6 results on '"Theresa Dahm"'
Search Results
2. Age shall not weary us: deleterious effects of self-regulation depletion are specific to younger adults.
- Author
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Theresa Dahm, Hamid Taher Neshat-Doost, Ann-Marie Golden, Elizabeth Horn, Martin Hagger, and Tim Dalgleish
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Self-regulation depletion (SRD), or ego-depletion, refers to decrements in self-regulation performance immediately following a different self-regulation-demanding activity. There are now over a hundred studies reporting SRD across a broad range of tasks and conditions. However, most studies have used young student samples. Because prefrontal brain regions thought to subserve self-regulation do not fully mature until 25 years of age, it is possible that SRD effects are confined to younger populations and are attenuated or disappear in older samples. We investigated this using the Stroop color task as an SRD induction and an autobiographical memory task as the outcome measure. We found that younger participants (
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Prevalence and predictive value of ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder and Complex PTSD diagnoses in children and adolescents exposed to a single-event trauma
- Author
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Tim Dalgleish, Caitlin Hitchcock, Rachel Elliott, Richard Meiser-Stedman, Anna McKinnon, Theresa Dahm, Adrian Boyle, Sarah Jane Archibald, Cari lène Mul, Clare Dixon, Fionnuala C. Murphy, Patrick Smith, Emma Travers-Hill, Meiser-Stedman, Richard [0000-0002-0262-623X], Hitchcock, Caitlin [0000-0002-2435-0713], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Adolescent ,BF ,Complex ptsd ,Logistic regression ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,International Classification of Diseases ,mental disorders ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Prospective Studies ,Medical diagnosis ,Prospective cohort study ,Complex PTSD ,child ,Post-traumatic stress disorder ,05 social sciences ,Traumatic stress ,Emergency department ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,trauma ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background The 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) made a number of significant changes to the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We sought to determine the prevalence and 3-month predictive values of the new ICD-11 PTSD criteria relative to ICD-10 PTSD, in children and adolescents following a single traumatic event. ICD-11 also introduced a diagnosis of Complex PTSD (CPTSD), proposed to typically result from prolonged, chronic exposure to traumatic experiences, although the CPTSD diagnostic criteria do not require a repeated experience of trauma. We therefore explored whether children and adolescents demonstrate ICD-11 CPTSD features following exposure to a single-incident trauma. Method Data were analysed from a prospective cohort study of youth aged 8-17 years who had attended an emergency department following a single trauma. Assessments of PTSD, CPTSD, depressive and anxiety symptoms were performed at two to four weeks (n = 226) and nine weeks (n = 208) post-trauma, allowing us to calculate and compare the prevalence and predictive value of ICD-10 and ICD-11 PTSD criteria, along with CPTSD. Predictive abilities of different diagnostic thresholds were undertaken using positive/negative predictive values, sensitivity/specificity statistics and logistic regressions. Results At Week 9, 15 participants (7%) were identified as experiencing ICD-11 PTSD, compared to 23 (11%) experiencing ICD-10 PTSD. There was no significant difference in comorbidity rates between ICD-10 and ICD-11 PTSD diagnoses. Ninety per cent of participants with ICD-11 PTSD also met criteria for at least one CPTSD feature. Five participants met full CPTSD criteria. Conclusions Reduced prevalence of PTSD associated with the use of ICD-11 criteria is likely to reduce identification of PTSD relative to using ICD-10 criteria but not relative to DSM-4 and DSM-5 criteria. Diagnosis of CPTSD is likely to be infrequent following single-incident trauma.
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- 2021
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- View/download PDF
4. Personally salient, emotionally negative task contexts provoke goal neglect in depression
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Theresa Dahm, Tim Dalgleish, Aliza Werner-Seidler, Ann-Marie Golden, Tom Manly, Manly, Tom [0000-0003-1137-4457], Dalgleish, Tim [0000-0002-7304-2231], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Male ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology|Problem Solving ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Feeding and Eating Disorders ,goal neglect ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Obsessive-compulsive and Related Disorders ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Sexual Dysfunctions ,Emotions ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Diagnosis ,Intention ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Clinical Psychophysiology ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology ,0302 clinical medicine ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Clinical Psychology ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Psychotherapy ,Prospective memory ,Psychology ,Attention ,Applied Psychology ,media_common ,Dysexecutive syndrome ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology|Biases, Framing, and Heuristics ,Depression ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Clinical Ethics ,05 social sciences ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Clinical Neuropsychology ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Bipolar and Related Disorders ,Middle Aged ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Elimination Disorders ,FOS: Psychology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Salient ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Disruptive, Impulse-control, and Conduct Disorders ,Goals ,Cognitive psychology ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Personality Disorders ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology|Learning ,Adult ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Neurocognitive Disorders ,Dissociation (neuropsychology) ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Somatization ,media_common.quotation_subject ,prospective memory ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology|Consciousness ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Psychopharmacology ,Brain damage ,Stimulus (physiology) ,dysexecutive syndrome ,050105 experimental psychology ,Neglect ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Anxiety Disorders ,03 medical and health sciences ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Dissociative Disorders ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology|Creativity ,Memory ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology|Reasoning ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Clinical Child Psychology ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology|Judgment and Decision Making ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Sleep-wake Disorders ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Clinical Decision Making ,Motivation ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Trauma and Stress ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology|Attention ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Assessment ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Neurodevelopmental Disorders ,Cognitive Psychology ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology|Memory ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Gender Dysphoria ,Original Articles ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology|Concepts and Categories ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology|Imagery ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Cognitive Psychology ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology|Language ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Case-Control Studies ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Paraphilic Disorders ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Substance Abuse and Addiction ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Psychotic Disorders ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Depressive Disorders ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Couples, Marriage, and Family ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Therapy - Abstract
BackgroundGoal neglect refers to a dissociation between intended and actual action. Although commonly associated with frontal brain damage, this phenomenon is also characteristic of clinical depression. To date, tests of goal neglect typically require individuals to switch between subtasks populated with neutral stimuli. This study examined the impact of affective and personally salient stimulus contexts on goal neglect in clinical depression.MethodsParticipants were randomly allocated to either positively or negatively-valenced versions of the Affective Six Elements Test (A-SET). We hypothesised that depressed individuals (n= 30) would exhibit an overall impairment in A-SET performance by neglecting entire subtasks and allocating suboptimal time to each task, relative to never-depressed peers (n= 30), with effects being strongest for the negatively-valenced version.ResultsFindings showed that depressed individuals exhibited specific deficits, relative to controls on these measures in the negative A-SET only, with a magnitude comparable to that found in brain injured patients.ConclusionsIndividuals with depression are impaired in their ability to monitor performance and implement strategies that are optimal for the purpose of pursuing an overarching goal when the task context is negatively-valenced. Potential mechanisms are discussed.
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- 2018
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5. A cluster randomized controlled platform trial comparing group MEmory specificity training (MEST) to group psychoeducation and supportive counselling (PSC) in the treatment of recurrent depression
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Julia Gillard, Inderpal Panesar, Catrin Rees, Evangeline Rodrigues, Caitlin Hitchcock, Anna Bevan, Peter Watson, Tim Dalgleish, Aliza Werner-Seidler, Filip Raes, Siobhan Gormley, Lauren Breakwell, Laura Jobson, Susanne Schweizer, Viola Mueller, Isobel Chadwick, Theresa Dahm, Anna McKinnon, Hitchcock, Caitlin [0000-0002-2435-0713], Bevan, Anna [0000-0003-4256-2530], Watson, Peter [0000-0002-9436-0693], Dalgleish, Tim [0000-0002-7304-2231], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Adult ,Counseling ,Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Disease cluster ,050105 experimental psychology ,Memory Specificity Training ,Article ,Memory ,Recurrence ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Psychoeducation ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Single-Blind Method ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Recall ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,Autobiographical memory ,business.industry ,Depression ,05 social sciences ,Cognition ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Memory specificity training ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Treatment Outcome ,Autobiographical Memory ,Major depressive disorder ,Female ,Group memory ,business - Abstract
Impaired ability to recall specific autobiographical memories is characteristic of depression, which when reversed, may have therapeutic benefits. This cluster-randomized controlled pilot trial investigated efficacy and aspects of acceptability, and feasibility of MEmory Specificity Training (MEST) relative to Psychoeducation and Supportive Counselling (PSC) for Major Depressive Disorder (N = 62). A key aim of this study was to determine a range of effect size estimates to inform a later phase trial. Assessments were completed at baseline, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. The cognitive process outcome was memory specificity. The primary clinical outcome was symptoms on the Beck Depression Inventory-II at 3-month follow-up. The MEST group demonstrated greater improvement in memory specificity relative to PSC at post-intervention (d = 0.88) and follow-up (d = 0.74), relative to PSC. Both groups experienced a reduction in depressive symptoms at 3-month follow-up (d = 0.67). However, there was no support for a greater improvement in depressive symptoms at 3 months following MEST relative to PSC (d = −0.04). Although MEST generated changes on memory specificity and improved depressive symptoms, results provide no indication that MEST is superior to PSC in the resolution of self-reported depressive symptoms. Implications for later-phase definitive trials of MEST are discussed., Highlights • Memory specificity training (MEST) was compared to supportive counselling. • MEST produced large effects on memory specificity and depressive symptoms. • There was no between-group difference in depressive outcomes at post or follow-up.
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- 2017
6. Age shall not weary us: deleterious effects of self-regulation depletion are specific to younger adults
- Author
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Tim Dalgleish, Ann-Marie Golden, Martin S. Hagger, Elizabeth Horn, Hamid Taher Neshatdoost, and Theresa Dahm
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Adult ,Male ,Gerontology ,Aging ,Social Psychology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Psychology ,Humans ,Medicine ,Prefrontal cortex ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Autobiographical memory ,lcsh:R ,Cognitive Psychology ,Experimental Psychology ,Cognition ,Middle Aged ,Mental Health ,Frontal lobe ,Younger adults ,Meta-analysis ,Developmental Psychology ,Anxiety ,Female ,lcsh:Q ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Research Article ,Clinical psychology ,Stroop effect - Abstract
Self-regulation depletion (SRD), or ego-depletion, refers to decrements in self-regulation performance immediately following a different self-regulation-demanding activity. There are now over a hundred studies reporting SRD across a broad range of tasks and conditions. However, most studies have used young student samples. Because prefrontal brain regions thought to subserve self-regulation do not fully mature until 25 years of age, it is possible that SRD effects are confined to younger populations and are attenuated or disappear in older samples. We investigated this using the Stroop color task as an SRD induction and an autobiographical memory task as the outcome measure. We found that younger participants (, published_or_final_version
- Published
- 2011
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