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In this interview, Tom Erbe reflects on his three decades as a developer of computer music software and hardware, both freeware and commercial. Tom met with Theodore Gordon on 8 December 2021 and discussed the beginnings of SoundHack and its roots in experimental music studio practice and hacker culture, ideas behind the design of sound processor interface and the shift from experimental software development to Eurorack modular hardware design.

On April 30, 2021, a total of 45 died and 112 were injured in a crowd crush at a religious festival on Mount Meron, Israel. Unlike a bomb blast, building collapse, mass shooting, or stampede, the incident lacked a dramatic, noticeable trigger and may be termed a “silent mass casualty incident (MCI).” This may have resulted in a slight delay in response. Magen David Adom (MDA)—Israel’s National Emergency Medical Services Organization—was the main prehospital response to the MCI. MDA’s intense planning, organization of medical infrastructure, and on-site MCI drill before the event allowed for the rapid, coordinated treatment and evacuation of casualties by ambulance and helicopter. The use of volunteers facilitated an effective response to the event. A “rolling reinforcement” system of ambulances helped treat and transport those at the scene while placing staff at stations throughout the country to serve routine emergency calls.

BACKGROUND: Given substance use disorders (SUDs) among people with HIV are highly prevalent, integrating SUD services within HIV service settings is needed to help end the HIV epidemic. In this study we assessed the setting-intervention fit (SIF) of nine evidence-based SUD interventions: acamprosate, disulfiram, oral naltrexone, injectable naltrexone, oral buprenorphine, injectable buprenorphine, contingency management, motivational interviewing (MI), and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). SETTING: Clinical and non-clinical HIV service organizations (HSOs) in the United States. METHODS: In May 2020, a stakeholder-engaged real-time Delphi was completed with 203 HSOs. HSO respondents rated the extent to which each SUD intervention was fundable, implementable, retainable, sustainable, scalable, and timely for their HSO, and these six items were summed into an SIF score (possible range of 0 to 18). RESULTS: MI had the highest average SIF score (11.42), with SIF scores above the midpoint (9.5) for clinical (11.51) and non-clinical HSOs (11.36). For non-clinical HSOs, none of the other interventions were above the midpoint. For clinical HSOs, the average SIF scores were above the midpoint for CBT (10.97) and oral buprenorphine (9.51). Multivariate regression analyses, which controlled for characteristics of the HSO respondent, revealed geographic region of United States and whether the HSO currently offered any substance use services as two of the best predictors of SIF scores. CONCLUSIONS: Notwithstanding the need to improve the SIF for the other evidence-based SUD interventions, MI, CBT, and oral buprenorphine are currently the evidence-based SUD interventions with greatest perceived fit for integration within HSOs in the United States.

Although HIV and substance use disorders (SUDs) constitute a health syndemic, no research to date has examined the perceived negative impacts of different SUDs for people with HIV (PWH). In May 2019, 643 stakeholders in the U.S., representing clients of AIDS service organizations (ASOs), ASO staff, and HIV/AIDS Planning Council members, participated in an innovative Stakeholder-Engaged Real-Time Delphi (SE-RTD) survey focused on the prevalence and individual-level negative impact of five SUDs for PWH. The SE-RTD method has advantages over conventional survey methods by efficiently sharing information, thereby reducing the likelihood that between-group differences are simply due to lack of information, knowledge, and/or understanding. The population-level negative impacts were calculated by weighting each SUD’s individual-level negative impact on indicators of the HIV Care Continuum and other important areas of life by the perceived prevalence of each SUD. Overall, we found these SUDs to have the greatest population-level negative impact scores (possible range 0–24): alcohol use disorder (population-level negative impact = 6.9; perceived prevalence = 41.9%), methamphetamine use disorder (population-level negative impact = 6.5; perceived prevalence = 3.2%), and opioid use disorder (population-level negative impact = 6.4; perceived prevalence = 34.6%). Beyond further demonstration of the need to better integrate SUD services within HIV settings, our findings may help inform how finite funding is allocated for addressing the HIV-SUD syndemic within the U.S. Based on our findings, such future efforts should prioritize the integration of evidence-based treatments that help address use disorders for alcohol, methamphetamine, and opioids.

IN a standardized preparation of hemorrhagic shock we have repeatedly demonstrated that over 80 per cent of animals recover promptly and completely if the blood lost is returned after ninety minute...

Telescoping is the process of fitting a full-coverage primary casting to a prepared tooth and then placing a secondary casting, or superstructure, over the primary casting. Although not a new procedure, it is a modern approach that plays an important role in the problematic full-coverage fixed partial denture or complete oral rehabilitation.