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Practitioners interested in the process of helping people change are confronted today with such a burgeoning array of perspectives, theories, and treatment modalities that even the most diligent can feel overwhelmed by the number of choices. This plethora of approaches calls into question whether there is anything that can tie them together. Asking if the psychoanalytic field is destined to be splintered into fragments that defy cohesion or if it is possible to generate a way of thinking and working that is more inclusive, this paper takes a historical and integrationist approach, grounded in a clinical focus on mental organization and Leo Rangell's total composite theory. It discusses trends in the development of psychoanalysis and argues for the importance of integration of the findings from neuropsychology and neuropsychoanalysis into psychoanalytic clinical work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay argues that Lessing's Nathan der Weise, Goethe's Iphigenie auf Tauris, and Mozart's and Schikaneder's Die Zauberflöte—products of a slightly dilated decade (1779–91)—realize a single morphological type. The analysis of this dramatic morphology starts out from a functional component within the dramatic action of all three works: the enchanting power of the image. From this point de départ, it is possible to disclose the morphological structure of dramatic action variously concretized in the surface manifestations of the plays. The three masterpieces of the Enlightenment theater can thus be shown to share a dramatic project that is here understood as the mimesis of therapeutic action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors present a reading of Loewald's developmental and clinical thinking from a relational-developmental perspective, illustrating their ideas through the case of an 11-year-old boy presenting with quasi-psychotic symptoms. The paper explores Loewald's developmental narrative as entailing an implicit view of the self as a relational matrix comprised of both time and space; an open, ever-expanding relational system within a shared psychic field, wherein time is a central psychic activity. The authors trace Loewaldian development as a movement toward greater organization of two inherently interlinked layers of experience, the primordial oceanic oneness (merger) and differentiated reality (separateness), each related to its own form of fundamental anxiety: engulfment and castration, respectively. Through the clinical material, these layers of experience are also discussed in relation to Loewald's notion of language. The elements of Loewald's developmental theory are discussed as preceding and inspiring subsequent relational thinking. Loewald, they contend, situates therapeutic action within the metaphor of theater. Drawing on his emphasis on the analyst's role as a "director," and his key concept of linking as well as his formulation of the functions of "transference" (being-with) and "differential" (being-ahead-of), the authors also reconceptualize two crucial theatrical roles performed in the analytic field: "merging actor" and "dramaturg." These two critical, mutually-informing roles are demonstrated through the clinical material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was carried out to document the medicinal values and therapeutic applications of different parts of A. cordifolia in Ekebedi Oboro ancient Kingdom of Abia State, Nigeria, and profile its bioactive constituents. Material-Method: The ethno-botanical survey involved questionnaires and oral interviews of 81 randomly selected traditional medicine doctors and natives on medicinal values of A. cordifolia. GC-MS fingerprinting was adopted to elucidate the bioactive constituents of the methanol leaf extract of the plant. Results: The survey showed that A. cordifolia is prescribed in different treatment regimens for coughs, bronchitis, postpartum bleeding, lacerations, wounds, vaginitis, diarrhea, sickle cell anemia, and venereal diseases, including gonorrhea, syphilis, and prostatitis. Phytochemical fingerprinting revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds as the major active ingredients of the plant. A total of 27 fatty acids and volatile hydrocarbons were detected in the leaf extract of the plant with 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)- methyl ester (18.42%), 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester (19.93%), Dodecanoic acid 1,2,3-propanetrieyl (15.87%) as most abundant ingredients. Conclusion: A. cordifolia is used to treat various diseases such as sickle cell anemia, diabetes, post-partum bleeding, and HIV infections amongst others. The fatty acids identified in A. cordifolia possibly underscored these antimicrobial and therapeutic actions of the plant in traditional medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gold standard of scientific medicine is using knowledge of underlying processes to shape treatment. This has previously not been possible for psychotherapy, but with the science of memory reconsolidation, requirements for change can be more precisely defined and can improve psychotherapeutic technique by focusing on three areas: the activation of maladaptive implicit learning, the provision of disconfirming information, and attention to transmission between consciousness and limbic memory. Overall, better understanding of processes helps liberate psychotherapy from rigidities dictated by set methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new bioactive amine and amide derivatives of trifluoromethyl pyridine was produced with good yields from commercially accessible and inexpensive starting materials and characterized using 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and mass spectrum analysis. We prepared all the intermediates in gram scale, it will be viable for industrial production, because the compounds contain a bioactive core component, trifluoromethylpyridine, they will be useful in developing new insecticides with improved therapeutic action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To patients, the most memorable moments in psychoanalytic treatment are seldom the contents of the analyst's interpretations, but the feeling of being understood. Interpretations are most meaningful not because of what they say but because each one is evidence that the analyst, who generally becomes someone of great significance to the patient, knows the patient more than before the interpretation was made. As a result of this process of "witnessing" patients not only know and feel—they also "know and feel that they know and feel." They can feel their roles in authoring their own experience. Therapeutic action results: patients "come into possession of themselves." Interpretations are the outcome of shifts in the interpersonal field, which reveal this new freedom to think and feel. This new freedom allows the creation of the analyst's interpretations, which therefore serve as a sign of a new way of being in one another's presence that has now become possible between analyst and patient. Field shifts are jointly created, without conscious intention, and interpretations arise from these shifts. Thus, interpretations are not really created independently by the mind of the analyst, but are instead the voice of the field. A clinical vignette illustrates these ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has put the world's survival in jeopardy. Although the virus has been contained in certain parts of the world after causing so much grief, the risk of it emerging in the future should not be overlooked because its existence cannot be shown to be completely eradicated. Results This study investigates the impact of vaccination, therapeutic actions, and compliance rate of individuals to physical limitations in a newly developed SEIQR mathematical model of COVID-19. A qualitative investigation was conducted on the mathematical model, which included validating its positivity, existence, uniqueness, and boundedness. The disease-free and endemic equilibria were found, and the basic reproduction number was derived and utilized to examine the mathematical model's local and global stability. The mathematical model's sensitivity index was calculated equally, and the homotopy perturbation method was utilized to derive the estimated result of each compartment of the model. Numerical simulation carried out using Maple 18 software reveals that the COVID-19 virus's prevalence might be lowered if the actions proposed in this study are applied. Conclusion It is the collective responsibility of all individuals to fight for the survival of the human race against COVID-19. We urged that all persons, including the government, researchers, and health-care personnel, use the findings of this research to remove the presence of the dangerous COVID-19 virus.

Throughout this essay the author analyzes the concept of transcendence in Jung's theoretical corpus with a focus on its philosophical parameters and therapeutic efficacy in promoting a category of value. Although Jung did not precisely define the terms transcendence, transcendent, and transcendental, it is necessary to tease out these features in order to illuminate the varieties of transcendence in Jung's thought. Distinctions are made between the ontological, epistemological, and phenomenological dimensions of transcendence, including the structure, method, form, and process of mediating, transitioning, and transforming inner experience. Jung's notion of the dialectic operative within the transcendent function is specifically critiqued. Here the author explores the possibility of a synthesis of internal opposition that leads to a greater principle of unity through the sublation of psyche. He further examines the transcendent function in the process of active imagination by drawing on patient material derived through associations in the analysis of the transference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver diseases. In most cases, NAFLD progresses from benign steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH), and then to cirrhosis. No treatment is currently approved for NAFLD/NASH in the clinic. Fenofibrate (FENO) has been clinically used to treat dyslipidemia for more than a half century, but its effects on NASH are not established. FENO's half-life is quite different between rodent and human. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of pharmacokinetic-based FENO regime for NASH treatment and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Two typical mouse NASH models, methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet-fed mice and choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD)-fed mice, were used. MCD model was designed as therapeutic evaluation in experiment 1 and CDAHFD model was designed as preventive in experiment 2. Three doses of FENO (5, 25, 125 mg/kg), two times a day (BID), were administered to the above models. Serum markers of liver injury, cholestasis, and the histology of liver tissues were investigated. Normal mice were used as a model in experiment 3 for toxicity evaluation, Quantitative-PCR and Western Blot assays were used to investigate the inflammatory responses, bile acid synthesis as well as lipid catabolism. Results: Mice on the MCD and CDAHFD diets developed steatohepatitis as expected. Treatment with FENO (25 mg/kg·BID) significantly decreased hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in both therapeutic and preventive models. In the MCD model, the therapeutic action of FENO (25 mg/kg·BID) and 125 mg/kg·BID on histopathology and the expression of inflammatory cytokines were comparable. In reducing macrophage infiltration and bile acid load, FENO (25 mg/kg·BID) was superior to 125 mg/kg·BID. In all the aspects mentioned above, FENO (25 mg/kg·BID) was the best among the 3 doses in the CDAHFD model. In a third experiment, the effects of FENO (25 mg/kg·BID) and 125 mg/kg·BID on lipid catabolism were comparable, but 125 mg/kg·BID increased the expression of inflammatory factors and bile acid load. In both models, FENO (5 mg/kg·BID) showed little effect in hepatic steatosis and inflammation, neither the adverse effects. FENO (125 mg/kg·BID) aggravated liver inflammation, increased bile acid synthesis, and promoted the potential of liver proliferation. In toxicity risk assay, FENO (25 mg/kg·BID) treatment showed low potential to trigger bile acid synthesis, inflammation and hepatocyte proliferation. Conclusion: A new regime, FENO (25 mg/kg·BID) is potentially a therapeutic strategy for the NASH treatment. Translational medicine is warranted to prove its effectiveness in the clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore whether casticin (CAS) suppresses stemness in cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) obtained from human cervical cancer (CCSLCs) and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Spheres from HeLa and CaSki cells were used as CCSLCs. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) activity and mRNA levels, self-renewal capability (Nanog and Sox2), and cancer stem cell markers (CD133 and CD44), were detected by a colorimetric DNMT activity/inhibition assay kit, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, sphere and colony formation assays, and immunoblot, respectively. Knockdown and overexpression of DNMT1 by transfection with shRNA and cDNA, respectively, were performed to explore the mechanism for action of CAS (0, 10, 30, and 100 nmol/L). Results: DNMT1 activity was increased in CCSLCs compared with HeLa and CaSki cells (P<0.05). In addition, HeLa-derived CCSLCs transfected with DNMT1 shRNA showed reduced sphere and colony formation abilities, and lower CD133, CD44, Nanog and Sox2 protein expressions (P<0.05). Conversely, overexpression of DNMT1 in HeLa cells exhibited the oppositive effects. Furthermore, CAS significantly reduced DNMT1 activity and transcription levels as well as stemness in HeLa-derived CCSLCs (P<0.05). Interestingly, DNMT1 knockdown enhanced the inhibitory effect of CAS on stemness. As expected, DNMT1 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of CAS on stemness in HeLa cells. Conclusion: CAS effectively inhibits stemness in CCSLCs through suppression of DNMT1 activation, suggesting that CAS acts as a promising preventive and therapeutic candidate in cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and aim. Following the use of repurposing drugs to successfully manage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in an Infectious Diseases Center (IDC) in Nigeria, it was imperative to assess haematological changes and metabolic alterations in these patients which may inform recommendations for future use. Material and methods. Blood samples of admitted COVID-19 Nigerian patients during therapeutic management were analysed for haematological-(total white blood cells (WBC), lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil and neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio) and blood chemistry-parameters [total protein, total and conjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), albumin, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), PO43-, Ca2+, uric acid, Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3-] using autoanalysers. The percentages of patients having values below, within and above reference ranges were compared using Chi-square test while the mean values at admission were compared with mean values at discharge using Student t-test. Results. The mean values of total protein, albumin, Na+, HCO3-, uric acid, Ca2+, WBC, platelets, lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients at discharge compared with COVID-19 patients at admission. Also, more percentages of COVID-19 patients at discharge compared with COVID-19 patients at admission had albumin, ALP, total bilirubin, HDL, Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, urea, creatinine, WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils within normal reference intervals. Conclusion. This study showed that most metabolic and haematological derangements were normalised by repurposing drugs in most of the COVID-19 patients at this IDC, thus supporting the continuous use of this therapeutic option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal mucositis is a clinically related adverse reaction of antitumor treatment. Majority of patients receiving high-dose chemical therapy, radiotherapy, and bone-marrow transplant suffer from intestinal mucositis. Clinical manifestations of intestinal mucositis mainly include pain, bodyweight reduction, inflammatory symptom, diarrhea, hemoproctia, and infection, which all affect regular nutritional input and enteric function. Intestinal mucositis often influences adherence to antitumor treatment because it frequently restricts the sufferer's capacity to tolerate treatment, thus resulting in schedule delay, interruption, or premature suspension. In certain circumstances, partial and general secondary infections are found, increasing the expenditures on medical care and hospitalization. Current methods of treating intestinal mucositis are provided, which do not always counteract this disorder. Against this background, novel therapeutical measures are extremely required to prevent and treat intestinal mucositis. Plant-derived natural compounds have lately become potential candidates against enteric injury ascribed to the capacity to facilitate mucosal healing and antiinflammatory effects. These roles are associated with the improvement of intestinal mucosal barrier, suppression of inflammatory response and oxidant stress, and modulation of gut microflora and immune system. The present article aims at systematically discussing the recent progress of plant-derived natural compounds as promising treatments for intestinal mucositis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Should the analyst do anything else besides interpret? What constitutes an act within the analytic setting? And what signifies an act as analytic? The author reviews previous contributions to this literature, putting forward the idea that the analyst's act is never isolated from the context of the analysis and the whole of the transference-countertransference relationship. Yet, under certain circumstances, it is not interpretation or the understanding of something that facilitates the transformation, but the experiencing of something that the analyst does. Through the careful 10 examination of previous conceptualizations (enactment, interpretive act), the author proposes that the analyst's transformative act is a conscious-spontaneous act, not a reenactment of past. This idea will be discussed in light of the idea of playing and some recent thinking concerning ontological psychoanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Birth stories, as told to patients by caregivers, represent an important clinical communication to psychoanalysts in case conceptualization and clinical process. Because birth stories illuminate many of the relational themes between the parent's unconscious experience of creation/caregiving and the child's experience of entering into a particular caregiver's world, these stories often foreshadow the self/other configurations that come about in the family of origin and within the self, as well as later in the treatment experience vis a vis the enactive dimension with the analyst. The clinical utility of the birth story will be illustrated in a clinical example in which the emergent properties of therapeutic action are emphasized. The emergent properties of therapeutic action refer to the experiential process, as opposed to its outcomes, from within a contemporary psychoanalytic praxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Natural plants and plant-derived formulations have been used by mankind from the ancient period of time. For the past few years, many investigations elaborated the therapeutic potential of various secondary chemicals present in the plants. Literature revealed that the various secondary metabolites, viz. phenolics and flavonoids, are responsible for a variety of therapeutic action in humans. Main body In the present review, an attempt has been made to compile the exploration of natural phenolic compounds with major emphasis on flavonoids and their therapeutic potential too. Interestingly, long-term intake of many dietary foods (rich in phenolics) proved to be protective against the development and management of diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Conclusion This review presents an overview of flavonoid compounds to use them as a potential therapeutic alternative in various diseases and disorders. In addition, the present understanding of phenolics and flavonoids will serve as the basis for the next scientific studies.

The concept of therapeutic action among most schools of psychoanalysis has solidly progressed from the original Freudian catharsis-insight model to an intersubjective-insight perspective. This article will focus on the re-conceptualizations of therapeutic action that have evolved over the past 80 years in interpersonal psychoanalysis and among many other psychoanalytic orientations. A clinical example will follow to illustrate an intersubjective-insight model of therapeutic action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many internal Ayurvedic medicinal herbs are effective in treating Vata rogam, out of these Chaturbeeja churnam (Methika, Chandrashura, Kalajaji, and Yavanika) is one of the combinations (taken internally) described in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu by Bhavprakasha in mishrak gana. The relevant literature was collected from the book source Bhavapraksha Nigandhu, Dravyaguna Vigyan, and Web sources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Ayush Portal, etc. This article is to explain the therapeutic action of Chaturbeeja churnam in Vatarogam and other diseases with modern comparison. As described in the various treatise of Ayurveda it is mainly working in Vata dosha and other diseases as per text and an attempt is made to correlate some other conditions which are not explained specifically in ayurvedic text with its possible modern diseases. This article discussed the individual ingredient of Chaturbeeja churna for its antispasmodic, analgesic, spasmolytic, and other important activities. It increases the pain threshold and facilitates better pain tolerance capacity. Hope that this review analysis will pave a way for better use of this potent drug to treat various chronic ailments which caused due to alteration in Vata dosham. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case report of an 18 years adolescent is presented. He was assisted at Armando García Aspurú Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba due to a history of psychomotor development retardation, wandering march, frequent falls, positive Gowers sign, diminished proximal muscular force in upper and lower limbs, twins pseudohypertrophy, atrophy of pectoralis and scapular quadriceps. The clinical signs and symptoms allowed to diagnose a Duchenne muscular dystrophy. As the necessary rehabilitative treatment could not be carried out, a progressive and severe musculoskeletal deterioration of the patient took place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accomplished psychiatrist/psychoanalyst presents details of his ego psychological analysis during training and begins a second analysis some 20 plus years later to address remaining issues of "work and love." The second analysis was very different from the first. This author suggests that the differences can be accounted for by the paradigmatic changes in psychoanalytic theory and technique that have occurred over the past 60 years as well as by the particular subjectivities of these two protagonists and their co-creation of a facilitative, growth-promoting intersubjective field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The mineral-medicinal water studied comes from the Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña Thermal Complex, Chaco province, located in the northeast of Argentina. The waters of the tertiary aquifers of northern Argentina present a marked salinity gradient from the western sector (Jujuy subgroup) to the eastern sector (Chaco formation). Aquifers are dynamic processes and consequently, the composition of natural groundwater must be viewed from the perspective of its possible spatial-temporal variation. Aims: to analyse and to compare the chemical composition and microbiological quality of thermal water of the city of Sáenz Peña in the 2016-2018 period and to evaluate its main physicochemical characteristics that define its potential therapeutic applications. Results: Due to its temperature, the thermal water is classified as hypothermal water, with a pH close to neutrality, high conductivity, showing its direct relationship with high salinity. Its equivalent percentage defined as chlorinated water, with high content of the sulphate anion and the cations sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. According to the majority composition of chlorides, topical use is recommended for bone and muscle ailments, as well as dermatological and circulatory problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author's discussion of Dick Geist's article on interpretation as a carrier of selfobject functions starts with a description of how the concept of interpretation has evolved since Freud. It continues with how the theory of normal development offered by Kohut and elaborated by Marian Tolpin dovetails with how Geist understands the mutative power of interpretation. The author compares Geist's understanding of disruption and repair with Ernest Wolf's and elaborates on Geist's focus on the intrapsychic in contrast to the interpersonal. How Geist's concepts of connectedness and permeable boundaries facilitate the necessary conditions for interpretations to be effective is underscored and the process by which we help people move from a focus on external people and events to a focus on their internal experience is elaborated as the heart of what gives individuals the power to impact and make lasting changes in their lives. Ultimately, what the author sees Geist as offering is a new understanding of the therapeutic action of interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding what the therapeutic action of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic therapy have in common with other forms of therapy helps us identify essential elements of therapeutic change. Several processes that cut across diverse psychotherapy approaches are outlined, based on clinical empiricism, theory, and research. A model of therapeutic action is considered that places emotion schemas at the center of therapeutic change across modalities; to modify these memory structures, diverse therapies utilize overtly different, if complementary, methods. These shared processes are drawn together into a common, coherent change model that is further informed by the role of neuroplastic memory reconsolidation. Although the model seeks to explain and to link multiple transformative therapy approaches, and in that sense, is a general model that applies to many therapies, for the purposes of this paper, the case example applies the model to psychoanalytic therapy. Paradoxically, the case illustration brings into sharpened focus what is important and often underemphasized in psychoanalytic therapy, while also opening and extending customary forms of psychoanalytic and psychotherapeutic thinking and methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emmanuel Ghent's innovative view of surrender developed out of his Buddhist beliefs and special interest in Eastern philosophies, and has come to be one of the most significant concepts in contemporary psychoanalysis, particularly among relational and intersubjective thinkers. Drawing on my own Japanese cultural background, I attempt to relate Ghent's surrender to emptiness—as conceived in traditional Eastern philosophies—and narrative in psychoanalysis. Western readers will be asked to put aside responses and assumptions based in standard psychoanalytic literature and practice, in order to encounter a different and unfamiliar conception of emptiness. In return, this paper concludes, the idea of surrender to emptiness can be a useful therapeutic mode for Western analysts, allowing them to go beyond spoken and unspoken narratives or formulated and unformulated experiences. A psychoanalytic case study of a female patient who often fell asleep in sessions or remained silent for long periods, is used to illustrate this conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Originally presented as the plenary presentation at the annual meeting of the Association for Child Psychoanalysis in Denver, 2016, this is a report of a portion of a psychoanalytic treatment of an adopted adolescent with learning disabilities and ADHD who is moving into emerging adulthood. Innovative features of the therapeutic action are highlighted, as the analyst describes the "turning points" in the forward shifts of the analytic work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an effort to further delineate the concept "developmental object," highlighting the ways the analyst's emotionality contributes to therapeutic action. This capacity on the part of the analyst is vital to the patient's experience of being seen and understood. It considers the meaning to the patient who experiences the analyst's emotional capacity to see him, and its impact on the patient's ability to reveal himself, to alter the way he relates, and to take a further developmental step. The use of the analyst as a developmental object can occur in all analyses but has been linked historically to technique applicable primarily to developmental pathology. It has also suffered by its confusion with the concept "corrective emotional experience." This paper attempts to correct the confusion as well as to clarify the mechanisms by which the analyst as developmental object contributes to structural change. To highlight the unique role of the developmental object in therapeutic action, clinical material is presented contrasting the use of the analyst as developmental object with that of the analyst as transference object. To achieve this goal, the paper draws on psychoanalytic theorists' study of the concept and illustrative clinical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experience of knowing and having the truth about oneself known in the context of therapy is not an end in itself; rather, it is important because the trust engendered by this experience ("epistemic trust", or trust in new knowledge) opens one up to learning about one's social world and finding better ways to live in it. The consequences of a lack of epistemic trust in terms of psychopathology are discussed. The role of mentalizing in the therapeutic relationship is emphasized, and it is suggested that although the Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT) developed by Anthony Bateman and Peter Fonagy may be a specific and particular form of practice, the "mentalizing therapist" is a universal constituent of effective psychotherapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychoanalysis is defined in this paper as a process that initiates in the analyst's mind with the framing of the patient's material in terms of transference and resistance . Once the analyst is able to do this, a first level of transformation of experience is effectuated that then must be consummated through interpretation to the patient of what is occurring in their mind as it is lived out in the experience with the analyst. For this author, Bion's model of container-contained complements Freud's transference and resistance model; it also offers an example to his thesis that only within a clear model of mind and a corresponding theory of therapeutic action can the psychoanalyst define for themselves and for their patients a way of knowing that they are doing analysis. The patient's unconscious storm is present from the moment of the first interviews, and the analytic process begins whenever the analyst is ready to experience, think, and talk about it with his or her patient.

Musing on the topic of initiating analyses, I began asking myself, what do we experience and what do we mean when we commonly say "an analysis unfolds"? Hans Loewald understood the rhythms of psychic development as coming into being , and that an analysis (when it works) also seems to follow that pattern. This paper will focus on appreciating the new within the old in the analytic process as a way to illustrate narrative and behavioral themes in the analytic dialogue. It will explore how these themes relate to the creativity of analytic unfolding from an initial matrix of psychically overdetermined uncertainties. Analyst, supervisor, and patient can all notice and experience shifts of new forms intermingling with the old. This trope will be clinically expanded and examined (1) with materials from a candidate's first analytic case, (2) with a vignette from a seasoned analyst's beginning case; and (3) a Covid-era beginning treatment. A clinical footnote (dubbed by the author's supervisees "The Balsam Sign") describes a nonverbal mime in the office of a new development occurring within the familiar verbal communication, which may signal a patient's readiness to accept a recommendation to begin an analysis.

Background: Primary osteoporosis has increasingly become one of the risk factors affecting human health, and the clinical effect and action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of primary osteoporosis have been widely studied. Previous studies have confirmed that in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Drynaria rhizome has a role in improving bone density. In this study, a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic analysis was conducted to derive potential targets for Drynaria rhizome treatment in postmenopausal osteoporosis., Methods: The model group (OVX) and experimental group (OVXDF) for menopausal osteoporosis were established using the universally acknowledged ovariectomy method, and the OVXDF group was given 0.48g/kg Rhizoma Drynariae solution by gavage for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, femurs of rats selected for this study were examined with a bone mineral density (BMD) test, Micro-CT, ELISABiochemical testing, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and immunohistochemistry. A certain portion of the bone tissue was studied with a TMT-based proteomic analysis and functional and pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, key target genes were selected for Western blotting for validation., Results: The comparison of the OVXDF and OVX groups indicated that Drynaria rhizome could improve bone density. In the TMT-based proteomic analysis, the comparison of these two groups revealed a total of 126 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), of which 62 were upregulated and 64 were downregulated. Further, by comparing the differential genes between the OVXDF and OVX groups and between the OVX and SHAM groups, we concluded that the 27 differential genes were significantly changed in the rats selected for the osteoporosis model after Drynaria rhizome intragastric administration. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of DEPs showed that molecular function was mainly involved in biological processes, such as glucose metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, immune responses, and aging. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of DEPs revealed that multiple differential genes were enriched in the estrogen and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways. Relationships with nitrogen metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, secretion systems, and tumor diseases were also observed. Western blotting was consistent with the analysis., Conclusions: We used TMT-based proteomics to analyze the positive effects of TCM Drynaria rhizome, which can regulate related proteins through the unique roles of multiple mechanisms, targets, and pathways. This treatment approach can regulate oxidative stress, improve lipid metabolism, reduce the inflammatory response mechanism, and improve bone density. These benefits highlight the unique advantages of TCM in the treatment of primary osteoporosis., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Child analysts increasingly appreciate that play can stand on its own as a mutative process. When the analyst shares a child's "play state," her participation creates a transitional space in which a therapeutic process is enhanced. During play, children experiment with new, improvisational ways of sharing and negotiating meaning between themselves and another. The child and analyst co-create a new lived-experience that can be organized and integrated into a different narrative about the child and his world. This paper demonstrates, through a clinical illustration, how the analyst's participation in play works therapeutically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic is how the therapeutic action in psychoanalysis is seen today and in the past. I support the idea that there is often an overvaluation of traditional views and interventions with ignorance of the latest conceptualizations and discoveries and in some cases a preference for new forms of conceptualization and intervention and excessive devaluation of the older ones. Key concepts in the therapeutic process such as recall, insight, interpretation, resistance, neutrality, and transference have been reformulated or ceased to be the center of action and have diminished their importance, yielding relevance to concepts such as countertransference, projective identification, and more recently to relation, enactment, emotions, interpersonal relationships outside the setting, and the patient's future. Psychoanalysis turned its attention from the patient to the analyst. We discuss the changes of traditional visions in contemporary visions and their implications in two texts. In this text identified as the first part we will address recall, insight, interpretation, resistance, and neutrality. The remainder will be covered in Part Two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy and toxic metal and easily absorbed by animals and plants; subsequently, it is an environmental risk factor with several toxic effects in humans and animals. The main pathway of human or animal exposure to Cd is through its ingestion by water or food and by particles or fume inhalation during industrial processes. With continuous exposure to small levels of cadmium, it is being deposited in different tissues day after day, causing toxic effects on the liver, kidney, and testes. Long-term exposure to this toxic metal resulted in inflammatory infiltration, necrosis of hepatocytes, degenerative changes in testis tissues, reduction in spermatocytes, degeneration in renal tubules, and hypertrophy of renal epithelium. Therefore, we need an effective treatment to overcome cadmium poisoning. Thus, in the current review, we try to provide compiled reports and summarize information about the toxicological effects of Cd in human, animals, and poultry. This review also provides updated information about the protective actions of herbs and herbal extracts and their role as an effective strategy in reducing or preventing serious health problems and tissue damage in response to Cd toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In my discussion of Dr. Marina Mirkin's case, I focus on three topics that stimulated my own thinking about this treatment and child analytic treatment in general. First, I comment on the question the author raises several times in her paper: Why did a relatively benign congenital condition leave such a consequential imprint on the patient's psychological development? Second, I address the use of play in this analysis and its contribution to the therapeutic action. Third, I underscore the role of the developmental process in the therapeutic action of this child's treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how clinicians can arrive at effective therapeutic action by means other than spoken language. The paper presents a view that resonating affective states promote intimacy in the therapeutic encounter and is in fact a vital part of the curative process of psychotherapy. This emotional interchange supplements traditional notions of insight by adding an aspect of an “embodied self” who knows. A clinical case that demonstrates this view is presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess parental practices and attitude regarding administration of psychotropic agents in their children suffering from psychiatric disorders. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Psychiatry Out-Patient Department (OPD) Mayo Hospital conducted over a span of 6 months, from 15 Apr to 15 Oct 2017. Material and Methods: Ninety three individuals were included in the study through non-probability purposive sampling. Informed consent was taken from the parents. A closed ended questionnaire was designed to carry out a targeted survey which was focused on the knowledge and practices followed by parents during their first contact in an outpatient department. Parents were asked whether they believe that psychotropic drugs are effective in the treatment of mental disorders. Results: Results are based on ninety three responders who participated in answering the questionnaire. Eighty turned out and submitted the questionnaire for result compilation and analysis. Participants ranged from 19 to 65 years. Males outnumbered female's patients during the study period by approx, 20%. The study indicated that two third of the patients had family history of mental illness. Common diagnosis included epilepsy, behavioral/ conversion disorders and mental retardation. One thought-provoking finding among parents was that psychotropic drugs lead to certain side effects and somehow effects which may causes biological abnormalities resulting into several medical diseases. Others had a belief that these drugs are addictive and may cause vital organs failure. Conclusion: Mostly parents were of the opinion that are of psychotropic drugs lead to certain side effects and somehow effects brain which may cause biological abnormalities resulting into several medical diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue that “Psychoanalysis as an Art and the Fantasy Character of the Psychoanalytic Situation” is of immediate use to the analytic clinician. Its graphic metaphors of a force-field and a play provide experience-near descriptions of the therapeutic interchange. Building on his more widely known and theoretically dense model of the mother-infant matrix, Loewald uses the idea of a theatrical play to illustrate the externalization of fantasy action sequences in the scenarios played out in the transference and countertransference field. In the creation of their play, the patient and analyst become artist and medium for each other. I elaborate this latter idea by drawing on the work of Dobyns (1996), a contemporary poet. A poem creates a relationship with a reader by using metaphor to awaken experience and stimulate self-examination. In the clinical situation, the content of the associations and enacted object relations are metaphors revealing the underlying fantasy action sequences. A clinical vignette illustrates these ideas and the options for interpreting them in the therapeutic field (Ferro 2002). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]