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Enterprise systems are complex information systems that are inevitable for companies' success. As enterprise systems are only successful when used continuously and efficiently by end-users, knowledge on how to use them has become an important skill for employees. Research and practice favor an early obtainment of these skills for employees. Thus, it is usual to train students in enterprise systems usage before they start their professional career. Even though in organizational settings e-learning based approaches gain momentum, adapting design instances of multi-purpose platforms like Udacity, Udemy or Coursera existing approaches directed at students are scarce. Nevertheless, a well-informed e-learning platform design can support the learning process. Therefore, we investigate the design of e-learning platforms featuring students' enterprise system end-user training. To address the lack of guidance on designing such e-learning platforms, we proposed four meta-requirements and ten design principles to increase students' learning success on e-learning platforms focusing on students' end-user training. To achieve this goal and to ground our results on empiricism, we collected data about e-learning-platform design from three data sources: (1) We reviewed the existing literature, (2) carried out a multi-case analysis, and (3) derived insights from implementing an e-learning platform for students' end-user training and thereby demonstrating the applicability of the design principles. Finally, we evaluated the implementation. Following the design principles, learning success should be increased by a flexible learning environment with easy access and use, propelled motivation, and fostered information exchange.

This study develops a basic micropropagation protocol for Oroxylum indicum, a well-liked plant in Southeast Asia with medicinal properties that have been recognized by various civilizations worldwide for centuries. Seeds were sterilized with 0.1% HgCl2 for 1 minute, yielding an optimal sterilization efficiency of 89.9%. MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP was the most effective medium for shoot initiation, and MS medium supplemented with 0.7 mg/l IBA was the best rooting medium.

Flood damage is becoming increasingly severe in the context of climate change and changes in land use. Assessing the effects of these changes on floods is important, to help decision-makers and local authorities understand the causes of worsening floods and propose appropriate measures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of climate and land use change on flood susceptibility in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam, using machine learning techniques (support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF)) and remote sensing. The machine learning models used a flood inventory including 1,864 flood locations and 11 conditional factors in 2017 and 2021, as the input data. The predictive capacity of the proposed models was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the mean absolute error (MAE). Both proposed models were successful, with AUC values exceeding 0.95 in predicting the effects of climate and land use change on flood susceptibility. The RF model, with AUC = 0.98, outperformed the SVM model (AUC = 0.97). The areas most susceptible to flooding increased between 2017 and 2021 due to increased built-up area. HIGHLIGHTS Machine learning algorithms were applied for flood susceptibility modeling.; The RF model had the highest AUC value (0.98).; The areas highly flood susceptibility increased between 2017 and 2021.;

Litsea umbellata (Lour.) Merr. is a plant commonly grown in Vietnam and some Asian countries. The plant is used in traditional medicines and exhibits significant biological activities. However, the sesquiterpenes’ extraction in the essential oil (EO) of L. umbellata harvested from the northern region of Vietnam has been limitedly known. Therefore, in the present study, the L. umbellata leaves and stem EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation method, then determined for the phytochemical profile by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry system, and investigated the cytotoxicity activities against five cancer cell lines. Results have identified a total of 21 and 26 compounds in the EOs of L. umbellata leaves and stem, respectively, with the main sesquiterpene compounds being β-caryophyllene (16.87–11.04%), (+)-spathulenol (9.74–6.57%), β-caryophyllene oxide (26.12–18.34%), and (−)-spatulenol (11.08–8.8%). L. umbellata leaves exhibit significant anti-cancer activity with IC50 values ranging from 29.58 to 62.96 µg/ml. Otherwise, L. umbellata EOs also exhibited the good inhibition activities against DPPH free radical and three bacteria strains. The chemical constituents and cytotoxicity activity of L. umbellata EO stems have been reported for the first time and provided the future applications of this plant.

Silver nanoparticles (C. AgNPs) are synthesized by the biological reduction method using extracts from green tea leaves (Camellia Sinensis) collected from tea hills at an altitude of 100 m above the ground. The chemicals present in the tea leaf extract act as reducing agents used to reduce Ag+ ions to silver atoms to form C. AgNPs in the solution. In this work, we optimized the C. AgNPs synthesis process by investigating the influence of reaction parameters such as concentration of tea leaf extract (1 ppm–50 ppm), reaction temperature (30 °C-60 °C), reaction time (5 min–100 min), and reaction rate (400 rpm–800 rpm) through absorption UV–Vis spectroscopy, TEM transmission electron microscopy, and spectroscopy X-ray. Organic compounds in tea leaf extract are detected by NMR measurement. The functional groups on the C. AgNPs are shown on the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum. The C. AgNPs are used to degrade MB dye at 10 ppm concentration based on the photocatalytic effect using a 6500 K white light source. The C. AgNPs have also been studied for their antibacterial activity on two bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.A) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.A), while a positive control is Ampicillin 50 mg/ml and a negative control is H2O. The results reveal that the C. AgNPs with diameters in the range of 25 nm–55 nm degrade 10 ppm MB dye after 1 h with photodegradation efficiency up to 96 %. The antibacterial ability of C. AgNPs against both bacteria is good, even superior to that of Ampicillin. Furthermore, the particle synthesis efficiency and therefore the antibacterial activity as well as the photodegradation effect of C. AgNPs are higher than previously reported. At the same time, using green tea leaf extract to synthesize C. AgNPs creates environmentally friendly products. These useful behaviors are the potential to increase the scope and applicability of C. AgNPs, especially for biomedical applications in the near future.

Introduction: The clinical picture of parathyroid tumors is mainly related to hypercalcemia such as kidney stones and bone and muscle pain. However, spontaneous cervical hemorrhage due to parathyroidoma bleeding is rare with clinical manifestations of the painful swelling and bruising of the neck accompanied by dysphagia and dyspnea. Case presentation: We report a case of a 71-year-old female patient who presented with acute cervical swelling and extensive bleeding spreading from the neck to the abdomen and 2 flanks. Investigation of patients revealed increased parathyroid hormone levels and hypercalcemia. The neck ultrasound showed the thyroid nodules in 2 lobes, and goiter plongeant on the right. Computed tomography scan images showed a hematoma spreading from the right side of the neck to the mediastinum. Result: The patient required emergency surgery due to dyspnea and hemodynamic instability. The preoperative diagnosis was cervical bleeding with the likely cause being thyroid nodule rupture. However, during the surgery, the bleeding source was determined to be the right parathyroid tumor located deeply below the superior mediastinum. The patient’s histopathological result of the tumor is parathyroid adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: From our experience, the hemorrhage from parathyroid tumor should be considered as a cause of acute neck bleeding when no history of trauma or surgery is identified. Post-surgery histopathological analyses of the tumor are very important to detect parathyroid adenocarcinoma.

In continuation of the research, the phytochemical investigation of Capparis dongvanensis (Sy, B. H. Quang & D. V. Hai) (Capparaceae). In this work, we described the isolation and identification of two novel polycyclic compounds Capparisone A (1) and Capparisone B (2). The structures of these compounds were determined based on NMR spectral data and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we evaluated the inhibitory activities of isolated compounds from C. dongvanensis leaves against five cancer cell lines, the results showed that isolated compounds exhibited good activities on four cancer cell lines. Otherwise, two isolated compounds 1 and 2 and EA extract also exhibited the anti-oxidant activity in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay.

Background: Adiposity is a major health-risk factor, and D-allulose has beneficial effects on adiposity-related metabolic disturbances. However, the modes of action underlying anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activity are partly understood. Objective: This study investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of D-allulose involved in adipogenesis and activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Design: In this study, 8-week-old male SD (Sprague Dawley) rats were divided into five groups (n = 8/group), (1) Control (chow diet, 3.5%); (2) 60% HFD; (3) 60% HFD supplemented with allulose powder (AP) at 0.4 g/kg; (4) 60% HFD supplemented with allulose liquid (AL) at 0.4 g/kg; (5) 60% HFD supplemented with glucose (AL) at 0.4 g/kg. All the group received the product through oral gavage for 6 weeks. Control and HFD groups were gavaged with double-distilled water. Results: Rats receiving AP and AL showed reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation in HFD-fed rats. Also, supplementation of AL/AP regulated the cytokine secretion and recovered biochemical parameters to alleviate metabolic dysfunction and hepatic injury. Additionally, AL/AP administration improved adipocyte differentiation via regulation of the PPARγ and C/EBPα signaling pathway and adipogenesis-related genes owing to the combined effect of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. Furthermore, AL/AP treatment mediated PGC-1α expression triggering mitochondrial genesis via activating the AMPK phosphorylation and SIRT1 deacetylation activity in adipose tissue. Conclusion: The anti-adiposity activity of D-allulose is observed on a marked alleviation in adipogenesis and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α deacetylation in the adipose tissue of HFD-fed rat.

Hepatic alcohol clearance is a key factor to overcome alcohol hangovers, and over the period, alcohol hangovers may lead to inflammation and oxidative stress. Natural food products with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects might contribute to hepatic alcohol clearance, a hypothesis in this study. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of turmeric (Curcuma longa L., Zingiberaceae) is an herbal product having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, on alcohol metabolism using binge alcohol drinking rat model. In vivo investigations revealed that pretreatment with turmeric extract enhanced alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities upon binge ethanol (3 g/kg). Additionally, pretreatment with turmeric extract regulated CYP2E1 activity and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Bax, Bcl-2, and inflammatory mediators like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Moreover, turmeric extract upregulated superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in liver tissues. Together, these observations shed light on the potential beneficial effects of turmeric extract against acute liver toxicity. The results offer an alternative natural functional food product, turmeric extract, to prevent the negative implications of binge drinking.

Abstract The goal of this study was to fabricate bioactive cell‐laden biocomposites supplemented with bone‐derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) with calcium phosphate ceramic, and to assess the effect of the biocomponents on the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). By evaluating the rheological properties and selecting printing parameters, mechanically stable cell‐laden 3D biocomposites with high initial cell‐viability (>90%) and reasonable printability (≈0.9) were manufactured. The cytotoxicity of the biocomposites was evaluated via MTT assay and nuclei/F‐actin fluorescent analyses, while the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of the hDPSCs was assessed using histological and immunofluorescent analyses and various gene expressions. Alkaline phosphate activity and alizarin red staining results indicate that the dECM‐based biocomposites exhibit significantly higher osteogenic activities, including calcification, compared to the collagen‐based biocomposites. Furthermore, immunofluorescence images and gene expressions demonstrated upregulation of dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein‐1 and dentin sialophosphoprotein in the dECM‐based biocomposites, indicating acceleration of the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs in the printed biocomposites. The hDPSC‐laden biocomposite was implanted into the subcutaneous region of mice, and the biocomposite afforded clear induction of osteo/odontogenic ectopic hard tissue formation 8 weeks post‐transplantation. From these results, we suggest that the hDPSC‐laden biocomposite is a promising biomaterial for dental tissue engineering.

Objectives: The osteological paradox recognizes that the presence of lesions is not always directly related with increased mortality. When combined with the clinical, historical, and epidemiological literature on scurvy, survivorship analysis, a form of statistical analysis to assess the relationship between the presence of diseases in the archeological record and survival, helps determine the overall burden of the disease both in terms of morbidity and mortality. This article explores the relationship between scurvy and survivorship in 26 adults from Man Bac, a Neolithic site from northern Vietnam together with prepublished evidence of scurvy in the nonadult population (n = 44). Methods: Diagnosis of scurvy included differential diagnosis combined with the Snoddy, A. M. E., Buckley, H. R., Elliott, G. E., Standen, V. G., Arriaza, B. T., & Halcrow, S. E. (2018). Macroscopic features of scurvy in human skeletal remains: A literature synthesis and diagnostic guide. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 167(4), 876–895. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23699 threshold criteria and the Brickley, M. B., & Morgan, B. (2023). Assessing diagnostic certainty for scurvy and rickets in human skeletal remains. American Journal of Biological Anthropology, 181, 637–645 diagnostic certainty approaches. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were produced to assess the relationship between the presence of probable scurvy and age‐at‐death. Results: The prevalence of probable scurvy in adults (35%) was considerably lower than reported for the nonadults (80%). Almost all lesions observed in the adults were in a mixed stage of healing. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated no difference in survivorship between infants and children (<15 years) with or without probable scurvy, whereas a meaningful difference was observed for the adults and adolescents (15+ years). Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that scurvy considerably decreased survivorship to older age categories. The degree of lesion remodeling, however, indicates that scurvy was not necessarily the direct cause of death but contributed to an overall disease burden that was ultimately fatal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginger is a tropical plant widely grown in tropical and subtropical countries and used as a spice and traditional medicine in Asia, but its effectiveness against obesity and associated mechanisms have not been thoroughly studied. We investigated steamed ginger extract’s (SGE) potential anti-obesity effects in high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model. It was observed that HFD-fed mice showed low body weight gain and a significant decrease in epididymal fat and inguinal fat mass. Also, SGE inhibited serum hepatic enzymes and controlled lipid profile and adipokines in HFD-fed mice. In the white adipose tissues (WAT), morphological alteration and fatty acid synthesis genes such as SREBP1 and FAS were decreased by SGE supplementation. In the SGE-supplemented groups, whitening of brown adipose tissue (BAT) characterized by increased lipid deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction was inhibited, and there was a recovery of the reduced mitochondrial DNA and complex I and III enzyme activities and thermogenesis genes, including UCP1. In the liver and adipocyte tissues, hyper-nutrient condition-based mTOR-SREBP1-ER stress-induced ROS amplification leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, cellular-based pathological signaling for hepatic and adipocytic dysmetabolism is controlled by the SGE in which AMPK-SIRT1 is involved. To summarize, SGE significantly reduced liver steatosis and adipocyte metabolic deterioration with AMPK-SIRT-1 activation and ROS-linked interstitial disorders related to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial redox.

Obesity is a major health concern worldwide and adds woes to the quality of life. Several natural herbs have been shown protective effects against obesity. Here, we investigated the protective effect of Rhus verniciflua extract (IBF-R) against obesity and the underlying mechanism in obese mice. IBF-R alleviated body weight, liver weight as well as adipose tissue weight without altering food intake. IBF-R extract reduced lipogenesis and adipogenesis in liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). At the molecular level, AMPK-SIRT1 axis increased, and mTOR-SREBP1-ER stress axis decreased. In brown adipose tissue (BAT), IBF-R administration increased mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis markers like PGC1α and UCP1 via AMPK-SIRT1 signaling and mTOR-SREBP1-ER stress-mitochondrial function axis. Moreover, IBF-R influenced the recovery of PGC1α deacetylation via SIRT1 activation. These observations suggest that IBF-R protects against obesity by playing multiple modulatory roles in liver steatosis, adipocyte metabolism, and BAT function mediated by AMPK-SIRT1 axis and ROS regulating pathways.

This paper conducted an indepth assessment on the efficiency of the impacts of trade agreements on rice exports during the period from 2000 to 2015. Based on the secondary data published by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam and the World Bank, the study employed random boundary gravity model to quantify the capacity of Vietnam to exploit rice export potential when participating in trade agreements, or in other words, to estimate the inefficiency in operation of rice export activities of Vietnam under the impact of trade agreements. The results show that rice export activities have not promoted well (at a low level) the impact of the trade agreements that Vietnam has participated in and not all trade agreements have a trend to increase the capacity to exploit rice export potential. Since then, this study provides some recommendations to improve the impact of trade agreements on rice exports in developing countries including Vietnam.

This study was conducted to measure the level of economic linkage in key economic zones in central Vietnam generally and to measure the level of economic linkage in the tourism sector. Secondary data were collected from the Statistical Yearbook published by the General Statistics Office and the Local Bureau of Statistics and primary data collected from surveys of 102 hotels and tourism firms in the center of Vietnam. We used the Moran Index (I) to quantify overall economic aggregation across the region and that scoring method was used to measure the degree of linkage in regional tourism. The results show that the level of overall regional economic linkages was very low and this was also relevant when analyzing the tourism sector in some areas of the center of Vietnam. Based on the results, some recommendations are given for strengthening economic linkages in key economic regions of Vietnam.

Multilevel Inverters (MLIs) are widely sought after in medium-voltage applications like electric ships, electric aircraft, and renewable energy integration due to excellent advantages like lower device stress, better power quality, and modularity. However, non-sinusoidal excitations from MLIs pose a serious problem to motor-insulation and lead to their premature breakdown. This paper investigates stress in medium-voltage motor insulation when the stator winding is excited by 3-, 5-, and 7-level multilevel inverter output waveforms. The effect of firing angle on insulation stress is also studied for each of the multilevel inverters. Results show that in addition to the number of output voltage levels, PWM wave shape is a critical factor which affects the insulation stress. Both these factors work together to impact the insulation health. A strong correlation is shown between the increase in the voltage root mean square (RMS) value and increase in dielectric stress when ignoring the dv/dt impact for a fixed DC input voltage and operating frequency of the inverter. Similarly, the dielectric stress in the stator insulation increased with an increase in firing angle for each of the MLIs. This paper shows a potential that both the RMSs can be optimized to reduce the insulation stress and improve the power quality of MLIs in medium voltage drives.

Constipation is a common condition that affects individuals of all ages, and prolonged constipation needs to be prevented to avoid potential complications and reduce the additional stress on individuals with pre-medical conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat-inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum (HLp-nF1) on loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Constipation-induced male rats were treated orally with low to high doses of HLp-nF1 and an anti-constipation medication Dulcolax for five weeks. Study has 8 groups, control group; loperamide-treated group; Dulcolax-treated group; treatment with 3.2 × 1010, 8 × 1010 and 1.6 × 1011, cells/mL HLp-nF1; Loperamide + Dulcolax treated group. HLp-nF1 treated rats showed improvements in fecal pellet number, weight, water content, intestinal transit length, and contractility compared to the constipation-induced rats. Also, an increase in the intestine mucosal layer thickness and the number of mucin-producing crypt epithelial cells were observed in HLp-nF1-treated groups. Further, the levels of inflammatory cytokines levels were significantly downregulated by treatment with HLp-nF1 and Dulcolax. Notably, the metagenomics sequencing analysis demonstrated a similar genus pattern to the pre-preparation group and control with HLp-nF1 treatment. In conclusion, the administration of >3.2 × 1010 cells/mL HLp-nF1 has a positive impact on the constipated rats overall health.

Oxidative stress attributable to the activation of a Nox4-containing NADPH oxidase is involved in aging-associated vascular dysfunction. However, the Nox4-induced signaling mechanism for the vascular alteration in aging remains unclear. In an aged aorta, the expression of Nox4 mRNA and protein by Nox family of genes was markedly increased compared with a young aorta. Nox4 localization mainly to ER was also established. In the aorta of Nox4 WT mice aged 23–24 months (aged), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/oxidative stress were markedly increased compared with the counter KO mice. Furthermore, endothelial functions including eNOS coupling process and acetylcholine-induced vasodilation were significantly disturbed in the aged WT, slightly affected in the counter KO aorta. Consistently, in d-galactose-induced in vitro aging condition, ER-ROS and its associated ER Nox4 expression and activity were highly increased. Also, in chronic d-galactose-treated condition, IRE1α phosphorylation and XBP-1 splicing and were transiently increased, but IRE1α sulfonation was robustly increased in the aging Nox4 WT condition when compared to the counter KO condition. In vitro D-gal-induced aging study, the phenomenon were abrogated with Nox4 knock-down condition and was significantly decreased in GKT, Nox4 inhibitor and 4-PBA, ER chemical chaperone-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The state of Nox4-based ER redox imbalance/ROS accumulation is suggested to determine the pathway “the UPR; IRE1α phosphorylation and XBP-1 splicing and the UPR failure; IRE1α cysteine-based oxidation, especially sulfonation, finally controlling aging-associated vascular dysfunction.

One new labdane-type diterpenoid, 3β,15-dihydroxylabda-8(17),12E-dien-16,15-olide (1) named curcumatin and twelve known compounds, coronarin D (2), isocoronarin D (3), (E)-labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16-dial (4), zerumin A (5), (E)-labda-8(17),12-dien-15,16-dioic acid (6), furanodiene (7), linderazulene (8), zedoarol (9), zedoarondiol (10), germacrone-1,10-epoxide (11), germacrone-4,5-epoxide (12), and zingiberenol (13) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. Their structures were elucidated by 1D-, 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis, HR-ESI-MS, and comparing with the NMR data reported in the literature. Compounds 2, 5, and 13 significantly inhibited the nitric oxide production effect in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 values of 8.8 ± 1.7, 4.0 ± 0.9, and 6.2 ± 0.4 µM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large, 'complex' pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherer communities thrived in southern China and northern Vietnam, contemporaneous with the expansion of farming. Research at Con Co Ngua in Vietnam suggests that such hunter-gatherer populations shared characteristics with early farming communities: high disease loads, pottery, complex mortuary practices and access to stable sources of carbohydrates and protein. The substantive difference was in the use of domesticated plants and animals--effectively representing alternative responses to optimal climatic conditions. The work here suggests that the supposed correlation between farming and a decline in health may need to be reassessed. Keywords: Southeast Asia, Con Co Ngua, hunter-gatherers, domestication, paleopathology, Introduction Several sources of proxy data demonstrate that significant temperature rises (the Holocene Thermal Maximum) occurred between 11 000 and 5000 ya, peaking 7200-6000 ya in China, where surface temperatures [...]