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1. Ovarian cancer and smoking: individual participant meta-analysis including 28,114 women with ovarian cancer from 51 epidemiological studies

Author: Gaitskell, K, Hermon, C, Moser, K, Reeves, G, Peto, R, Brinton, L, Marchbanks, P, Negri, E, Ness, R, Peeters, PHM, Vessey, M, Calle, EE, Gapstur, SM, Patel, AV, Dal Maso, L, Talamini, R, Chetrit, A, Hirsh-Yechezkel, G, Lubin, F, Sadetzki, S, Banks, E, Beral, V, Bull, D, Callaghan, K, Crossley, B, Goodill, A, Green, J, Key, T, Sitas, F, Collins, R, Doll, R, Gonzalez, A, Lee, N, Ory, HW, Peterson, HB, Wingo, PA, Martin, N, Pardthaisong, T, Silpisornkosol, S, Theetranont, C, Boosiri, B, Chutivongse, S, Jimakorn, P, Virutamasen, P, Wongsrichanalai, C, Tjonneland, A, Titus-Ernstoff, L, Byers, T, Rohan, T, Mosgaard, BJ, Yeates, D, Freudenheim, JL, Chang-Claude, J, Kaaks, R, Anderson, KE, Folsom, A, Robien, K, Hampton, J, Newcomb, PA, Rossing, MA, Thomas, DB, Weiss, NS, Riboli, E, Clavel-Chapelon, F, Cramer, D, Hankinson, SE, Tworoger, SS, Franceschi, S, La Vecchia, C, Adami, HO, Magnusson, C, Riman, T, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Wolk, A, Schouten, LJ, van den Brandt, PA, Chantarakul, N, Koetsawang, S, Rachawat, D, Palli, D, Black, A, Brinton, LA, Freedman, DM, Hartge, P, Hsing, AW, Lacey, JV, Hoover, RN, Schairer, C, Urban, M, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Selmer, Randi, Bain, CJ, Green, AC, Purdie, DM, Siskind, V, Webb, PM, Moysich, K, McCann, SE, Hannaford, P, Kay, C, Binns, CW, Lee, AH, Zhang, M, Ness, RB, Nasca, P, Coogan, PF, Palmer, JR, Rosenberg, L, Kelsey, J, Paffenbarger, R, Whittemore, A, Katsouyanni, K, Trichopoulou, A, Trichopoulos, D, Tzonou, A, Dabancens, A, Martinez, L, Molina, R, Salas, O, Goodman, MT, Lurie, G, Carney, ME, Wilkens, LR, Hartman, L, Manjer, J, Olsson, H, Grisso, JA, Morgan, M, Wheeler, JE, Bunker, CH, Edwards, RP, Modugno, F, Casagrande, J, Pike, MC, Ross, RK, Wu, AH, Miller, AB, Kumle, Merethe, Gram, Inger Torhild, Lund, Eiliv, McGowan, L, Shu, XO, Zheng, W, Farley, TMM, Holck, S, Meirik, O, Risch, HA, E. E. Calle, S. M. Gapstur, A. V. Patel, L. Dal Maso, R. Talamini, A. Chetrit, G. Hirsh Yechezkel, F. Lubin, S. Sadetzki, E. Bank, V. Beral, D. Bull, K. Callaghan, B. Crossley, K. Gaitskell, A. Goodill, J. Green, C. Hermon, T. Key, K. Moser, G. Reeve, F. Sita, R. Collin, R. Doll, R. Peto, C. A. Gonzalez, N. Lee, P. Marchbank, H. W. Ory, H. B. Peterson, P. A. Wingo, N. Martin, T. Pardthaisong, S. Silpisornkosol, C. Theetranont, B. Boosiri, S. Chutivongse, P. Jimakorn, P. Virutamasen, C. Wongsrichanalai, A. Tjonneland, L. Titus Ernstoff, T. Byer, T. Rohan, B. J. Mosgaard, M. Vessey, D. Yeate, J. L. Freudenheim, J. Chang Claude, R. Kaak, K. E. Anderson, A. Folsom, K. Robien, J. Hampton, P. A. Newcomb, M. A. Rossing, D. B. Thoma, N. S. Wei, E. Riboli, F. Clavel Chapelon, D. Cramer, S. E. Hankinson, S. S. Tworoger, S. Franceschi, C. La Vecchia, E. Negri, H. O. Adami, C. Magnusson, T. Riman, E. Weiderpa, A. Wolk, L. J. Schouten, P. A. van den Brandt, N. Chantarakul, S. Koetsawang, D. Rachawat, D. Palli, A. Black, L. A. Brinton, D. M. Freedman, P. Hartge, A. W. Hsing, J. Lacey, R. N. Hoover, C. Schairer, M. Urban, S. Graff Iversen, R. Selmer, C. J. Bain, A. C. Green, D. M. Purdie, V. Siskind, P. M. Webb, K. Moysich, S. E. Mccann, P. Hannaford, C. Kay, C. W. Binn, A. H. Lee, M. Zhang, R. B. Ne, P. Nasca, P. F. Coogan, J. R. Palmer, L. Rosenberg, J. Kelsey, R. Paffenbarger, A. Whittemore, K. Katsouyanni, A. Trichopoulou, D. Trichopoulo, A. Tzonou, A. Dabancen, L. Martinez, R. Molina, O. Sala, M. T. Goodman, G. Lurie, M. E. Carney, L. R. Wilken, L. Hartman, J. Manjer, H. Olsson, J. A. Grisso, M. Morgan, J. E. Wheeler, C. H. Bunker, R. P. Edward, F. Modugno, P. H. M. Peeter, J. Casagrande, M. C. Pike, R. K. Ro, A. H. Wu, A. B. Miller, M. Kumle, I. T. Gram, E. Lund, L. Mcgowan, X. O. Shu, W. Zheng, T. M. M. Farley, S. Holck, O. Meirik, H. A. Risch, Epidemiologie, RS: CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, and RS: GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction
Subjects: hormonal factor, Oncology, body-mass index, Comorbidity, anthropometric measurement, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, Cancer Type - Ovarian Cancer, 030212 general & internal medicine, epithelial ovarian, Prospective cohort study, oral contraceptives, Ovarian Neoplasms, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Smoking, Articles, Middle Aged, Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous, 3. Good health, Causality, Europe, risk-factor, Serous fluid, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Meta-analysis, Adenocarcinoma, Female, Risk, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, prospective cohort, Etiology - Exogenous Factors in the Origin and Cause of Cancer, Risk Assessment, methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, oral-contraceptive use, medicine, cancer, Humans, Women, tobacco smoking, therapy, cigarette-smoking, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750::Oncology: 762, business.industry, Research, medicine.disease, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Onkologi: 762, Relative risk, North America, Other, United-State, business, Ovarian cancer, Meta-Analysis
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Smoking has been linked to mucinous ovarian cancer, but its effects on other ovarian cancer subtypes and on overall ovarian cancer risk are unclear, and the findings from most studies with relevant data are unpublished. To assess these associations, we review the published and unpublished evidence. METHODS: Eligible epidemiological studies were identified by electronic searches, review articles, and discussions with colleagues. Individual participant data for 28,114 women with and 94,942 without ovarian cancer from 51 epidemiological studies were analysed centrally, yielding adjusted relative risks (RRs) of ovarian cancer in smokers compared with never smokers. FINDINGS: After exclusion of studies with hospital controls, in which smoking could have affected recruitment, overall ovarian cancer incidence was only slightly increased in current smokers compared with women who had never smoked (RR 1·06, 95% CI 1·01-1·11, p=0·01). Of 17,641 epithelial cancers with specified histology, 2314 (13%) were mucinous, 2360 (13%) endometrioid, 969 (5%) clear-cell, and 9086 (52%) serous. Smoking-related risks varied substantially across these subtypes (p(heterogeneity)
Published: 2016

2. Menopausal hormone use and ovarian cancer risk : individual participant meta-analysis of 52 epidemiological studies

Author: Gapstur, S. M., Patel, A. V., Banks, E., Dal Maso, L., Talamini, R., Chetrit, A., Hirsh-Yechezkel, G., Lubin, F., Sadetzki, S., Beral, V., Bull, D., Cairns, B., Crossley, B., Gaitskell, K., Goodill, A., Green, J., Hermon, C., Key, T., Moser, K., Reeves, G., Sitas, F., Collins, R., Peto, R., Gonzalez, C. A., Lee, N., Marchbanks, P., Ory, H. W., Peterson, H. B., Wingo, P. A., Martin, N., Silpisornkosol, S., Theetranont, C., Boosiri, B., Chutivongse, S., Jimakorn, P., Virutamasen, P., Wongsrichanalai, C., Goodman, M. T., Lidegaard, O., Kjaer, S. K., Morch, L. S., Tjonneland, A., Byers, T., Rohan, T., Mosgaard, B., Vessey, M., Yeates, D., Onland-Moret, N. C., Peeters, P. H. M., and Collaborative Grp Epidemiological
Subjects: WOMEN, HEALTH, THERAPY
Abstract: Background Half the epidemiological studies with information about menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer risk remain unpublished, and some retrospective studies could have been biased by selective participation or recall. We aimed to assess with minimal bias the effects of hormone therapy on ovarian cancer risk. Methods Individual participant datasets from 52 epidemiological studies were analysed centrally. The principal analyses involved the prospective studies (with last hormone therapy use extrapolated forwards for up to 4 years). Sensitivity analyses included the retrospective studies. Adjusted Poisson regressions yielded relative risks (RRs) versus never-use. Findings During prospective follow-up, 12 110 postmenopausal women, 55% (6601) of whom had used hormone therapy, developed ovarian cancer. Among women last recorded as current users, risk was increased even with Interpretation The increased risk may well be largely or wholly causal; if it is, women who use hormone therapy for 5 years from around age 50 years have about one extra ovarian cancer per 1000 users and, if its prognosis is typical, about one extra ovarian cancer death per 1700 users.
Published: 2015

3. Menopausal hormone use and ovarian cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of 52 epidemiological studies

Author: Gapstur, S. M. Patel, A. V. Banks, E. Dal Maso, L. and Talamini, R. Chetrit, A. Hirsh-Yechezkel, G. Lubin, F. and Sadetzki, S. Beral, V. Bull, D. Cairns, B. Crossley, B. and Gaitskell, K. Goodill, A. Green, J. Hermon, C. Key, T. Moser, K. Reeves, G. Sitas, F. Collins, R. Peto, R. Gonzalez, C. A. Lee, N. Marchbanks, P. Ory, H. W. and Peterson, H. B. Wingo, P. A. Martin, N. Silpisornkosol, S. and Theetranont, C. Boosiri, B. Chutivongse, S. Jimakorn, P. and Virutamasen, P. Wongsrichanalai, C. Goodman, M. T. and Lidegaard, O. Kjaer, S. K. Morch, L. S. Tjonneland, A. and Byers, T. Rohan, T. Mosgaard, B. Vessey, M. Yeates, D. and Freudenheim, J. L. Titus, L. J. Chang-Claude, J. Kaaks, R. Anderson, K. E. Lazovich, D. Robien, K. Hampton, J. and Newcomb, P. A. Rossing, M. A. Thomas, D. B. Weiss, N. S. and Lokkegaard, E. Riboli, E. Clavel-Chapelon, F. Cramer, D. and Hankinson, S. E. Tamimi, R. M. Tworoger, S. S. and Franceschi, S. La Vecchia, C. Negri, E. Adami, H. O. and Magnusson, C. Riman, T. Weiderpass, E. Wolk, A. and Schouten, L. J. van den Brandt, P. A. Chantarakul, N. and Koetsawang, S. Rachawat, D. Palli, D. Black, A. Brinton, L. A. Freedman, D. M. Hartge, P. Hsing, A. W. Jnr, J. V. Lacey Lissowska, J. Hoover, R. N. Schairer, C. Babb, C. and Urban, M. Graff-Iversen, S. Selmer, R. Bain, C. J. and Green, A. C. Purdie, D. M. Siskind, V. Webb, P. M. and Moysich, K. McCann, S. E. Hannaford, P. Kay, C. Binns, C. W. Lee, A. H. Zhang, M. Ness, R. B. Nasca, P. and Coogan, P. F. Palmer, J. R. Rosenberg, L. Whittemore, A. and Katsouyanni, K. Trichopoulou, A. Trichopoulos, D. Tzonou, A. and Dabancens, A. Martinez, L. Molina, R. Salas, O. and Lurie, G. Carney, M. E. Wilkens, L. R. Hartman, L. and Manjer, J. Olsson, H. Kumle, M. Grisso, J. A. Morgan, M. and Wheeler, J. E. Edwards, R. P. Kelley, J. L. Modugno, F. and Onland-Moret, N. C. Peeters, P. H. M. Casagrande, J. and Pike, M. C. Wu, A. H. Canfell, K. Miller, A. B. Gram, I. T. Lund, E. McGowan, L. Shu, X. O. Zheng, W. Farley, T. M. M. Holck, S. Meirik, O. Risch, H. A. Collaborative Grp Epidemiological
Abstract: Background Half the epidemiological studies with information about menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer risk remain unpublished, and some retrospective studies could have been biased by selective participation or recall. We aimed to assess with minimal bias the effects of hormone therapy on ovarian cancer risk. Methods Individual participant datasets from 52 epidemiological studies were analysed centrally. The principal analyses involved the prospective studies (with last hormone therapy use extrapolated forwards for up to 4 years). Sensitivity analyses included the retrospective studies. Adjusted Poisson regressions yielded relative risks (RRs) versus never-use. Findings During prospective follow-up, 12 110 postmenopausal women, 55% (6601) of whom had used hormone therapy, developed ovarian cancer. Among women last recorded as current users, risk was increased even with
Published: 2015

4. Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer--collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58,515 women with breast cancer and 95,067 women without the disease

Author: Peterson, B., Ontiveros, P., Yu, M. C., Heath, C. W., Bergkvist, L., Baines, C. J., Malone, K., Magnusson, C., Lubin, F., Kungu, A., Kay, C., Pike, M., Siskind, V., Virutamasen, P., Hermon, C., Brêmond, A., Lacaya, L. B., Bain, C., Calle, E. E., Aristizabal, N., Gatei, D., Ngelangel, C. A., Bull, D., Fentiman, I. S., Leske, M. C., Hannaford, P., Pike, M. C., Viladiu, P., Wang, D. Y., Peto, J., White, E., Weinstein, A. L., Theetranont, C., Fraser, G., La Vecchia, C., Martinez, L., Evstifeeva, T., Holck, S., Jin, F., Shearman, R., Nasca, P. C., Wang, Q. S., Stanford, J. L., Chilvers, C. E.D., Tulinius, H., Bishop, T., Coldman, A. J., Salazar, S. B., Gallagher, R. P., Peto, R., Reeves, G., Hiatt, R. A., Kunde, D., Boyle, P., Kenya, P., Molina, R., Salas, O., Negri, E., Liff, J. M., Primic-Zakelj, M., Lee, N., Doll, R., Anderson, K., Schairer, C., Band, P., Goodill, A., Goldbohm, R. A., Katsouyanni, K., Hu, J., Mao, Y., Noonan, E. A., Hislop, T. G., Meirik, O., Cuadros, A., Clavel, F., Ursin, G., Boosiri, B., Lansac, J., Schofield, F., Renaud, R., Kosmelj, K., Kolonel, L. M., Hulka, B., Berry, G., Daling, J. R., Jones, L., Mati, J. G., Hulka, B. S., McCredie, M., Spears, G. F.S., Trichopoulou, A., Schuman, L., Farley, T. M.M., Ravnihar, B., Wei, H. Y., Key, T., Skegg, D. C.G., Lewis, C., Bernstein, L., Miller, A. B., Hanson, R. L., Ross, R. K., Martin, N., Rohan, T., Collins, R., Yuan, J. M., Colditz, G., Gao, Y. T., MacLennan, R., Segala, C., Weiss, N. S., Cooper Booth, J., Andrieu, N., Banks, E., Richardson, S., van Leeuwen, F. E., Newcomb, P., Gammon, M. D., Wongsrichanalai, C., Friedman, G. D., Szklo, M., Baens, J., van den Brandt, P. A., Alexander, F. E., Wilson, H. G., Spirtas, R., Tajima, K., Gerber, M., Franceschi, S., Stare, J., Ron, E., Jelihovsky, T., Mabuchi, K., Piana, L., Wall, C., Schoenberg, J. A., Koetsawang, S., Apelo, R. A., Marchbanks, P., Stewart, W., Van Leeuven, M., Jimakorn, P., Beeson, W. L., Pardthaisong, T., Tryggvadottir, L., Zheng, W., Adami, H. O., Coates, R. J., Palet, A., Wingo, P. A., Thomas, D. B., Thomas, D., Enger, S., Trichopoulos, D., Chutivongse, S., Bulbrook, R. D., Rosero-Bixby, L., Gajalakshmi, V., de la Cruz, J. R., Hopper, J. L., Muller, A., Zhiheng, C., Beral, V., Hamajima, N., Ewertz, M., Varma, A. O., Nomura, A. M.Y., Rookus, M. A., Lee, H. P., Ebeling, K., Cuzick, J., Yang, P., Cuevas, H. R., Peterson, H. B., Izquierdo, A., Brinton, L. A., Nishan, P., Clarke, E. A., Hayward, J. L., Crossley, B., Yun, T., Kalache, A., Moller, T. R., Hutchinson, W. B., Green, J., Marubini, E., Hoover, R., Wax, Y., Modan, B., Ory, H. W., Duffy, S. W., Ranstam, J., Olsson, H., Lund, E., Gairard, B., Ferraroni, M., Paganini-Hill, A., Appleby, P., Shu, X. O., Vessey, M., Haile, R. W., Dabancens, A., Folsom, A. R., Langston, N., Talamini, R., Skegg, D., Neil, A., Chang-Claude, J., Bachelot, A., McMichael, A. J., Javier, B., Persson, I., Paul, C., Mahoney, M. C., Hirose, K., Rachawat, D., De Sanjosé, S., Longnecker, M. P., Johnson, K. C., Morabia, A., Preston, D., Levi, F., Silpisornkosol, S., Stalsberg, H., McPherson, K., Yeates, D., Lê, M. G., Chantarakul, N., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Secretariat, Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Beral V, Hamajima N, Hirose K, Rohan T, Calle EE, Heath CW, Coates RJ, Liff JM, Talamini R, Chantarakul N, Koetsawang S, Rachawat D, Morabia A, Schuman L, Stewart W, Szklo M, Bain C, Schofield F, Siskind V, Band P, Coldman AJ, Gallagher RP, Hislop TG, Yang P, Kolonel LM, Nomura AMY, Hu J, Johnson KC, Mao Y, De Sanjose S, Lee N, Marchbanks P, Ory HW, Peterson HB, Wilson HG, Wingo PA, Ebeling K, Kunde D, Nishan P, Hopper JL, Colditz G, Gajalakshmi V, Martin N, Pardthaisong T, Solpisornkosol S, Theetranont C, Boosiri B, Chutivongse S, Jimakorn P, Virutamasen P, Wongsrichanalai C, Ewertz M, Adami HO, Bergkvist L, Magnusson C, Persson I, Chang-Claude J, Paul C, Skegg DCG, Spears GFS, Boyle P, Evstifeeva T, Daling JR, Hutchinson WB, Malone K, Noonan EA, Stanford JL, Thomas DB, Weiss NS, White E, Andrieu N, Bremond A, Clavel F, Gairard B, Lansac J, Piana L, Renaud R, Izquierdo A, Viladiu P, Cuevas HR, Ontiveros P, Palet A, Salazar SB, Arsitizabal N, Cuadros A, Tryggvadottir L, Tulinius H, Bachelot A, Le MG, Peto J, Franceschi S, Lubin F, Modan B, Ron E, Wax Y, Friedman GD, Hiatt RA, Levi F, Bishop T, Kosmelj K, Primic-Zakelj M, Ravnihar B, Stare J, Beeson WL, Fraser G, Bulbrook RD, Cuzick J, Duffy SW, Fentiman IS, Hayward JL, Wang DY, McMichael AJ, McPherson K, Hanson RL, Leske MC, Mahoney MC, Nasca PC, Varma AO, Weinstein AL, Moller TR, Olsson H, Ranstam J, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA, Apelo RA, Baens J, de la Cruz JR, Javier B, Lacaya LB, Ngelangel CA, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Marubini E, Ferraroni M, Gerber M, Richardson S, Segala C, Gatei D, Kenya P, Kungu A, Mati JG, Brinton LA, Hoover R, Schairer C, Spirtas R, Lee HP, Rookus MA, van Leeuwen FE, Schoenberg JA, McCredie M, Gammon MD, Clarke EA, Jones L, Neil A, Vessey M, Yeates D, Appleby P, Banks E, Bull D, Crossley B, Goodill A, Green J, Hermon C, Key T, Langston N, Lewis C, Reeves G, Collins R, Doll R, Peto R, Mabuchi K, Preston D, Hannaford P, Kay C, Rosero-Bixby L, Gao YT, Jin F, Yuan JM, Wei HY, Yun T, Zhiheng C, Berry G, Cooper Booth J, Jelihovsky T, MacLennan R, Shearman R, Wang QS, Baines CJ, Miller AB, Wall C, Lund E, Stalsberg H, Shu XO, Zheng W, Katsouyanni K, Trichopoulou A, Trichopoulos D, Dabancens A, Martinez L, Molina R, Salas O, Alexander XE, Anderson K, Folsom AR, Hulka BS, Bernstein L, Enger S, Haile RW, Paganini-Hill A, Pike MC, Ross RK, Ursin G, Yu MC, Longnecker MP, Newcomb P, Kalache A, Farley TMM, Holck S, Meirik O, and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Dones, Alcohol, tobacco, smoking, Càncer de mama, chemistry.chemical_compound, Breast cancer, Hàbit de fumar, breast cancer, Tabac, Tobacco, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Public Health and Epidemiology, medicine, Women, Gynecology, collaborative reanalysis, Obstetrics, business.industry, alcohol, Confounding, Smoking, medicine.disease, Tobbacco habit, Oncology, chemistry, Drinking of alcoholic beverages, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Meta-analysis, Relative risk, Consum d'alcohol, Risk assessment, business, Developed country
Abstract: COLLABORATORS (in alphabetical order of institution, study name, or location) Aichi Cancer Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan: N Hamajima, K Hirose, K Tajima; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA: T Rohan; American Cancer Society, GA, USA: EE Calle, CW Jr Heath; Atlanta, Emory University, GA, USA: RJ Coates, JM Liff; Aviano Cancer Center, Pordenone, Italy: R Talamini; Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand: N Chantarakul, S Koetsawang, D Rachawat; Breast Tumor Collaborative Study, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA: A Morabia, L Schuman, W Stewart, M Szklo; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia: C Bain, F Schofield, V Siskind; British Columbia Cancer Agency, BC, Canada: P Band, AJ Coldman, RP Gallagher, TG Hislop, P Yang; Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA: LM Kolonel, AMY Nomura; Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group, Canada: J Hu, KC Johnson, Y Mao; Catalán Institut of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain: S De Sanjosé; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, GA, USA: N Lee, P Marchbanks, HW Ory, HB Peterson, HG Wilson, PA Wingo; Central Institute of Cancer Research, Berlin, Germany: K Ebeling, D Kunde, P Nishan; Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia: JL Hopper; Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA: G Colditz for Nurses' Health Study Research Group; Chennai Cancer Institute, Madras, India: V Gajalakshmi; Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand: N Martin, T Pardthaisong, S Silpisornkosol, C Theetranont; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand: B Boosiri, S Chutivongse, P Jimakorn, P Virutamasen, C Wongsrichanalai; Danish Cancer Society, Aalborg, Denmark: M Ewertz; Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden: HO Adami, L Bergkvist, C Magnusson, I Persson; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany: J Chang-Claude; University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand: C Paul, DCG Skegg, GFS Spears; European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy: P Boyle, T Evstifeeva; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, WA, USA: JR Daling, WB Hutchinson, K Malone, EA Noonan, JL Stanford, DB Thomas, NS Weiss, E White; French Multicentre Breast Study, INSERM, Villejuif, France: N Andrieu, A Brêmond, F Clavel, B Gairard, J Lansac, L Piana, R Renaud; Girona Cancer Registry, Girona, Spain: A Izquierdo, P Viladiu; Hospital General de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico: HR Cuevas, P Ontiveros, A Palet, SB Salazar; Hospital Universitario, Cali, Colombia: N Aristizabal, A Cuadros; Icelandic Cancer Society, Reykjavik, Iceland: L Tryggvadottir, H Tulinius; INSERM, Institut Gustave-Roussey, Villejuif, France: A Bachelot, MG Lê; Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK: J Peto; International Agency for Research in Cancer, Lyon, France: S Franceschi; Israel Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Israel: F Lubin, B Modan, E Ron, Y Wax; Kaiser Permanente, CA, USA: GD Friedman, RA Hiatt; Institut universitaire de medecine sociale et preventive, Lausanne, Switzerland: F Levi; Cancer Research UK Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Leeds, UK: T Bishop; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia: K Kosmelj, M Primic-Zakelj, B Ravnihar, J Stare; Loma Linda University, CA, USA: WL Beeson, G Fraser; Cancer Research UK Department of Mathematics, Statistics & Epidemiology, London: RD Bulbrook, J Cuzick, SW Duffy, IS Fentiman, JL Hayward, DY Wang; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK: AJ McMichael, K McPherson; Long Island Breast Cancer Study, NY, USA: RL Hanson, MC Leske, MC Mahoney, PC Nasca, AO Varma, AL Weinstein; University Hospital, Lund, Sweden: TR Moller, H Olsson, J Ranstam; Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands: RA Goldbohm, PA van den Brandt; University of Philippines, Manila, Philippines: RA Apelo, J Baens, JR de la Cruz, B Javier, LB Lacaya, CA Ngelangel; Istituto ‘Mario Negri', Milan, Italy: C La Vecchia, E Negri; Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Divisione di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Milan, Italy: E Marubini; Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Milan, Italy: M Ferraroni; Montpellier Cancer Centre & INSERM, Montpellier, France: M Gerber, S Richardson, C Segala; Nairobi Centre for Research in Reproduction, Nairobi, Kenya: D Gatei, P Kenya, A Kungu, JG Mati; National Cancer Institute, MD, USA: LA Brinton, R Hoover, C Schairer; National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, MD, USA: R Spirtas; National University of Singapore, Singapore: HP Lee; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: MA Rookus, FE van Leeuwen for the Netherlands Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Study Group; New Jersey State Department of Health, NJ, USA: JA Schoenberg; New South Wales Cancer Council, Sydney, Australia: M McCredie; Columbia University School of Public Health, NY, USA: MD Gammon; Ontario Cancer Treatment & Research Foundation, Ontario, Canada: EA Clarke; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Oxford, UK: L Jones, A Neil, M Vessey, D Yeates; Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Oxford, UK (Secretariat): P Appleby, E Banks, V Beral, D Bull, B Crossley, A Goodill, J Green, C Hermon, T Key, N Langston, C Lewis, G Reeves; Cancer Research UK/MRC/BHF Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Oxford, UK: R Collins, R Doll, R Peto; Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan: K Mabuchi, D Preston; Royal College of General Practitioners Oral Contraception Study, London, UK: P Hannaford, C Kay; University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica: L Rosero-Bixby; Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China: YT Gao, F Jin, J-M Yuan; Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China: HY Wei, T Yun, C Zhiheng; Department of Public Health, Sydney, Australia: G Berry, J Cooper Booth, T Jelihovsky, R MacLennan, R Shearman; Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, China: Q-S Wang; Department of Public Health Sciences, Toronto, Canada: CJ Baines, AB Miller, C Wall; Tromso University, Tromso, Norway: E Lund, H Stalsberg; Vanderbilt University, TN, USA: XO Shu, W Zheng; University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece: K Katsouyanni, A Trichopoulou, D Trichopoulos; University of Chile, Santiago, Chile: A Dabancens, L Martinez, R Molina, O Salas; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK: FE Alexander; University of Minnesota School of Public Health, MN, USA: K Anderson, AR Folsom on behalf of the Iowa Women's Health Study; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Public Health, NC, USA: BS Hulka; University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK: CED Chilvers; University of Southern California, LA, USA: L Bernstein, S Enger, RW Haile, A Paganini-Hill, MC Pike, RK Ross, G Ursin, MC Yu; University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, WI, USA: MP Longnecker, P Newcomb for the 4 State Study; Vasteras, Sweden: L Bergkvist; World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland: A Kalache; World Health Organisation, UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Geneva, Switzerland: TMM Farley, S Holck, O Meirik. Analysis and writing committee: Beral V, Bull D, Doll R, Peto R, Reeves G Steering committee: Skegg D (Chairman), Colditz G, Hulka B, La Vecchia C, Magnusson C, Muller A, Peterson B, Pike M, Thomas D, Van Leeuven M.; International audience; Alcohol and tobacco consumption are closely correlated and published results on their association with breast cancer have not always allowed adequately for confounding between these exposures. Over 80% of the relevant information worldwide on alcohol and tobacco consumption and breast cancer were collated, checked and analysed centrally. Analyses included 58,515 women with invasive breast cancer and 95,067 controls from 53 studies. Relative risks of breast cancer were estimated, after stratifying by study, age, parity and, where appropriate, women's age when their first child was born and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The average consumption of alcohol reported by controls from developed countries was 6.0 g per day, i.e. about half a unit/drink of alcohol per day, and was greater in ever-smokers than never-smokers, (8.4 g per day and 5.0 g per day, respectively). Compared with women who reported drinking no alcohol, the relative risk of breast cancer was 1.32 (1.19-1.45, P/=45 g per day alcohol. The relative risk of breast cancer increased by 7.1% (95% CI 5.5-8.7%; P
Published: 2002
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5. Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies

Author: Beral, V, Bull, D, Pirie, K, Reeves, G, Peto, R, Skegg, D, LaVecchia, C, Magnusson, C, Pike, MC, Thomas, D, Hamajima, N, Hirose, K, Tajima, K, Rohan, T, Friedenreich, CM, Calle, EE, Gapstur, SM, Patel, AV, Coates, RJ, Liff, JM, Talamini, R, Chantarakul, N, Koetsawang, S, Rachawat, D, Marcou, Y, Kakouri, E, Duffy, SW, Morabia, A, Schuman, L, Stewart, W, Szklo, M, Coogan, PF, Palmer, JR, Rosenberg, L, Band, P, Coldman, AJ, Gallagher, RP, Hislop, TG, Yang, P, Cummings, SR, Canfell, K, Sitas, F, Chao, P, Lissowska, J, Horn-Ross, PL, John, EM, Kolonel, LM, Nomura, AMY, Ghiasvand, R, Hu, J, Johnson, KC, Mao, Y, Callaghan, K, Crossley, B, Goodill, A, Green, J, Hermon, C, Key, T, Lindgard, I, Liu, B, Collins, R, Doll, R, Bishop, T, Fentiman, IS, De Sanjose, S, Gonzaler, CA, Lee, N, Marchbanks, P, Ory, HW, Peterson, HB, Wingo, P, Ebeling, K, Kunde, D, Nishan, P, Hopper, JL, Eliassen, H, Gajalakshmi, V, Martin, N, Pardthaisong, T, Silpisornkosol, S, Theetranont, C, Boosiri, B, Chutivongse, S, Jimakorn, P, Virutamasen, P, Wongsrichanalai, C, Neugut, A, Santella, R, Baines, CJ, Kreiger, N, Miller, AB, Wall, C, Tjonneland, A, Jorgensen, T, Stahlberg, C, Pedersen, AT, Flesch-Janys, D, Hakansson, N, Cauley, J, Heuch, I, Adami, HO, Persson, I, Weiderpass, E, Chang-Claude, J, Kaaks, R, McCredie, M, Paul, C, Skegg, DCG, Spears, GFS, Iwasaki, M, Tsugane, S, Anderson, G, Daling, JR, Hampton, J, Hutchinson, WB, Li, CI, Malone, K, Mandelson, M, Newcomb, P, Noonan, EA, Ray, RM, Stanford, JL, Tang, MTC, Thomas, DB, Weiss, NS, White, E, Izquierdo, A, Viladiu, P, Fourkala, EO, Jacobs, I, Menon, U, Ryan, A, Cuevas, HR, Ontiveros, P, Palet, A, Salazar, SB, Aristizabal, N, Cuadros, A, Tryggvadottir, L, Tulinius, H, Riboli, E, Andrieu, N, Bachelot, A, Le, MG, Bremond, A, Gairard, B, Lansac, J, Piana, L, Renaud, R, Clavel-Chapelon, F, Fournier, A, Touillaud, M, Mesrine, S, Chabbert-Buffet, N, Boutron-Ruault, MC, Wolk, A, Torres-Mejia, G, Franceschi, S, Romieu, I, Boyle, P, Lubin, F, Modan, B, Ron, E, Wax, Y, Friedman, GD, Hiatt, RA, Levi, F, Kosmelj, K, Primic-Zakelj, M, Ravnihar, B, Stare, J, Ekbom, A, Erlandsson, G, Beeson, WL, Fraser, G, Peto, J, Hanson, RL, Leske, MC, Mahoney, MC, Nasca, PC, Varma, AO, Weinstein, AL, Hartman, ML, Olsson, H, Goldbohm, RA, van den Brandt, PA, Palli, D, Teitelbaum, S, Apelo, RA, Baens, J, de la Cruz, JR, Javier, B, Lacaya, LB, Ngelangel, CA, La Vecchia, C, Negri, E, Marubini, E, Ferraroni, M, Gerber, M, Richardson, S, Segala, C, Gatei, D, Kenya, P, Kungu, A, Mati, JG, Brinton, LA, Freedman, M, Hoover, R, Schairer, C, Ziegler, R, Banks, E, Spirtas, R, Lee, HP, Rookus, MA, van Leeuwen, FE, Schoenberg, JA, Graff-Iversen, S, Selmer, R, Jones, L, McPherson, K, Neil, A, Vessey, M, Yeates, D, Mabuchi, K, Preston, D, Hannaford, P, Kay, C, McCann, SE, Rosero-Bixby, L, Gao, YT, Jin, F, Yuan, J-M, Wei, HY, Yun, T, Zhiheng, C, Berry, G, Booth, JC, Jelihovsky, T, MacLennan, R, Shearman, R, Hadjisavvas, A, Kyriacou, K, Loisidou, M, Zhou, X, Wang, Q-S, Kawai, M, Minami, Y, Tsuji, I, Lund, E, Kumle, M, Stalsberg, H, Shu, XO, Zheng, W, Monninkhof, EM, Onland-Moret, NC, Peeters, PHM, Katsouyanni, K, Trichopoulou, A, Trichopoulos, D, Tzonou, A, Baltzell, KA, Dabancens, A, Martinez, L, Molina, R, Salas, O, Alexander, FE, Anderson, K, Folsom, AR, Gammon, MD, Hulka, BS, Millikan, R, Chilvers, CED, Lumachi, F, Bain, C, Schofield, F, Siskind, V, Rebbeck, TR, Bernstein, LR, Enger, S, Haile, RW, Paganini-Hill, A, Ross, RK, Ursin, G, Wu, AH, Yu, MC, Ewertz, DM, Clarke, EA, Bergkvist, L, Anderson, GL, Gass, M, O'Sullivan, MJ, Kalache, A, Farley, TMM, Holck, S, Meirik, O, Fukao, A, Factors, CGH, Grp, SHNHSIIIR, Epidemiologie, RS: CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, RS: GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, RS: GROW - R1 - Prevention, RS: CAPHRI - R5 - Optimising Patient Care, and Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer
Subjects: Aging, Breast cancer, Risk factors, Menopause, Menarche, cancer, malignancy, Ethnic origin, Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Risk Factors, Neoplasms, Receptors, Epidemiology, 80 and over, 030212 general & internal medicine, skin and connective tissue diseases, Aged, 80 and over, Patient, Obstetrics, Reproduction, Smoking, Age Factors, Middle Aged, Reproducibility, 3. Good health, Menopause, Receptors, Estrogen, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Menarche, Hormonal therapy, Female, epidemiology, Cancer Type - Breast Cancer, history, Adult, Risk, trends, medicine.medical_specialty, Design, Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent, Requiring prolonged observation, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Breast Neoplasms, and over, Validity, methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Age, Clinical Research, Breast Cancer, medicine, Humans, cancer, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Women, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Hormone-Dependent, breast, Aged, Gynecology, Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer, therapy, business.industry, Contraception/Reproduction, Research, Estrogens, Etiology - Resources and Infrastructure, medicine.disease, Estrogen, Good Health and Well Being, cessation, Premenopause, Risk factors, Relative risk, Recall, business, malignancy, Meta-Analysis
Abstract: Background Menarche and menopause mark the onset and cessation, respectively, of ovarian activity associated with reproduction, and affect breast cancer risk. Our aim was to assess the strengths of their effects and determine whether they depend on characteristics of the tumours or the affected women.Methods Individual data from 117 epidemiological studies, including 118 964 women with invasive breast cancer and 306 091 without the disease, none of whom had used menopausal hormone therapy, were included in the analyses. We calculated adjusted relative risks (RRs) associated with menarche and menopause for breast cancer overall, and by tumour histology and by oestrogen receptor expression.Findings Breast cancer risk increased by a factor of 1.050 (95% CI 1.044-1.057; p < 0.0001) for every year younger at menarche, and independently by a smaller amount (1.029, 1.025-1.032; p < 0.0001), for every year older at menopause. Premenopausal women had a greater risk of breast cancer than postmenopausal women of an identical age (RR at age 45-54 years 1.43, 1.33-1.52, p < 0.001). All three of these associations were attenuated by increasing adiposity among postmenopausal women, but did not vary materially by women's year of birth, ethnic origin, childbearing history, smoking, alcohol consumption, or hormonal contraceptive use. All three associations were stronger for lobular than for ductal tumours (p < 0.006 for each comparison). The effect of menopause in women of an identical age and trends by age at menopause were stronger for oestrogen receptor-positive disease than for oestrogen receptor-negative disease (p < 0.01 for both comparisons).Interpretation The effects of menarche and menopause on breast cancer risk might not be acting merely by lengthening women's total number of reproductive years. Endogenous ovarian hormones are more relevant for oestrogen receptor-positive disease than for oestrogen receptor-negative disease and for lobular than for ductal tumours.Funding Cancer Research UK.
Published: 2012
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6. Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies

Author: Beral, V. Bull, D. Pirie, K. Reeves, G. Peto, R. and Skegg, D. LaVecchia, C. Magnusson, C. Pike, M. C. and Thomas, D. Hamajima, N. Hirose, K. Tajima, K. Rohan, T. and Friedenreich, C. M. Calle, E. E. Gapstur, S. M. Patel, A. V. Coates, R. J. Liff, J. M. Talamini, R. and Chantarakul, N. Koetsawang, S. Rachawat, D. Marcou, Y. and Kakouri, E. Duffy, S. W. Morabia, A. Schuman, L. and Stewart, W. Szklo, M. Coogan, P. F. Palmer, J. R. and Rosenberg, L. Band, P. Coldman, A. J. Gallagher, R. P. and Hislop, T. G. Yang, P. Cummings, S. R. Canfell, K. and Sitas, F. Chao, P. Lissowska, J. Horn-Ross, P. L. John, E. M. Kolonel, L. M. Nomura, A. M. Y. Ghiasvand, R. Hu, J. Johnson, K. C. Mao, Y. Callaghan, K. Crossley, B. and Goodill, A. Green, J. Hermon, C. Key, T. Lindgard, I. and Liu, B. Collins, R. Doll, R. Bishop, T. Fentiman, I. S. De Sanjose, S. Gonzaler, C. A. Lee, N. Marchbanks, P. and Ory, H. W. Peterson, H. B. Wingo, P. Ebeling, K. and Kunde, D. Nishan, P. Hopper, J. L. Eliassen, H. and Gajalakshmi, V. Martin, N. Pardthaisong, T. Silpisornkosol, S. Theetranont, C. Boosiri, B. Chutivongse, S. Jimakorn, P. Virutamasen, P. Wongsrichanalai, C. Neugut, A. and Santella, R. Baines, C. J. Kreiger, N. Miller, A. B. and Wall, C. Tjonneland, A. Jorgensen, T. Stahlberg, C. and Pedersen, A. Tonnes Flesch-Janys, D. Hakansson, N. Cauley, J. Heuch, I. Adami, H. O. Persson, I. Weiderpass, E. and Chang-Claude, J. Kaaks, R. McCredie, M. Paul, C. Spears, G. F. S. Iwasaki, M. Tsugane, S. Anderson, G. Daling, J. R. Hampton, J. Hutchinson, W. B. Li, C. I. Malone, K. and Mandelson, M. Newcomb, P. Noonan, E. A. Ray, R. M. and Stanford, J. L. Tang, M. T. C. Weiss, N. S. White, E. and Izquierdo, A. Viladiu, P. Fourkala, E. O. Jacobs, I. and Menon, U. Ryan, A. Cuevas, H. R. Ontiveros, P. Palet, A. and Salazar, S. B. Aristizabal, N. Cuadros, A. and Tryggvadottir, L. Tulinius, H. Riboli, E. Andrieu, N. and Bachelot, A. Le, M. G. Bremond, A. Gairard, B. Lansac, J. Piana, L. Renaud, R. Clavel-Chapelon, F. Fournier, A. and Touillaud, M. Mesrine, S. Chabbert-Buffet, N. and Boutron-Ruault, M. C. Wolk, A. Torres-Mejia, G. Franceschi, S. Romieu, I. Boyle, P. Lubin, F. Modan, B. Ron, E. and Wax, Y. Friedman, G. D. Hiatt, R. A. Levi, F. and Kosmelj, K. Primic-Zakelj, M. Ravnihar, B. Stare, J. and Ekbom, A. Erlandsson, G. Beeson, W. L. Fraser, G. Peto, J. Hanson, R. L. Leske, M. C. Mahoney, M. C. Nasca, P. C. Varma, A. O. Weinstein, A. L. Hartman, M. L. Olsson, H. Goldbohm, R. A. van den Brandt, P. A. Palli, D. and Teitelbaum, S. Apelo, R. A. Baens, J. de la Cruz, J. R. and Javier, B. Lacaya, L. B. Ngelangel, C. A. La Vecchia, C. and Negri, E. Marubini, E. Ferraroni, M. Gerber, M. and Richardson, S. Segala, C. Gatei, D. Kenya, P. Kungu, A. and Mati, J. G. Brinton, L. A. Freedman, M. Hoover, R. and Schairer, C. Ziegler, R. Banks, E. Spirtas, R. Lee, H. P. Rookus, M. A. van Leeuwen, F. E. Schoenberg, J. A. and Graff-Iversen, S. Selmer, R. Jones, L. McPherson, K. and Neil, A. Vessey, M. Yeates, D. Mabuchi, K. Preston, D. and Hannaford, P. Kay, C. McCann, S. E. Rosero-Bixby, L. and Gao, Y. T. Jin, F. Yuan, J-M Wei, H. Y. Yun, T. and Zhiheng, C. Berry, G. Booth, J. Cooper Jelihovsky, T. and MacLennan, R. Shearman, R. Hadjisavvas, A. Kyriacou, K. and Loisidou, M. Zhou, X. Wang, Q-S Kawai, M. Minami, Y. and Tsuji, I. Lund, E. Kumle, M. Stalsberg, H. Shu, X. O. and Zheng, W. Monninkhof, E. M. Onland-Moret, N. C. Peeters, P. H. M. Katsouyanni, K. Trichopoulou, A. Trichopoulos, D. and Tzonou, A. Baltzell, K. A. Dabancens, A. Martinez, L. and Molina, R. Salas, O. Alexander, F. E. Anderson, K. and Folsom, A. R. Gammon, M. D. Hulka, B. S. Millikan, R. and Chilvers, C. E. D. Lumachi, F. Bain, C. Schofield, F. and Siskind, V. Rebbeck, T. R. Bernstein, L. R. Enger, S. and Haile, R. W. Paganini-Hill, A. Ross, R. K. Ursin, G. Wu, A. H. Yu, M. C. Ewertz, Denmark M. Clarke, E. A. and Bergkvist, L. Gass, M. O'Sullivan, M. J. Kalache, A. and Farley, T. M. M. Holck, S. Meirik, O. Fukao, A. and Collaborative Grp Hormonal Factors Collaborative Grp Hormonal Factors S Hankinson Nurses Hlth Study I II
Subjects: skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract: Background Menarche and menopause mark the onset and cessation, respectively, of ovarian activity associated with reproduction, and affect breast cancer risk. Our aim was to assess the strengths of their effects and determine whether they depend on characteristics of the tumours or the affected women. Methods Individual data from 117 epidemiological studies, including 118 964 women with invasive breast cancer and 306 091 without the disease, none of whom had used menopausal hormone therapy, were included in the analyses. We calculated adjusted relative risks (RRs) associated with menarche and menopause for breast cancer overall, and by tumour histology and by oestrogen receptor expression. Findings Breast cancer risk increased by a factor of 1.050 (95% CI 1.044-1.057; p < 0.0001) for every year younger at menarche, and independently by a smaller amount (1.029, 1.025-1.032; p < 0.0001), for every year older at menopause. Premenopausal women had a greater risk of breast cancer than postmenopausal women of an identical age (RR at age 45-54 years 1.43, 1.33-1.52, p < 0.001). All three of these associations were attenuated by increasing adiposity among postmenopausal women, but did not vary materially by women’s year of birth, ethnic origin, childbearing history, smoking, alcohol consumption, or hormonal contraceptive use. All three associations were stronger for lobular than for ductal tumours (p < 0.006 for each comparison). The effect of menopause in women of an identical age and trends by age at menopause were stronger for oestrogen receptor-positive disease than for oestrogen receptor-negative disease (p < 0.01 for both comparisons). Interpretation The effects of menarche and menopause on breast cancer risk might not be acting merely by lengthening women’s total number of reproductive years. Endogenous ovarian hormones are more relevant for oestrogen receptor-positive disease than for oestrogen receptor-negative disease and for lobular than for ductal tumours. Funding Cancer Research UK.
Published: 2012

7. Ovarian cancer and smoking: individual participant meta-analysis including 28 114 women with ovarian cancer from 51 epidemiological studies

Author: Beral, V. Gaitskell, K. Hermon, C. Moser, K. Reeves, G. and Peto, R. Brinton, L. Marchbanks, P. Negri, E. Ness, R. Peeters, P. H. M. Vessey, M. Calle, E. E. Gapstur, S. M. Patel, A. V. Dal Maso, L. Talamini, R. Chetrit, A. and Hirsh-Yechezkel, G. Lubin, F. Sadetzki, S. Banks, E. and Bull, D. Callaghan, K. Crossley, B. Goodill, A. Green, J. Key, T. Sitas, F. Collins, R. Doll, R. Gonzalez, A. Lee, N. Ory, H. W. Peterson, H. B. Wingo, P. A. and Martin, N. Pardthaisong, T. Silpisornkosol, S. Theetranont, C. Boosiri, B. Chutivongse, S. Jimakorn, P. Virutamasen, P. Wongsrichanalai, C. Tjonneland, A. Titus-Ernstoff, L. and Byers, T. Rohan, T. Mosgaard, B. J. Yeates, D. and Freudenheim, J. L. Chang-Claude, J. Kaaks, R. Anderson, K. E. Folsom, A. Robien, K. Hampton, J. Newcomb, P. A. and Rossing, M. A. Thomas, D. B. Weiss, N. S. Riboli, E. and Clavel-Chapelon, F. Cramer, D. Hankinson, S. E. Tworoger, S. S. Franceschi, S. La Vecchia, C. Adami, H. O. Magnusson, C. Riman, T. Weiderpass, E. Wolk, A. Schouten, L. J. and van den Brandt, P. A. Chantarakul, N. Koetsawang, S. and Rachawat, D. Palli, D. Black, A. Freedman, D. M. Hartge, P. Hsing, A. W. Lacey, Jr., J. V. Hoover, R. N. and Schairer, C. Urban, M. Graff-Iversen, S. Selmer, R. and Bain, C. J. Green, A. C. Purdie, D. M. Siskind, V. Webb, P. M. Moysich, K. McCann, S. E. Hannaford, P. Kay, C. and Binns, C. W. Lee, A. H. Zhang, M. Nasca, P. Coogan, P. F. Palmer, J. R. Rosenberg, L. Kelsey, J. and Paffenbarger, R. Whittemore, A. Katsouyanni, K. and Trichopoulou, A. Trichopoulos, D. Tzonou, A. Dabancens, A. and Martinez, L. Molina, R. Salas, O. Goodman, M. T. and Lurie, G. Carney, M. E. Wilkens, L. R. Hartman, L. and Manjer, J. Olsson, H. Grisso, J. A. Morgan, M. Wheeler, J. E. Bunker, C. H. Edwards, R. P. Modugno, F. and Casagrande, J. Pike, M. C. Ross, R. K. Wu, A. H. Miller, A. B. Kumle, M. Gram, I. T. Lund, E. McGowan, L. and Shu, X. O. Zheng, W. Farley, T. M. M. Holck, S. Meirik, O. Risch, H. A. Collaborative Grp Epidemiological Natl Israeli Study Ovarian Canc Nurses Hlth Study
Abstract: Background Smoking has been linked to mucinous ovarian cancer, but its effects on other ovarian cancer subtypes and on overall ovarian cancer risk are unclear, and the findings from most studies with relevant data are unpublished. To assess these associations, we review the published and unpublished evidence. Methods Eligible epidemiological studies were identified by electronic searches, review articles, and discussions with colleagues. Individual participant data for 28 114 women with and 94 942 without ovarian cancer from 51 epidemiological studies were analysed centrally, yielding adjusted relative risks (RRs) of ovarian cancer in smokers compared with never smokers. Findings After exclusion of studies with hospital controls, in which smoking could have affected recruitment, overall ovarian cancer incidence was only slightly increased in current smokers compared with women who had never smoked (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.11, p=0.01). Of 17 641 epithelial cancers with specified histology, 2314 (13%) were mucinous, 2360 (13%) endometrioid, 969 (5%) clear-cell, and 9086 (52%) serous. Smoking-related risks varied substantially across these subtypes (p(heterogeneity)
Published: 2012

8. Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: Individual participant meta-analysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies

Author: Hamajima, N, Hirose, K, Tajima, K, Rohan, T, Friedenreich, CM, Calle, EE, Gapstur, SM, Patel, AV, Coates, RJ, Liff, JM, Talamini, R, Chantarakul, N, Koetsawang, S, Rachawat, D, Marcou, Y, Kakouri, E, Duffy, SW, Morabia, A, Schuman, L, Stewart, W, Szklo, M, Coogan, PF, Palmer, JR, Rosenberg, L, Band, P, Coldman, AJ, Gallagher, RP, Hislop, TG, Yang, P, Cummings, SR, Canfell, K, Sitas, F, Chao, P, Lissowska, J, Horn-Ross, PL, John, EM, Kolonel, LM, Nomura, AMY, Ghiasvand, R, Hu, J, Johnson, KC, Mao, Y, Beral, V, Bull, D, Callaghan, K, Crossley, B, Goodill, A, Green, J, Hermon, C, Key, T, Lindgard, I, Liu, B, Pirie, K, Reeves, G, Collins, R, Doll, R, Peto, R, Bishop, T, Fentiman, IS, De Sanjosé, S, Gonzalez, CA, Lee, N, Marchbanks, P, Ory, HW, Peterson, HB, Wingo, P, Ebeling, K, Kunde, D, Nishan, P, Hopper, JL, Eliassen, H, Hankinson, S, Gajalakshmi, V, Martin, N, Pardthaisong, T, Silpisornkosol, S, Theetranont, C, Boosiri, B, Chutivongse, S, Jimakorn, P, Virutamasen, P, Wongsrichanalai, C, Neugut, A, Santella, R, Baines, CJ, Kreiger, N, Miller, AB, Wall, C, Tjonneland, A, Jorgensen, T, Stahlberg, C, Pedersen, AT, Flesch-Janys, D, Hakansson, N, Cauley, J, Heuch, I, Adami, HO, Persson, I, Weiderpass, E, and Magnusson, C
Subjects: skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract: Background Menarche and menopause mark the onset and cessation, respectively, of ovarian activity associated with reproduction, and affect breast cancer risk. Our aim was to assess the strengths of their effects and determine whether they depend on characteristics of the tumours or the affected women. Methods Individual data from 117 epidemiological studies, including 118 964 women with invasive breast cancer and 306 091 without the disease, none of whom had used menopausal hormone therapy, were included in the analyses. We calculated adjusted relative risks (RRs) associated with menarche and menopause for breast cancer overall, and by tumour histology and by oestrogen receptor expression. Findings Breast cancer risk increased by a factor of 1.050 (95% CI 1.044-1.057; p
Published: 2012
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9. Ovarian Cancer and Body Size: Individual Participant Meta-Analysis Including 25,157 Women with Ovarian Cancer from 47 Epidemiological Studies

Author: Beral, V. Hermon, C. Peto, R. Reeves, G. Brinton, L. and Marchbanks, P. Negri, E. Ness, R. Peeters, P. H. M. and Vessey, M. Calle, E. E. Gapstur, S. M. Patel, A. V. Dal Maso, L. Talamini, R. Chetrit, A. Hirsh-Yechezkel, G. and Lubin, F. Sadetzki, S. Allen, N. Bull, D. Callaghan, K. and Crossley, B. Gaitskell, K. Goodill, A. Green, J. and Key, T. Moser, K. Collins, R. Doll, R. Gonzalez, C. A. and Lee, N. Ory, H. W. Peterson, H. B. Wingo, P. A. and Martin, N. Pardthaisong, T. Silpisornkosol, S. Theetranont, C. Boosiri, B. Chutivongse, S. Jimakorn, P. Virutamasen, P. Wongsrichanalai, C. Tjonneland, A. Titus-Ernstoff, L. and Byers, T. Rohan, T. Mosgaard, B. J. Yeates, D. and Freudenheim, J. L. Chang-Claude, J. Kaaks, R. Anderson, K. E. Folsom, A. Robien, K. Rossing, M. A. Thomas, D. B. and Weiss, N. S. Riboli, E. Clavel-Chapelon, F. Cramer, D. and Hankinson, S. E. Tworoger, S. S. Franceschi, S. La Vecchia, C. Magnusson, C. Riman, T. Weiderpass, E. Wolk, A. Schouten, L. J. van den Brandt, P. A. Chantarakul, N. and Koetsawang, S. Rachawat, D. Palli, D. Black, A. de Gonzalez, A. Berrington Freedman, D. M. Hartge, P. Hsing, A. W. Lacey, Jr., J. V. Hoover, R. N. Schairer, C. and Graff-Iversen, S. Selmer, R. Bain, C. J. Green, A. C. and Purdie, D. M. Siskind, V. Webb, P. M. McCann, S. E. and Hannaford, P. Kay, C. Binns, C. W. Lee, A. H. Zhang, M. and Ness, R. B. Nasca, P. Coogan, P. F. Palmer, J. R. and Rosenberg, L. Kelsey, J. Paffenbarger, R. Whittemore, A. and Katsouyanni, K. Trichopoulou, A. Trichopoulos, D. Tzonou, A. and Dabancens, A. Martinez, L. Molina, R. Salas, O. and Goodman, M. T. Lurie, G. Carney, M. E. Wilkens, L. R. and Hartman, L. Manjer, J. Olsson, H. Grisso, J. A. Morgan, M. Wheeler, J. E. Casagrande, J. Pike, M. C. Ross, R. K. and Wu, A. H. Miller, A. B. Kumle, M. Lund, E. McGowan, L. Shu, X. O. Zheng, W. Farley, T. M. M. Holck, S. and Meirik, O. Risch, H. A. Collaborative Grp Epidemiol Studie
Abstract: Background: Only about half the studies that have collected information on the relevance of women’s height and body mass index to their risk of developing ovarian cancer have published their results, and findings are inconsistent. Here, we bring together the worldwide evidence, published and unpublished, and describe these relationships. Methods and Findings: Individual data on 25,157 women with ovarian cancer and 81,311 women without ovarian cancer from 47 epidemiological studies were collected, checked, and analysed centrally. Adjusted relative risks of ovarian cancer were calculated, by height and by body mass index. Ovarian cancer risk increased significantly with height and with body mass index, except in studies using hospital controls. For other study designs, the relative risk of ovarian cancer per 5 cm increase in height was 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.09; p
Published: 2012

10. Menopausal hormone use and ovarian cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of 52 epidemiological studies

Author: Epi Kanker Team 1, JC onderzoeksprogramma Kanker, Cancer, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 3, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Gapstur, S. M., Patel, A. V., Banks, E., Dal Maso, L., Talamini, R., Chetrit, A., Hirsh-Yechezkel, G., Lubin, F., Sadetzki, S., Beral, V., Bull, D., Cairns, B., Crossley, B., Gaitskell, K., Goodill, A., Green, J., Hermon, C., Key, T., Moser, K., Reeves, G., Sitas, F., Collins, R., Peto, R., Gonzalez, C. A., Lee, N., Marchbanks, P., Ory, H. W., Peterson, H. B., Wingo, P. A., Martin, N., Silpisornkosol, S., Theetranont, C., Boosiri, B., Chutivongse, S., Jimakorn, P., Virutamasen, P., Wongsrichanalai, C., Goodman, M. T., Lidegaard, O., Kjaer, S. K., Morch, L. S., Tjonneland, A., Byers, T., Rohan, T., Mosgaard, B., Vessey, M., Yeates, D., Onland-Moret, N. C., Peeters, P. H. M., Collaborative Grp Epidemiological, Epi Kanker Team 1, JC onderzoeksprogramma Kanker, Cancer, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 3, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Gapstur, S. M., Patel, A. V., Banks, E., Dal Maso, L., Talamini, R., Chetrit, A., Hirsh-Yechezkel, G., Lubin, F., Sadetzki, S., Beral, V., Bull, D., Cairns, B., Crossley, B., Gaitskell, K., Goodill, A., Green, J., Hermon, C., Key, T., Moser, K., Reeves, G., Sitas, F., Collins, R., Peto, R., Gonzalez, C. A., Lee, N., Marchbanks, P., Ory, H. W., Peterson, H. B., Wingo, P. A., Martin, N., Silpisornkosol, S., Theetranont, C., Boosiri, B., Chutivongse, S., Jimakorn, P., Virutamasen, P., Wongsrichanalai, C., Goodman, M. T., Lidegaard, O., Kjaer, S. K., Morch, L. S., Tjonneland, A., Byers, T., Rohan, T., Mosgaard, B., Vessey, M., Yeates, D., Onland-Moret, N. C., Peeters, P. H. M., and Collaborative Grp Epidemiological
Published: 2015

11. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23 257 women with ovarian cancer and 87 303 controls

Author: Beral, V. Doll, R. Hermon, C. Peto, R. Reeves, G. and Brinton, L. Green, A. C. Marchbanks, P. Negri, E. Ness, R. Peeters, P. Vessey, M. Calle, E. E. Rodriguez, C. and Dal Maso, L. Talamini, R. Cramer, D. Hankinson, S. E. and Tworoger, S. S. Chetrit, A. Hirsh-Yechezkel, G. Lubin, F. and Sadetzki, S. Appleby, P. Banks, E. de Gonzalez, A. Berrington Bull, D. Crossley, B. Goodil, A. Green, I. and Green, J. Key, T. Collins, R. Gonzalez, C. A. Lee, N. Ory, H. W. Peterson, H. B. Wingo, P. A. Martin, N. and Pardthaisong, T. Silpisornkosol, S. Theetranont, C. and Boosiri, B. Chutivongse, S. Jimakorn, P. Virutamasen, P. and Wongsrichanalai, C. Titus-Ernstoff, L. Mosgaard, M. J. and Yeates, D. Chang-Claude, J. Rossing, M. A. Thomas, D. and Weiss, N. Franceschi, S. La Vecchia, C. Adami, H. O. and Magnusson, C. Riman, T. Weiderpass, E. Wolk, A. Brinton, L. A. Freedman, D. M. Hartge, P. Lacey, J. M. Hoover, R. and Schouten, L. J. van den Brandt, P. A. Chantarakul, N. and Koetsawang, S. Rachawat, D. Graff-Iversen, S. Selmer, R. and Bain, C. J. Green, A. C. Purdie, D. M. Siskind, V. Webb, P. M. McCann, S. E. Hannaford, P. Kay, C. Binns, C. W. and Lee, A. H. Zhang, M. Nasca, P. Coogan, P. F. Kelsey, J. Paffenbarger, R. Whittemore, A. Katsouyanni, K. and Trichopoulou, A. Trichopoulos, D. Tzonou, A. Dabancens, A. and Martinez, L. Molina, R. Salas, O. Goodman, M. T. and Laurie, G. Carney, M. E. Wilkens, L. R. Bladstrom, A. and Olsson, H. Ness, R. B. Grisso, J. A. Morgan, M. Wheeler, J. E. Peeters, P. Casagrande, J. Pike, M. C. Ross, R. K. and Wu, A. H. Kumle, M. Lund, E. McGowan, L. Shu, X. O. and Zheng, W. Farley, T. M. M. Holck, S. Meirik, O. and Risch, H. A. Collaborative Grp Epidemiological
Abstract: Background Oral contraceptives were introduced almost 50 years ago, and over 100 million women currently use them. Oral contraceptives can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, but the eventual public-health effects of this reduction will depend on how long the protection lasts after use ceases. We aimed to assess these effects. Methods Individual data for 23 257 women with ovarian cancer (cases) and 87 303 without ovarian cancer (controls) from 45 epidemiological studies in 21 countries were checked and analysed centrally. The relative risk of ovarian cancer in relation to oral contraceptive use was estimated, stratifying by study, age, parity, and hysterectomy. Findings Overall 7308 (31%) cases and 32 717 (37%) controls had ever used oral contraceptives, for average durations among users of 4 . 4 and 5 . 0 years, respectively. The median year of cancer diagnosis was 1993, when cases were aged an average of 56 years. The longer that women had used oral contraceptives, the greater the reduction in ovarian cancer risk (p
Published: 2008

12. Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53297 women with breast cancer and 100239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies

Author: Calle, Ee, Heath, Cw, Miraclemcmahill, Hl, Coates, Rj, Liff, Jm, Franceschi, S., Talamini, R., Chantarakul, N., Koetsawang, S., Rachawat, D., Morabia, A., Schuman, L., Stewart, W., Szklo, M., Bain, C., Schofield, F., Siskind, V., Band, P., Coldman, Aj, Gallagher, Rp, Hislop, Tg, Yang, P., Duffy, Sw, Kolonel, Lm, Nomura, Amy, Oberle, Mw, Ory, Hw, Peterson, Hb, Wilson, Hg, Wingo, Pa, Ebeling, K., Kunde, D., Nishan, P., Graham Colditz, Martin, N., Pardthaisong, T., Silpisornkosol, S., Theetranont, C., Boosiri, B., Chutivongse, S., Jimakorn, P., Virutamasen, P., Wongsrichanalai, C., Mcmichael, Aj, Rohan, T., Ewertz, M., Paul, C., Skegg, Dcg, Boyle, P., Evstifeeva, M., Daling, Jr, Malone, K., Noonan, Ea, Stanford, Jl, Thomas, Db, Weiss, Ns, White, E., Andrieu, N., Bremond, A., Clavel, F., Gairard, B., Lansac, J., Piana, L., Renaud, R., Cuevas, Hr, Ontiveros, P., Palet, A., Salazar, Sb, Aristizabel, N., Cuadros, A., Bachelot, A., Le, Mg, Deacon, J., Peto, J., Taylor, Cn, Alfandary, E., Modan, B., Ron, E., Friedman, Gd, Hiatt, Ra, Bishop, T., Kosmelj, J., Primiczakelj, M., Ravnihar, B., Stare, J., Beeson, Wl, Fraser, G., Allen, Ds, Bulbrook, Rd, Cuzick, J., Fentiman, Is, Hayward, Jl, Wang, Dy, Hanson, Rl, Leske, Mc, Mahoney, Mc, Nasca, Pc, Varma, Ao, Weinstein, Al, Moller, Tr, Olsson, H., Ranstam, J., Goldbohm, Ra, Vandenbrandt, Pa, Apelo, Ra, Baens, J., Delacruz, Jr, Javier, B., Lacaya, Lb, Ngelangel, Ca, Lavecchia, C., Negri, E., Marubini, E., Ferraroni, M., Gerber, M., Richardson, S., Segala, C., Gatei, D., Kenya, P., Kungu, A., Mati, Jg, Brinton, La, Hoover, R., Schairer, C., Spirtas, R., Lee, Hp, Rookus, Ma, Vanleeuwen, Fe, Schoenberg, Ja, Gammon, Md, Clarke, Ea, Jones, L., Mcpherson, K., Neil, A., Vessey, M., Yeates, D., Beral, V., Bull, D., Crossley, B., Hermon, C., Jones, S., Key, T., Lewis, C., Reeves, G., Smith, P., Collins, R., Doll, R., Peto, R., Hannaford, P., Kay, C., Roserobixby, L., Gao, Yt, Yuan, Jm, Wei, Hy, Yun, T., Zhiheng, C., Berry, G., Booth, Jc, Jelihovsky, T., Maclennan, R., Shearman, R., Wang, Qs, Baines, Cj, Miller, Ab, Wall, C., Lund, E., Stalsberg, H., Dabancens, A., Martinez, L., Molina, R., Salas, O., Alexander, Fe, Hulka, Bs, Bernstein, L., Haile, Rw, Paganinihill, A., Pike, Mc, Ross, Rk, Ursin, G., Yu, Mc, Adami, Ho, Bergstrom, R., Longnecker, Mp, Newcomb, P., Farley, Tmn, Holck, S., Meirik, O., Calle EE, Heath CW, MiracleMcMahill HL, Coates RJ, Liff JM, Franceschi S, Talamini R, Chantarakul N, Koetsawang S, Rachawat D, Morabia A, Schuman L, Stewart W, Szklo M, Bain C, Schofield F, Siskind V, Band P, Coldman AJ, Gallagher RP, Hislop TG, Yang P, Duffy SW, Kolonel LM, Nomura AMY, Oberle MW, Ory HW, Peterson HB, Wilson HG, Wingo PA, Ebeling K, Kunde D, Nishan P, Colditz G, Martin N, Pardthaisong T, Silpisornkosol S, Theetranont C, Boosiri B, Chutivongse S, Jimakorn P, Virutamasen P, Wongsrichanalai C, McMichael AJ, Rohan T, Ewertz M, Paul C, Skegg DCG, Boyle P, Evstifeeva M, Daling JR, Malone K, Noonan EA, Stanford JL, Thomas DB, Weiss NS, White E, Andrieu N, Bremond A, Clavel F, Gairard B, Lansac J, Piana L, Renaud R, Cuevas HR, Ontiveros P, Palet A, Salazar SB, Aristizabel N, Cuadros A, Bachelot A, Le MG, Deacon J, Peto J, Taylor CN, Alfandary E, Modan B, Ron E, Friedman GD, Hiatt RA, Bishop T, Kosmelj J, PrimicZakelj M, Ravnihar B, Stare J, Beeson WL, Fraser G, Allen DS, Bulbrook RD, Cuzick J, Fentiman IS, Hayward JL, Wang DY, Hanson RL, Leske MC, Mahoney MC, Nasca PC, Varma AO, Weinstein AL, Moller TR, Olsson H, Ranstam J, Goldbohm RA, vandenBrandt PA, Apelo RA, Baens J, delaCruz JR, Javier B, Lacaya LB, Ngelangel CA, LaVecchia C, Negri E, Marubini E, Ferraroni M, Gerber M, Richardson S, Segala C, Gatei D, Kenya P, Kungu A, Mati JG, Brinton LA, Hoover R, Schairer C, Spirtas R, Lee HP, Rookus MA, vanLeeuwen FE, Schoenberg JA, Gammon MD, Clarke EA, Jones L, McPherson K, Neil A, Vessey M, Yeates D, Beral V, Bull D, Crossley B, Hermon C, Jones S, Key T, Lewis C, Reeves G, Smith P, Collins R, Doll R, Peto R, Hannaford P, Kay C, RoseroBixby L, Gao YT, Yuan JM, Wei HY, Yun T, Zhiheng C, Berry G, Booth JC, Jelihovsky T, MacLennan R, Shearman R, Wang QS, Baines CJ, Miller AB, Wall C, Lund E, Stalsberg H, Dabancens A, Martinez L, Molina R, Salas O, Alexander FE, Hulka BS, Bernstein L, Haile RW, PaganiniHill A, Pike MC, Ross RK, Ursin G, Yu MC, Adami HO, Bergstrom R, Longnecker MP, Newcomb P, Farley TMN, Holck S, and Meirik O
Abstract: Background The Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer has brought together and reanalysed the worldwide epidemiological evidence on the relation between breast cancer risk and use of hormonal contraceptives. Methods Individual data on 53297 women with breast cancer and 100 239 women without breast cancer from 54 studies conducted in 25 countries were collected, checked, and analysed centrally. Estimates of the relative risk for breast cancer were obtained by a modification of the Mantel-Haenszel method. All analyses were stratified by study, age at diagnosis, parity, and, where appropriate, the age a woman was when her first child was born, and the age she was when her risk of conception ceased. Findings The results provide strong evidence for two main conclusions. First, while women are taking combined oral contraceptives and in the 10 years after stopping there is a small increase in the relative risk of having breast cancer diagnosed (relative risk [95% CI] in current users 1.24 [1.15-1.33], 2p
Published: 1996

13. Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: Further results

Author: Calle, Ee, Heath, Cw, Miraclemcmahill, Hl, Coates, Rj, Liff, Jm, Franceschi, S., Talamini, R., Chantarakul, N., Koetsawang, S., Rachawat, D., Morabia, A., Schuman, I., Stewart, W., Szklo, M., Bain, C., Schofield, F., Siskind, V., Band, P., Coldman, Aj, Gallagher, Rp, Hislop, Tg, Yang, P., Duffy, Sw, Kolonel, Lm, Nomura, Amy, Oberle, Mw, Ory, Hw, Peterson, Hb, Wilson, Hg, Wingo, Pa, Ebeling, K., Kunde, D., Nishan, P., Colditz, G., Martin, N., Pardthaisong, T., Silpisornkosol, S., Theetranont, C., Boosiri, B., Chutivongse, S., Jimakorn, P., Virutamasen, P., Wongsrichanalai, C., Mcmichael, Aj, Rohan, T., Ewertz, M., Paul, C., Skegg, Dcg, Spears, Gfs, Boyle, P., Evstifeeva, T., Daling, Jr, Malone, K., Noonan, Ea, Stanford, Jl, Thomas, Db, Weiss, Ns, White, E., Andrieu, N., Bremond, A., Clavel, F., Gairard, B., Lansac, J., Piana, L., Renaud, R., Fine, Srp, Cuevas, Hr, Ontiveros, P., Palet, A., Salazar, Sb, Aristizabel, N., Cuadros, A., Bachelot, A., Le, Mg, Deacon, J., Peto, J., Taylor, Cn, Alfandary, E., Modan, B., Ron, E., Friedman, Gd, Hiatt, Ra, Bishop, T., Kosmelj, K., Primiczakelj, M., Ravnihar, B., Stare, J., Beeson, Wl, Fraser, G., Allen, Ds, Bulbrook, Rd, Cuzick, J., Fentiman, Is, Hayward, Jl, Wang, Dy, Hanson, Rl, Leske, Mc, Mahoney, Mc, Nasca, Pc, Varma, Ap, Weinstein, Al, Moller, Tr, Olsson, H., Ranstam, J., Goldbohm, Ra, Vandenbrandt, Pa, Apelo, Ra, Baens, J., Delacruz, Jr, Javier, B., Lacaya, Lb, Ngelangel, Ca, Lavecchia, C., Eva Negri, Marbuni, E., Ferraroni, M., Gerber, M., Richardson, S., Segala, C., Gatei, D., Kenya, P., Kungu, A., Mati, Jg, Brinton, La, Hoover, R., Schairer, C., Spirtas, R., Lee, Hp, Rookus, Ma, Vanleeuwen, Fe, Schoenberg, Ja, Gammon, Md, Clarke, Ea, Jones, L., Mcpherson, K., Neil, A., Vessey, M., Yeates, D., Beral, V., Bull, D., Crossley, B., Hermon, C., Jones, S., Key, T., Lewis, C., Reeves, G., Smith, P., Collins, R., Doll, R., Peto, R., Hannaford, P., Kay, C., Roserobixby, L., Yuan, Jm, Wei, Hy, Yun, T., Zhiheng, C., Berry, G., Booth, Jc, Jelihovsky, T., Maclennan, R., Shearman, R., Wang, Qs, Baines, Cj, Miller, Ab, Wall, C., Lund, E., Stalsberg, H., Dabancens, A., Martinez, L., Molina, R., Salas, O., Alexander, Fe, Hulka, Bs, Chilvers, Ced, Bernstein, L., Haile, Rw, Paganinihill, A., Pike, Mc, Ross, Rk, Ursin, G., Yu, Mc, Adami, Ho, Bergstrom, R., Longnecker, Mp, Newcomb, P., Farley, Tmn, Holck, S., Meirik, O., Calle EE, Heath CW, MiracleMcMahill HL, Coates RJ, Liff JM, Franceschi S, Talamini R, Chantarakul N, Koetsawang S, Rachawat D, Morabia A, Schuman I, Stewart W, Szklo M, Bain C, Schofield F, Siskind V, Band P, Coldman AJ, Gallagher RP, Hislop TG, Yang P, Duffy SW, Kolonel LM, Nomura AMY, Oberle MW, Ory HW, Peterson HB, Wilson HG, Wingo PA, Ebeling K, Kunde D, Nishan P, Colditz G, Martin N, Pardthaisong T, Silpisornkosol S, Theetranont C, Boosiri B, Chutivongse S, Jimakorn P, Virutamasen P, Wongsrichanalai C, McMichael AJ, Rohan T, Ewertz M, Paul C, Skegg DCG, Spears GFS, Boyle P, Evstifeeva T, Daling JR, Malone K, Noonan EA, Stanford JL, Thomas DB, Weiss NS, White E, Andrieu N, Bremond A, Clavel F, Gairard B, Lansac J, Piana L, Renaud R, Fine SRP, Cuevas HR, Ontiveros P, Palet A, Salazar SB, Aristizabel N, Cuadros A, Bachelot A, Le MG, Deacon J, Peto J, Taylor CN, Alfandary E, Modan B, Ron E, Friedman GD, Hiatt RA, Bishop T, Kosmelj K, PrimicZakelj M, Ravnihar B, Stare J, Beeson WL, Fraser G, Allen DS, Bulbrook RD, Cuzick J, Fentiman IS, Hayward JL, Wang DY, Hanson RL, Leske MC, Mahoney MC, Nasca PC, Varma AP, Weinstein AL, Moller TR, Olsson H, Ranstam J, Goldbohm RA, vandenBrandt PA, Apelo RA, Baens J, delaCruz JR, Javier B, Lacaya LB, Ngelangel CA, LaVecchia C, Negri E, Marbuni E, Ferraroni M, Gerber M, Richardson S, Segala C, Gatei D, Kenya P, Kungu A, Mati JG, Brinton LA, Hoover R, Schairer C, Spirtas R, Lee HP, Rookus MA, vanLeeuwen FE, Schoenberg JA, Gammon MD, Clarke EA, Jones L, McPherson K, Neil A, Vessey M, Yeates D, Beral V, Bull D, Crossley B, Hermon C, Jones S, Key T, Lewis C, Reeves G, Smith P, Collins R, Doll R, Peto R, Hannaford P, Kay C, RoseroBixby L, Yuan JM, Wei HY, Yun T, Zhiheng C, Berry G, Booth JC, Jelihovsky T, MacLennan R, Shearman R, Wang QS, Baines CJ, Miller AB, Wall C, Lund E, Stalsberg H, Dabancens A, Martinez L, Molina R, Salas O, Alexander FE, Hulka BS, Chilvers CED, Bernstein L, Haile RW, PaganiniHill A, Pike MC, Ross RK, Ursin G, Yu MC, Adami HO, Bergstrom R, Longnecker MP, Newcomb P, Farley TMN, Holck S, and Meirik O
Abstract: The Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer has brought together and reanalysed the worldwide epidemiological evidence on breast cancer risk and use oi hormonal contraceptives. Original data from 54 studies, representing about 90% of the information available on the topic, were collected, checked and analysed centrally. The 54 studies were performed in 26 countries and include a total of 53,297 women with breast cancer and 100,239 women without breast cancer. The studies were varied in their design, setting and timing. Most information came from case-control studies with controls chosen from the general population; most women resided in Europe or North America and most cancers were diagnosed during the 1980s. Overall 41% of the women with breast cancer and 40% of the women without breast cancer had used oral contraceptives at some time: the median age at first use was 26 years, the median duration of use was 3 years, the median year of first use was 1968, the median time since first use was 16 years, and the median time since last use was 9 years. The main findings, summarised elsewhere,I are that there is a small increase in the risk of having breast cancer diagnosed in current users of combined oral contraceptives and in women who had stopped use in the past 10 years but that there is no evidence of an increase in the risk more than 10 years after stopping use. In addition, the cancers diagnosed in women who had used oral contraceptives tended to be less advanced clinically than the cancers diagnosed in women who had not used them. Despite the large number of possibilities investigated, few factors appeared to modify the main findings either in recent or in past users. For recent users who began use before age 20 the relative risks are higher than for recent users who began at older ages. For women whose use of oral contraceptives ceased more than 10 years before there was some suggestion of a reduction in breast cancer risk in certain subgroups, with a deficit of tumors that had spread beyond the breast, especially among women who had used preparations containing the highest doses of oestrogen and progestogen. These findings are unexpected and need to be confirmed. Although these data represent most of the epidemiologi cal evidence on the topic to date, there is still insufficient information to comment reliably about the effects of specific types of oestrogen or of progestogen. What evidence there is suggests, however, no major differences in the effects for specific types of oestrogen or of progestogen and that the pattern of risk associated with use of hormonal contraceptives containing progestogens alone may be similar to that observed for preparations containing both oestrogens and progestogens. On the basis of these results, there is little difference between women who have and have not used combined oral contraceptives in terms of the estimated cumulative number of breast cancers diagnosed during the period from starting use up to 20 rears after stopping. The cancers diagnosed in women who have used oral contraceptives are, however, less advanced clinically than the cancers diag nosed in never users. Further research is needed to establish whether the associations described here are due to earlier diagnosis of breast cancer in women who have used oral contraceptives, to the biological effects of the hormonal contraceptives or to a combination of both. Little information is as yet available about the effects on breast cancer risk of oral contraceptive use that ceased more than 20 years before and as such data accumulate it will be necessary to reexamine the worldwide evidence. RI Ranstam, Jonas/A-4386-2009; Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009
Published: 1996

14. Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer - collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58515 women with breast cancer and 95067 women without the disease

Author: Beral, V Hamajima, N Hirose, K Rohan, T Calle, EE and Heath, CW Coates, RJ Liff, JM Talamini, R Chantarakul, N and Koetsawang, S Rachawat, D Morabia, A Schuman, L and Stewart, W Szklo, M Bain, C Schofield, F Siskind, V and Band, P Coldman, AJ Gallagher, RP Hislop, TG Yang, P and Kolonel, LM Nomura, AMY Hu, J Johnson, KC Mao, Y De Sanjose, S Lee, N Marchbanks, P Ory, HW Peterson, HB and Wilson, HG Wingo, PA Ebeling, K Kunde, D Nishan, P and Hopper, JL Colditz, G Gajalakshmi, V Martin, N and Pardthaisong, T Solpisornkosol, S Theetranont, C Boosiri, B and Chutivongse, S Jimakorn, P Virutamasen, P and Wongsrichanalai, C Ewertz, M Adami, HO Bergkvist, L and Magnusson, C Persson, I Chang-Claude, J Paul, C Skegg, DCG Spears, GFS Boyle, P Evstifeeva, T Daling, JR and Hutchinson, WB Malone, K Noonan, EA Stanford, JL Thomas, DB Weiss, NS White, E Andrieu, N Bremond, A Clavel, F Gairard, B Lansac, J Piana, L Renaud, R Izquierdo, A Viladiu, P Cuevas, HR Ontiveros, P Palet, A and Salazar, SB Arsitizabal, N Cuadros, A Tryggvadottir, L and Tulinius, H Bachelot, A Le, MG Peto, J Franceschi, S and Lubin, F Modan, B Ron, E Wax, Y Friedman, GD Hiatt, RA Levi, F Bishop, T Kosmelj, K Primic-Zakelj, M and Ravnihar, B Stare, J Beeson, WL Fraser, G Bulbrook, RD and Cuzick, J Duffy, SW Fentiman, IS Hayward, JL Wang, DY McMichael, AJ McPherson, K Hanson, RL Leske, MC and Mahoney, MC Nasca, PC Varma, AO Weinstein, AL Moller, TR and Olsson, H Ranstam, J Goldbohm, RA van den Brandt, PA and Apelo, RA Baens, J de la Cruz, JR Javier, B Lacaya, LB and Ngelangel, CA La Vecchia, C Negri, E Marubini, E and Ferraroni, M Gerber, M Richardson, S Segala, C Gatei, D and Kenya, P Kungu, A Mati, JG Brinton, LA Hoover, R and Schairer, C Spirtas, R Lee, HP Rookus, MA van Leeuwen, FE Schoenberg, JA McCredie, M Gammon, MD Clarke, EA and Jones, L Neil, A Vessey, M Yeates, D Appleby, P and Banks, E Bull, D Crossley, B Goodill, A Green, J and Hermon, C Key, T Langston, N Lewis, C Reeves, G and Collins, R Doll, R Peto, R Mabuchi, K Preston, D and Hannaford, P Kay, C Rosero-Bixby, L Gao, YT Jin, F and Yuan, JM Wei, HY Yun, T Zhiheng, C Berry, G Cooper Booth, J Jelihovsky, T MacLennan, R Shearman, R Wang, QS and Baines, CJ Miller, AB Wall, C Lund, E Stalsberg, H and Shu, XO Zheng, W Katsouyanni, K Trichopoulou, A and Trichopoulos, D Dabancens, A Martinez, L Molina, R and Salas, O Alexander, XE Anderson, K Folsom, AR Hulka, BS and Bernstein, L Enger, S Haile, RW Paganini-Hill, A and Pike, MC Ross, RK Ursin, G Yu, MC Longnecker, MP and Newcomb, P Bergkvist, L Kalache, A Farley, TMM Holck, S and Meirik, O Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer
Abstract: Alcohol and tobacco consumption are closely correlated and published results on their association with breast cancer have not always allowed adequately for confounding between these exposures. Over 80% of the relevant information worldwide on alcohol and tobacco consumption and breast cancer were collated, checked and analysed centrally. Analyses included 58515 women with invasive breast cancer and 95067 controls from 53 studies. Relative risks of breast cancer were estimated, after stratifying by study, age, parity and, where appropriate, women’s age when their first child was born and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The average consumption of alcohol reported by controls from developed countries was 6.0 g per day, i.e. about half a unit/drink of alcohol per day, and was greater in ever-smokers than never-smokers, (8.4 g per day and 5.0 g per day, respectively). Compared with women who reported drinking no alcohol, the relative risk of breast cancer was 1.32 (1.19 - 1.45, P < 0.00001) for an intake of 35 - 44 g per day alcohol, and 1.46 (1.33 - 1.61, P < 0.00001) for greater than or equal to 45 g per day alcohol. The relative risk of breast cancer increased by 7.1% (95% CI 5.5-8.7%; P
Published: 2002

15. Ovarian Cancer and Body Size : Individual Participant Meta-Analysis Including 25,157 Women with Ovarian Cancer from 47 Epidemiological Studies

Author: Beral, V., Hermon, C., Peto, R., Reeves, G., Brinton, L., Marchbanks, P., Negri, E., Ness, R., Peeters, P. H. M., Vessey, M., Calle, E. E., Gapstur, S. M., Patel, A. V., Dal Maso, L., Talamini, R., Chetrit, A., Hirsh-Yechezkel, G., Lubin, F., Sadetzki, S., Allen, N., Bull, D., Callaghan, K., Crossley, B., Gaitskell, K., Goodill, A., Green, J., Key, T., Moser, K., Collins, R., Doll, R., Gonzalez, C. A., Lee, N., Ory, H. W., Peterson, H. B., Wingo, P. A., Martin, N., Pardthaisong, T., Silpisornkosol, S., Theetranont, C., Boosiri, B., Chutivongse, S., Jimakorn, P., Virutamasen, P., Wongsrichanalai, C., Tjonneland, A., Titus-Ernstoff, L., Byers, T., Rohan, T., Mosgaard, B. J., Yeates, D., Freudenheim, J. L., Chang-Claude, J., Kaaks, R., Anderson, K. E., Folsom, A., Robien, K., Rossing, M. A., Thomas, D. B., Weiss, N. S., Riboli, E., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Cramer, D., Hankinson, S. E., Tworoger, S. S., Franceschi, S., La Vecchia, C., Magnusson, C., Riman, T., Weiderpass, E., Wolk, A., Schouten, L. J., van den Brandt, P. A., Chantarakul, N., Koetsawang, S., Rachawat, D., Palli, D., Black, A., de Gonzalez, A. Berrington, Freedman, D. M., Hartge, P., Hsing, A. W., Lacey, J. V., Jr., Hoover, R. N., Schairer, C., Graff-Iversen, S., Selmer, R., Bain, C. J., Green, A. C., Purdie, D. M., Siskind, V., Webb, P. M., McCann, S. E., Hannaford, P., Kay, C., Binns, C. W., Lee, A. H., Zhang, M., Ness, R. B., Nasca, P., Coogan, P. F., Palmer, J. R., Rosenberg, L., Kelsey, J., Paffenbarger, R., Whittemore, A., Katsouyanni, K., Trichopoulou, A., Trichopoulos, D., Tzonou, A., Dabancens, A., Martinez, L., Molina, R., Salas, O., Goodman, M. T., Lurie, G., Carney, M. E., Wilkens, L. R., Hartman, L., Manjer, J., Olsson, H., Grisso, J. A., Morgan, M., Wheeler, J. E., Casagrande, J., Pike, M. C., Ross, R. K., Wu, A. H., Miller, A. B., Kumle, M., Lund, E., McGowan, L., Shu, X. O., Zheng, W., Farley, T. M. M., Holck, S., Meirik, O., Risch, H. A., Beral, V., Hermon, C., Peto, R., Reeves, G., Brinton, L., Marchbanks, P., Negri, E., Ness, R., Peeters, P. H. M., Vessey, M., Calle, E. E., Gapstur, S. M., Patel, A. V., Dal Maso, L., Talamini, R., Chetrit, A., Hirsh-Yechezkel, G., Lubin, F., Sadetzki, S., Allen, N., Bull, D., Callaghan, K., Crossley, B., Gaitskell, K., Goodill, A., Green, J., Key, T., Moser, K., Collins, R., Doll, R., Gonzalez, C. A., Lee, N., Ory, H. W., Peterson, H. B., Wingo, P. A., Martin, N., Pardthaisong, T., Silpisornkosol, S., Theetranont, C., Boosiri, B., Chutivongse, S., Jimakorn, P., Virutamasen, P., Wongsrichanalai, C., Tjonneland, A., Titus-Ernstoff, L., Byers, T., Rohan, T., Mosgaard, B. J., Yeates, D., Freudenheim, J. L., Chang-Claude, J., Kaaks, R., Anderson, K. E., Folsom, A., Robien, K., Rossing, M. A., Thomas, D. B., Weiss, N. S., Riboli, E., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Cramer, D., Hankinson, S. E., Tworoger, S. S., Franceschi, S., La Vecchia, C., Magnusson, C., Riman, T., Weiderpass, E., Wolk, A., Schouten, L. J., van den Brandt, P. A., Chantarakul, N., Koetsawang, S., Rachawat, D., Palli, D., Black, A., de Gonzalez, A. Berrington, Freedman, D. M., Hartge, P., Hsing, A. W., Lacey, J. V., Jr., Hoover, R. N., Schairer, C., Graff-Iversen, S., Selmer, R., Bain, C. J., Green, A. C., Purdie, D. M., Siskind, V., Webb, P. M., McCann, S. E., Hannaford, P., Kay, C., Binns, C. W., Lee, A. H., Zhang, M., Ness, R. B., Nasca, P., Coogan, P. F., Palmer, J. R., Rosenberg, L., Kelsey, J., Paffenbarger, R., Whittemore, A., Katsouyanni, K., Trichopoulou, A., Trichopoulos, D., Tzonou, A., Dabancens, A., Martinez, L., Molina, R., Salas, O., Goodman, M. T., Lurie, G., Carney, M. E., Wilkens, L. R., Hartman, L., Manjer, J., Olsson, H., Grisso, J. A., Morgan, M., Wheeler, J. E., Casagrande, J., Pike, M. C., Ross, R. K., Wu, A. H., Miller, A. B., Kumle, M., Lund, E., McGowan, L., Shu, X. O., Zheng, W., Farley, T. M. M., Holck, S., Meirik, O., and Risch, H. A.
Abstract: Background: Only about half the studies that have collected information on the relevance of women's height and body mass index to their risk of developing ovarian cancer have published their results, and findings are inconsistent. Here, we bring together the worldwide evidence, published and unpublished, and describe these relationships. Methods and Findings: Individual data on 25,157 women with ovarian cancer and 81,311 women without ovarian cancer from 47 epidemiological studies were collected, checked, and analysed centrally. Adjusted relative risks of ovarian cancer were calculated, by height and by body mass index. Ovarian cancer risk increased significantly with height and with body mass index, except in studies using hospital controls. For other study designs, the relative risk of ovarian cancer per 5 cm increase in height was 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.09; p<0.001); this relationship did not vary significantly by women's age, year of birth, education, age at menarche, parity, menopausal status, smoking, alcohol consumption, having had a hysterectomy, having first degree relatives with ovarian or breast cancer, use of oral contraceptives, or use of menopausal hormone therapy. For body mass index, there was significant heterogeneity (p<0.001) in the findings between ever-users and never-users of menopausal hormone therapy, but not by the 11 other factors listed above. The relative risk for ovarian cancer per 5 kg/m(2) increase in body mass index was 1.10 (95% CI, 1.07-1.13; p<0.001) in never-users and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92-0.99; p = 0.02) in ever-users of hormone therapy. Conclusions: Ovarian cancer is associated with height and, among never-users of hormone therapy, with body mass index. In high-income countries, both height and body mass index have been increasing in birth cohorts now developing the disease. If all other relevant factors had remained constant, then these increases in height and weight would be associated with
Published: 2012
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16. Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer--collaborative reanalysis of individualdata from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58,515 women with breastcancer and 95,067 women without the disease.

Author: Hamajima, N, Hirose, K, Tajima, K, Rohan, T, Calle, EE, Heath CW, Jr, Coates, RJ, Liff, JM, Talamini, R, Chantarakul, N, Koetsawang, S, Rachawat, D, Morabia, A, Schuman, L, Stewart, W, Szklo, M, Bain, C, Schofield, F, Siskind, V, Band, P, Coldman, AJ, Gallagher, RP, Hislop, TG, Yang, P, Kolonel, LM, Nomura, AM, Hu, J, Johnson, KC, Mao, Y, De Sanjose, S, Lee, N, Marchbanks, P, Ory, HW, Peterson, HB, Wilson, HG, Wingo, PA, Ebeling, K, Kunde, D, Nishan, P, Hopper, JL, Colditz, G, Gajalanski, V, Martin, N, Pardthaisong, T, Silpisornkosol, S, Theetranont, C, Boosiri, B, Chutivongse, S, Jimakorn, P, Virutamasen, P, Wongsrichanalai, C, Ewertz, M, Adami, HO, Bergkvist, L, Magnusson, C, Persson, I, Chang-Claude, J, Paul, C, Skegg, DC, Spears, GF, Boyle, P, Evstifeeva, T, Daling, JR, Hutchinson, WB, Malone, K, Noonan, EA, Stanford, JL, Thomas, DB, Weiss, NS, White, E, Andrieu, N, Bremond, A, Clavel, F, Gairard, B, Lansac, J, Piana, L, Renaud, R, Izquierdo, A, Viladiu, P, Cuevas, HR, Ontiveros, P, Palet, A, Salazar, SB, Aristizabel, N, Cuadros, A, Tryggvadottir, L, Tulinius, H, Bachelot, A, Le, MG, Peto, J, Franceschi, S, Lubin, F, Modan, B, Ron, E, Wax, Y, Friedman, GD, Hiatt, RA, Levi, F, Bishop, T, Kosmelj, K, Primic-Zakelj, M, Ravnihar, B, Stare, J, Beeson, WL, Fraser, G, Bullbrook, RD, Cuzick, J, Duffy, SW, Fentiman, IS, Hayward, JL, Wang, DY, McMichael, AJ, McPherson, K, Hanson, RL, Leske, MC, Mahoney, MC, Nasca, PC, Varma, AO, Weinstein, AL, Moller, TR, Olsson, H, Ranstam, J, Goldbohm, RA, van den Brandt, PA, Apelo, RA, Baens, J, de la Cruz, JR, Javier, B, Lacaya, LB, Ngelangel, CA, La Vecchia, C, Negri, E, Marubini, E, Ferraroni, M, Gerber, M, Richardson, S, Segala, C, Gatei, D, Kenya, P, Kungu, A, Mati, JG, Brinton, LA, Hoover, R, Schairer, C, Spirtas, R, Lee, HP, Rookus, MA, van Leeuwen, FE, Schoenberg, JA, McCredie, M, Gammon, MD, Clarke, EA, Jones, L, Neil, A, Vessey, M, Yeates, D, Appleby, P, Banks, E, Beral, V, Bull, D, Crossley, B, Goodill, A, Green, J, Hermon, C, Key, T, Langston, N, Lewis, C, Reeves, G, Collins, R, Doll, R, Peto, R, Mabuchi, K, Preston, D, Hannaford, P, Kay, C, Rosero-Bixby, L, Gao, YT, Jin, F, Yuan, JM, Wei, HY, Yun, T, Zhiheng, C, Berry, G, Cooper Booth, J, Jelihovsky, T, MacLennan, R, Shearman, R, Wang, QS, Baines, CJ, Miller, AB, Wall, C, Lund, E, Stalsberg, H, Shu, XO, Zheng, W, Katsouyanni, K, Trichopoulou, A, Trichopoulos, D, Dabancens, A, Martinez, L, Molina, R, Salas, O, Alexander, FE, Anderson, K, Folsom, AR, Hulka, BS, Bernstein, L, Enger, S, Haile, RW, Paganini-Hill, A, Pike, MC, Ross, RK, Ursin, G, Yu, MC, Longnecker, MP, Newcomb, P, Kalache, A, Farley, TM, Holck, S, Meirik, O, Hamajima, N, Hirose, K, Tajima, K, Rohan, T, Calle, EE, Heath CW, Jr, Coates, RJ, Liff, JM, Talamini, R, Chantarakul, N, Koetsawang, S, Rachawat, D, Morabia, A, Schuman, L, Stewart, W, Szklo, M, Bain, C, Schofield, F, Siskind, V, Band, P, Coldman, AJ, Gallagher, RP, Hislop, TG, Yang, P, Kolonel, LM, Nomura, AM, Hu, J, Johnson, KC, Mao, Y, De Sanjose, S, Lee, N, Marchbanks, P, Ory, HW, Peterson, HB, Wilson, HG, Wingo, PA, Ebeling, K, Kunde, D, Nishan, P, Hopper, JL, Colditz, G, Gajalanski, V, Martin, N, Pardthaisong, T, Silpisornkosol, S, Theetranont, C, Boosiri, B, Chutivongse, S, Jimakorn, P, Virutamasen, P, Wongsrichanalai, C, Ewertz, M, Adami, HO, Bergkvist, L, Magnusson, C, Persson, I, Chang-Claude, J, Paul, C, Skegg, DC, Spears, GF, Boyle, P, Evstifeeva, T, Daling, JR, Hutchinson, WB, Malone, K, Noonan, EA, Stanford, JL, Thomas, DB, Weiss, NS, White, E, Andrieu, N, Bremond, A, Clavel, F, Gairard, B, Lansac, J, Piana, L, Renaud, R, Izquierdo, A, Viladiu, P, Cuevas, HR, Ontiveros, P, Palet, A, Salazar, SB, Aristizabel, N, Cuadros, A, Tryggvadottir, L, Tulinius, H, Bachelot, A, Le, MG, Peto, J, Franceschi, S, Lubin, F, Modan, B, Ron, E, Wax, Y, Friedman, GD, Hiatt, RA, Levi, F, Bishop, T, Kosmelj, K, Primic-Zakelj, M, Ravnihar, B, Stare, J, Beeson, WL, Fraser, G, Bullbrook, RD, Cuzick, J, Duffy, SW, Fentiman, IS, Hayward, JL, Wang, DY, McMichael, AJ, McPherson, K, Hanson, RL, Leske, MC, Mahoney, MC, Nasca, PC, Varma, AO, Weinstein, AL, Moller, TR, Olsson, H, Ranstam, J, Goldbohm, RA, van den Brandt, PA, Apelo, RA, Baens, J, de la Cruz, JR, Javier, B, Lacaya, LB, Ngelangel, CA, La Vecchia, C, Negri, E, Marubini, E, Ferraroni, M, Gerber, M, Richardson, S, Segala, C, Gatei, D, Kenya, P, Kungu, A, Mati, JG, Brinton, LA, Hoover, R, Schairer, C, Spirtas, R, Lee, HP, Rookus, MA, van Leeuwen, FE, Schoenberg, JA, McCredie, M, Gammon, MD, Clarke, EA, Jones, L, Neil, A, Vessey, M, Yeates, D, Appleby, P, Banks, E, Beral, V, Bull, D, Crossley, B, Goodill, A, Green, J, Hermon, C, Key, T, Langston, N, Lewis, C, Reeves, G, Collins, R, Doll, R, Peto, R, Mabuchi, K, Preston, D, Hannaford, P, Kay, C, Rosero-Bixby, L, Gao, YT, Jin, F, Yuan, JM, Wei, HY, Yun, T, Zhiheng, C, Berry, G, Cooper Booth, J, Jelihovsky, T, MacLennan, R, Shearman, R, Wang, QS, Baines, CJ, Miller, AB, Wall, C, Lund, E, Stalsberg, H, Shu, XO, Zheng, W, Katsouyanni, K, Trichopoulou, A, Trichopoulos, D, Dabancens, A, Martinez, L, Molina, R, Salas, O, Alexander, FE, Anderson, K, Folsom, AR, Hulka, BS, Bernstein, L, Enger, S, Haile, RW, Paganini-Hill, A, Pike, MC, Ross, RK, Ursin, G, Yu, MC, Longnecker, MP, Newcomb, P, Kalache, A, Farley, TM, Holck, S, and Meirik, O
Published: 2002

17. Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: further results

Author: Calle, EE, primary, Heath, CW, additional, Miracle-McMahill, HL, additional, Coates, RJ, additional, Liff, JM, additional, Franceschi, S, additional, Talamini, R, additional, Chantarakul, N, additional, Koetsawang, S, additional, Rachawat, D, additional, Morabia, A, additional, Schuman, L, additional, Stewart, W, additional, Szklo, M, additional, Bain, C, additional, Schofield, F, additional, Siskind, V, additional, Band, P, additional, Coldman, AJ, additional, Gallagher, RP, additional, Hislop, TG, additional, Yang, P, additional, Duffy, SW, additional, Kolonel, LM, additional, Nomura, AMY, additional, Oberle, MW, additional, Ory, HW, additional, Peterson, HB, additional, Wilson, HG, additional, Wingo, PA, additional, Ebeling, K, additional, Kunde, D, additional, Nishan, P, additional, Colditz, G, additional, Martin, N, additional, Pardthaisong, T, additional, Silpisornkosol, S, additional, Theetranont, C, additional, Boosiri, B, additional, Chutivongse, S, additional, Jimakorn, P, additional, Virutamasen, P, additional, Wongsrichanalai, C, additional, McMichael, AJ, additional, Rohan, T, additional, Ewertz, M, additional, Paul, C, additional, Skegg, DCG, additional, Spears, GFS, additional, Boyle, P, additional, Evstifeeva, T, additional, Daling, JR, additional, Malone, K, additional, Noonan, EA, additional, Stanford, JL, additional, Thomas, DB, additional, Weiss, NS, additional, White, E, additional, Andrieu, N, additional, Brêmond, A, additional, Clavel, F, additional, Gairard, B, additional, Lansac, J, additional, Piana, L, additional, Renaud, R, additional, Fine, SRP, additional, Cuevas, HR, additional, Ontiveros, P, additional, Palet, A, additional, Salazar, SB, additional, Aristizabel, N, additional, Cuadros, A, additional, Bachelot, A, additional, Leê, MG, additional, Deacon, J, additional, Peto, J, additional, Taylor, CN, additional, Alfandary, E, additional, Modan, B, additional, Ron, E, additional, Friedman, GD, additional, Hiatt, RA, additional, Bishop, T, additional, Kosmelj, K., additional, Primic-Zakelj, M, additional, Ravnihar, B, additional, Stare, J, additional, Beeson, WL, additional, Fraser, G, additional, Allen, DS, additional, Bulbrook, RD, additional, Cuzick, J, additional, Fentiman, IS, additional, Hayward, JL, additional, Wang, DY, additional, Hanson, RL, additional, Leske, MC, additional, Mahoney, MC, additional, Nasca, PC, additional, Varma, AO, additional, Weinstein, AL, additional, Moller, TR, additional, Olsson, H, additional, Ranstam, J, additional, Goldbohm, RA, additional, van den Brandt, PA, additional, Apelo, RA, additional, Baens, J, additional, de la Cruz, JR, additional, Javier, B, additional, Lacaya, LB, additional, Ngelangel, CA, additional, La Vecchia, C, additional, Negri, E, additional, Marbuni, E, additional, Ferraroni, M, additional, Gerber, M, additional, Richardson, S, additional, Segala, C, additional, Gatei, D, additional, Kenya, P, additional, Kungu, A, additional, Mati, JG, additional, Brinton, LA, additional, Hoover, R, additional, Schairer, C, additional, Spirtas, R, additional, Lee, HP, additional, Rookus, MA, additional, van Leeuwen, FE, additional, Schoenberg, JA, additional, Gammon, MD, additional, Clarke, EA, additional, Jones, L, additional, McPherson, K, additional, Neil, A, additional, Vessey, M, additional, Yeates, D., additional, Beral, V, additional, Bull, D, additional, Crossley, B, additional, Hermon, C, additional, Jones, S, additional, Key, T, additional, Reeves, Clewis G, additional, Smith, P, additional, Collins, R, additional, Doll, R, additional, Peto, R, additional, Hannaford, P, additional, Kay, C, additional, Rosero-Bixby, L, additional, Yuan, J-M, additional, Wei, HY, additional, Yun, T, additional, Zhiheng, C, additional, Berry, G, additional, Booth, J Cooper, additional, Jelihovsky, T, additional, Maclennan, R, additional, Shearman, R, additional, Wang, Q-S, additional, Baines, CJ, additional, Miller, AB, additional, Wall, C, additional, Lund, E, additional, Stalsberg, H, additional, Dabancens, A, additional, Martinez, L, additional, Molina, R, additional, Salas, O, additional, Alexander, FE, additional, Hulka, BS, additional, Chilvers, CED, additional, Bernstein, L, additional, Haile, RW, additional, Paganini-Hill, A, additional, Pike, MC, additional, Ross, RK, additional, Ursin, G, additional, Yu, MC, additional, Adami, HO, additional, Bergstrom, R, additional, Longnecker, MP, additional, Farley, TMN, additional, Holck, S, additional, and Meirik, O, additional
Published: 1996
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18. Oral cancer in Northern Thailand

Author: Reichart, P.A., primary, Schmidt-Westhausen, A., additional, and Theetranont, C., additional
Published: 1990
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19. Risk factors for HIV-1 seroconversion among young men in northern Thailand

Author: Celentano, D.D., Nelson, K.E., Suprasert, S., Eiumtrakul, S., Tulvatana, S., Kuntolbutra, S., Akarasewi, P., Matanasarawoot, A., Wright, N.H., Sirisopana, N., and Theetranont, C.
Subjects: HIV infection -- Risk factors, Prostitution -- Health aspects, Safe sex -- Health aspects, Condoms -- Usage, Thailand -- Health aspects
Abstract: According to the authors' abstract of an article published in JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, "OBJECTIVE: To identify behavioral and sociodemographic risk factors for incident human immunodeficiency [...]
Published: 1996

20. Dynamics of risk behavior for HIV infection among young Thai men

Author: Celentano, D.D., Nelson, K.E., Suprasert, S., Eiumtrakul, S., Galai, N., Kuntolbutra, S., Wright, N., and Theetranont, C.
Subjects: HIV infection -- Risk factors, Prostitution -- Health aspects, Thailand -- Sexual behavior
Abstract: According to the authors' abstract of an article published in Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, "The objective of this investigation was to analyze the dynamics of [...]
Published: 1996

21. Ultrastructural findings in the oral mucosa of betel chewers

Author: Reichart, P., primary, Boning, W., additional, Srisuwan, S., additional, Theetranont, C., additional, and Mour, U., additional
Published: 1984
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22. HIV-1 infection among lower class commercial sex workers in Chiang Mai, Thailand - short communication

Author: Celentano, D.D., Akarasewi, P., Sussman, L., Suprasert, S., Matanasarawoot, A., Wright, N.H., Theetranont, C., and Nelson, K.E.
Subjects: HIV infection -- Risk factors, Prostitution -- Health aspects, Chiang Mai, Thailand -- Health aspects
Abstract: According to the authors' abstract of an article published in AIDS, "Objective: To determine risk factors for HIV-1 infection in female commercial sex workers (CSW) in northern Thailand. Methods: A [...]
Published: 1994

23. Risks for seroconversion to HIV among young Thai males

Author: Celentano, D., Nelson, K., Suprasert, S., Eiumtrakul, S., Wright, N., and Theetranont, C.
Subjects: HIV infection -- Risk factors, Young men -- Health aspects, Prostitution -- Health aspects, Thailand -- Health aspects
Abstract: AUTHORS: D. Celentano, K. Nelson, S. Suprasert, S. Eiumtrakul, N. Wright, C. Theetranont, et al. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Royal Thai Army and Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; [...]
Published: 1993

24. Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer--collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58,515 women with breast cancer and 95,067 women without the disease.

Author: Hamajima N, Hirose K, Tajima K, Rohan T, Calle EE, Heath CW Jr, Coates RJ, Liff JM, Talamini R, Chantarakul N, Koetsawang S, Rachawat D, Morabia A, Schuman L, Stewart W, Szklo M, Bain C, Schofield F, Siskind V, Band P, Coldman AJ, Gallagher RP, Hislop TG, Yang P, Kolonel LM, Nomura AM, Hu J, Johnson KC, Mao Y, De Sanjosé S, Lee N, Marchbanks P, Ory HW, Peterson HB, Wilson HG, Wingo PA, Ebeling K, Kunde D, Nishan P, Hopper JL, Colditz G, Gajalanski V, Martin N, Pardthaisong T, Silpisornkosol S, Theetranont C, Boosiri B, Chutivongse S, Jimakorn P, Virutamasen P, Wongsrichanalai C, Ewertz M, Adami HO, Bergkvist L, Magnusson C, Persson I, Chang-Claude J, Paul C, Skegg DC, Spears GF, Boyle P, Evstifeeva T, Daling JR, Hutchinson WB, Malone K, Noonan EA, Stanford JL, Thomas DB, Weiss NS, White E, Andrieu N, Brêmond A, Clavel F, Gairard B, Lansac J, Piana L, Renaud R, Izquierdo A, Viladiu P, Cuevas HR, Ontiveros P, Palet A, Salazar SB, Aristizabel N, Cuadros A, Tryggvadottir L, Tulinius H, Bachelot A, Lê MG, Peto J, Franceschi S, Lubin F, Modan B, Ron E, Wax Y, Friedman GD, Hiatt RA, Levi F, Bishop T, Kosmelj K, Primic-Zakelj M, Ravnihar B, Stare J, Beeson WL, Fraser G, Bullbrook RD, Cuzick J, Duffy SW, Fentiman IS, Hayward JL, Wang DY, McMichael AJ, McPherson K, Hanson RL, Leske MC, Mahoney MC, Nasca PC, Varma AO, Weinstein AL, Moller TR, Olsson H, Ranstam J, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA, Apelo RA, Baens J, de la Cruz JR, Javier B, Lacaya LB, Ngelangel CA, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Marubini E, Ferraroni M, Gerber M, Richardson S, Segala C, Gatei D, Kenya P, Kungu A, Mati JG, Brinton LA, Hoover R, Schairer C, Spirtas R, Lee HP, Rookus MA, van Leeuwen FE, Schoenberg JA, McCredie M, Gammon MD, Clarke EA, Jones L, Neil A, Vessey M, Yeates D, Appleby P, Banks E, Beral V, Bull D, Crossley B, Goodill A, Green J, Hermon C, Key T, Langston N, Lewis C, Reeves G, Collins R, Doll R, Peto R, Mabuchi K, Preston D, Hannaford P, Kay C, Rosero-Bixby L, Gao YT, Jin F, Yuan JM, Wei HY, Yun T, Zhiheng C, Berry G, Cooper Booth J, Jelihovsky T, MacLennan R, Shearman R, Wang QS, Baines CJ, Miller AB, Wall C, Lund E, Stalsberg H, Shu XO, Zheng W, Katsouyanni K, Trichopoulou A, Trichopoulos D, Dabancens A, Martinez L, Molina R, Salas O, Alexander FE, Anderson K, Folsom AR, Hulka BS, Bernstein L, Enger S, Haile RW, Paganini-Hill A, Pike MC, Ross RK, Ursin G, Yu MC, Longnecker MP, Newcomb P, Bergkvist L, Kalache A, Farley TM, Holck S, and Meirik O
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Epidemiologic Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Middle Aged, Risk Assessment, Alcohol Drinking adverse effects, Breast Neoplasms etiology, Developing Countries, Smoking adverse effects
Abstract: Alcohol and tobacco consumption are closely correlated and published results on their association with breast cancer have not always allowed adequately for confounding between these exposures. Over 80% of the relevant information worldwide on alcohol and tobacco consumption and breast cancer were collated, checked and analysed centrally. Analyses included 58,515 women with invasive breast cancer and 95,067 controls from 53 studies. Relative risks of breast cancer were estimated, after stratifying by study, age, parity and, where appropriate, women's age when their first child was born and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The average consumption of alcohol reported by controls from developed countries was 6.0 g per day, i.e. about half a unit/drink of alcohol per day, and was greater in ever-smokers than never-smokers, (8.4 g per day and 5.0 g per day, respectively). Compared with women who reported drinking no alcohol, the relative risk of breast cancer was 1.32 (1.19-1.45, P<0.00001) for an intake of 35-44 g per day alcohol, and 1.46 (1.33-1.61, P<0.00001) for >/=45 g per day alcohol. The relative risk of breast cancer increased by 7.1% (95% CI 5.5-8.7%; P<0.00001) for each additional 10 g per day intake of alcohol, i.e. for each extra unit or drink of alcohol consumed on a daily basis. This increase was the same in ever-smokers and never-smokers (7.1% per 10 g per day, P<0.00001, in each group). By contrast, the relationship between smoking and breast cancer was substantially confounded by the effect of alcohol. When analyses were restricted to 22 255 women with breast cancer and 40 832 controls who reported drinking no alcohol, smoking was not associated with breast cancer (compared to never-smokers, relative risk for ever-smokers=1.03, 95% CI 0.98-1.07, and for current smokers=0.99, 0.92-1.05). The results for alcohol and for tobacco did not vary substantially across studies, study designs, or according to 15 personal characteristics of the women; nor were the findings materially confounded by any of these factors. If the observed relationship for alcohol is causal, these results suggest that about 4% of the breast cancers in developed countries are attributable to alcohol. In developing countries, where alcohol consumption among controls averaged only 0.4 g per day, alcohol would have a negligible effect on the incidence of breast cancer. In conclusion, smoking has little or no independent effect on the risk of developing breast cancer; the effect of alcohol on breast cancer needs to be interpreted in the context of its beneficial effects, in moderation, on cardiovascular disease and its harmful effects on cirrhosis and cancers of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus and liver.
Published: 2002
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25. Epidemiologic risk factors for incident sexually transmitted diseases in young Thai men.

Author: Celentano DD, Nelson KE, Suprasert S, Eiumtrakul S, Kuntolbutra S, Beyrer C, Zenilman J, Wright NH, and Theetranont C
Subjects: Adult, Condoms statistics & numerical data, Humans, Incidence, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Thailand epidemiology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Prospective studies of incidental sexually transmitted diseases in developing countries rarely have been reported. As the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic widens, knowledge of the epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases as co-factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection is viewed as vitally important., Goal: To determine epidemiologic risk factors for incidental sexually transmitted diseases in young men in northern Thailand., Study Design: A cohort of 2,417 men selected by lottery for military conscription was followed an average of 22 months, with epidemiologic risk factors and sexually transmitted disease histories assessed semiannually. Sexually transmitted diseases were determined by physician or symptom histories obtained by interview., Results: Sexually transmitted disease incidence was 17.04 per 100 person-years. Gonorrhea and chancroid were commonly reported, whereas incident syphilis was rare. Sexually transmitted disease incidence declined significantly in the 2-year period. Most sexually transmitted diseases were acquired through commercial sex patronage. However, among men who did not report visiting a brothel, there was a significant increase in sexually transmitted diseases among men reporting sex with a girlfriend. Other risk factors included inconsistent condom use, drug use, and low educational level. Frequent alcohol use was associated with incident sexually transmitted diseases in bivariate analysis, but drinking at the time of last brothel visit was not associated with increased sexually transmitted diseases., Conclusions: Sexually transmitted disease control in Thailand is based on an integrated sexually transmitted disease clinic system. Many commercial sex workers are examined and treated routinely, but too infrequently to reduce sexually transmitted disease transmission between them and their male clients. Condom-use levels in commercial sex settings still may be too low to reduce sexually transmitted disease transmission. More consistent and effective sexually transmitted disease treatment of commercial sex workers and their clients and education of men on the effective and consistent use of condoms is required to reduce the risks of sexually transmitted disease transmission in this population.
Published: 1996
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26. Dynamics of risk behavior for HIV infection among young Thai men.

Author: Celentano DD, Nelson KE, Suprasert S, Eiumtrakul S, Galai N, Kuntolbutra S, Wright N, and Theetranont C
Subjects: Adult, Chi-Square Distribution, Cohort Studies, Disease Transmission, Infectious statistics & numerical data, Female, HIV Infections transmission, Humans, Male, Military Personnel, Multivariate Analysis, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Self Disclosure, Sex Work, Sexual Behavior statistics & numerical data, Thailand epidemiology, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV-1, Risk-Taking
Abstract: The objective of this investigation was to analyze the dynamics of risk for HIV-1 infection among young men in Thailand. We conducted a prospective study in a cohort (n = 1,236) of young men, aged 19-23 years at conscription into the Royal Thai Army and Air Force from six provinces in northern Thailand in May 1991 who were followed until their discharge in April 1993. The outcome measure was change since conscription in the frequency of self-reported sex with female commercial sex workers (CSW) during military service. Although 42% of conscripts reported no visit to a female CSW in the year prior to conscription, most had a visit during military service. Men who visited female CSWs infrequently at baseline increased their visits somewhat over time, whereas those with high initial rates of CSW visits decreased. Based on an assumed stable distribution over time, change from baseline was not statistically significant. Only marital status and high baseline CSW visit rates were associated with diminished visit frequency in multivariate analysis. No differences were seen in patterns of change in CSW visits by HIV-1 serostatus. More aggressive preventive interventions are needed to reduce the frequency of CSW visits in northern Thailand, a setting where 40-80% of all female CSWs working in brothels are now HIV seropositive.
Published: 1995
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27. Epidemiologic characteristics of leprosy reactions.

Author: Scollard DM, Smith T, Bhoopat L, Theetranont C, Rangdaeng S, and Morens DM
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Age of Onset, Child, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Leprostatic Agents therapeutic use, Leprosy epidemiology, Leprosy, Borderline epidemiology, Leprosy, Lepromatous epidemiology, Leprosy, Tuberculoid epidemiology, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Sex Characteristics, Thailand epidemiology, Erythema Nodosum epidemiology, Leprosy immunology, Leprosy, Borderline immunology, Leprosy, Lepromatous immunology, Leprosy, Tuberculoid immunology
Abstract: An 8-year prospective study of a cohort of 176 newly diagnosed leprosy patients was conducted to examine the possible influence of age, sex, multidrug therapy (MDT), and duration of illness on the risk of either type 1 or type 2 reactions. Patients were enrolled over a 5-year period (1984-1989) and followed for a minimum of 3 years. All reactions studied were severe enough to warrant hospital admission. Overall, 45% of this cohort developed a reaction; 32% of patients considered at risk developed type 1 reactions, and 37% of patients considered at risk developed type 2 reactions. Despite the predominance of men among the leprosy patients, type 1 reactions occurred with significantly greater frequency in women, and did not appear to be influenced by age of onset of leprosy. Individuals experiencing one type 1 reaction were not likely to experience a recurrence, suggesting that the immunologic mechanisms of this reaction may be limited or regulated by genetic or immunologic factors. Type 2 reactions, on the other hand, occurred with equal frequency in both males and females, but were highly associated with onset of leprosy in the second decade of life. Individuals who experienced type 2 reactions often had one or more recurrence of the reaction. No increased risk was seen for either reaction with longer duration of leprosy or longer duration of treatment. The mechanisms by which these differences relate to the pathogenesis of leprosy reactions remains unclear, but future studies of clinical and immunological parameters of leprosy reactions may benefit from stratification of data by gender and age of onset of leprosy in addition to the routine grouping of results by leprosy classification.
Published: 1994

28. Seroprevalence of HIV antibodies and risk factors in healthy young males from upper north Thailand.

Author: Theetranont C, Suprasert S, Matanasarawoot A, Romyen S, Tulvatana S, Nelson KE, Celentanao DD, and Wright N
Subjects: Adult, HIV Antibodies blood, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Sex Work, Substance-Related Disorders, Thailand epidemiology, HIV Seroprevalence
Abstract: In the Spring of 1991 a random sample of young men from Upper Northern Thailand (mean age = 21 years) was interviewed by trained medical students from Chiang Mai University, serum samples were obtained and analyzed for prevalence of HIV-1 antibodies and for syphilis, and risk factors for HIV infection were assessed. It was found that Commercial Sex Workers (CSW) were the principal risk factor, that consistent condom use is rare, and the rates of HIV infection are rising rapidly. Sociodemographic background, homosexual behavior, drug use, and history of STD's were found to be not significant risk factors. The conclusions are that the education campaigns should be intensified to reduce the frequency of contact with CSW and to encourage consistent use of condoms.
Published: 1994

29. HIV-1 infection among lower class commercial sex workers in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Author: Celentano DD, Akarasewi P, Sussman L, Suprasert S, Matanasarawoot A, Wright NH, Theetranont C, and Nelson KE
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Thailand epidemiology, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV-1, Sex Work
Abstract: Objective: To determine risk factors for HIV-1 infection in female commercial sex workers (CSW) in northern Thailand., Methods: A cross-sectional survey of female CSW from 11 sex establishments frequented by military conscripts that included an interview and serological testing for HIV-1., Results: The HIV-1 seroprevalence in 230 CSW was 65%; the rate was lower among CSW from Chiang Mai than from rural areas. Multivariate logistic regression analysis for HIV-1 included the following significant factors: non-urban location of the sex establishment, ethnic Thai lowlander, lower price, history of genital warts and dysuria. Condom use, number of partners and duration of employment were not significantly associated with HIV-1 prevalence after adjustment for other risk factors., Conclusions: The high level of HIV-1 seroprevalence in this sample demonstrates the risk of transmission in lower cost commercial sex encounters in northern Thailand. Non-Thais (ethnic Hill tribes and Burmese) had lower HIV-1 prevalence than ethnic Thais. Type of establishment ('direct' brothel-based or 'indirect' establishments) was not predictive of HIV-1 seroprevalence. However, rural establishments were less vigilant in promoting condom use, suggesting the need for renewed efforts to enforce the Ministry of Public Health's '100% Condom Campaign' in commercial sex establishments.
Published: 1994
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30. Cholinesterase activity in the chondrocranium of normal and exencephalic mouse fetus with trisomy 12.

Author: Theetranont C, Vanittanakom P, and Gropp A
Subjects: Animals, Cartilage enzymology, Mice, Mice, Inbred Strains, Skull enzymology, Anencephaly embryology, Cartilage embryology, Cholinesterases metabolism, Skull embryology, Trisomy
Abstract: Cholinesterase (ChE) activity in the chondrocranium of normal and exencephalic trisomy 12 mouse fetuses was studied. Non-specific cholinesterase activity was found strongly in the developing bone cells at the central zone and weakly in the more maturely developed bone cells at the peripheral zone of the chondrocranium of both normal and exencephalic trisomy 12 mouse fetuses. In exencephalic mouse fetuses, the ChE-activity was lesser than in the normal ones which corresponded to hypoplastic chondrocranium. The centrifugal direction of the maturity of individual bone cells could be demonstrated by the activity of cholinesterase. The young bone cells showed strong ChE-activity while the more matured cells showed weak ChE-activity. The enzyme activity disappeared when the definite tissue structure was well developed. From this study, it may be concluded that ChE plays a role in chondrocranium development which is different from its known function in the adult tissue.
Published: 1992

31. Studies of human leprosy lesions in situ using suction-induced blisters: cell changes with IgM antibody to PGL-1 and interleukin-2 receptor in clinical subgroups of erythema nodosum leprosum.

Author: Bhoopat L, Scollard DM, Theetranont C, Chiewchanvit S, Nelson DL, and Utaipat U
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Blister immunology, Blister pathology, CD4-CD8 Ratio, Cell Count, Chronic Disease, Erythema Nodosum pathology, Female, Glycolipids immunology, Humans, Leprosy, Lepromatous pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium leprae immunology, Antigens, Bacterial analysis, Erythema Nodosum immunology, Immunoglobulin M analysis, Leprosy, Lepromatous immunology, Receptors, Interleukin-2 immunology
Abstract: To examine the immunopathogenesis of type 2 erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reactions in leprosy, we studied cellular and soluble immunologic components of skin lesions in 57 patients with reactions (19 acute ENL and 38 chronic ENL), 61 active patients without reactions, and 33 control patients whose leprosy had been treated and cured. Cells, IgM antibody to PGL-1 and Tac peptide levels were obtained from fluid aspirated from blisters induced by suction directly over representative skin lesions. During ENL reactions: a) the lesions in chronic ENL showed a decreased number of CD8+ (T-suppressor) cells and increased helper/suppressor ratio as compared to those in acute ENL and non-reactional leprosy; b) Tac peptide and IgM antibody to PGL-1 levels were elevated in the chronic ENL lesions; c) and systemic administration of corticosteroids appeared to cause a reduction in the intralesional CD4+ cell population and IgM antibody to PGL-1 but did not change CD8+ cell population and the levels of Tac peptide in the lesions. The elevated levels of Tac peptide were localized in the skin lesions while increased levels of IgM anti-PGL-1 seemed to be filtered from the peripheral blood. We conclude that spontaneous lymphocyte activation in situ, primarily of decreased CD8+ and relatively increased CD4+ cells, are important features of chronic, recurrent ENL reactions and may be an intermittent or cyclic phenomenon during the reaction. Understanding the mechanisms of these spontaneous changes in immunity in leprosy will enlarge our knowledge of reactions and of the underlying determinants of delayed type hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immunity in leprosy, which in turn will allow us to realize the potential for artificially manipulating these responses as proposed with vaccines or immunotherapy.
Published: 1991

32. Studies of human leprosy lesions in situ using suction-induced blisters. 2. Cell changes and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (Tac peptide) in reversal reactions.

Author: Scollard DM, Suriyanon V, Bhoopat L, Wagner DK, Smith TC, Thamprasert K, Nelson DL, and Theetranont C
Subjects: Adult, Cell Count, Female, Humans, Leprosy etiology, Male, Middle Aged, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Leprosy immunology, Receptors, Interleukin-2 analysis, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer
Abstract: To examine the pathogenesis of type 1 (reversal) reactions in leprosy, we studied cellular and soluble immunologic components of skin lesions in 10 patients with reactions, 24 active patients without reactions, and 33 control patients whose leprosy had been treated and cured. Cells and Tac-peptide levels were obtained from fluid aspirated from blisters induced by suction directly over representative skin lesions. During reversal reactions: a) the lesions contained an increased number and percentage of CD4+ (T-helper) cells; b) Tac-peptide levels were elevated in half of the lesions; c) the increases in Tac peptide and CD4+ cells were directly correlated; and d) systemic administration of corticosteroids appeared to cause a reduction in the intralesional CD4+ cell population. These findings were localized to the skin, and do not represent simple filtration of these components from the peripheral blood. We conclude that spontaneous lymphocyte activation in situ, primarily of CD4+ cells, is an important feature of reversal reactions, and may be an intermittent or cyclic phenomenon during the reaction. Findings in active patients without reactions are consistent with the hypothesis that differing states of immunologic equilibrium have been established in different portions of the leprosy spectrum. In reversal reactions we may, therefore, be examining immunologic processes set in motion when a pre-existing equilibrium has been upset by spontaneous, natural events. The mechanism of such spontaneous changes in immunity in leprosy is of considerable interest, not only to understand the reaction, but also to examine the underlying determinants of delayed-type hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immunity in leprosy and the potential for artificially manipulating these responses, as proposed with vaccines or immunotherapy.
Published: 1990

33. Cell changes and soluble interleukin-2 receptors (Tac peptide) in leprosy reversal reactions using suction-induced blisters.

Author: Theetranont C, Bhoopat L, and Scollard DM
Subjects: Adult, Blister immunology, Female, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results, Leprosy immunology, Receptors, Interleukin-2 analysis, T-Lymphocytes immunology
Abstract: The cellular contents and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) [Tac peptide] of skin blisters induced by suction over 7 reversal reaction (RR) patients were examined using immunoperoxidase and ELISA techniques respectively. The helper T activity (CD4+ cells) and helper:suppressor ratio were significantly greater in borderline lepromatous (BL) lesions with RR than in quiescent BL lesions. Interestingly, the intracutaneous levels of Tac peptide were elevated and directly correlated with the increases in CD4+ cells. The systemic administration of corticosteroids revealed a reduction in the numbers of CD4+ cells in the lesions. These results indicate that RRs are manifestations of a spontaneous increase in delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and possibly cell mediated immunity (CMI) in leprosy patients. The mechanism of such changes in immunity is of considerable value in understanding reversal reactions and the underlying determinants of DTH and CMI in leprosy and this in turn will have a bearing on the potential for proposed vaccines or immunotherapy.
Published: 1990

34. Epidermal carcinoma: a five year (1981-1985) pathological analysis at Chiang Mai University Hospital.

Author: Theetranont C, Vanittanakom P, and Nateewattana S
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Thailand epidemiology, Skin Neoplasms epidemiology
Abstract: A total of 414 cases of epidermal carcinoma registered at the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University during the years 1981 to 1985 were analysed in detail. The disease was more prevalent in males than in females. The incidence was 55.56 per cent in males and 44.44 per cent in females. At the age interval between 50 to 79, epidermal cancers were most frequently seen. Most of the patients were farmers. The patients usually came to the hospital with signs and symptoms of mass and ulcer. The histological cell types were squamous cell carcinoma (50.25%), basal cell carcinoma (34.54%), malignant melanoma (14.01%) and other (1.21%). The etiology of epidermal carcinoma is not definitely known, therefore, the possible epidemiologic etiology was briefly discussed.
Published: 1990

35. Gardner's syndrome associated with adenomatous polyp of gall bladder: report of a case.

Author: Tantachamrun T, Borvonsombat S, and Theetranont C
Subjects: Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Syndrome, Colonic Neoplasms complications, Gallbladder Neoplasms complications, Intestinal Polyps complications, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary, Osteoma complications, Polyps complications, Skull Neoplasms complications
Published: 1979

36. Precancerous and other oral mucosal lesions related to chewing, smoking and drinking habits in Thailand.

Author: Reichart PA, Mohr U, Srisuwan S, Geerlings H, Theetranont C, and Kangwanpong T
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Rural Population, Thailand, Alcohol Drinking, Areca, Leukoplakia, Oral etiology, Mouth Diseases etiology, Plants, Medicinal, Smoking
Abstract: In a field study (1979-1984) four out of six major hilltribes of Northern Thailand, namely the Lahu, Karen, Lisu and Meo, as well as a group of rural Thai, were examined. Chewing, smoking and drinking habits and lesions of the oral mucosa (leukoedema, preleukoplakia, leukoplakia and chewer's mucosa) were recorded. 1866 individuals were examined. Considerable differences in the chewing and smoking habits among the various tribes were recorded and some of them were considered tribe-specific. Chewing of betel and miang was more prevalent among older people; these habits seem to have lost their attraction for the younger people. Cigarette smoking was more prevalent among middle-aged individuals. Leukoedema was observed in 12.4%, preleukoplakia in 1.8%, leukoplakia in 1.1% and chewer's mucosa in 13.1%. Men and the older generation were affected more often, except that more women (Karen and Thai) revealed chewer's mucosa. A positive correlation could be demonstrated between some mucosal lesions (leukoedema, chewer's mucosa) and some smoking and chewing habits.
Published: 1987
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37. Primary cancer of the vagina in North Thailand.

Author: Theetranont C, Nateewattana S, Vanittanakom P, and Suvanarat N
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Thailand, Vaginal Neoplasms pathology
Published: 1983

38. Measurement of cellular and soluble immunologic changes in vivo in human leprosy lesions.

Author: Scollard DM, Theetranont C, Suriyanon V, Bhoopat L, Rangdaeng S, Thamprasert K, and Smith T
Subjects: Antibodies, Bacterial analysis, Blister immunology, Blister pathology, Cell Count, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Leprosy pathology, Prostaglandins E immunology, Receptors, Interleukin-2 immunology, T-Lymphocytes classification, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Leprosy immunology
Published: 1989

39. The exomphalos, macroglossia, gigantism (E.M.G.) syndrome: a case report and review of the literature.

Author: Theetranont C, Tantachamrun T, Rangsiyanond P, and Phatharakulwanich S
Subjects: Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Syndrome, Gigantism complications, Hernia, Umbilical complications, Macroglossia complications
Published: 1978

40. Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone: a case report.

Author: Wongcharoen P and Theetranont C
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Male, Bone Neoplasms pathology, Fibula pathology, Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous pathology, Tibia pathology
Published: 1981

41. Studies of human leprosy lesions in situ using suction-induced blisters. 1. Cellular components of new, uncomplicated lesions.

Author: Rangdaeng S, Scollard DM, Suriyanon V, Smith T, Thamprasert K, and Theetranont C
Subjects: Cell Count, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Leprosy, Borderline pathology, Leprosy, Lepromatous pathology, Leprosy, Tuberculoid pathology, Monocytes pathology, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer pathology, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory pathology, Blister pathology, Leprosy pathology
Abstract: The cellular contents of blisters induced by suction over new, uncomplicated leprosy lesions, and in the skin of cured, control patients, have been examined with enzyme- and immuno-histochemical staining over a period of 4 days. The total cellularity of the blisters varied over a wide range, not correlated with the type of leprosy. Mononuclear cells predominated at all times studied, with nearly equal percentages of monocytes and T lymphocytes. The T-helper: suppressor ratio was significantly greater in BT than in BL and LL lesions at 48 hr. Suction blisters offer a painless, quantitative, reproducible, multiple-sampling method for obtaining cells from the cutaneous infiltrates of leprosy for phenotyping or functional analysis.
Published: 1989

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