,thermométrie ,fissurométrie ,haute montagne ,parois rocheuses ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Unlike the superficial deposits in which the presence of permafrost is indicated by geomorphological evidences, its occurrence in the rock walls can only be suggested by the existence of perennial ice sheets or hanging glaciers. Everywhere else, only indirect (geophysics) or direct temperature measurements make it possible to verify its presence. In these rock walls, permafrost and its degradation due to global warming are at the origin of rock falls and rock avalanches with a devastating power. In order to know the state and the thermal evolution of the rock walls, to parameterize or validate the permafrost distribution models, or to survey the kinematics of the fractures in the bedrock, it is necessary to monitor these rock walls. This article presents the methods of instrumentation and the equipment used for more than 10 years in the Mont Blanc massif as well as the associated research questions., Contrairement aux formations superficielles au sein desquelles la présence de permafrost peut être attestée par certains indices géomorphologiques, son occurrence dans les parois rocheuses ne peut qu’être suggérée par l’existence de couvertures de glace pérennes ou de glaciers suspendus. Partout ailleurs, seules des mesures indirectes (géophysiques) ou directes de température permettent de vérifier sa présence. Dans ces parois, le permafrost et sa dégradation causée par le réchauffement climatique sont à l’origine d’écroulements et d’avalanches rocheuses aux effets dévastateurs. Pour connaître l’état et l’évolution thermique des parois, paramétrer ou valider les modèles de distribution du permafrost, ou suivre la cinématique des fractures qui découpent les massifs rocheux, il est donc nécessaire d’instrumenter les parois. Cet article présente les modalités d’instrumentation et les matériels utilisés depuis plus de 10 ans dans le massif du Mont Blanc ainsi que les questions de recherche qui leur sont associées., Ravanel Ludovic, Malet Emmanuel, Duvillard Pierre-Alain, Magnin Florence, Deline Philip, Guillet Grégoire, Troilo Fabrizio, Pogliotti Paolo, Morra di Cella Umberto, Beutel Jan, Gruber Stephan. Instrumentation thermique et cinématique des parois à permafrost du massif du Mont Blanc. In: Collection EDYTEM. Cahiers de géographie, numéro 19, 2017. Monitoring en milieux naturels. Retours d’expériences en terrains difficiles. pp. 27-38.
- Published
- 2017
46. Nouvelle architecture laser pour la thermométrie par spectroscopie DRASC en régime hybride fs/ps
- Author
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Nafa, M., Scherman, M., Danvy, H., Bresson, A., Godard, A., Schmid, T., Joubert, P., Attal-Trétout, B., ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
- Subjects
DRASC ,SPECTROSCOPIE DRASC ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,THERMOMETRIE ,LASER FEMTOSECONDE - Abstract
International audience; Nous présentons dans cet article le banc de spectroscopie DRASC ro-vibrationnelle de l'ONERA en régime hybride femtoseconde/picoseconde (fs/ps). Les équations qui régissent l'interaction DRASC en régime hybride sont présentées, en détaillant les étapes d'excitation du milieu par des impulsions pompe et Stokes femtosecondes, et de lecture des cohérences à l'aide d'une impulsion de sonde picoseconde. Des spectres DRASC résolvant la structure ro-vibrationnelle de la branche Q de N 2 ont pu être obtenus à l'aide de faisceaux pompe et Stokes à 515 et 583 nm, et d'une sonde à 515 nm de largeur 0.7 cm-1. Finalement, nous présentons les mesures de température réalisées à partir des spectres DRASC de N 2 acquis : à haute cadence (1 kHz) dans l'air ambiant, et à basse cadence (2 Hz) dans une flamme CH4 /air.
- Published
- 2016
47. Experimente für das neue Internationale Einheitensystem (SI)
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Scharf, Rainer, Middelmann, Thomas, Bauch, Andreas, Weyers, Stefan, Peik, Ekkehard, Schödel, René, Scherer, Hansjörg, Siegner, Uwe, Becker, Peter, Bettin, Horst, Gläser, Michael, Fischer, Joachim, Fellmuth, Bernd, Gaiser, Christof, Sperling, Armin, and Kück, Stefan
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Lichtgeschwindigkeit ,Neudefinitionen der Einheiten ,Zeit ,Basiseinheit Candela ,Stoffmenge ,Temperatur ,Quanten-Hall-Effekt ,elektrische Stromstärke ,Elementarladung ,Atomuhr ,Länge ,Frequenznormal ,Boltzmann-Konstante ,Internationales Einheitensystem (SI) ,Dielektrizitätskonstanten-Gasthermometrie ,Quantennormale ,Basiseinheit Mol ,Basiseinheit Kelvin ,Siliziumkristallkugel ,Avogadro-Konstante ,Lichtstärke ,Basiseinheit Meter ,Basiseinheit Kilogramm ,Optische Atomuhr ,Wattwaage ,Einzelelektronenpumpe (SET) ,Basiseinheit Ampere ,Basiseinheit Sekunde ,Thermometrie ,Meterkonvention ,Laserkühlung ,Masse ,Avogadro-Projekt ,photometrisches Strahlungsäquivalent ,Caesiumatomuhr ,Basiseinheiten ,Planck-Konstante ,Josephson-Effekt ,Uhrenübergang ,Interferometrie ,Naturkonstanten - Abstract
PTB-Mitteilungen. Band 126 (2016), Heft 2. ISSN 0030-834X
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Wie viel Energie steckt in der Temperatur?
- Author
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Fischer, Joachim, Fellmuth, Bernd, and Gaiser, Christof
- Subjects
Internationales Einheitensystem (SI) ,Dielektrizitätskonstanten-Gasthermometrie ,Temperatur ,Basiseinheit Kelvin ,Thermometrie ,Boltzmann-Konstante - Abstract
PTB-Mitteilungen. Band 126 (2016), Heft 2. ISSN 0030-834X
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Laserablation: Brauchen wir sie noch?
- Author
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Rosenberg, C., Hoffmann, C.O.M., Mensel, B., Puls, R., and Hosten, N.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Stratification thermique et optique d'un environnement enfumé et interactions eau/fumée sous aspersion
- Author
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Morlon, Romain, Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine, Pascal Boulet, and Gilles Parent
- Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other ,Fumée -- Lutte contre ,FDSv6 ,Visibilité ,Fire Safety ,Visibility/Opacity ,Fumée ,Experiment ,Sécurité Incendie ,Refroidissement par pulvérisation ,Incendies -- Prévention ,Thermométrie ,Smoke ,Expérimental ,Aspersion ,Visibilité/Opacité - Abstract
Accès restreint aux membres de l'Université de Lorraine jusqu'au 2017-11-27; This work was devoted to the study of water/smoke interactions in the case of water mist activation on a smoke layer. The aim was to investigate the effects observed on thermal and optical properties when injecting water particles using sprinkler or water mist devices through a smoke layer generated with an heptane pool fire. A first review was reported in order to highlight the researches devoted to water aspersion for firefighting and the smoke stratification phenomena. An experimental study based on 50 runs at real scale was presented, involving optical and thermal measurements. In particular, a laser opacimeter system was developed, which allowed measuring the smoke opacity and the effects of smoke/water interactions on opacity and visibility. Afterwards, a numerical study was conducted. On the one hand fire tests were simulated using the FDS 6th version (Fire Dynamics Simulator) and on the other hand a dedicated code allowed us to evaluate the visibility. The values of the soot and droplet concentrations were extracted from FDS and used into the code dedicated to visibility to calculate the optical properties of the corresponding absorbing-scattering environment. Those properties are then used in a Monte Carlo approach combined with PSF (Point Spread Function) and MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) methods to evaluate the intensity and the contrast of reconstructed images. The destratification effects based on thermal and optical criteria were compared experimentally and numerically for each technology.; Ce travail est consacré à l'étude des interactions eau/fumée dans un couloir, lors du déclenchement d'un système d'aspersion dans un environnement enfumé. Il s'attache à évaluer les effets thermiques et optiques induits par une pulvérisation d'eau par sprinkler et par brouillard d'eau sur une couche de fumée générée à partir d'un foyer type bac d'heptane. Une synthèse bibliographique permet de faire l'état des travaux concernant la recherche sur l'aspersion d'eau pour le contrôle du feu lors d'un incendie en bâtiment et sur les notions de stratification des fumées. Une étude expérimentale basée sur 50 essais en grandeur réelle est présentée, impliquant des mesures thermiques et optiques. Un système d'opacimétrie laser spécifique a notamment été développé, permettant de mesurer l'opacité des fumées et les effets des interactions eau/fumée sur l'opacité et la visibilité. La partie numérique s'appuie sur le code FDS version 6 (Fire Dynamics Simulator) pour la simulation des essais et sur un module spécifique consacré à l'évaluation de la visibilité en parallèle. Utilisant les valeur extraites de la simulation par FDS pour les concentrations en gouttes et en suie, ce code calcule les propriétés optiques du milieu absorbant-diffusant considéré, puis combine une méthode de Monte-Carlo et des techniques de PSF (Point Spread Function) et MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) pour évaluer l'intensité et le contraste d'images reconstruites. Les effets de déstratification thermique et optique sont comparés pour chaque technologie d'aspersion expérimentalement et numériquement.
- Published
- 2015
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