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The catalytic activity of metal cations exchanged with heteropoly acids (HPA) and the selectivity towards precursor composite materials can be tailored by adjusting the reaction mechanism. A structural defect engineering strategy was developed for the metallic phase of O-MoS2, doped with a Keggin-type HPA to serve as a double gyroid layer (O-MoS2@HPA). This was achieved through thermal oxidation treatment to enable a high surface area by depositing abundant catalytically active sites on the graphite felt. Optimization strategies involving MoO3−x (MoO3−x@K3PW12O40) species have been crafted, anchoring active sites in a spherical nanomorphology through the self-assembly of acid. This development introduces a new approach for enhancing electrocatalysts, aiming for superior performance in VRFB. The electrochemical results show remarkable enhancement in electrocatalytic behavior with abundant heteroatom active sites, promoting oxidation at a high current density of 150 mA/cm2, achieving an outstanding 84.62% high energy efficiency. This result is 14% higher than pristine graphite felt and exhibits extraordinary stability after 1350 cycles, overcoming the sluggish kinetic mechanism that limits redox active materials. This study creates new avenues for the design of hybrid micro/nanostructured materials on cathodes and anodes to achieve excellent performance as electrocatalysts for VRFB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a typical hard but brittle material, Si tends to fracture abruptly at a stress well below its theoretical strength, even if the tested volume goes down to submicron scale, at which materials are usually nearly free of flaws or extended defects. Here, via the thermal–oxidation–mediated healing of the surface that is the preferred site for cracks or dislocations initiation, the premature fracture can be effectively inhibited and the over 50% homogeneous plastic strain with the near‐theoretical strength (twice the value of the unhealed counterpart) are united in submicron‐sized Si particles. In situ transmission electron microscope observations and atomistic simulations elucidate the confinement effect from the passivated and smoothened thermal oxide, which retards the dislocation nucleation and transforms the dominant deformation mechanism from partial dislocation to the more mobile full dislocation. This work demonstrates an effective and feasible surface engineering pathway to optimize the mechanical properties of Si at small scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ambient stability of copper oxide layers produced through thermal oxidation is a critical factor for their application in advanced photovoltaic devices. This study investigates the long-term stability of thermally grown sodium-doped copper oxides fabricated at 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C. The structural, optical, and electronic properties of these oxide layers were examined after a 30-day period to understand how thermal oxidation temperature and sodium doping influence the durability and properties of copper oxide films. The results indicate that the stability of thermal copper oxide increases with oxidation temperature. The film produced at 700 °C maintained consistent optical properties, work function value, and structural integrity over time, demonstrating their robustness against environmental degradation. In contrast, the layers produced at lower temperatures (300 °C and 500 °C) showed more significant changes due to continued oxidation and adsorption from ambient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxidative stability index is one of the most used and reliable parameters to determine the quality of vegetable oil, biodiesel, and various foods. However, the leading commercially available equipment has a considerably high cost. Nevertheless, block digesters are more financially accessible and are present in most food analysis laboratories. Thus, the proposal of this study allowed us to obtain results very similar to those provided by Rancimat, based on the association between a digester block and a conductivity sensor, assisted by a low-cost and high-efficiency microcontroller, added to a simple graphical interface. Comparing the results between both techniques, it was possible to determine the oxidative stability index with reasonable equivalence and its variation as a function of temperature with a deviation of less than 10% for olive oil. This work helps disseminate oxidative stability analysis and contributes to institutions, researchers, and teachers with limited access to financial resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate measurement of the infrared spectral emissivity of nickel-based alloys is significant for applications in aerospace. The low thermal conductivity of these alloys limits the accuracy of direct emissivity measurement, especially during the oxidation process. To improve measurement accuracy, a surface temperature correction method based on two thermocouples was proposed to eliminate the effect of thermal conductivity changes on emissivity measurement. By using this method, the infrared spectral emissivity of Inconel 601, Inconel 625, and Inconel 718 alloys was accurately measured during the oxidation process, with a temperature range of 673–873 K, a wavelength range of 3–20 μm, and a zenith angle range of 0–80°. The results show that the emissivity of the three alloys is similar in value and variation law; the emissivity of Inconel 718 is slightly less than that of Inconel 601 and Inconel 625; and the spectral emissivity of the three alloys strongly increases in the first hour, whereafter it grows gradually with the increase in oxidation time. Finally, Inconel 601 has a lower emissivity growth rate, which illustrates that it possesses stronger oxidation resistance and thermal stability. The maximum relative uncertainty of the emissivity measurement of the three alloys does not exceed 2.6%, except for the atmospheric absorption wavebands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resistive switching memories have garnered significant attention due to their high‐density integration and rapid in‐memory computing beyond von Neumann's architecture. However, significant challenges are posed in practical applications with respect to their manufacturing process complexity, a leakage current of high resistance state (HRS), and the sneak‐path current problem that limits their scalability. Here, a mild‐temperature thermal oxidation technique for the fabrication of low‐power and ultra‐steep memristor based on Ag/TiOx/SnOx/SnSe2/Au architecture is developed. Benefiting from a self‐assembled oxidation layer and the formation/rupture of oxygen vacancy conductive filaments, the device exhibits an exceptional threshold switching behavior with high switch ratio exceeding 106, low threshold voltage of ≈1 V, long‐term retention of >104 s, an ultra‐small subthreshold swing of 2.5 mV decade−1 and high air‐stability surpassing 4 months. By decreasing temperature, the device undergoes a transition from unipolar volatile to bipolar nonvolatile characteristics, elucidating the role of oxygen vacancies migration on the resistive switching process. Further, the 1T1R structure is established between a memristor and a 2H‐MoTe2 transistor by the van der Waals (vdW) stacking approach, achieving the functionality of selector and multi‐value memory with lower power consumption. This work provides a mild‐thermal oxidation technology for the low‐cost production of high‐performance memristors toward future in‐memory computing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is the first study of the Mn and Co dopants effect on the physical properties of ZnO thin films electrodeposited on aluminum substrate. In order to synthesize these samples, electroplated Zn thin layers were thermally oxidized in atmospheric air for 2 h at 500 °C. The elaborated films were analyzedby X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The contact angle between the surface of the films and a deposited water drop (WCA) is measured to evaluate the wettability properties of the synthesized films. Mn and Co-doped ZnO thin films were studied and compared in order to better understand the effects of the dopant element on the physical properties of the host crystal, and to improve their hydrophobic properties.XRD analyses of a prepared mico/nanostructured material confirm the incorporation of substitutional transition metal ions on cation sites, and no secondary phase linked to Mnor Co is detected. This result was checked with EDX analysis. However, with increasing Mnor Co concentration, new modes appear in the Raman spectroscopy. The FEG-SEM images show that the surface morphologies change with dopant nature. The Mn-doped sample shows flower-like microstructures with an average size of 9µm, which are covered with spherical ZnO nanostructures with a size around 28 nm. This can lead to an improvement of the hydrophobicity of the ZnO coating compared to Co-doped films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explore the fabrication and optimization of ZnO/Si heterojunction solar cells to enhance their performance through precise control of electron affinity and bandgap properties. ZnO thin films were synthesized using thermal oxidation in a high-vacuum chamber, followed by annealing to improve crystallinity and electrical characteristics. The photovoltaic performance of the ZnO/Si heterojunction solar cells was systematically characterized, and Quantum ESPRESSO simulations were employed to refine the electronic properties of ZnO. Our results show significant improvements in open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and overall conversion efficiency. The optimization of ZnO/Si heterojunction solar cells involves enhancing the electronic properties of ZnO thin films. Quantum ESPRESSO simulations were utilized to optimize the ZnO structure, calculate the band structure and density of states (DOS), and study the effects of Ga and Mg doping on the electronic properties of ZnO. The initial step in our study involved the structural optimization of ZnO to determine its lowest energy configuration. The optimization of the band offset engineering to improve the efficiency of n-ZnO/p-Si photovoltaic cells was found to be critical. Doping ZnO with Ga and Mg improved the band alignment with Si, reduced recombination losses, and enhanced charge carrier mobility. Our findings underscore the potential of optimized ZnO/Si heterojunction solar cells for high-efficiency solar energy conversion, demonstrating their viability as cost-effective and efficient solutions for renewable energy applications. This study highlights the importance of precise material engineering and simulation-driven optimization in developing advanced photovoltaic devices.

Multilayer plastic (MP) commonly used in food and beverage packaging is difficult to recycle due to its layered structure, resulting in its accumulation over time; the consequent environmental harm is further exacerbated by its short lifespan. This study investigates recycled low-value MP as a modifier for polymer-modified bitumen (PMB). However, the difference in polarity between MP and PMB mixtures is a challenge, resulting in their poor compatibility and reduced mechanical properties. To overcome this, low-value MP was treated with atmospheric cold plasma and thermal oxidation to enhance its compatibility with PMB. The results indicate that plasma and thermal treatments increase the hydrophilicity of low-value MP through the formation of low-molecular-weight oxidized molecules containing hydrophilic hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C = O) groups that act as an intermediary boundary layer between the low-value MP and asphaltene-rich bitumen. Further, the optimal oxidation conditions for MP are revealed as 60 s of plasma treatment followed by heating at 150 °C for 60 min. Mixtures of PMB and optimally oxidized MP have optimal compositions of 1 wt.%, with ductility and penetration values of 87.7 cm and 57.4 mm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although hydrofluoric acid (HF) surface treatment is known to enhance the joining of metals with polymers, there is limited information on its effect on the joining of AZ31 alloy and carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) through laser-assisted metal and plastic direct joining (LAMP). This study uses the LAMP technique to produce AZ31-CFRP joints. The joining process involves as-received AZ31, HF-pretreated AZ31, and thermally oxidized HF-pretreated AZ31 alloy sheets. Furthermore, the bonding strength of joints prepared with thermally oxidized AZ31 alloy sheets is examined to ascertain the combined effect of HF treatment and thermal oxidation on bonding strength. The microstructures, surface chemical interactions, and mechanical performances of joints are investigated under tensile shear loading. Various factors, such as bubble formation, CFRP resin decomposition, and mechanical interlocking considerably affect joint strength. Additionally, surface chemical interactions between the active species on metal parts and the polar amide along with carbonyl groups of polymer play a significant role in improving joint strength. Joints prepared with surface-pretreated AZ31 alloy sheets show significant improvements in bonding strength.

In this paper, the morphological, micromechanical and tribological characteristics of the Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy after thermal oxidation (TO) were identified. TO was carried out at temperatures of 848 K, 898 K and 948 K over a period of 50 h. Microscopic examination revealed that an increase in temperature resulted in an improved uniformity of coverage and an increased oxide grain size. Micromechanical tests showed that TO of the Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy led to an increase in hardness and deformation resistance. Following oxidation, a decrease (by approximately 10–22%) was observed in the total mechanical work of indentation, Wtotal, compared to the as-received material. The formation of protective oxide films on the Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy also led to the improvement of tribological characteristics, both when tested under dry friction conditions and in Ringer's solution. The sliding wear resistance increased with an increase in the oxidation temperature. However, a greater degree of wear reduction (by approximately 30–50%) was found for the lubricated contact in comparison with the dry friction tests. Surface roughness also increased with the increase in temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surfactant-based wet spinning is a promising route toward the eco-friendly production of carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs). However, currently, the properties of surfactant-based wet-spun CNTFs lag behind those produced by other methods, indicating the need for further understanding and research. Here, we explored the surface characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that are advantageous for the properties of CNTFs produced by wet spinning, using sodium cholate as a surfactant. Our finding indicates that appropriate thermal oxidation of CNTs enhances the fiber properties, while excessive oxidation undermines them. This implies that the bonding mechanism between CNTs and sodium cholate involves hydrophobic interaction and π-π interaction. Therefore, it is crucial to preserve a clean surface of CNTs in wet spinning using sodium cholate. We believe our research will contribute to the advancement of surfactant-based wet spinning of CNTFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explore the fabrication and optimization of ZnO/Si heterojunction solar cells to enhance their performance through precise control of electron affinity and bandgap properties. ZnO thin films were synthesized using thermal oxidation in a high-vacuum chamber, followed by annealing to improve crystallinity and electrical characteristics. The photovoltaic performance of the ZnO/Si heterojunction solar cells was systematically characterized, and Quantum ESPRESSO simulations were employed to refine the electronic properties of ZnO. Our results show significant improvements in open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and overall conversion efficiency. The optimization of ZnO/Si heterojunction solar cells involves enhancing the electronic properties of ZnO thin films. Quantum ESPRESSO simulations were utilized to optimize the ZnO structure, calculate the band structure and density of states (DOS), and study the effects of Ga and Mg doping on the electronic properties of ZnO. The initial step in our study involved the structural optimization of ZnO to determine its lowest energy configuration. The optimization of the band offset engineering to improve the efficiency of n-ZnO/p-Si photovoltaic cells was found to be critical. Doping ZnO with Ga and Mg improved the band alignment with Si, reduced recombination losses, and enhanced charge carrier mobility. Our findings underscore the potential of optimized ZnO/Si heterojunction solar cells for high-efficiency solar energy conversion, demonstrating their viability as cost-effective and efficient solutions for renewable energy applications. This study highlights the importance of precise material engineering and simulation-driven optimization in developing advanced photovoltaic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• AZ31 alloy/CFRP joints were produced by laser joining with/without HF treatment. • NEXAFS technique demonstrated that HF treatment imparted reactive sites on the alloy surface for chemical bonding. • H-F bond through the interaction of MgF 2 and polar amide group of polymer resulted in high adhesion strength. Although hydrofluoric acid (HF) surface treatment is known to enhance the joining of metals with polymers, there is limited information on its effect on the joining of AZ31 alloy and carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) through laser-assisted metal and plastic direct joining (LAMP). This study uses the LAMP technique to produce AZ31-CFRP joints. The joining process involves as-received AZ31, HF-pretreated AZ31, and thermally oxidized HF-pretreated AZ31 alloy sheets. Furthermore, the bonding strength of joints prepared with thermally oxidized AZ31 alloy sheets is examined to ascertain the combined effect of HF treatment and thermal oxidation on bonding strength. The microstructures, surface chemical interactions, and mechanical performances of joints are investigated under tensile shear loading. Various factors, such as bubble formation, CFRP resin decomposition, and mechanical interlocking considerably affect joint strength. Additionally, surface chemical interactions between the active species on metal parts and the polar amide along with carbonyl groups of polymer play a significant role in improving joint strength. Joints prepared with surface-pretreated AZ31 alloy sheets show significant improvements in bonding strength. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the growth of Cu2O/CuO nanowires by one-step thermal oxidation using a flexible copper mesh at oxidation temperatures in the range of 300 to 600 °C in a controlled atmosphere of mixed-flow Ar and O2 gases. Thermal oxidation is one of the simplest used methods to obtain nanowires on a metal surface, offering advantages such as low production costs and the ability to produce metal oxides on a large scale without the use of hazardous chemical compounds. The growth of metal oxides on a conductive substrate, forming metal/oxide structures, has proven to be an effective method for enhancing charge-transfer efficiency. The as-synthesized Cu/Cu2O/CuO (Nw) electrodes were structurally and morphologically characterized using techniques such as XRD and SEM/EDX analysis to investigate the structure modification and morphologies of the materials. The supercapacitor properties of the as-developed Cu/Cu2O/CuO (Nw) electrodes were then examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The CV curves show that the Cu/Cu2O/CuO (Nw) structure acts as a positive electrode, and, at a scan rate of 5 mV s −1, the highest capacitance values reached 26.158 mF cm−2 for the electrode oxidized at a temperature of 300 °C. The assessment of the flexibility of the electrodes was performed at various bending angles, including 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°. The GCD analysis revealed a maximum specific capacitance of 21.198 mF cm−2 at a low power density of 0.5 mA cm−2 for the oxidation temperature of 300 °C. The cycle life assessment of the all of the as-obtained Cu/Cu2O/CuO (Nw) electrodes over 500 cycles was performed by GCD analysis, which confirmed their electrochemical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The square root autocatalytic equation used to describe the initial process of lipid oxidation was investigated from the viewpoint of the kinetic theory of radical polymerization. The oxidation processes of linoleic acid were investigated from 5 °C to 40 °C, and the oxidation rate constants of the equation were estimated. The Arrhenius plot of the oxidation rate constants of linoleic acid was compared with that of glyceryl trilinoleate, and these were parallel within the investigated concentration and temperature ranges. It showed that the rate constant of oxidation of linoleic acid was faster than that of glyceryl trilinoleate and suggested that the difference was mainly ascribed to the frequency factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their interesting physical and structural characteristics, zinc oxide nanostructures are one of the most commonly used materials to elaborate hydrophobic or superhydrophobic surfaces. In this work, undoped and Mn-doped ZnO thin films are prepared by the thermal oxidation of electrodeposited zinc thin layers on aluminum substrates. Structural analysis by X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy shows the formation of ZnO mico-nanostructures, and no secondary phase linked to Mn is detected. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirms the presence of zinc and oxygen, with no Mn element detected in the doped samples. However, at high Mn concentrations, Raman spectroscopy shows the main ZnO modes with a decrease in their intensities and the appearance of new modes with increasing Mn concentration, indicating that the structural quality is slightly degraded. The formation of the deformed flower-shaped structures covered with spherical ZnO nanostructures leads to the hydrophobicity of the ZnO coating, and doping with a small Mn concentration improves this last property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterojunctions based on p-CuO/n-ZnO, prepared by simple methods such as spin coating, normally exhibit low photoconversion efficiency and require modification. Doping the ZnO layer with ions such as Sn4+ could be a solution. In this work, heterojunctions were prepared by two simple methods. In method 1, to prepare the CuO@ZnO junction, the n-ZnO layer was spin-coated on tin-doped indium oxide/glass substrates (ITO/glass) followed by spin coating of the p-CuO layer. In method 2, to prepare the ZnO@CuO/Cu sheet junction, the p-CuO layer was prepared by thermal oxidation of the Cu metal sheet, followed by spin coating of ZnO. In both cases, the ZnO film was doped with Sn4+ ions at 1.5% concentration by mole. The effects of Sn-doping on the structural and morphological properties of the junction were comparatively studied by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. In both preparations, doping affected the optical, electrical and photovoltaic (PV) properties. The preparation method also affected junction characteristics, as preparation method 2 showed heterojunctions with higher PV characteristics. The results show inroads to improving PV characteristics for the heterojunction based on the proper preparation method and Sn doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research highlights the importance of addressing bioplastic contamination in recycling processes to ensure the quality of recycled material and move towards a more sustainable circular economy. Polyethylene (PE) is a conventional plastic commonly used in packaging for which large amounts of waste are produced; therefore, PE is generally recycled and has an established recycling process. However, the contamination of biodegradable polymers in the PE waste stream could impact recycling. This study, therefore, focuses on polyethylene (PE) that has been polluted with a commercial thermoplastic starch polymer (TPS), as both materials are used to produce plastic films and bags, so cross-contamination is very likely to occur in waste separation. To achieve this, recycled PE was blended with small quantities of the commercial TPS and processed through melt extrusion and injection molding, and it was further characterized. The results indicate that the PE-TPS blend lacks miscibility, evidenced by deteriorated microstructure and mechanical properties. In addition, the presence of the commercial TPS affects the thermal stability, oxidation, and color of the recycled PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Resistive switching memories have garnered significant attention due to their high‐density integration and rapid in‐memory computing beyond von Neumann's architecture. However, significant challenges are posed in practical applications with respect to their manufacturing process complexity, a leakage current of high resistance state (HRS), and the sneak‐path current problem that limits their scalability. Here, a mild‐temperature thermal oxidation technique for the fabrication of low‐power and ultra‐steep memristor based on Ag/TiOx/SnOx/SnSe2/Au architecture is developed. Benefiting from a self‐assembled oxidation layer and the formation/rupture of oxygen vacancy conductive filaments, the device exhibits an exceptional threshold switching behavior with high switch ratio exceeding 106, low threshold voltage of ≈1 V, long‐term retention of >104 s, an ultra‐small subthreshold swing of 2.5 mV decade−1 and high air‐stability surpassing 4 months. By decreasing temperature, the device undergoes a transition from unipolar volatile to bipolar nonvolatile characteristics, elucidating the role of oxygen vacancies migration on the resistive switching process. Further, the 1T1R structure is established between a memristor and a 2H‐MoTe2 transistor by the van der Waals (vdW) stacking approach, achieving the functionality of selector and multi‐value memory with lower power consumption. This work provides a mild‐thermal oxidation technology for the low‐cost production of high‐performance memristors toward future in‐memory computing applications.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of oxidation temperature on the physical properties of β-Ga2O3 grown by thermal oxidation of GaN in the O2 ambient at high oxidation temperatures from 900 to 1400 °C. Notably, the analysis of the oxidation temperatures ranging from 1100 to 1400 °C remains unexplored in the other studies. The effects of the oxidation temperature on the physical properties were investigated via X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). At all oxidation temperatures, XPS results revealed oxygen deficiency. The top FESEM images indicated disordered nanocolumn structures on the surface of the oxide layer, which increased in abundance with oxidation temperatures exceeding 1100 °C. Energy-filtered high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and the selected area electron diffraction patterns revealed that the top nanocolumns and the oxidized layer comprised polycrystalline β-Ga2O3. Additionally, the cross-sectional lamellae prepared through focused ion beam milling revealed an increase in the thickness of the β-Ga2O3 layer with oxidation temperature. To account for the variations in the oxide layer thickness, the oxidation temperatures were classified into two ranges of 900–1100 °C and 1100–1400 °C for calculating the activation energy. Moreover, this study assumed that the activation energy required for the oxidation process remained constant within each temperature interval. According to Arrhenius's model, the activation energy from 900 to 1100 °C was calculated to be 286.15 kJ/mol (2.97 eV). Furthermore, the activation energy from 1100 to 1400 °C was determined to be 111.33 kJ/mol (1.15 eV).

Dense-phase-tower desulfurization technology is an emerging semi-dry flue-gas desulfurization ash process, i.e., the flue gas is allowed to enter the desulfurization tower from the bottom up and, at the same time, is sprayed with a desulfurizing agent that undergoes an acid–base reaction with the flue gas in the ascent process. The calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate produced by the reaction and the part of the desulfurization agent that is not involved in the reaction will enter the subsequent dust removal system, and what is retained is the by-product desulfurization ash. This desulfurization ash contains a large amount of calcium sulfite, which leads to its unstable nature; it is easily oxidized and expands in volume, and, if used in the field of building materials, it will lead to cracking and other problems, so it is difficult to effectively use it. In order to solve this problem, XRF, XRD, and iodometric and other analytical methods were used to determine the specific composition of desulfurization ash, and the muffle furnace and vertical tube furnace were used to study the thermal oxidative modification of calcium sulfite in desulfurization ash, to investigate the effects of the oxygen content, reaction temperature, medium flow rate, and chloride content on the oxidation of calcium sulfite, and to analyze the thermodynamics in the high-temperature oxidation reaction. The results showed that the oxidation rate of calcium sulfite increased with higher reaction temperatures. Increased oxygen content promoted the oxidation rate, particularly at low oxygen levels. The oxidation rate of calcium sulfite correlated positively with the medium flow rate until a rate of 75 mL·min− was reached. At a reaction temperature of 420 °C and a gas flow rate of 85 mL·min−1, the oxidation conversion efficiency exceeded 89%. Chloride content significantly reduced the oxidation rate of calcium sulfite, although this inhibition weakened at temperatures above 500 °C. Kinetic analysis suggested that the oxidation reaction of calcium sulfite predominantly occurred below 500 °C. These findings have both theoretical and practical implications for the thermal oxidation treatment and disposal of desulfurization ash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tunable emission wavelength and excellent biocompatibility have positioned silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) as important optoelectronic materials in areas like displays, lighting, and biomedical imaging. However, the challenges of low luminescence efficiency impede the utilization of Si QDs, restraining the advancement of Si QDs‐based light‐emitting diode (LED) devices. This study primarily concentrates on optimizing the surface structure of Si QDs and refining the Si QDs‐based LED device structures. A strategy involving active oxidation followed by hydrofluoric etching and hydrosilylation is proposed to enhance the optical characteristics of Si QDs. A variety of characterization methods are employed to evaluate the impact of the active oxidation on the photoluminescence and surface structures of Si QDs. This approach ultimately achieves an impressive enhancement in the photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of Si QDs from 6.7% to 60.3%. Furthermore, the atmospherically oxidized Si QDs with the highest PL QY are selected as the emitting‐layer material to fabricate LEDs with the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TFB/Si QDs/ZnMgO/Ag. The introduction of ZnMgO effectively balances charge injection in the Si‐QDs‐based LEDs. As a result, the devices achieve electroluminescence with an external quantum efficiency of 13.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In practical engineering applications, high temperatures and water ingress seriously affect the service life of hydrocarbon lubricants. In this study, the deterioration process of hydrocarbon lubricants under high temperatures and humid environments was investigated, and a new health state prediction model was proposed. Simulation of hydrocarbon lubricant Polyalpha−olefin (PAO) molecules used the ReaxFF force field to analyse the high temperature thermal oxidation process of lubricants. The rheological properties of oil−water emulsions were determined by observing the morphology of oil−water two−phase mixtures with different water contents. A multiparameter fusion viscosity prediction model was proposed using a linear model of the viscosity of aqueous fluids, as affected by temperature and water content, and was fitted with the Andrade viscosity−temperature equation to predict lubricant viscosity changes under multiple parameters. Online validation tests were carried out on a compound planetary transmission system, and the surface topographical parameters of the transmission components were further discussed. Experimental results show that the linear correlation with the improved lubricant viscosity prediction model is 0.966, and the surface wear of transmission components is consistent with the trend of lubricant quality change. These findings provide a fundamental basis for the assessment of lubricant service life in high temperatures and humid environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal oxidation (TO) is a simple and economical way to enhance the wear resistance of the Ti6Al4V alloy. The TO temperature has a very important effect on the tribological properties of the TiO2 layer formed. However, the impact of the oxidation temperature on the high-temperature tribological behavior of a TO-treated Ti6Al4V alloy is not clear. Therefore, the Ti6Al4V alloy was oxidized at 400 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C for 36 h, and the sliding friction experiments were conducted at room temperature (RT) and 400 °C with a Si3N4 ball as the counter body to comparatively study the effect of the oxidation temperature on the high-temperature friction behavior of the TO-treated Ti6Al4V alloy. The results show that the TO treatment can effectively improve the wear resistance of the samples at both room and high temperatures. Among them, the oxidation-treated samples at 700 °C show the best wear resistance, with a reduction of 92.6% at high temperatures; the amount of wear loss at room temperature was so small that it was almost incalculable. At room temperature, the friction surface formed uneven agglomerate formations, resulting in an elevated coefficient of friction (CoF) compared to the untreated samples. At a high temperature, however, the CoF is reduced compared to the untreated samples due to the formation of a homogeneous transfer film in the wear area that is caused by the interaction of Si3N4 and oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exosomes, with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, are saucer-shaped extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by various type of human cells. They are present in virtually all bodily fluids. Owing to their abundant nucleic acid and protein content, exosomes have emerged as promising biomarkers for noninvasive molecular diagnostics. However, the need for exosome separation purification presents tremendous technical challenges due to their minuscule size. In recent years, microfluidic technology has garnered substantial interest as a promising alternative capable of excellent separation performance, reduced reagent consumption, and lower overall device and operation costs. In this context, we hereby propose a novel microfluidic strategy based on thermally oxidized deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) arrays with tapered shapes to enhance separation performance. We have achieved more than 90% purity in both polystyrene nanoparticle and exosome experiments. The use of thermal oxidation also significantly reduces fabrication complexity by avoiding the use of high-precision lithography. Furthermore, in a simulation model, we attempt to integrate the use of dielectrophoresis (DEP) to overcome the size-based nature of DLD and distinguish particles that are close in size but differ in biochemical compositions (e.g., lipoproteins, exomeres, retroviruses). We believe the proposed strategy heralds a versatile and innovative platform poised to enhance exosome analysis across a spectrum of biochemical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) exhibit huge potential as fundamental building blocks for integrated electronics and optoelectronics, but their physical and chemical properties are liable to change with air oxidation. The identification of active sites for the oxidation-induced structural evolution of CVD-grown TMD monolayers is essential for the improvement of their ambient stability and optoelectronic properties. Here, we report thermal-oxidation-induced doping and etching in CVD-grown monolayer TMDs, including MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2. The chalcogen vacancies are identified as the active sites to capture oxygen atoms or molecules in the initial oxidation process, resulting in enhanced photoluminescence (PL) emission because of defect healing through the incorporation of oxygen dopants. The long-term oxidation induces a transition from oxygen doping to etching in the monolayer TMDs, which is responsible for their structural dissociation and PL quenching. Oxygen etching induces the formation of a series of triangular holes on both TMD basal planes and edges, and the etching rate of CVD-grown TMD monolayers largely follows the trend of MoSe2 > WS2 > MoS2. This work not only offers deep insights into the oxidation mechanisms of monolayer TMDs but also opens a feasible route to tune the electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional TMDs by the rational control of air oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressureless sintered silicon carbide (PS–SiC) is a promising material for mirrors used in short-wavelength optical systems. However, due to its intrinsic hardness and multiphase nature, achieving atomic and close-to-atomic scale (ACS) polishing to meet the stringent requirements of the optical systems is challenging. In this study, a thermal oxidation polishing method is employed to achieve ACS polishing of PS-SiC. This method converts the hard heterogeneous SiC phase and Si phase into the "softer" homogeneous SiO 2 via thermal oxidation, followed by polishing using silica sol, resulting in a finished surface roughness of 0.55 nm in Ra within 15 min. Molecular dynamics simulations are also conducted to study the thermal oxidation process of PS-SiC. The results show that SiC and Si phases oxidize at different rates, leading to roughness deterioration after thermal oxidation. This also causes unevenness in the SiC and Si phases beneath the oxidized layer. Therefore, it is necessary to control the polishing time to avoid over-polishing and potential exposure of the underlying uneven SiC and Si phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low voltage oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) operating below 1.0 V were developed using a high dielectric constant tantalum oxide produced by thermal oxidation. Thermal oxidation was carried out at 400, 500 and 600 °C under an oxygen atmosphere. The tantalum oxide was evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS confirmed the binding energy of Ta4f, indicating the binding state of tantalum oxide. The bottom gate oxide TFT with the gate insulator of tantalum oxide grown at 500 °C exhibited mobility of 26.7 cm2/V s and a threshold voltage of 1.3 V. The transfer characteristics at the drain voltages below 1.0 V show its applicability to low voltage operation below 1 V. The bootstrapped inverter with developed oxide TFTs operated well at the 1.0 and 2.0 V operation voltages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has developed a surface modified titanium carbide (TiC)–titanium (Ti) composite for application in dry press working. This material was synthesized through mechanical alloying using Ti and graphite powder, followed by spark plasma sintering, and subsequently surface-modified via oxidation/carburization treatment. The oxidation/carburization behavior was investigated to determine the treatment conditions that formed a hard coating layer, and its wear resistance was evaluated. The activation energy for the isothermal oxidation of this composite material was 271 kJ/mol, with the rate primarily determined by the O and Ti diffusion in titanium dioxide (TiO2). In contrast, the activation energy for the growth of the carburized layer growth was 261 kJ/mol, with the rate determined by the carbon diffusion in TiC. The oxide film of the TiC–Ti composite material, oxidized by holding at 1073 K for 300 s, exhibited porous rutile TiO2 with a thickness of approximately 1.7 µm and hardness of 11 GPa. The carburized layer of the TiC–Ti composite material, carburized at 1073 K and held for 2400 s, had a thickness of approximately 3 µm and hardness of 20 GPa. During a wear test utilizing a stainless-steel pin as the mating material, stainless steel adhered to the surface of the unmodified sample. The oxidized sample experienced wear due to the peeling of the oxide film. However, the carbonized sample neither adhered to nor wore the mating material, suggesting that the carbonization treatment helps to improve the wear characteristics. This study offers valuable insights into the fabrication of TiC-based cermets as mold materials for realizing dry press working. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, Lauryl Gallate (LG), a natural antioxidant, was used to improve polymer thermal stability and recyclability of a biodegradable polyester as poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA). Neat PBSA and PBSA/LG (0.5 wt% LG) blends were processed by melt extrusion and subjected to multiple consecutive extrusion cycles at 170 °C to prevent the occurrence of thermo-oxidative radical degradation processes of the polymer. Thermal, rheological, morphological, FTIR, and GPC analyses showed the beneficial effect of LG in delaying PBSA thermo-oxidative degradation, reducing polymer fragmentation at low-mid molecular weights compared to the reprocessed virgin PBSA. The use of LG limits the drop of both complex viscosity η* and zero-shear stress viscosity η0 as well as the reduction of crystallinity degree and the enhancement of melt flow rate (MFR). This molecular degradation produces low molecular weight polymer fractions and oligomers that solely affect molten PBSA fluidity. In the presence of 0.5 wt% of LG, the processability of PBSA doubles from six (neat PBSA) up to twelve extrusions until presenting the first signs of degradation of the molten polymer while preserving the mechanical characteristics at the solid state. These mechanical properties remain equivalent to the neat PBSA (Young's modulus 0.33 GPa, yield strength 19.2 MPa, stress at break 24.4 MPa, and elongation at break 350%). Consequently, LG can be successfully employed as a natural PBSA stabilizer to extend the polymer lifecycle and contribute to the circular economy practice within the processing and manufacturing industry, particularly in the field of PBSA agricultural applications and injection moulded disposable products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ambient stability of copper oxide layers produced through thermal oxidation is a critical factor for their application in advanced photovoltaic devices. This study investigates the long-term stability of thermally grown sodium-doped copper oxides fabricated at 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C. The structural, optical, and electronic properties of these oxide layers were examined after a 30-day period to understand how thermal oxidation temperature and sodium doping influence the durability and properties of copper oxide films. The results indicate that the stability of thermal copper oxide increases with oxidation temperature. The film produced at 700 °C maintained consistent optical properties, work function value, and structural integrity over time, demonstrating their robustness against environmental degradation. In contrast, the layers produced at lower temperatures (300 °C and 500 °C) showed more significant changes due to continued oxidation and adsorption from ambient.

Accurate measurement of the infrared spectral emissivity of nickel-based alloys is significant for applications in aerospace. The low thermal conductivity of these alloys limits the accuracy of direct emissivity measurement, especially during the oxidation process. To improve measurement accuracy, a surface temperature correction method based on two thermocouples was proposed to eliminate the effect of thermal conductivity changes on emissivity measurement. By using this method, the infrared spectral emissivity of Inconel 601, Inconel 625, and Inconel 718 alloys was accurately measured during the oxidation process, with a temperature range of 673–873 K, a wavelength range of 3–20 μm, and a zenith angle range of 0–80°. The results show that the emissivity of the three alloys is similar in value and variation law; the emissivity of Inconel 718 is slightly less than that of Inconel 601 and Inconel 625; and the spectral emissivity of the three alloys strongly increases in the first hour, whereafter it grows gradually with the increase in oxidation time. Finally, Inconel 601 has a lower emissivity growth rate, which illustrates that it possesses stronger oxidation resistance and thermal stability. The maximum relative uncertainty of the emissivity measurement of the three alloys does not exceed 2.6%, except for the atmospheric absorption wavebands.

Ag-loaded ZnO nanocomposite film photocatalysts were constructed by physical vapor deposition and thermal oxidation. The relationship between the surface morphology, optical properties, photoelectric properties, and photocatalytic activity of nanocomposite films were mainly investigated. The surface morphology of nanocomposite films exhibits a thickness dependence of the Zn layer, which can be acknowledged by the SEM image. Furthermore, under the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Ag particles, the nanocomposite films not only demonstrate a sensitivity to visible light but accelerate the photoelectron transfer efficiency at the interface between Ag particles and ZnO films. Photocatalytic experiments demonstrate that the photocatalytic activity of nanocomposite films is significantly enhanced in the photodegradation experiment of methyl orange (MO) or methylene blue (MB) pigments in comparison with pure ZnO films. It is relevant to note that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) contribute notably in photocatalytic degradation. The present work proposes a simple approach to preparing an efficient and recyclable nanoscale photocatalyst for the visible-light-induced purification to pigments in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary challenges associated with the design and success of polymeric biomedical devices are generally related to the control of the biomaterial in terms of degradability characteristics, sufficient processability characteristics, and required mechanical strength that may be altered during sterilization or manufacturing procedures. Polyvinyl alcohol‐based thermoresponsive biomaterials provide a distinct advantage for biomedical applications as their physiochemical properties can be easily modified according to their desired use. In this work, we evaluated the thermal degradation characteristics of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hydrogel that undergoes a steam sterilization autoclave cycle at 121°C to induce fluid‐like behavior. FTIR was used to characterize the evolution of the area of the carbonyl region between 1800 and 1525 cm−1. The carbonyl area increased at temperatures beyond 121°C which were used to accelerate the onset of degradation during both thermal oxidation and pyrolysis. The change in the carbonyl region was shown to correlate with respect to both temperature and time of exposure. The carbonyl region increased significantly in the presence of oxygen at temperatures above 150°C. Despite showing signs of thermal degradation at temperatures exceeding 150°C, our biomaterial was shown to be stable at 121°C during thermal degradation testing. Furthermore, bulk property analysis showed the hydrogel's mechanical and swelling properties were preserved even after being subject to multiple autoclave cycles beyond what would be experienced during a sterilization or clinical procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication of sponge-like vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanostructures using vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) as a template is presented. The VACNTs were grown on silicon substrates by chemical vapor deposition using the Fe/Al bilayer catalyst approach. The V2O5 nanostructures were obtained from the thermal oxidation of metallic vanadium deposited on the VACNTs. Different oxidation temperatures and vanadium thicknesses were used to study the influence of these parameters on the stability of the carbon template and the formation of the V2O5 nanostructures. The morphology of the samples was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and the structural characterization was performed by Raman, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. Due to the catalytic properties of V2O5 in the decomposition of carbonaceous materials, it was possible to obtain supported sponge-like structures based on V2O5/CNT composites, in which the CNTs exhibit an increase in their graphitization. The VACNTs can be removed or preserved by modulating the thermal oxidation process and the vanadium thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of complex experimental studies of the parameters of thin coatings of SiO2 oxides on Si, formed by thermal oxidation at temperatures of 1200 °C, including studies using electron and X-ray spectroscopy, IR-Fourier spectrometer IRTracer-100 - developed by Shimadzu, Raman scattering, and test electrophysical structures, are presented. Data have been obtained that for a silicon dioxide thickness of about 400 nm, the porosity of the coating does not exceed 2/cm2, and the electric field strength for the breakdown of the dioxide reaches 5·106 V/cm. The crystal structure of SiO2 is triclinic, lattice period a = 4.9160 Å, b = 4.9170 Å, c = 5.4070 Å, a = 90.000, b = 90.000, γ = 120.000, density 2.64 g/cm³. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the thermal stability of the commercial fish oil, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and compares the sensory properties of pure fish oil with a mixture of fish oil and added rosemary extract (RE), as well as roasted and unroasted pumpkin seed oil, at a concentration of 5 %. All samples were monitored using FTIR spectroscopy to measure the specific absorptivity of conjugated dienes (CDs) and conjugated trienes (CTs), as well as the peroxide value. Additionally, GC/FID was employed to evaluate the oxidative degree of the fish oil and compare the antioxidative effect of roasted pumpkin seed oil, specifically in comparison to rosemary extract. For this purpose, the oil stability was optimized by comparing the oxidation levels of fish oils exposed to range of temperature, including 23°C, 50°C, 70°C, 90°C, and 110°C. This was done in the presence of a low percent of rosemary extract, unroasted pumpkin seed oil (UPSO), and roasted pumpkin seed oil (RPSO). Based on the obtained results, a clear difference is observed in the blended samples, particularly when roasted pumpkin seed oil is used. This difference is evident in the ultraviolet chemical parameters, fatty acid profile, and most notably in the optimized FTIR vibrational bands. The ratios of area peaks such as 3444/2854, 1745/2854 and 3010/2854 are considered important parameters for monitoring the chemical changes and lipid stability. All the chemical parameters confirm the possibility of enhancing the stability of fish oil by blending it with healthy pumpkin seed oil. The composition of pumpkin seed oil increases the stability of fish oil. Consequently, it is evident that pumpkin seed oil, known for its high healthy benefits, can successfully be used to improve the thermal and oxidative stability of fish oil lipids. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to define clusters, which revealed a wide range of both chemically changed and unchanged samples. The application of FTIR spectroscopy as an alternative method provides excellent parameters for easy operation, affordability, and ecological considerations, making in an efficient tool for controlling the quality of edible oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a bacterioruberin-rich carotenoid extract (HAE) derived from the halophilic archaea Halorubrum ezzemoulense DSM 19316 in protecting crude fish oil against thermal oxidation. The research used fish oil derived from anchovies, which had a peroxide value (PV) of 6.44 ± 0.81 meq O2 kg−1. To assess the impact of HAE on the thermal stability and post-oxidation characteristics of fish oil, several concentrations of HAE were added to the fish oil samples: 0 ppm (no additive) (HAE0), 50 ppm (HAE50), 100 ppm (HAE100), 500 ppm (HAE500), and 1000 ppm (HAE1000). Furthermore, a control group was established with the addition of 100 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT100) in order to evaluate the effectiveness of HAE with a synthetic antioxidant that is commercially available. Prior to the fast oxidation experiment, thermogravimetric analysis was conducted on samples from all experimental groups. At the conclusion of the examination, it was seen that the HAE500 and HAE1000 groups exhibited a delay in the degradation temperature. The experimental groups underwent oxidation at a temperature of 55.0 ± 0.5 °C for a duration of 96 h. The measurement of PV was conducted every 24 h during this time. PV in all experimental groups exhibited a time-dependent rise (p < 0.05). However, the HAE500 group had the lowest PV measurement at the conclusion of the 96 h period (p < 0.05). Significant disparities were detected in the fatty acid compositions of the experimental groups at the completion of the oxidation experiment. The HAE500 group exhibited the highest levels of EPA, DHA, and ΣPUFA at the end of oxidation, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Through the examination of volatile component analysis, specifically an oxidation marker, it was shown that the HAE500 group exhibited the lowest level of volatile components (p < 0.05). Consequently, it was concluded that the addition of HAE to fish oil provided superior protection compared to BHT at an equivalent rate. Moreover, the group that used 500 ppm HAE demonstrated the highest level of performance in the investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A succession of novel heteroepitaxial grown hybrid films MoS2 and ZnO thin film composites have been effectually synthesized on Cu2O by a two-step thermal oxidation method for efficient photoelectrochemical processes and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ftir investigations, and they were characterized by photoelectrochemical analysis and confirmed their Successful synthesis. In this unparalleled strategy, two semiconductors are sandwiched between three-dimensional Cu2O substrates to provide numerous active sites for photocatalytic oxidation improve noticeable light absorption and restrain photogenic charge reunification. Therefore, the resulting fabricated hybrid (ZnO/Cu2O/MoS2) acts as a direct working electrode and is highly reactive in water by the PEC process, which can facilitate the estrangement of photogenerated electron-hole twosomes below low realistic voltage. Therefore, the photocurrent response of the fabricated ZnO/Cu2O/MoS2 working electrode was appreciably enhanced due to the synergistic effect of every element of the 3D structure. Consequently, the produced photoelectrochemical cell showed high sensitivity with wattage conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.30%, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 38 mV, and a short circuit current density (ISC) of 0.66 mA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As known for quite a long time now, even saturated fatty acids can be oxidized at high temperatures to produce unique aroma compounds, such as 2-alkanones and lactones. Hydroperoxide positional isomers with a hydroperoxy group at the 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-position are hypothesized to be responsible for the formation of these aroma components, but this hypothesis has not been verified. For the first time, this study successfully prepared a series of glyceryl trioctanoate hydroperoxide (C8TG;OOH) isomers. The isomers were thermally decomposed, proving that 2-heptanone was selectively formed from C8TG;3-OOH, and γ- and δ-octalactones were mainly formed from C8TG;4- and 5-OOH, respectively. C8TG;2-OOH was also involved in lactone formation, whereas C8TG;6- and 7-OOH were not. This proves the long-standing hypothesis. The mechanism revealed in this work is expected to be useful to create favorable aromas (i.e., 2-alkanones and lactones) from saturated fatty acids.

In this study, to address environmental challenges stemming from plastic wastes, we produced carbon material derived from polyethylene (PE-C) using thermal oxidation and carbonization processes. Prior to thermal oxidation, e-beam irradiation was employed to enhance oxidation reactions which facilitated transformation of linear chains to cyclic ladder structures, resulting in a threefold increase in carbonization yield compared to conventional methods. Our analysis using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and SEM revealed that PE-C exhibited a crystal structure similar to commercial CB (C-CB). However, it featured three times more oxygen functional groups on its surface and consisted of individual particles without forming aggregates or agglomerates. We incorporated PE-C into a PA6 polymer matrix to create composite materials with various compositions, systematically comparing their electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties to C-CB/PA6. PE-C outperformed C-CB in terms of mechanical properties (65 MPa vs. 41 MPa) due to its surface oxygen functional groups, uniform dispersion even at high loadings, and a rough surface. Moreover, PE-C exhibited a lower surface area, which reduced interfacial thermal resistance and consequently enhanced thermal conductivity, resulting in a 16 % improvement compared to C-CB at 30 wt%.

Abstract Biofuels are renewable alternatives to fossil fuels. Levopimaric acid‒base biofuels have attracted increasing attention. However, their stability remains a critical issue in practice. Thus, there is a strong impetus to evaluate the thermal stability of levopimaric acid. Through thermogravimetry (TG) and a custom-designed mini closed pressure vessel test (MCPVT) operating under isothermal and stepped temperature conditions, we investigated thermal oxidation characteristics of levopimaric acid under oxygen atmosphere. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and iodimetry were used to measure the hydrogen peroxides generated by levopimaric acid oxidation. A high pressure differential scanning calorimeter (HPDSC) was used to assess hydroperoxide thermal decomposition characteristics. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to characterize the oxidation products. The thermal decomposition kinetics of levopimaric acid were thus elucidated, and a high peroxide value was detected in the levopimaric acid. The decomposition heat (QDSC) and exothermic onset temperature (Tonset) of hydroperoxides were 338.75 J g−1 and 375.37 K, respectively. Finally, levopimaric acid underwent a second-stage oxidation process at its melt point (423.15 K), resulting in complex oxidation products. Thermal oxidation of levopimaric acid could yield potential thermal hazards, indicating that antioxidants must be added during levopimaric acid application to protect against such hazardous effects.