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387 results on '"The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)"'

1. Cooperative adaptive cruise control over unreliable networks: an observer-based approach to increase robustness to packet loss

Author: Paolo Frasca, Francesco Acciani, Geert Heijenk, Elham Semsar-Kazerooni, Anton A. Stoorvogel, University of Twente [Netherlands], Networked Controlled Systems ( NECS ), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Département Automatique ( GIPSA-DA ), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique ( GIPSA-lab ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique ( GIPSA-lab ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research ( TNO ), Networked Controlled Systems (NECS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Département Automatique (GIPSA-DA), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), and University of Twente
Subjects: 0209 industrial biotechnology, Unreliable network, Adaptive control, Computer science, Wireless communications, Real-time computing, Observer-based, 02 engineering and technology, Cooperative adaptive cruise control, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Vehicle to vehicle communications, Packet loss, Robustness (computer science), [ SPI.AUTO ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, 0502 economics and business, Platoon stabilities, Wireless, Cruise control, 050210 logistics & transportation, Controllers, business.industry, Network packet, Digital controllers, 05 social sciences, Adaptive control systems, Adaptive cruise control, Platoon of vehicles, Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control, Mobile telecommunication systems, Platoon, business, Robustness (control systems)
Abstract: Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) is nowadays a promising technique to increase highway through-put, safety and comfort for vehicles. Enabled by wireless communication, CACC allows a platoon of vehicles to achieve better performance than Adaptive Cruise Control; however, since wireless is employed, problems related to unreliability arise. In this paper, we design a digital controller to achieve platoon stability, enhanced by an observer to increase robustness against packet losses. A preliminary set of simulation results is presented, which confirms the interest of using an observer in combination with a local and cooperative digital controller. Â© 2018 European Control Association (EUCA).
Published: 2018

2. Global Atmospheric δ13CH4 and CH4 Trends for 2000–2020 from the Atmospheric Transport Model TM5 Using CH4 from Carbon Tracker Europe–CH4 Inversions

Author: Mannisenaho, Vilma, Tsuruta, Aki, Backman, Leif, Houweling, Sander, Segers, Arjo, Krol, Maarten, Saunois, Marielle, Poulter, Benjamin, Zhang, Zhen, Lan, Xin, Dlugokencky, Edward, Michel, Sylvia, White, James, Aalto, Tuula, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht] (IMAU), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Earth Science System Interdisciplinary Center [College Park] (ESSIC), College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), and University of North Carolina System (UNC)
Subjects: S, A. Krol, M. Saunois, M, Poulter, M. Poulter, Backman, A, X. et al methane isotopes atmospheric modelling, Krol, Z, X, atmospheric modelling, isotopes, Segers, V, Saunois, Houweling, L, et al methane, V. Tsuruta, S. Segers, A. Backman, B, Zhang, Mannisenaho, Lan, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Z. Lan, B. Zhang, Tsuruta, L. Houweling
Abstract: This study investigates atmospheric δ 13 CH 4 trends, as produced by a global atmospheric transport model using CH 4 inversions from CarbonTracker-Europe CH 4 for 2000-2020, and compares them to observations. The CH 4 inversions include the grouping of the emissions both by δ 13 CH 4 isotopic signatures and process type to investigate the effect, and to estimate the CH 4 magnitudes and model CH 4 and δ 13 CH 4 trends. In addition to inversion results, simulations of the global atmospheric transport model were performed with modified emissions. The estimated global CH 4 trends for oil and gas were found to increase more than coal compared to the priors from 2000-2006 to 2007-2020. Estimated trends for coal emissions at 30 • N-60 • N are less than 50% of those from priors. Estimated global CH 4 rice emissions trends are opposite to priors, with the largest contribution from the EQ to 60 • N. The results of this study indicate that optimizing wetland emissions separately produces better agreement with the observed δ 13 CH 4 trend than optimizing all biogenic emissions simultaneously. This study recommends optimizing separately biogenic emissions with similar isotopic signature to wetland emissions. In addition, this study suggests that fossil-based emissions were overestimated by 9% after 2012 and biogenic emissions are underestimated by 8% in the inversion using EDGAR v6.0 as priors.
Published: 2023

3. Machine Learning for Service Migration: A Survey

Author: Nassima Toumi, Miloud Bagaa, Adlen Ksentini, Eurecom [Sophia Antipolis], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), CSC - IT Center for Science Ltd, and European Project: 857031,5G!Drones
Subjects: [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract: Future communication networks are envisioned to satisfy increasingly granular and dynamic requirements to accommodate the application and user demands. Indeed, novel immersive and mission-critical services necessitate increased computing and network resources, reduced communication latency, and guaranteed reliability. Thus, efficient and adaptive resource management schemes are required to provide and maintain sufficient levels of Quality of Experience (QoE) during the service life-cycle. Service migration is considered a key enabler of dynamic service orchestration. Indeed, moving services on demand is an efficient mechanism for user mobility support, load balancing in case of fluctuations in service demands, and hardware failure mitigation. However, service migration requires planning, as multiple parameters must be optimized to reduce service disruption to a minimum. Recent breakthroughs in computational capabilities allowed the emergence of Machine Learning as a tool for decision making that is expected to enable seamless automation of network resource management by predicting events and learning optimal decision policies. This paper surveys contributions applying Machine Learning (ML) methods to optimize service migration, providing a detailed literature review on recent advances in the field and establishing a classification of current research efforts with an analysis of their strengths and limitations. Finally, the paper provides insights on the main directions for future research.
Published: 2023

4. How to use human biomonitoring in chemical risk assessment: Methodological aspects, recommendations, and lessons learned from HBM4EU

Author: Tiina Santonen, Selma Mahiout, Paula Alvito, Petra Apel, Jos Bessems, Wieneke Bil, Teresa Borges, Stephan Bose-O'Reilly, Jurgen Buekers, Ana Isabel Cañas Portilla, Argelia Castaño Calvo, Mercedes de Alba González, Noelia Domínguez-Morueco, Marta Esteban López, Ingrid Falnoga, Antje Gerofke, María del Carmen González Caballero, Milena Horvat, Pasi Huuskonen, Normunds Kadikis, Marike Kolossa-Gehring, Rosa Lange, Henriqueta Louro, Carla Martins, Matthieu Meslin, Lars Niemann, Susana Pedraza Díaz, Veronika Plichta, Simo P. Porras, Christophe Rousselle, Bernice Scholten, Maria João Silva, Zdenka Šlejkovec, Janja Snoj Tratnik, Agnes Šömen Joksić, Jose V. Tarazona, Maria Uhl, An Van Nieuwenhuyse, Susana Viegas, Anne Marie Vinggaard, Marjolijn Woutersen, Greet Schoeters, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies [Aveiro] (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Directorate-General of Health [Lisbonne], Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology [Tirol] (UMIT), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Health Inspectorate (VI), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment [Berlin] (BfR), Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), TNO Centre for Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), National Institute of Public Health ( NIJZ), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Umweltbundesamt GmbH = Environment Agency Austria, Laboratoire National de Santé [Luxembourg] (LNS), National Food Institute [Kongens Lyngby, Danemark], Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), University of Antwerp (UA), and European Project: 733032,H2020,HBM4EU(2017)
Subjects: HBM4EU, MESH: Humans, Environmental burden of disease, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Exposure biomarkers, MESH: Risk Assessment, Human biomonitoring, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, MESH: Biological Monitoring, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Human medicine, Chemicals, MESH: Mercury, MESH: Policy, MESH: Environmental Monitoring, Risk assessment
Abstract: International audience; One of the aims of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative, HBM4EU, was to provide examples of and good practices for the effective use of human biomonitoring (HBM) data in human health risk assessment (RA). The need for such information is pressing, as previous research has indicated that regulatory risk assessors generally lack knowledge and experience of the use of HBM data in RA. By recognising this gap in expertise, as well as the added value of incorporating HBM data into RA, this paper aims to support the integration of HBM into regulatory RA. Based on the work of the HBM4EU, we provide examples of different approaches to including HBM in RA and in estimations of the environmental burden of disease (EBoD), the benefits and pitfalls involved, information on the important methodological aspects to consider, and recommendations on how to overcome obstacles. The examples are derived from RAs or EBoD estimations made under the HBM4EU for the following HBM4EU priority substances: acrylamide, o-toluidine of the aniline family, aprotic solvents, arsenic, bisphenols, cadmium, diisocyanates, flame retardants, hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], lead, mercury, mixture of per-/poly-fluorinated compounds, mixture of pesticides, mixture of phthalates, mycotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the UV-filter benzophenone-3. Although the RA and EBoD work presented here is not intended to have direct regulatory implications, the results can be useful for raising awareness of possibly needed policy actions, as newly generated HBM data from HBM4EU on the current exposure of the EU population has been used in many RAs and EBoD estimations.
Published: 2023

5. HiPEAC Vision 2023: High Performance Embedded Architecture And Compilation

Author: Duranton, Marc, Bosschere, Koen De, Coppens, Bart, Gamrat, Christian, Gray, Madeleine, Hoberg, Thomas, Munk, Harm, Robinson, Charles, Vardanega, Tullio, Zendra, Olivier, Département Systèmes et Circuits Intégrés Numériques (DSCIN), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Electronics and Information Systems - Ghent University (ELIS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Atos Worldline, Atos, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), THALES [France], Dipartimento di Matematica Pura e Applicata [Padova], Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Diversity-centric Software Engineering (DiverSe), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-LANGAGE ET GÉNIE LOGICIEL (IRISA-D4), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and European Project: 871174,HiPEAC
Subjects: roadmapping, computing, [INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Abstract: International audience; The focus of the HiPEAC Vision 2023 is that we are in races, both against time and with the rest of the world.Technology never stands still. The last few years have once again seen rapid, profound changes across the world, both from the technological point of view – with impressive advances in artificial intelligence – and from the geopolitical point of view, where technology is increasingly seen as a strategic asset.Different world regions are competing for leadership in several areas. Competition between the United States (US) and China in the technology and artificial intelligence (AI) domains is particularly fierce, and it is becoming more intense. This creates a threat to Europe, but at the same time an opportunity. The recent changeof ownership and leadership at Twitter is also a wake-up call for Europe. Many of the essential services the European society depends on run on platforms that are not controlled by Europe. This creates vulnerability in the event of conflict, comparable to European dependency on Russian energy. These are just the evolutions of the last year.Change is taking place so fast that it is also having an impact on the HiPEAC Vision: updating it every two years is no longer sufficient to keep up with the speed of the evolution of computing systems. Therefore, from now on, there will be a HiPEAC Vision every year. The speed of the evolution has also inspired the editorial board to present the challenges of our community as six leadership races: for the “next web”, for AI, for innovative hardware solutions, for cybersecurity, for digital sovereignty, and for sustainability solutions.Structurally, the HiPEAC Vision 2023 has two parts:- A set of recommendations for the HiPEAC community at large. - A set of articles written by experts and grouped into six chapters each describing one “global leadership race”.We encourage you to read the complete document, but to clearly understand the recommendations, the reader should read at least the following section “The drivers of the HiPEAC Vision 2023” and the “Key recommendations of the HiPEAC Vision 2023”.The HiPEAC Vision will be available on the HiPEAC website, with easy access to each article, and to the consolidated version. The consolidated version of the Vision will also be printed and distributed, as with previous editions
Published: 2023

6. Varying gestational age patterns in caesarean delivery : an international comparison

Author: Delnord, Marie, Blondel, Béatrice, Drewniak, Nicolas, Klungsøyr, Kari, Bolumar, Francisco, Mohangoo, Ashna D., Gissler, Mika, Szamotulska, Katarzyna, Lack, Nicholas, Nijhuis, Jan, Velebil, Petr, Sakkeus, Luule, Chalmers, James, Zeitlin, Jennifer, Haidinger, Gerald, Martens, Gerald, Misselwitz, Björn, Wenzlaff, Paul, Bonham, Sheelagh, Jaselioniene, Jone, Gatt, Miriam, Barros, Henrique, Novak, Ziva, Gottvall, Karin, Euro-Peristat Preterm Group, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Global Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen (UIB), Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH)-National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Department of Public Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH)-CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Department Child Health, Information Services Division of NHS National Services Scotland, 1 South Gyle Crescent, Edinburgh-The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Information, Nordic School of Public Health-National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Epidemiology, NHV Nordic School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, National Research Institute of Mother and Child, Department of Methods and Perinatology, BAQ, Bavarian Institute for Quality Assurance, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Grow school for oncology and developmental biology-Maastricht UMC, Perinatal Center, Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Estonian Institute for Population Studies, Tallinn University, Information Services Division, NHS National Services Scotland, This analysis was partially funded by a grant to the Euro-Peristat project from the European Commission (2010 13 01)., MUMC+: MA Obstetrie Gynaecologie (3), Obstetrie & Gynaecologie, RS: GROW - Developmental Biology, RS: GROW - R4 - Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, University of Bergen (UiB), Dupuis, Christine, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)-Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7) - Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Université Paris 13 - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Norwegian Institute of Public Health - THL National Institute for Health and Welfare, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) - Université d'Alcalá de Henares, Information Services Division of NHS National Services Scotland, 1 South Gyle Crescent, Edinburgh - The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Nordic School of Public Health - THL National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Grow school for oncology and developmental biology - Maastricht UMC
Subjects: Newborn infants, Euro-Peristat, VDP::Medisinske fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Epidemiologi medisinsk og odontologisk statistikk: 803, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cross-national comparisons, reproductive and urinary physiology, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Obstetrics, Singleton, Vaginal delivery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gestational age, Childbirth -- Case studies, 3. Good health, Europe, Plurality, Mode of delivery, Gestation, Term Birth, Premature Birth, Female, Pregnancy, Multiple, VDP::Midical sciences: 700::Health sciences: 800::Epidemiology, medical and dental statistics: 803, Live birth, Live Birth, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Plurality, Reproductive medicine, Infant, Postmature, Cesarean delivery (CD), 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Humans, Gynecology, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, business.industry, Cesarean Section, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, United States, Mode of delivery, business, Cesarean section
Abstract: Background: While international variations in overall cesarean delivery rates are well documented, less information is available for clinical sub-groups. Cesarean data presented by subgroups can be used to evaluate uptake of cesarean reduction policies or to monitor delivery practices for high and low risk pregnancies based on new scientific evidence. We studied differences and patterns in cesarean delivery rates by multiplicity and gestational age in Europe and the United States.Methods: This study used routine aggregate data from 17 European countries and the United States on the number of singleton and multiple live births with cesarean versus vaginal delivery by week of gestation in 2008. Overall and gestation-specific cesarean delivery rates were analyzed. We computed rate differences to compare mode of delivery (cesarean vs vaginal birth) between selected gestational age groups and studied associations between rates in these subgroups namely: very preterm (26-31 weeks GA), moderate preterm (32-36 weeks GA), near term (37-38 weeks GA), term (39-41 weeks GA) and post-term (42+ weeks GA) births, using Spearman's rank tests.Results: High variations in cesarean rates for singletons and multiples were observed everywhere. Rates for singletons varied from 15% in The Netherlands and Slovenia, to over 30% in the US and Germany. In singletons, rates were highest for very preterm births and declined to a nadir at 40 weeks of gestation, ranging from 8.0% in Sweden and Norway, to 22.5% in the US. These patterns differed across countries; the average rate difference between very preterm and term births was 43 percentage points, but ranged from 14% to 61%. High variations in rate differences were also observed for near term versus term births. For multiples, rates declined by gestational age in some countries, whereas in others rates were similar across all weeks of gestation. Countries' overall cesarean rates were highly correlated with gestation-specific subgroup rates, except for very preterm births.Conclusions: Gestational age patterns in cesarean delivery were heterogeneous across countries; these differences highlight areas where consensus on best practices is lacking and could be used in developing strategies to reduce cesareans., peer-reviewed
Published: 2014

7. Enhancement of Penetration of Millimeter Waves by Field Focusing Applied to Breast Cancer Detection

Author: I. Iliopoulos, Marco Pasian, Ronan Sauleau, Maxim Zhadobov, Simona Di Meo, Mauro Ettorre, Luca Perregrini, Patrick Potier, Philippe Pouliguen, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Università degli Studi di Pavia, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Délégation générale de l'armement (DGA), Ministère de la Défense, University of Pavia, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, French Region of Brittany Ministry of Higher Education and Research, Rennes Mtropole and Conseil Dpartemental 35, European Union European Regional Development Fund, Direction Genrale de lArmement, Italian Association for Cancer Research and the European Institute of Oncology, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Diagnostic Imaging, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs, Acoustics, Electromagnetic power, Radial Line Slot Arrays, Physics::Medical Physics, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Breast Neoplasms, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 02 engineering and technology, Lossy compression, Breast cancer, Breast Cancer, medicine, Humans, Breast, Physics, Phantoms, Imaging, Millimeter Waves, Penetration (firestop), Experimental validation, medicine.disease, 020601 biomedical engineering, Convex optimization, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph], Female, Millimeter, Near-Field Optimization, Electromagnetic Phenomena, Microwave Imaging
Abstract: International audience; Objective - The potentialities of improving the penetration of millimeter waves for breast cancer imaging are here explored. Methods - A field focusing technique based on a convex optimization method is proposed, capable of increasing the field level inside a breast-emulating stratification. Results - The theoretical results are numerically validated via the design and simulation of two circularly polarized antennas. The experimental validation of the designed antennas, using tissue-mimicking phantoms, is provided, being in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Conclusion - The possibility of focusing, within a lossy medium, the electromagnetic power at millimeter-wave frequencies is demonstrated. Significance - Field focusing can be a key for using millimeter waves for breast cancer detection.
Published: 2021

8. Strategic Research Agenda for Urban Mobility

Author: Sabine Avril, Sandra Bozzani-Franc, Alain L'Hostis, Francesca Pico, Jacques Bize, Roland Cotte, Marie-Odile Gascon, Jacques Nouvier, Hubert Treve, François Rambaud, Laurent Franckx, Yves Amsler, Ulrich Weber, Barbara Lenz, Claudia Nobis, Anne Klein-Hitpass, Steffen Barthel, Bart Egeter, Dietmar Wurzel, Caroline Alméras, Sylvain Haon, Karen Vancluysen, Gerd-Axel Ahrens, Anne Pitrone, Jeannette Klotsch, European Metropolitan Transport Authorities (EMTA), EMTA, Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport (LVMT ), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Associazione Trasporti (ASSTRA), ASSTRA, Centre d'études sur les réseaux, les transports, l'urbanisme et les constructions publiques (CERTU), Avant création Cerema, Centre d'Etudes sur les Réseaux, les Transports et l'Urbanisme, Ministère de l'écologie de l'Energie, du Développement durable et de l'Aménagement du territoire, Union Internationale des Transports Publics (UITP), UITP, German Aerospace Center (DLR), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), European Conference of Transport Research Institutes (ECTRI), ECTRI, Promotion of Operational Links with Integrated Services (POLIS), POLIS, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), European Project: 34112,EURFORUM, L'Hostis, Alain, European Research Forum for Urban Mobility - EURFORUM - 34112 - OLD, European Metropolitan Transport Authorities ( EMTA ), Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport ( LVMT ), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée ( UPEM ) -École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ), Associazione Trasporti ( ASSTRA ), Centre d'études sur les réseaux, les transports, l'urbanisme et les constructions publiques ( CERTU ), Union Internationale des Transports Publics ( UITP ), German Aerospace Center ( DLR ), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research ( TNO ), European Conference of Transport Research Institutes ( ECTRI ), Promotion of Operational Links with Integrated Services ( POLIS ), Technische Universität Dresden ( TUD ), European Project : 34112,EURFORUM, and Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)
Subjects: [ SHS.ARCHI ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, urban mobility, research agenda, transport, [SHS.ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management
Abstract: EURFORUM's Strategic Research Agenda addresses research issues in the particular field of urban transport considering all transport modes and focusing on intermodality for both passenger and freight transport. Technology-oriented as well as policy-oriented research is considered. The focus is directed on urban issues, including the transport between an agglomeration and its surroundings. EURFORUM's SRA relies on the conviction that holistic and interdisciplinary research is the most adequate approach to solve the problems identified in the area of urban transport. Additionally, special attention is paid to urban mobility changes in newly associated States (EU-12). The overall objectives of EURFORUM are to better structure and to better coordinate European research on urban mobility for passengers and goods, by involving all relevant urban mobility stakeholders in the discussion.
Published: 2007

9. Blueprint for the Development and Sustainability of National Nanosafety Centers

Author: Wouter Fransman, Neeraj Shandilya, Effie Marcoulaki, Sven Vercauteren, Anna-Kaisa Viitanen, Eric Johansson Salazar-Sandoval, Hilda Witters, Christophe Bressot, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek [Mol] (VITO), Research Institutes of Sweden, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, and Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)
Subjects: STAKEHOLDER CONCERNS, medicine.medical_specialty, Civil society, Organizational architecture, Sociology and Political Science, 02 engineering and technology, SUSTAINABILITY, History and Philosophy of Science, Blueprint, ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS, Management of Technology and Innovation, Political science, 0502 economics and business, medicine, Philosophy of technology, business.industry, Public health, 05 social sciences, Stakeholder, Public relations, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Philosophy, Work (electrical), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sustainability, ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN, NANOSAFETY CENTER, 0210 nano-technology, business, 050203 business & management, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: This work presents a blueprint or set of guidelines for the planning and development of sustainable national centers dealing with the safety of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies toward public health and environment. The blueprint was developed following a methodological approach of EU-wide online survey and workshop with several stakeholders. The purpose was to identify the key elements and challenges in the development and sustainability of a national nanosafety center. The responses were received from representatives of 16 national nanosafety centers across Europe and 44 people from 18 EU member states who represented the stakeholder groups of researchers, academics, industry, regulators, civil society, and consultants. By providing an overview of the organizational design of existing national nanosafety centers across EU and converging demands in the field of nanosafety, the blueprint principally benefits those EU member states who do not have a national nanosafety center, but intend to develop an entity to manage the human health, environmental, ethical, and social concerns/risks toward the growing nationwide activities on engineered nanomaterials, e.g., their production, use or disposal, at national level.
Published: 2020

10. EA Wind TCP Task 29, Phase IV: Detailed Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines

Author: Schepers, Gerard, Boorsma, Koen, Madsen, H.A., Pirrung, G.R., Bangga, G., Guma, Giorgia, Lutz, Thorsten, Potentier, Thomas, BRAUD, Caroline, Guilmineau, Emmanuel, u, A. Croce, S. Cacciola, A. P. Scha arczyk, B. A. Lobo, S. Ivanell, H. Asmuth, F. Bertagnolio, N.N. Srensen, W. Z. Shen, C. Grinderslev, A. M. Forsting, F. Blondel, P. Bozonnet, R. Boisard, K. Yassin, L. Honing, B. Stoevesandt, M. Imiela, L. Greco, C. Testa, F. Magionesi, G. Vijayakumar, S. Ananthan, M. A. Sprague, E. Branlard, J. Jonkman, M. Carrion, S. Parkinson, E. Cicirel, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], ON TE PD5X LACS LC LOADS Department, Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy (RDT Engineers), 7330 Brande, Denmark, Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Engie-Green - Nantes, and Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB)
Subjects: [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment
Abstract: International audience; This report describes the final results of the fourth phase of IEA TCP Wind Task 29. The project period of this fourth phase was from January 1 st 2018 until December 31 st 2020. It was the follow-up of three former IEA Task 29 phases (often denoted as Mexnext-I to Mexnext-III). In all phases wind turbine aerodynamic models were validated and improved with detailed aerodynamic measurements. In these detailed aerodynamic experiments pressure distributions at different locations along the rotor blades are measured anyhow where measurements of e.g. inflow velocities and boundary layer transition are very nice to know. The first three phases were mainly built around wind tunnel measurements on a small scale wind turbine with rotor diameter of 4.5 meter from the (New) Mexico project but the present phase was built around field measurements from the DanAero experiment.This DanAero experiment was carried out at atmospheric field conditions on a 2MW turbine by Danish Technical University DTU and 4 industrial partners (LM Glassfiber, Siemens WindPower, Vestas and Dong Energy) in 2 periods from 2007 until 2010 and from 2010 until 2013. Amongst others surface pressures and inflow velocities were measured at four sections along a blade and a row of surface flush mounted microphones was installed at the outer part ofthe blade. In IEA Task29 Phase IV the DanAero data were made available to the IEA Task 29 participants which enabled a detailed analysis in a collaborative action. Amongst others a critical scrutinising of data took place with subsequent further improvement of measurement quality. Moreover the measurements were used as validation material for the many design models which are available in the consortium. A wide variety of models could be considered ranging from high fidelity (but time consuming) CFD to lower fidelity but efficient engineering models. Intermediate methods (e.g. free wake methods) were applied as well. Several calculational rounds were carried out where calculations were compared with measurements. Amongst others a case was defined at simple steady and axi-symmetric conditions close to a measurement case with little shear and little yaw but also measurement cases at high yaw and high shear were simulated. Moreover the level of detail from the DanAero experiment allowed an in-depth analysis of several wind turbine aerodynamic aspects, e.g. Aerodynamic response to turbulent inflow; Sheared inflow; 2D/3D aerodynamics;Aeroelastic effectsTransition characteristics in realistic flow conditions;Acoustics. The project was carried out by a consortium which consisted of research groups and industries from 9 different countries China: Chinese Wind Energy Association, CWEA Denmark: Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Siemens-Gamesa Renewable Energy France: IFPEn, LHEEA lab - Centrale Nantes/CNRS, ONERA, EDFGermany: ForWind/Fraunhofer IWES, Kiel University of Applied Sciences, University of Stuttgart, WindNovation, Enercon Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., DLR University of Applied Sciences EmdenItaly: PoliMi, RSE, CNR - INMNetherlands: TNO Energy Transition (formerly ECN, Operating Agent), Delft University of Technology, TUDelft, DNV-GL Suzlon Blade Technology, SBT, CWI, LM and University of Twente, UTwenteItaly: PoliMi, RSE, CNR - INMSweden: Uppsala University, Campus GotlandSwitzerland: UAS RapperswilUSA: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL
Published: 2021

11. Developing a simple method for the evaluation of redox conditions in superficial groundwater at the Pan European Union scale

Author: Gourcy, Laurence, Pinson, Stephanie, Ascott, Matthew, Hinsby, Klaus, Thorling, Laerke, Broers, Hans Peter, Van Vliet, Mariëlle, Borozdins, Davis, Baena, Leticia, Pulido, David, Zornoza Gomez, Juan De Dios, Heracleous, Theodosia, Christofi, Christos, Larva, Ozren, Urbanc, Janko, Cerrar, Sonja, Kabza, Monica, Tedd, Katie, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), British Geological Survey (BGS), Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Latvian Environment Geology and Meteorology Centre (LEGMC), Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Cyprus Geological Survey, Hrvatski Geološki Institut - Croatian Geological Survey (HGI), Geological Survey of Slovenia, and Geological Survey of Ireland
Subjects: [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

12. Sea-Spray-Generation Dependence on Wind and Wave Combinations: A Laboratory Study

Author: William Bruch, Jacques Piazzola, Christopher Luneau, Denis Bourras, Hubert Branger, Gilles Tedeschi, Alexander M. J. van Eijk, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)
Subjects: Physics, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Jet (fluid), Air-sea interaction, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010505 oceanography, Flux, Breaking wave, Friction velocity cubed, Radius, Mechanics, Sea spray, 01 natural sciences, Wind speed, Wave-slope variance, Sea-spray generation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Shear velocity, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Phase velocity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We investigate the effects of wind–wave interactions on the surface sea-spray-generation flux. To this end, the Marine Aerosol Tunnel Experiment (MATE2019) was conducted at the Pytheas Institute large wave–wind facility in Luminy (Marseille, France) over the period June–July 2019. A unique range of air–sea boundary conditions was generated by configuring the laboratory with four types of wave forcing and five wind speeds spanning 8–20 m s $$^{-1}$$ . Young and developed waves were included, with wave ages between 1.3 and 9.5 (defined in terms of phase speed and friction velocity). Vertical sea-spray-concentration profiles measured over the 0.1–47.5 $$\upmu $$ m radius range and a flux–profile method allowed estimation of the sea-spray-generation flux. Results show that the flux increases for increased wind-induced wave breaking, and is highest for steep and heavily-breaking waves. Scaling analysis shows that the sea-spray generation is best correlated with the wave-slope variance for larger droplets (20 $$\upmu $$ m and above, assumed predominantly spume droplets generated by surface tearing). For smaller droplets (7–20 $$\upmu $$ m, presumed predominantly jet droplets generated by bubble bursting), the highest correlation is found with a non-dimensional number combining the wave-slope variance with the friction velocity cubed. This is reflected in the formulation of two wave-state-dependent sea-spray-generation functions, each valid for wind speeds 12–20 m s $$^{-1}$$ and droplet radii 3–35 $$\upmu $$ m, thereby covering jet and spume droplet production.
Published: 2021

13. Wind and Wave Dependent Sea Spray Generation Functions - From the Laboratory to the Field

Author: Bruch, William, Piazzola, Jacques, Branger, Hubert, A Van Eijk, Luneau, Christopher, Limoges Alix, Yohia, Christophe, Bourras, Denis, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Branger, Hubert, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

14. MAKING ADAPTIVE OPTICS AVAILABLE TO ALL: A CONCEPT FOR 1M-CLASS TELESCOPES

Author: Olivier Lai, Stefan Kuiper, Niek J. Doelman, Mark R. Chun, Dirk Schmidt, Frantz Martinache, Marcel Carbillet, Mamadou N'Diaye, Jean-Pierre Rivet, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), and SF2A
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], wide field imaging, adaptive optics, GLAO
Abstract: International audience; Adaptive optics is challenging for smaller telescopes (0.5∼2m) due to the small isoplanatic angle, small subperatures and high correction speeds needed at visible wavelengths, requiring bright stars for guiding and thus severely limiting the sky coverage. To enable large sky coverage we can correct the turbulence which is common to the entire field we are trying to capture, which is achieved by the technique of GLAO (Ground Layer Adaptive Optics). The turbulence is measured by averaging wavefront measurements in multiple directions. The corrective element can either be a deformable lens or a small adaptive secondary mirror. The motivation to develop such a compact and robust AO system for small telescopes is twofold: On the one hand, schools and universities often have access to small telescopes as part of their education programs. Also researchers in countries with fewer resources could also benefit from well engineered and reliable adaptive optics on smaller telescopes for research and education purposes. On the other hand, amateur astronomers and enthusiasts might want improved image quality for visual observation and astrophotography.
Published: 2021

15. Strategies for assessing the impact of loss to follow-up on estimates of neurodevelopmental impairment in a very preterm cohort at 2 years of age

Author: Piedvache, Aurélie, van Buuren, Stef, Barros, Henrique, Ribeiro, Ana, Draper, Elizabeth, Zeitlin, Jennifer, Equipe 1 : EPOPé - Épidémiologie Obstétricale, Périnatale et Pédiatrique (CRESS - U1153), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Utrecht University [Utrecht], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto [Porto, Portugal] (ISPUP), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, University of Leicester, EPICE Research group: E Martens, G Martens, P Van Reempts, K Boerch, A Hasselager, L D Huusom, O Pryds, T Weber, L Toome, H Varendi, Ile-de France, P Y Ancel, B Blondel, A Burguet, P H Jarreau, P Truffert, R F Maier, B Misselwitz, S Schmidt, L Gortner, D Baronciani, G Gargano, R Agostino, D DiLallo, F Franco, V Carnielli, C Koopman-Esseboom, A van Heijst, J Nijman, J Gadzinowski, J Mazela, L M Graça, M C Machado, Carina Rodrigues, T Rodrigues, A K Bonamy, M Norman, E Wilson E Boyle, E S Draper, B N Manktelow, A C Fenton, D W A Milligan, J Zeitlin, M Bonet, A Piedvache, Malbec, Odile, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidade do Porto, and Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Portugal, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neurodevelopment, Infant, Newborn, Delta method, Gestational Age, Loss to follow-up, Preterm births, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Cohort Studies, Pregnancy, Child, Preschool, Infant, Extremely Premature, Multiple imputation, Humans, Female, Inverse probability weighting, Research Article, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background Loss to follow-up is a major challenge for very preterm (VPT) cohorts; attrition is associated with social disadvantage and parents with impaired children may participate less in research. We investigated the impact of loss to follow-up on the estimated prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairment in a VPT cohort using different methodological approaches. Methods This study includes births
Published: 2021

16. Towards FAIR nanosafety data

Author: Vesselina Paskaleva, Nicolas Manier, Vedrin Jeliazkov, Penny Nymark, Keld Alstrup Jensen, Peter Ritchie, Maria Dusinska, Nicklas Raun Jacobsen, Pekka Kohonen, Margarita D. Apostolova, Nikolay Kochev, Elise Rundén-Pran, Isabel Rodríguez Llopis, Agnieszka Mech, Naouale El Yamani, Andrea Haase, Cristina Andreoli, Isabella De Angelis, Speranta Tanasescu, Aurica Precupas, Flavia Barone, Chiara Laura Battistelli, Kirsten Rasmussen, Tomasz Puzyn, José María Navas, Roland C. Grafström, Daniela Gheorghe, Cecilia Bossa, Maciej Gromelski, Paloma Gómez-Fernández, Espen Mariussen, Alina Botea-Petcu, Anna Giusti, Andrew Barrick, Romica Sandu, Neeraj Shandilya, Nina Jeliazkova, Amélie Châtel, European Commission, Jeliazkova, Nina, Apostolova, Margarita D., Andreoli, Cristina, Barone, Flavia, Barrick, Andrew, Battistelli, Chiara, Bossa, Cecilia, Châtel, Amélie, De Angelis, Isabella, Dusinska, Maria, El Yamani, Naouale, Gheorghe, Daniela, Giusti, Anna, Gómez-Fernández, Paloma, Jeliazkov, Vedrin, Jensen, Keld Alstrup, Gromelski, Maciej, Jacobsen, Nicklas Raun, Kochev, Nikolay, Kohonen, Pekka, Manier, Nicolas, Mariussen, Espen, Navas, José María, Paskaleva, Vesselina, Precupas, Aurica, Puzyn, Tomasz, Llopis, Isabel Rodríguez, Rundén-Pran, Elise, Sandu, Romica, Shandilya, Neeraj, Tanasescu, Speranta, Nymark, Penny, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), and The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)
Subjects: Human toxicity, Guiding Principles, Computer science, Global investments, Interoperability, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Reuse, 010402 general chemistry, Collaborative projects, Ecotoxicological, 01 natural sciences, Sustainable nanotechnologies, Enabling technologies, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lagging, 9. Industry and infrastructure, Guiding principles, Findability, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Data science, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Key (cryptography), Data interfaces, 0210 nano-technology, Exposure data
Abstract: 13 Pág. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Nanotechnology is a key enabling technology with billions of euros in global investment from public funding, which include large collaborative projects that have investigated environmental and health safety aspects of nanomaterials, but the reuse of accumulated data is clearly lagging behind. Here we summarize challenges and provide recommendations for the efficient reuse of nanosafety data, in line with the recently established FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) guiding principles. We describe the FAIR-aligned Nanosafety Data Interface, with an aggregated findability, accessibility and interoperability across physicochemical, bio-nano interaction, human toxicity, omics, ecotoxicological and exposure data. Overall, we illustrate a much-needed path towards standards for the optimized use of existing data, which avoids duplication of efforts, and provides a multitude of options to promote safe and sustainable nanotechnology., The work leading to this article has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme, Grant Agreements no. 646221 (NanoReg2, 2015–2019), no. 814401 (Gov4Nano, 2019–2022) and no. 814425 (RiskGONE 2019–2023). In addition, the European Union’s 7th Framework Programme projects NANoREG (2013–2017, Grant Agreement no. 310584), NanoTEST (2008–2012, no. 201335) and ENPRA (2009–2012, no. 228789), the European Union’s Health Programme Joint Action project NANOGENOTOX (2010–2013, no. 2009 21 01) and the US NIH NCI caNanoLab portal are acknowledged for providing data
Published: 2021

17. Near well-bore sealing in the Bečej CO2 reservoir: Field tests of a silicate based sealant

Author: Bernd Wiese, Dusan Karas, Robert Drysdale, Aleksandar Patrnogic, Inge Manfred Carlsen, C. Hofstee, Ivan Basic, Cornelia Schmidt-Hattenberger, Jens Wollenweber, Jafar Abdollahi, Marc Fleury, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), University of Novi Sad, PRORES, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), SINTEF Technology and Society, Stiftelsen for INdustriell og TEknisk Forskning Digital [Trondheim] (SINTEF Digital), and European Project: 608608,EC:FP7:ENERGY,FP7-ENERGY-2013-1,MIRECOL(2014)
Subjects: Petroleum engineering, Environmental remediation, Silica gel, Sealant, Mixing (process engineering), [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Silicate, Viscosity, Permeability (earth sciences), chemistry.chemical_compound, General Energy, 020401 chemical engineering, chemistry, Environmental science, 0204 chemical engineering, Porosity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A silica gel was applied in a porous gas reservoir, with the purpose of testing mitigation and remediation of CO 2 leakage from geological storage reservoirs. The gel has a high strength and a very low water-like viscosity, that extends its applicability to small pore diameters and low permeability media. The gel was prepared and applied on-site with oilfield equipment. Mixing was upscaled from laboratory- to field-scale, including one unsuccessful attempt. Environmental concerns and additional health and safety requirements were modest as the formulation was composed only of the non-toxic commercial silica-based product Betol K28 T, acetic acid and fresh water. A well was selected and prepared in the Becej natural CO 2 field in Serbia, the well and reservoir were prepared and the gel was placed into a 600 m deep CO 2 - and CH 4 -bearing sandstone layer. The reservoir was selectively sealed to the gas cap through a fast, CO 2 -selective gelation, while the hydraulic pathways of the liquid-filled part of the reservoir remained open. In the regions where no CO 2 was present the gelation reaction was slower and the kinetic was temperature-accelerated. A numerical model was used to simulate the impact of the pre-injection operational procedures and to quantify the impact on the temperature-dependent gelation time. The workflow aligns the needs of a research project with the interests and practical priorities of an operating company. A© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Published: 2019

18. Wide band gap kesterite absorbers for thin film solar cells: potential and challenges for their deployment in tandem devices

Author: Ludovic Arzel, Marc Meuris, Christophe Cardinaud, Léo Choubrac, Roberto Félix, Regan G. Wilks, Marcus Bär, Patrice Bras, P. J. Bolt, Xeniya Kozina, Bart Vermang, Claudia Hartmann, Nicolas Barreau, Yufeng Zhang, Samira Khelifi, D. Gerlach, Evelyn Handick, Yi Ren, Joke Hadermann, Maria Batuk, Toyohiro Chikyow, Sylvie Harel, Thomas Schnabel, Johan Lauwaert, Eric Jaremalm, Erik Ahlswede, Guy Brammertz, Joop van Deelen, Asahiko Matsuda, Sheng Yang, Shigenori Ueda, Hasselt University (UHasselt), EnergyVille, Zentrum fur Sonnenenergie-und Wasserstoff-Forschung (ZSW), Zentrum fur Sonnenenergie-und Wasserstoff-Forschung, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Mid Sweden University, Department of Electronics and Information Systems - Ghent University (ELIS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), University of Antwerp (UA), Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Advanced Electronic Materials Center [NIMS], Solar Energy Division, Berlin (HZB), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Xiamen University, and Helmholtz Centre for Materials and Energy (HZB)
Subjects: Technology and Engineering, EFFICIENCY, Materials science, Band gap, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, BACK CONTACT, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Solar cell, Kesterite, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Tandem, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Physics, Photovoltaic system, Wide-bandgap semiconductor, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemistry, Fuel Technology, Physics and Astronomy, 13. Climate action, SIMULATION, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], engineering, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Engineering sciences. Technology, Layer (electronics), Chemical bath deposition
Abstract: This work reports on developments in the field of wide band gap Cu2ZnXY4 (with X = Sn, Si or Ge, and Y = S, Se) kesterite thin film solar cells. An overview on recent developments and the current understanding of wide band gap kesterite absorber layers, alternative buffer layers, and suitable transparent back contacts is presented. Cu2ZnGe(S,Se)(4) absorbers with absorber band gaps up to 1.7 eV have been successfully developed and integrated into solar cells. Combining a CdS buffer layer prepared by an optimized chemical bath deposition process with a 1.36 eV band gap absorber resulted in a record Cu2ZnGeSe4 cell efficiency of 7.6%, while the highest open-circuit voltage of 730 mV could be obtained for a 1.54 eV band gap absorber and a Zn(O,S) buffer layer. Employing InZnOx or TiO2 protective top layers on SnO2:In transparent back contacts yields 85-90% of the solar cell performance of reference cells (with Mo back contact). These advances show the potential as well as the challenges of wide band gap kesterites for future applications in high-efficiency and low-cost tandem photovoltaic devices. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement No. 640868. The synchrotron radiation experiments were performed at the SPring-8 beamline BL15XU with the approval of the NIMS Synchrotron X-ray Station (Proposals 2016A4600, 2016B4601, and 2017A4600) and at BESSY II with the approval of HZB. B. Vermang has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no. 715027).
Published: 2019

19. A Multi-Objective Co-Design Optimization Framework for Grid-Connected Hybrid Battery Energy Storage Systems: Optimal Sizing and Selection of Technology

Author: Md. Mahamudul Hasan, Boris Berseneff, Tim Meulenbroeks, Igor Cantero, Sajib Chakraborty, Thomas Geury, Omar Hegazy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Département de l'électricité et de l'hydrogène dans les transports (DEHT), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), European Project: 963527,H2020-LC-BAT-2020,iSTORMY, Faculty of Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Power Electronics, and Electromobility research centre
Subjects: HBESS, Control and Optimization, BESS, optimal sizing, co-design optimization, hybrid battery energy storage system, Li-ion battery, LiB grid storage system, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Building and Construction, Li-Ion battery, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering (miscellaneous), Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract: This paper develops a multi-objective co-design optimization framework for the optimal sizing and selection of battery and power electronics in hybrid battery energy storage systems (HBESSs) connected to the grid. The co-design optimization approach is crucial for such a complex system with coupled subcomponents. To this end, a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used for optimal sizing and selection of technologies in the design of the HBESS, considering design parameters such as cost, efficiency, and lifetime. The interoperable framework is applied considering three first-life battery cells and one second-life battery cell for forming two independent battery packs as a hybrid battery unit and considers two power conversion architectures for interfacing the hybrid battery unit to the grid with different power stages and levels of modularity. Finally, the globally best HBESS system obtained as the output of the framework is made up of LTO first-life and LFP second-life cells and enables a total cost of ownership (TCO) reduction of 29.6% compared to the baseline.
Published: 2022

20. Three-dimensional methane distribution simulated with FLEXPART 8-CTM-1.1 constrained with observation data

Author: Colm Sweeney, Arjo Segers, Jean-Daniel Paris, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Motoki Sasakawa, Andreas Stohl, Stephan Henne, Toshinobu Machida, Christine Groot Zwaaftink, Rona Thompson, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemical transport model, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Urbanisation, Environment, 010501 environmental sciences, Radiative forcing, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Methane, Trace gas, lcsh:Geology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Data assimilation, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Satellite, Bos grunniens, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Environment & Sustainability, Dispersion (water waves), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A Lagrangian particle dispersion model, the FLEXible PARTicle dispersion chemical transport model (FLEXPART CTM), is used to simulate global three-dimensional fields of trace gas abundance. These fields are constrained with surface observation data through nudging, a data assimilation method, which relaxes model fields to observed values. Such fields are of interest to a variety of applications, such as inverse modelling, satellite retrievals, radiative forcing models and estimating global growth rates of greenhouse gases. Here, we apply this method to methane using 6 million model particles filling the global model domain. For each particle, methane mass tendencies due to emissions (based on several inventories) and loss by reaction with OH, Cl and O(1D), as well as observation data nudging were calculated. Model particles were transported by mean, turbulent and convective transport driven by 1∘×1∘ ERA-Interim meteorology. Nudging is applied at 79 surface stations, which are mostly included in the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG) database or the Japan–Russia Siberian Tall Tower Inland Observation Network (JR-STATION) in Siberia. For simulations of 1 year (2013), we perform a sensitivity analysis to show how nudging settings affect modelled concentration fields. These are evaluated with a set of independent surface observations and with vertical profiles in North America from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), and in Siberia from the Airborne Extensive Regional Observations in SIBeria (YAK-AEROSIB) and the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). FLEXPART CTM results are also compared to simulations from the global Eulerian chemistry Transport Model version 5 (TM5) based on optimized fluxes. Results show that nudging strongly improves modelled methane near the surface, not only at the nudging locations but also at independent stations. Mean bias at all surface locations could be reduced from over 20 to less than 5 ppb through nudging. Near the surface, FLEXPART CTM, including nudging, appears better able to capture methane molar mixing ratios than TM5 with optimized fluxes, based on a larger bias of over 13 ppb in TM5 simulations. The vertical profiles indicate that nudging affects model methane at high altitudes, yet leads to little improvement in the model results there. Averaged from 19 aircraft profile locations in North America and Siberia, root mean square error (RMSE) changes only from 16.3 to 15.7 ppb through nudging, while the mean absolute bias increases from 5.3 to 8.2 ppb. The performance for vertical profiles is thereby similar to TM5 simulations based on TM5 optimized fluxes where we found a bias of 5 ppb and RMSE of 15.9 ppb. With this rather simple model setup, we thus provide three-dimensional methane fields suitable for use as boundary conditions in regional inverse modelling as a priori information for satellite retrievals and for more accurate estimation of mean mixing ratios and growth rates. The method is also applicable to other long-lived trace gases.
Published: 2018

21. Thin Functional Zeolite Layer Supported on Infrared Resonant Nano‐Antennas for the Detection of Benzene Traces

Author: Svetlana Mintova, Arjen Boersma, Beniamino Sciacca, Javier Nuñez, Julien Grand, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TNO Defence, Security and Safety (TNO), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Materials science, Zeolite coating, Infrared, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biomaterials, Resonator, Coating, Electrochemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Plasmon, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Benzene traces, business.industry, VOCs, Hybrid SEIRA material, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Molecular vibration, Resonant nano-antennas, Sensing, engineering, Optoelectronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Infrared absorption spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool that enables the identification of molecular species. The sensitivity of this technique, that is strongly limited by the small absorption cross-section of molecular vibration, can be greatly improved by resonant interaction with nano-antennas via the surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) mechanism. However, most of the examples of SEIRA concern solid-state molecular layers adsorbed on the nano-antennas, while the detection of gas traces still remains elusive due to the spatial extent of the near-field that is used to amplify the molecular vibrations resonantly. Here, a hybrid system composed of a plasmonic nanoantenna array coupled with nanosized zeolite coating for detection of volatile organic compounds in the near field of the resonators is demonstrated. The concerted action of the coating and the nano-antennas enabled the authors to detect record traces of benzene (25 ppb) within 10 min. This approach may ultimately allow the fabrication of a compact system for rapid detection of pharmaceutical and biocompounds with high sensitivity and high selectivity.
Published: 2021

22. Blueprint for a self-sustained European Centre for service provision in safe and sustainable innovation for nanotechnology

Author: Keld Alstrup Jensen, Petru Niga, Anthony Bochon, Marika Pilou, Ian Cotgreave, Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba, Jesús M. Lopez de Ipiña, Hilda Witters, Emeric Frejafon, Gareth Evans, Iseult Lynch, Martin Himly, Valeria Dulio, Jacques Bouillard, Valentin Kunz, Mark Geppert, Birgit van Duuren-Stuurman, Simona Scalbi, Delphine Bard, Wolfgang E. S. Unger, Olivier Aguerre-Chariol, Maria I. Gini, Albert Duschl, Alfonso Arevalillo, Neeraj Shandilya, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Bastien Caillard, Sven Vercauteren, Effie Marcoulaki, Anna Kaisa Viitanen, Karin Persson, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), University of Salzburg, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Health & Safety Executive Science and Research Centre, The National Research Center for Work Environment [Copenhagen, Denmark], Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), European Virtual Institute for Integrated Risk Management, and Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)
Subjects: Safe(r)-by-design, European Centre, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Nanotechnology, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Nanosafety, Safe innovation, 01 natural sciences, Risk Assessment, 12. Responsible consumption, Blueprint, EC4SafeNano project, Industry, Catalogue of services, Business plan, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Service (business), 9. Industry and infrastructure, Corporate governance, Risk governance, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Stakeholder, Nanomaterial, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nanostructures, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sustainability, Business, Nano-enabled product, 0210 nano-technology, Nanoprocess, Safety Research
Abstract: International audience; The coming years are expected to bring rapid changes in the nanotechnology regulatory landscape, with the establishment of a new framework for nano-risk governance, in silico approaches for characterisation and risk assessment of nanomaterials, and novel procedures for the early identification and management of nanomaterial risks. In this context, Safe(r)-by-Design (SbD) emerges as a powerful preventive approach to support the development of safe and sustainable (SSbD) nanotechnology-based products and processes throughout the life cycle. This paper summarises the work undertaken to develop a blueprint for the deployment and operation of a permanent European Centre of collaborating laboratories and research organisations supporting safe innovation in nanotechnologies. The proposed entity, referred to as “the Centre”, will establish a ‘one-stop shop’ for nanosafety-related services and a central contact point for addressing stakeholder questions about nanosafety. Its operation will rely on significant business, legal and market knowledge, as well as other tools developed and acquired through the EU-funded EC4SafeNano project and subsequent ongoing activities. The proposed blueprint adopts a demand-driven service update scheme to allow the necessary vigilance and flexibility to identify opportunities and adjust its activities and services in the rapidly evolving regulatory and nano risk governance landscape. The proposed Centre will play a major role as a conduit to transfer scientific knowledge between the research and commercial laboratories or consultants able to provide high quality nanosafety services, and the end-users of such services (e.g., industry, SMEs, consultancy firms, and regulatory authorities). The Centre will harmonise service provision, and bring novel risk assessment and management approaches, e.g. in silico methodologies, closer to practice, notably through SbD/SSbD, and decisively support safe and sustainable innovation of industrial production in the nanotechnology industry according to the European Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability.
Published: 2021

23. Field validation of wave-wind-dependent sea spray generation functions

Author: Alexander M. J. van Eijk, Hubert Branger, Christopher Luneau, Gilles Tedeschi, Denis Bourras, Christophe Yohia, William Bruch, Jacques Piazzola, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), TNO Centre for Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Field (physics), 13. Climate action, 14. Life underwater, Geophysics, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Sea spray, Geology
Abstract: Recent studies stress the importance of considering sea surface wave characteristics in sea spray generation functions (SSGFs). To this end, the effect of interacting winds and waves on sea spray generation was studied using data collected during the Marine Aerosol Tunnel Experiments (MATE2019) conducted at the OSU-Pytheas large wind-wave tunnel facility at Luminy, Marseille (France) (Study detailed in Bruch et al., in review). A total of 20 wind and wave combinations were tested, with wind speeds between 8 and 20 m s-1 combined with pure wind waves and waves generated by a wavemaker, allowing for a range of wave characteristics and wave ages. Similar wind speed profiles and whitecapping behavior between the laboratory and the field suggest that the laboratory is appropriate for the study of sea spray production. The sea spray generation flux was estimated from logarithmic vertical sea spray concentration profiles using a flux-profile method using Monin and Obukhov (1954) theory. Results show that the production of larger droplets at 20-35 µm radius is well correlated with the wave slope variance 2>, whilst the wind friction velocity cubed u*3 performs best over 7-20 µm. Two SSGFs are proposed. The original work presented here is an assessment of the validity of the two SSGFs in the field. The two laboratory-derived SSGFs are tested in two numerical models; the stationary Marine Aerosol Concentration Model (MACMod) (used in Laussac et al., 2018), and the non-hydrostatic mesocale atmospheric model Meso-NH (jointly developed by the LA - UMR 5560 - and the CNRM - UMR 3589). The 2> necessary required by both SSGFs is estimated using a wind-dependent formulation (Cox and Munk, 1956) and a spectral spectral model (Elfouhaily et al., 1997). Results show that the numerical simulations offer good results relative to sea spray measurements obtained in the North-West Mediterranean in fetch-limited conditions (Laussac et al., 2018), as well as other existing SSGFs in the literature. These results suggest that wind-wave tunnel facilities present an interesting alternative for determining the sea spray generation flux, especially in high wind speed conditions in which deployment in the field is difficult.References :Bruch, W., Piazzola, J., Branger, H., van Eijk, A. M. J., Luneau, C., Bourras, D., Tedeschi, G. (In review). Sea Spray Generation Dependence on Wind and Wave Combinations : A Laboratory Study. Submitted in : Boundary Layer Meteorology.Cox, C., & Munk, W. (1956). Slopes of the sea surface deduced from photographs of sun glitter. University of California Press. Vol. 6,9,401-488.Elfouhaily, T., Chapron, B., Katsaros, K., & Vandemark, D. (1997). A unified directional spectrum for long and short wind driven waves. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 102(C7),15781-15796.Monin, A. S., & Obukhov, A. M. (1954). Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the surface layer of the atmosphere. Contrib. Geophys. Inst. Acad. Sci. USSR,151(163),e187.Laussac, S., Piazzola, J., Tedeschi, G., Yohia, C., Canepa, E., Rizza, U., & Van Eijk, A. M. J. (2018). Development of a fetch dependent sea-spray source function using aerosol concentration measurements in the North-Western Mediterranean. Atmospheric Environment,193,177-189.
Published: 2021

24. Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Effect of Functionalized Pyrene Polymerization on Carbon Electrode Surfaces for Electrochemical Storage

Author: Yuman Sayed-Ahmad-Baraza, Florian Massuyeau, Bihag Anothumakkool, Thierry Brousse, Christopher P. Ewels, Joël Gaubicher, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Holst Centre, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), French Research Network on Electrochemical Energy Storage (RS2E), ANR-13-PRGE-0011,ICROSS,Systèmes de Stockage organique basés sur des carbones redox actifs améliorés(2013), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Materials science, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Polymerization, Chemical engineering, Electrode, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Pyrene, Density functional theory, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; We report the effect of functional groups on pyrene adsorption and associated electropolymerization mechanisms on carbon nanotube model electrodes, as well as resulting electrochemical charge-storage properties in a Li metal supercapacitor configuration. The impact of pyrene functional groups is tested by varying the alkyl chain length as well as the composite electrode formulation protocol. From experiment and DFT calculations we conclude that (i) all pyrene derivatives bind strongly to the MWNT surface with submonolayer loadings. Intermolecular forces and/or packing configurations rather than charge transfer between MWCNT and substrate likely play a major role in the extent of self-adsorption process (ii) trends of predicted ionization energies (-HOMO levels) and Hammet substituent constants match with (measured) oxidation potentials of adsorbed monomers. However, this correlation fails for unsubstitued pyrene presumably because of molecular aggregation, an argument supported by excimer formation in supernatent solutions, (iii) fusion rather than linear-type oligomerization takes place and is described for the first time and, (iv) longer alkyl chains lead to more extended functionalized oligomers which in turn enhances p-doping (reversible capacity). In a Li metal hybrid supercapacitor configuration, best capacity-power compromise was found with 55 wt% pyrene-(CH2)COOH, resulting in a 5-fold capacity increase from 13 mAh/g(electrode) (19 F/g(electrode)) for untreated MWCNT to 68 mAh/g(electrode) (102 F/g(electrode)) between 2-4.4 V vs. Li+/Li.
Published: 2021

25. HiPEAC Vision 2021

Author: Duranton, Marc, de Bosschere, Koen, Coppens, Bart, Gamrat, Christian, Hoberg, Thomas, Munk, Harm, Roderick, Catherine, Vardanega, Tullio, Zendra, Olivier, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Electronics and Information Systems - Ghent University (ELIS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Atos Worldline, Atos, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Cardiff University, Dipartimento di Matematica [Padova], Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Diversity-centric Software Engineering (DiverSe), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-LANGAGE ET GÉNIE LOGICIEL (IRISA-D4), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), European Project: 871174,HiPEAC, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: roadmapping, computing, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; Our world is evolving very rapidly, bothfrom the technological point of view – withimpressive advances in artificial intelligenceand new hardware challenging longstanding PC hardware traditions, for example –and as a result of unexpected events. Theyear 2020 was quite exceptional, an annushorribilis, according to some. It is hard todisagree with this statement, but every darkcloud has a silver lining. 2020 was also theyear that accelerated digital transformationbeyond what could have been imaginedin 2019. Vaccine development happenedfaster than would ever have been conceivable a year ago, digital payment became thenorm for many people and e-commerceand online sales threatened brick andmortar shops. Employees were encouragedto work from home – with its advantagesand disadvantages, videoconferencingbecame the de facto way to interact withboth family and colleagues, schools wereforced to experiment with distance learning. The list goes on. After living for overa year in an online world, most people willnot return completely to the “old normal”.They will go for a combination of the “oldnormal” and things they discovered andexperimented with in the circumstancesforced upon us by COVID-19; they mightkeep their home office on some days, andbe in the workplace on other days. Highereducation will certainly also continue tooffer online teaching.The rapidly evolving digital world hasalso had an impact on the HiPEAC Vision:updating it every two years no longerseems quite in keeping with the speed ofthe evolution of computing systems. Therefore, we decided to move from producinga large roadmap document every otheryear, to an agile, rapidly evolving electronicmagazine-like set of articles. The HiPEACVision 2021 has two main parts:1) A set of recommendations for theHiPEAC community. It will also introduce the second part of the Vision andwill be updated periodically, or onparticular occasions.2) A set of “articles”, like in magazines, thatwill be regularly updated, the purposeof which is to support the set of recommendations, or to introduce new topicsor situations. This will guarantee thatthe HiPEAC Vision keeps evolving andremains up to date. These articles areintended to be self-sufficient and can beread independently. They are groupedinto four themes or dimensions: technical, business, societal and European. Newarticles will be added over the course ofthe years (and outdated ones might beremoved). A further element of this newapproach to the Vision is that the editorial board asked and will ask variousauthors to contribute to those articles."is adds heterogeneity and a diversityof point of view that could be helpful forbetter analysis of the computing systemslandscape as well as improve the qualityof the recommendations.
Published: 2021

26. Ultrathin functional zeolite layer supported on infrared resonant nano-antennas for fast detection of benzene traces

Author: Nunez, Javier, Boersma, Arjen, Grand, Julien, Mintova, Svetlana, Sciacca, Beniamino, TNO Defence, Security and Safety (TNO), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Zeolite coating, Benzene traces, Resonant nano-antennas, Sensing, VOCs, Hybrid SEIRA material, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]
Published: 2021

27. Analysis of the anthropogenic and biogenic NO x emissions over 2008‐2017: assessment of the trends in the 30 most populated urban areas in Europe

Author: Stijn N. C. Dellaert, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Isabelle Pison, Audrey Fortems-Cheiney, Folkert Boersma, Guillaume Siour, Marielle Saunois, Antoine Berchet, Grégoire Broquet, Gaëlle Dufour, Elise Potier, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), TNO Climate, Air and Sustainability [Utrecht], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), European Project: 776810,H2020,H2020-SC5-2017-OneStageB,VERIFY(2018), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
Subjects: Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, WIMEK, Meteorology and Air Quality, Environmental protection, Environmental science, Life Science, Luchtkwaliteit, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, NOx, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Air Quality
Abstract: We use the OMI-QA4ECV-v1.1 NO2 tropospheric columns over the 10-yr 2008-2017 period to confront satellite-based trends in NO2 concentrations to those from the state-of-the-art regional chemistry-transport model CHIMERE and to evaluate the bottom-up anthropogenic and biogenic NOx emissions in Europe. A focus is made for the 30 most populated urban areas in Europe. Over urban areas in Western Europe, except for coastal cities, OMI confirm the drop in the simulated CHIMERE NO2 tropospheric columns based on the latest country emission official reporting. OMI does not show significant decreasing trends over Central and Eastern Europe urban areas. Increasing biogenic emissions helps reconciling CHIMERE and OMI trends over urban areas in Central Europe and over rural areas, confirming the importance of accounting for non-anthropogenic emissions to assess long-term trends. Over Eastern Europe, our results question emission reductions estimated for particular sectors and in particular the road transport, public power and industrial emissions.
Published: 2021

28. Impact of lockdowns and winter temperatures on natural gas consumption in Europe

Author: Stijn Nc Dellaert, Yann Françoise, Katsumasa Tanaka, Steven J. Davis, Léna Gurriaran, Chaopeng Hong, Zhu Deng, François-Marie Bréon, Michael Obersteiner, Ivan A. Janssens, Ciais Philippe, Josep Peñuelas, Zhu Liu, Yilong Wang, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), TNO Climate, Air and Sustainability [Utrecht], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research [CAS] (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Agence d’Écologie Urbaine, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Plant and Vegetation Ecology (PLECO), University of Antwerp (UA), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), ANR-19-MPGA-0008, National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 42001104, Generalitat de Catalunya: AGAUR‐2020PANDE00117, Y. Wang acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant No. 42001104. K. Tanaka benefited from State assistance managed by the National Research Agency in France under the Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir under the reference ANR‐19‐MPGA‐0008. J. Penuelas acknowledges the Catalan government grant AGAUR‐2020PANDE00117, Y. Wang acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant No. 42001104. K. Tanaka benefited from State assistance managed by the National Research Agency in France under the Programme d?Investissements d?Avenir under the reference ANR-19-MPGA-0008. J. Penuelas acknowledges the Catalan government grant AGAUR-2020PANDE00117, and ANR-19-MPGA-0008,PRATO,Achieving the Paris Agreement Temperature Targets after Overshoot(2019)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Natural resource economics, and environment, FOS: Physical sciences, law.invention, law, Natural gas consumption, medicine, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), GE1-350, Philippe Ciais, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Biology, QH540-549.5, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, Public health, Physics, Environmental sciences, Chemistry, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Transmission (mechanics), Geography, society, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph), François-Marie Bréon Investigation: Philippe Ciais Methodology: Philippe Ciais The COVID-19 pandemic: linking health
Abstract: International audience; Natural gas use accounts for ≈38% of the fossil fuel CO 2 emissions in Europe, including the EU27 and UK (Eurostat, 2021). The share of this fossil fuel in the energy mix has been growing since 1990 at the expense of oil and coal, as it is viewed as a cleaner source of energy (IEA, 2021). The main sectors using natural gas are the built environment (residential, public and commercial buildings), the industry, and the electricity production (Eurostat, 2021). In addition to steadily growing natural gas use, the COVID-19 pandemic profoundly disrupted economic activities and the energy demand, beginning in early March of 2020. Specifically, the government policies restricted mobility and confined people at home during "lockdowns", and reduced or closed industrial and non-essential commercial activities, with impacts on gas use and pertaining CO 2 emissions. Although such impacts have been noted by recent reports (IEA, 2020a, 2020b), they have not yet been quantified and analyzed in detail. During the cold season period when the pandemic arrived in Europe, natural gas consumption is typically high due to the heating demand in the built environment, which represents 52% of the total gas consumption from all-sectors averaged over January to June. For both residential and commercial buildings, gas consumption is typically inversely proportional to daily air temperature when temperatures fall below a comfort threshold "critical
Published: 2021
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29. A Pragmatic Protocol for Characterising Errors in Atmospheric Inversions of Methane Emissions over Europe

Author: Szénási, Barbara, Berchet, Antoine, Broquet, Grégoire, Segers, Arjo, Denier van der Gon, Hugo, Krol, Maarten, Hullegie, Joanna J.S., Kiesow, Anja, Günther, Dirk, Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, Saunois, Marielle, Bousquet, Philippe, Pison, Isabelle, Earth and Climate, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TNO Climate, Air and Sustainability [Utrecht], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), European Project: 722479,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016,MEMO2(2017), European Project: 776810,H2020,H2020-SC5-2017-OneStageB,VERIFY(2018), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit, Europe, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, WIMEK, Meteorology and Air Quality, Meteorology. Climatology, methane, error estimation, atmospheric inversion, Luchtkwaliteit, QC851-999, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Air Quality
Abstract: International audience; This study aims at estimating errors to be accounted for in atmospheric inversions of methane (CH4)emissions at the European scale. Four types of errors are estimated in the concentration space over themodel domain and at selected measurement sites. Furthermore, errors in emission inventories are estimatedat country and source sector scales. A technically ready method is used, which is implemented by running aset of simulations of hourly CH4 mixing ratios for 2015 using two area-limited transport models at threehorizontal resolutions with multiple data sets of emissions and boundary and initial conditions as inputs. Theobtained error estimates provide insights into how these errors could be treated in an inverse modellingsystem for inverting CH4 emissions over Europe. The main results show that sources of transport errors maybetter be controlled alongside the emissions, which differs from usual inversion practices. The average totalconcentration error is estimated at 29 ppb. The assessed error of total CH4 emissions is 22% and emissionerrors are heterogeneous at sector (23–49%) and country scales (16–124%), with largest errors occurring inthe waste sector due to uncertainties in activity data and emission factors and in Finland due to uncertaintiesin natural wetland emission
Published: 2021

30. ELIXIR and Toxicology : a community in development

Author: Noelia Ramirez, Iseult Lynch, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, Ralf J. M. Weber, Hilda Witters, Evan E Bolton, Antony Williams, Pavel Babica, Susanna-Assunta Sansone, Kasia Arturi, Anže Županič, Gerard J.P. van Westen, Karine Audouze, Sergio Martinez Cuesta, Tobias Schulze, Jos Bessems, Dimitrios Damalas, Montserrat Cases, Penny Nymark, Ferran Sanz, Uko Maran, Haralambos Sarimveis, Ludek Blaha, Jaroslav Slobodnik, Jos C. S. Kleinjans, Todor Kondic, Hristo Aladjov, Egon Willighagen, Hervé Ménager, Brett Sallach, Danyel Jennen, Sirarat Sarntivijai, Roland C. Grafström, Rob Stierum, Jonathan Tedds, John M. Hancock, Reza M. Salek, Boï Kone, Karel Berka, Herbert Oberacher, Craig E. Wheelock, Steffen Neumann, Alasdair J. G. Gray, Pascal Kahlem, Sylvie Remy, Emma L. Schymanski, Marco Dilger, Ola Spjuth, Barbara Zdrazil, Marvin Martens, Kirtan Dave, Jana Klánová, Henner Hollert, Daan P. Geerke, Philippe Rocca-Serra, Nina Jeliazkova, Thomas Exner, Chris T. Evelo, Fabien Jourdan, Reza Aalizadeh, Department of Bioinformatics, Maastricht University Medical Center (BiGCaT), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Luxembourg Centre For Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MaCSBio), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology (EAWA), Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment [Brno] (RECETOX / MUNI), Faculty of Science [Brno] (SCI / MUNI), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI)-Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Palacky University Olomouc, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Chemotargets SL, GSFC University, Forschungs- und Beratungsinstitut Gefahrstoffe GmbH (FoBiG), Seven Past Nine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Misvik Biology, Heriot-Watt University [Edinburgh] (HWU), ELIXIR Hub [Cambridge], Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Ideaconsult, Maastricht University [Maastricht], ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MetaboHUB-MetaToul, MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, de pharmacie et d’Odonto-Stomatologie [Bamako, Mali] (FMPOS), Université de Bamako, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], University of Tartu, AstraZeneca [Cambridge, UK], Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Français de Bioinformatique (IFB-CORE), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, University of Oxford, Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), University of York [York, UK], Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), National Technical University of Athens [Athens] (NTUA), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Environmental Institute Kos, Uppsala University, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, United States Environmental Protection Agency [Cincinnati], University of Vienna [Vienna], National Institute of Biology [Ljubljana] (NIB), This work received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research infrastrcuture programme via the OpenRiskNet project under grant agreement No. 731075.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 681002 (EU-ToxRisk).This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 814572.SN acknowledges BMBF funding under grant number 031L0107.This work was supported by OBERON (https://oberon-4eu.com), a project funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the grant agreement No. 825712.This work was supported by the European Union,'s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program HBM4EU, grant agreement No. 733032 (https://www.hbm4eu.eu).Supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 859891.Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article, and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy, or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization.This work was supported by the European Union,'s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program HARMLESS, grant agreement No. 953183.This work was supported by the European Union,'s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program Gov4Nano, grant agreement No. 814401.This work was supported by the Swedish Fund for Research Without Animal Experiments under grant number N2020-0005.This work was supported by the European Union,'s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program NTS-EXPOSURE, Grant agreement ID: 896141.This work was supported by the European Union,'s LIFE program LIFE-APEX, Grant agreement ID: LIFE17 ENV/SK/000355.This study was funded by the German Environment Agency within the PHION project (grant number 3718 674150).The Data Readiness Group is supported, in this ELIXIR Community, by the H2020 Precision Toxicology project (H2020-EU 965406).The Data Readiness Group is supported, in this ELIXIR Community, by the Wellcome ISA-InterMine project (208381/A/17/Z).The Data Readiness Group is supported, in this ELIXIR Community, by the Wellcome FAIRsharing project (212930/Z/18/Z).This work received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme RiskGONE Project under grant agreement No. 814425.NR's research is funded by a Miguel Servet contract (CO19/00060) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, cofinanced by the European Union.UM (Uni. of Tartu) is grateful for support to Ministry of Education and Research, Republic of Estonia through Estonian Research Council (grant number IUT34-14) and to European Union European Regional Development Fund through Foundation Archimedes (grant number TK143, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Cell Engineering).Development and Implementation of a Sustainable Modelling Platform for NanoInformatics.Linking LRI Ambit chemoinformatic system with the IUCLID substance database to support read-across of substance endpoint data and category formation.This work was supported by the French Ministry of Research and National Research Agency as part of the French MetaboHUB, the national metabolomics and fluxomics infrastructure (Grant ANR-INBS-0010).This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement GOLIATH No. 825489., ANR-11-INBS-0010,METABOHUB,Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation(2011), European Project: 681002,H2020,H2020-PHC-2015-single-stage_RTD,EU-ToxRisk(2016), European Project: 825712,H2020-EU.3.1.1. - Understanding health, wellbeing and disease,H2020-SC1-2018-Single-Stage-RTD,OBERON(2019), European Project: 733032,H2020,HBM4EU(2017), European Project: 814425,RiskGONE, European Project: 825489,H2020,GOLIATH(2019), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ménager, Hervé, Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation - - METABOHUB2011 - ANR-11-INBS-0010 - INBS - VALID, An Integrated European ‘Flagship’ Program Driving Mechanism-based Toxicity Testing and Risk Assessment for the 21st Century - EU-ToxRisk - - H20202016-01-01 - 2021-12-31 - 681002 - VALID, An integrative strategy of testing systems for identification of EDs related to metabolic disorders - OBERON - - H2020-EU.3.1.1. - Understanding health, wellbeing and disease2019-01-01 - 2019-12-31 - 825712 - VALID, European Human Biomonitoring Initiative - HBM4EU - - H20202017-01-01 - 2021-12-31 - 733032 - VALID, Risk Governance of Nanotechnology - RiskGONE - 814425 - INCOMING, and Beating Goliath: Generation Of NoveL, Integrated and Internationally Harmonised Approaches for Testing Metabolism Disrupting Compounds - GOLIATH - - H20202019-01-19 - 2023-12-31 - 825489 - VALID
Subjects: Interoperability, Context (language use), interoperability, Predictive toxicology, Multidisciplinary, general & others [F99] [Life sciences], Pharmacology and Toxicology, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Multidisciplinaire, généralités & autres [F99] [Sciences du vivant], General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Chemical risk, [INFO.INFO-BI] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, computer.programming_language, FAIR, 0303 health sciences, Government, General Immunology and Microbiology, General Medicine, Farmakologi och toxikologi, Sketch, 3. Good health, ELIXIR, [SDV.TOX] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Elixir (programming language), [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], computer
Abstract: International audience; Toxicology has been an active research field for many decades, with academic, industrial and government involvement. Modern omics and computational approaches are changing the field, from merely disease-specific observational models into target-specific predictive models. Traditionally, toxicology has strong links with other fields such as biology, chemistry, pharmacology and medicine. With the rise of synthetic and new engineered materials, alongside ongoing prioritisation needs in chemical risk assessment for existing chemicals, early predictive evaluations are becoming of utmost importance to both scientific and regulatory purposes. ELIXIR is an intergovernmental organisation that brings together life science resources from across Europe. To coordinate the linkage of various life science efforts around modern predictive toxicology, the establishment of a new ELIXIR Community is seen as instrumental. In the past few years, joint efforts, building on incidental overlap, have been piloted in the context of ELIXIR. For example, the EU-ToxRisk, diXa, HeCaToS, transQST, and the nanotoxicology community have worked with the ELIXIR TeSS, Bioschemas, and Compute Platforms and activities. In 2018, a core group of interested parties wrote a proposal, outlining a sketch of what this new ELIXIR Toxicology Community would look like. A recent workshop (held September 30th to October 1st, 2020) extended this into an ELIXIR Toxicology roadmap and a shortlist of limited investment-high gain collaborations to give body to this new community. This Whitepaper outlines the results of these efforts and defines our vision of the ELIXIR Toxicology Community and how it complements other ELIXIR activities.
Published: 2021

31. Estimating lockdown-induced European NO2 changes using satellite and surface observations and air quality models

Author: Barré, Jérôme, Petetin, Hervé, Colette, Augustin, Guevara, Marc, Peuch, Vincent-Henri, Rouil, Laurence, Engelen, Richard, Inness, Antje, Flemming, Johannes, Pérez García-Pando, Carlos, Bowdalo, Dene, Meleux, Frederik, Geels, Camilla, Christensen, Jesper, Gauss, Michael, Benedictow, Anna, Tsyro, Svetlana, Friese, Elmar, Struzewska, Joanna, Kaminski, Jacek, Douros, John, Timmermans, Renske, Robertson, Lennart, Adani, Mario, Jorba, Oriol, Joly, Mathieu, Kouznetsov, Rostislav, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research (RIU), University of Cologne, INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WARSAW POL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institute of Geophysics [Warsaw], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile = Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), and Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorologi och atmosfärforskning, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ddc:550
Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive assessment of NO2 changes across the main European urban areas induced by COVID-19 lockdowns using satellite retrievals from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5p satellite, surface site measurements, and simulations from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) regional ensemble of air quality models. Some recent TROPOMI-based estimates of changes in atmospheric NO2 concentrations have neglected the influence of weather variability between the reference and lockdown periods. Here we provide weather-normalized estimates based on a machine learning method (gradient boosting) along with an assessment of the biases that can be expected from methods that omit the influence of weather. We also compare the weather-normalized satellite-estimated NO2 column changes with weather-normalized surface NO2 concentration changes and the CAMS regional ensemble, composed of 11 models, using recently published estimates of emission reductions induced by the lockdown. All estimates show similar NO2 reductions. Locations where the lockdown measures were stricter show stronger reductions, and, conversely, locations where softer measures were implemented show milder reductions in NO2 pollution levels. Average reduction estimates based on either satellite observations (−23 %), surface stations (−43 %), or models (−32 %) are presented, showing the importance of vertical sampling but also the horizontal representativeness. Surface station estimates are significantly changed when sampled to the TROPOMI overpasses (−37 %), pointing out the importance of the variability in time of such estimates. Observation-based machine learning estimates show a stronger temporal variability than model-based estimates.
Published: 2021

32. Cross-Platform Simulation Architecture with application to truck platooning impact assessment

Author: Ladino, Andres, Xiao, Lin, Adjenugwhure, Kingsley, Deschle, Nicol��s, Klunder, Gerdien, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Circulation Transport (LICIT UMR TE ), École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université de Lyon-Université Gustave Eiffel, and The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)
Subjects: [SPI.GCIV.IT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Infrastructures de transport, cooperative adaptive cruise control, heterogeneous truck platooning, [INFO.INFO-SY]Computer Science [cs]/Systems and Control [cs.SY], FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, microscopic traffic simulation, cross-platform traffic simulation, Systems and Control (eess.SY), Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic
Abstract: International audience; Simulation-based traffic impact assessment studies of advanced technologies such as truck platooning need to be carried out to ascertain their benefits for traffic efficiency, safety and environment. To reduce uncertainty in the results of such simulation-based studies, the same simulation studies can be performed in different simulation software. Many traffic simulation software packages (Aimsun, SymuVia, Vissim, SUMO) are currently available for traffic impact assessment of new technologies such as truckplatooning. However, to fully model and simulate the functionalities of such advanced technologies in different simulation environments, several extensions need to be made to the simulation platforms. In most cases, these extensions have to be programmed in different programming languages (C++, Python) and each simulator has its own simulator specific API. This makes it difficult to reuse software written for a specific functionality in one simulation platform in a different simulation platform. To overcome this issue, this paper presents a novel architecture for cross-platform simulation. The architecture is designed such that a specific functionality such as truck-platooning or any other functionality is made platform independent. We designed a cross-platform architecture for simulating a truck-platooning functionality using Vissim and SymuVia simulation software to determine the traffic flow effects of multi-brand truck platooning in the context of the EU project ENSEMBLE. In this draft paper, we present the structure of the framework as well as some preliminary results from a simple simulation performed with the cross-platform simulator.
Published: 2021

33. Effects of solar panel fields on sound propagation

Author: Eerden, Frits, Salomons, Erik, Eisses, Arno, and The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)
Subjects: outdoor sound propagation, [PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], numerical models, measurements, solar panels, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience; The Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management investigates the realization of photovoltaic solar panel fields in the vicinity of their roads and highways. These fields can have a width of 100 meters or more and may be located between a road and a residential area. One of the research topics is the effect of the panels on the sound propagation of road traffic noise, as the acoustic properties of the ground will change. For situations where the acoustic effect is significant one can, for instance, provide recommendations when applying standard noise calculation methods. To determine the acoustic effect numerical models have been applied up to 600 meters distance from the road, for different geometries and orientations of the panels. A downwind situation was taken into account. Sound level measurements using a loudspeaker source were conducted, as well as meteorological measurements, to validate the model results.
Published: 2020

34. Effects of Tilted Noise Barriers on Road Traffic Noise

Author: Salomons, Erik, Eisses, Arno, van der Eerden, Frits, and The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)
Subjects: [PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Noise barriers along highways in the Netherlands are often tilted, at an angle of typically 10 degrees from the vertical. In this way, it is prevented that sound reflections arrive at distant receivers along curved sound paths through the refracting atmosphere. In this paper we compare results of two types of calculation methods for sound reflections in such situations: i) numerical methods, and ii) an engineering method based on the concept of Fresnel zones. Based on the comparisons, the engineering method is optimized. Possible implementation in traffic noise prediction models, such as the standard Dutch model and the EU model Cnossos, is discussed. The variation of the reflected sound level with frequency and tilt angle is analyzed. For situations with tilted noise barriers on either side of the highway, the interaction between screening and reflection by the barriers is analyzed.
Published: 2020

35. Sources of particulate-matter air pollution and its oxidative potential in Europe

Author: Jeroen Kuenen, Giulia Stefenelli, Arjo Segers, Alexandre Albinet, Laure-Estelle Cassagnes, Jean Luc Jaffrezo, Jianhui Jiang, Josef Dommen, Imad El Haddad, Samuël Weber, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Olivier Favez, Athanasia Vlachou, Zaira Leni, Sebnem Aksoyoglu, Francesco Canonaco, Gaëlle Uzu, Urs Baltensperger, Marianne Geiser, Martijn Schaap, André S. H. Prévôt, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institute of Anatomy, Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Institut für Meteorologie [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), University of Berne, and Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern
Subjects: Rural Population, Acute effects, Urban Population, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Air pollution, Bronchi, Oxidative phosphorylation, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Air Pollution, 11. Sustainability, medicine, Humans, Mass concentration (chemistry), Cities, Biomass burning, Cells, Cultured, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Air Pollutants, Multidisciplinary, Ambient air pollution, Epithelial Cells, Oxidative activity, Models, Theoretical, Particulates, Europe, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Particulate Matter, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract: Particulate matter is a component of ambient air pollution that has been linked to millions of annual premature deaths globally(1-3). Assessments of the chronic and acute effects of particulate matter on human health tend to be based on mass concentration, with particle size and composition also thought to play a part(4). Oxidative potential has been suggested to be one of the many possible drivers of the acute health effects of particulate matter, but the link remains uncertain(5-8). Studies investigating the particulate-matter components that manifest an oxidative activity have yielded conflicting results(7). In consequence, there is still much to be learned about the sources of particulate matter that may control the oxidative potential concentration(7). Here we use field observations and air-quality modelling to quantify the major primary and secondary sources of particulate matter and of oxidative potential in Europe. We find that secondary inorganic components, crustal material and secondary biogenic organic aerosols control the mass concentration of particulate matter. By contrast, oxidative potential concentration is associated mostly with anthropogenic sources, in particular with fine-mode secondary organic aerosols largely from residential biomass burning and coarse-mode metals from vehicular non-exhaust emissions. Our results suggest that mitigation strategies aimed at reducing the mass concentrations of particulate matter alone may not reduce the oxidative potential concentration. If the oxidative potential can be linked to major health impacts, it may be more effective to control specific sources of particulate matter rather than overall particulate mass. Observations and air-quality modelling reveal that the sources of particulate matter and oxidative potential in Europe are different, implying that reducing mass concentrations of particulate matter alone may not reduce oxidative potential.
Published: 2020

36. Li and δ7Li as proxies for weathering and anthropogenic activities: Application to the Dommel River (meuse basin)

Author: Philippe Négrel, Gerard Klaver, Romain Millot, Emmanuelle Petelet-Giraud, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), TNO Defence, Security and Safety (TNO), and The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)
Subjects: Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Mean value, Drainage basin, Weathering, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Dilution, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Effluent, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Lithium (Li) contents and isotopes were studied in the Dommel catchment, a small riverine system in northern Belgium and the southern part of the Netherlands discharging into the Meuse River. The study covered surface- and groundwaters in and on sand and gravel in the catchment; it aimed at evaluating the potential of Li isotopes as effective tracers of anthropogenic activities in addition to tracing water/substratum interaction processes within a sandy environment. Dissolved lithium concentrations in the Dommel catchment span one order of magnitude, ranging from 1.55 to 39.20 μg/L with a mean concentration of 6.58 μg/L, higher than the worldwide riverine average of 1.9 μg/L. Dissolved δ7Li varies from +5.4‰ to +27.8‰. Part of the catchment is impacted by smelter effluents with Li concentrations in the range 91–526 μg/L (mean value 288.36 μg/L) and a δ7Li of around +25.6‰ before dilution along the flowpaths of the catchment basin. To interpret the dataset in terms of using Li isotopes as a proxy for anthropogenic activity, we first applied an atmospheric-input correction to waters for both Li concentration and δ7Li, as rain contributes an important fraction of the dissolved elements in Dommel waters (8–100% of Li in waters is of atmospheric origin; 100% means no interaction with rocks, no anthropogenic disturbance). Then, we determined and quantified the anthropogenic influence using δ7Li and mixing equations for the impacted parts of the catchment. Finally, we added constraints on the water/substratum interaction in this mostly sandy-feldspar soil catchment through the δ7Li and Li/Na ratios, highlighting the role of water-residence time in the system on weathering intensity.
Published: 2020

37. Aligning Stakeholder Interests, Governance Requirements and Blockchain Design in Business and Government Information Sharing

Author: van Engelenburg, S.H., Rukanova, B.D., Hofman, Wout, Ubacht, J., Tan, Y., Janssen, M.F.W.H.A., Pereira, Gabriela Viale, Janssen, Marijn, Lee, Habin, Lindgren, Ida, Bolívar, Manuel Pedro Rodríguez, Scholl, Hans Jochen, Zuiderwijk, Anneke, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Gabriela Viale Pereira, Marijn Janssen, Habin Lee, Ida Lindgren, Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar, Hans Jochen Scholl, Anneke Zuiderwijk, TC 8, and WG 8.5
Subjects: 050101 languages & linguistics, Knowledge management, Blockchain, Blockchain technology, [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Business, Access control, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Stakeholder theory, Government, Governance, Information sharing, business.industry, Corporate governance, 05 social sciences, Stakeholder, Variety (cybernetics), Consensus mechanism, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Distributed ledger technology, business
Abstract: Part 2: E-Government Services and Open Government; International audience; Governance requirements for systems supporting information sharing between businesses and government organisations (B&G) are determined by a high variety of stakeholders with often conflicting interests. These conflicting interests can hamper the introduction and scaling-up of ICT-innovations that change their roles and authorities. We address one such innovation: the introduction of blockchain technologies in the B&G context. Who can govern data and the system depends on several elements of the design of a blockchain-based system, particularly the data structure, consensus mechanism and network topology. Design choices regarding these elements affect who can make decisions and hence we call them blockchain control points. These control points require an explicit and well-understood relationship between the design decisions and the interests of stakeholders. Yet, the literature on blockchain technology and governance does not offer such insight. Therefore, we developed a framework to assess the alignment between stakeholders interest and blockchain design choices. This framework consists of three views and their interrelationships, 1) a stakeholder view providing insight into the tensions between stakeholder’s interests and governance requirements, 2), a governance view on the rights concerning the data and the system, and 3) a blockchain control view describing how design decisions on the control points affect whether governance requirements are met and how parties can exercise their rights. Making these links explicit enables an understanding of how technical design choices can trigger organizational dynamics from the stakeholder view and vice versa. Based on the framework we formulate a research agenda concerning blockchain design choices and governance.
Published: 2020

38. SAREF4health: towards IoT standard-based ontology-driven cardiac e-health systems

Author: Moreira, João, Pires, Luís Ferreira, Van Sinderen, Marten, Daniele, Laura, Girod-Genet, Marc, University of Twente [Netherlands], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Réseaux, Systèmes, Services, Sécurité (R3S-SAMOVAR), Services répartis, Architectures, MOdélisation, Validation, Administration des Réseaux (SAMOVAR), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP), Département Réseaux et Services Multimédia Mobiles (RS2M), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP)
Subjects: SAREF, ECG, [INFO.INFO-IT]Computer Science [cs]/Information Theory [cs.IT], Internet of Things, Ontology-driven conceptual modelling, Ontology-driven healthcare
Abstract: International audience; Recently, a number of ontology-driven healthcare systems have been leveraged by the Internet-of-Things (IoT) 11 technologies, which offer opportunities to improve abnormal situation detection when integrating medical wearables and cloud 12 infrastructure. Usually, these systems rely on standardised IoT ontologies to represent sensor data observations. The ETSI 13 Smart Applications REFerence ontology (SAREF) is an extensible industry-oriented standard. In this paper, we explain the 14 need for interoperability of IoT healthcare applications and the role of standardised ontologies to achieve semantic 15 interoperability. In particular, we discuss the verbosity problem of SAREF when used for real-time electrocardiography (ECG), 16 emphasizing the requirement of representing time series. We compared the main ontologies in this context, according to 17 quality, message size (payload), IoT-orientation and standardisation. Here we describe the first attempt to extend SAREF for 18 specific e-Health use cases related to ECG data, the SAREF4health extension, which tackles the verbosity problem. Ontology-19 driven conceptual modelling was applied to develop SAREF4health, in which an ECG ontology grounded in the Unified 20 Foundational Ontology (UFO) plays the role of a reference model. The methodology was enhanced by following a 21 standardisation procedure and considering the RDF implementation of the HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources 22 (FHIR) standard. The validation of SAREF4health includes the responses to competency questions, as well as the development 23 and tests of an IoT Early Warning System prototype that uses ECG data and collision identification to detect accidents with 24 truck drivers in a port area. This prototype integrates an existing ECG wearable with a cloud infrastructure, demonstrating the 25 performance impact of SAREF4health considering IoT constraints. Our results show that SAREF4health enables the semantic 26 interoperability of IoT solutions that need to deal with frequency-based time series. Design decisions regarding the trade-off 27 between ontology quality and aggregation representation are also discussed.
Published: 2020

39. The Global Methane Budget: 2000–2017

Author: M. Saunois, A. R. Stavert, B. Poulter, P. Bousquet, J. G. Canadell, R. B. Jackson, P. A. Raymond, E. J. Dlugokencky, S. Houweling, P. K. Patra, P. Ciais, V. K. Arora, D. Bastviken, P. Bergamaschi, D. R. Blake, G. Brailsford, L. Bruhwiler, K. M. Carlson, M. Carrol, S. Castaldi, N. Chandra, C. Crevoisier, P. M. Crill, K. Covey, C. L. Curry, G. Etiope, C. Frankenberg, N. Gedney, M. I. Hegglin, L. Höglund-Isaksson, G. Hugelius, M. Ishizawa, A. Ito, G. Janssens-Maenhout, K. M. Jensen, F. Joos, T. Kleinen, P. B. Krummel, R. L. Langenfelds, G. G. Laruelle, L. Liu, T. Machida, S. Maksyutov, K. C. McDonald, J. McNorton, P. A. Miller, J. R. Melton, I. Morino, J. Müller, F. Murguia-Flores, V. Naik, Y. Niwa, S. Noce, S. O'Doherty, R. J. Parker, C. Peng, S. Peng, G. P. Peters, C. Prigent, R. Prinn, M. Ramonet, P. Regnier, W. J. Riley, J. A. Rosentreter, A. Segers, I. J. Simpson, H. Shi, S. J. Smith, L. P. Steele, B. F. Thornton, H. Tian, Y. Tohjima, F. N. Tubiello, A. Tsuruta, N. Viovy, A. Voulgarakis, T. S. Weber, M. van Weele, G. R. van der Werf, R. F. Weiss, D. Worthy, D. Wunch, Y. Yin, Y. Yoshida, W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhao, B. Zheng, Q. Zhu, Q. Zhuang, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research [Aspendale], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Earth System Science [Stanford] (ESS), Stanford EARTH, Stanford University-Stanford University, Yale School of the Environment (YSE), NOAA/University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Thematic Studies – Technology and Social Change, Linköping University (LIU), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Department of Chemistry [Irvine], University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' = University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Skidmore College [Saratoga Springs], Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Roma (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], University of Reading (UOR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, VIC, Australia, Département de Physique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University [West Lafayette], European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Lund University [Lund], Climate Research Division [Toronto], School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), School of Chemistry [Bristol], NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] (CICERO), University of Oslo (UiO), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, Southern Cross University (SCU), TNO Climate, Air and Sustainability [Utrecht], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), International Center for Climate and Global Change Research and School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, FAO Forestry, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Department of Chemistry [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, University of Rochester [USA], Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of Toronto, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Department of Geographical Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], Hohai University, European Project: 725546,Metlake, European Project: 776810,H2020,H2020-SC5-2017-OneStageB,VERIFY(2018), European Project: 773421,H2020,H2020-BG-2017-1,NUNATARYUK(2017), Natural Environment Research Council [2006-2012], Earth Sciences, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Saunois, M., R. Stavert, A., Poulter, B., Bousquet, P., G. Canadell, J., B. Jackson, R., A. Raymond, P., J. Dlugokencky, E., Houweling, S., K. Patra, P., Ciais, P., K. Arora, V., Bastviken, D., Bergamaschi, P., R. Blake, D., Brailsford, G., Bruhwiler, L., M. Carlson, K., Carrol, M., Castaldi, S., Chandra, N., Crevoisier, C., M. Crill, P., Covey, K., L. Curry, C., Etiope, G., Frankenberg, C., Gedney, N., I. Hegglin, M., Hoglund-Isaksson, L., Hugelius, G., Ishizawa, M., Ito, A., Janssens-Maenhout, G., M. Jensen, K., Joos, F., Kleinen, T., B. Krummel, P., L. Langenfelds, R., G. Laruelle, G., Liu, L., Machida, T., Maksyutov, S., C. McDonald, K., Mcnorton, J., A. Miller, P., R. Melton, J., Morino, I., Muller, J., Murguia-Flores, F., Naik, V., Niwa, Y., Noce, S., O'Doherty, S., J. Parker, R., Peng, C., Peng, S., P. Peters, G., Prigent, C., Prinn, R., Ramonet, M., Regnier, P., J. Riley, W., A. Rosentreter, J., Segers, A., J. Simpson, I., Shi, H., J. Smith, S., Paul Steele, L., F. Thornton, B., Tian, H., Tohjima, Y., N. Tubiello, F., Tsuruta, A., Viovy, N., Voulgarakis, A., S. Weber, T., Van Weele, M., R. Van Der Werf, G., F. Weiss, R., Worthy, D., Wunch, D., Yin, Y., Yoshida, Y., Zhang, W., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Zheng, B., Zhu, Q., and Zhuang, Q.
Subjects: Naturgeografi, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, TRACE GASES, ATMOSPHERIC METHANE, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Methane, chemistry.chemical_compound, CARBON-DIOXIDE, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Climate change, CH4 EMISSIONS, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:GE1-350, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS, Atmospheric methane, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Géochimie, Geology, methane, global warming, climate change, greenhouse gases, Carbon project, Atmospheric chemistry, Physical Sciences, 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS, NATURAL-GAS, PROCESS-BASED MODEL, 530 Physics, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals, Global Carbon Project, 0402 Geochemistry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Radiative forcing, 15. Life on land, Trace gas, lcsh:Geology, chemistry, TM 4D-VAR V1.0, Physical Geography, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, GOSAT SWIR XCO2, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Global methane (CH4) budget, 0401 Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract: Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH4) budgetis important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change.Atmospheric emissions and concentrations of CH4 continue to increase,making CH4 the second most important human-influenced greenhouse gas interms of climate forcing, after carbon dioxide (CO2). The relativeimportance of CH4 compared to CO2 depends on its shorteratmospheric lifetime, stronger warming potential, and variations inatmospheric growth rate over the past decade, the causes of which are stilldebated. Two major challenges in reducing uncertainties in the atmosphericgrowth rate arise from the variety of geographically overlapping CH4sources and from the destruction of CH4 by short-lived hydroxylradicals (OH). To address these challenges, we have established aconsortium of multidisciplinary scientists under the umbrella of the GlobalCarbon Project to synthesize and stimulate new research aimed at improvingand regularly updating the global methane budget. Following Saunois et al. (2016), we present here the second version of the living review paperdedicated to the decadal methane budget, integrating results of top-downstudies (atmospheric observations within an atmospheric inverse-modellingframework) and bottom-up estimates (including process-based models forestimating land surface emissions and atmospheric chemistry, inventories ofanthropogenic emissions, and data-driven extrapolations). For the 2008–2017 decade, global methane emissions are estimated byatmospheric inversions (a top-down approach) to be 576 Tg CH4 yr−1 (range 550–594, corresponding to the minimum and maximumestimates of the model ensemble). Of this total, 359 Tg CH4 yr−1 or∼ 60 % is attributed to anthropogenic sources, that isemissions caused by direct human activity (i.e. anthropogenic emissions; range 336–376 Tg CH4 yr−1 or 50 %–65 %). The mean annual total emission for the new decade (2008–2017) is29 Tg CH4 yr−1 larger than our estimate for the previous decade (2000–2009),and 24 Tg CH4 yr−1 larger than the one reported in the previousbudget for 2003–2012 (Saunois et al. 2016). Since 2012, global CH4emissions have been tracking the warmest scenarios assessed by theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Bottom-up methods suggest almost30 % larger global emissions (737 Tg CH4 yr−1, range 594–881)than top-down inversion methods. Indeed, bottom-up estimates for naturalsources such as natural wetlands, other inland water systems, and geologicalsources are higher than top-down estimates. The atmospheric constraints onthe top-down budget suggest that at least some of these bottom-up emissionsare overestimated. The latitudinal distribution of atmosphericobservation-based emissions indicates a predominance of tropical emissions(∼ 65 % of the global budget, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2020

40. Intercomparison of NO2, O-4, O-3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV-visible spectrometers during CINDI-2

Author: Kreher, Karin, Van Roozendael, Michel, Hendrick, Francois, Apituley, Arnoud, Dimitropoulou, Ermioni, Friess, Udo, Richter, Andreas, Wagner, Thomas, Lampel, Johannes, Abuhassan, Nader, Ang, Li, Anguas, Monica, Bais, Alkis, Benavent, Nuria, Boesch, Tim, Bognar, Kristof, Borovski, Alexander, Bruchkouski, Ilya, Cede, Alexander, Chan, Ka Lok, Donner, Sebastian, Drosoglou, Theano, Fayt, Caroline, Finkenzeller, Henning, Garcia-Nieto, David, Gielen, Clio, Gomez-Martin, Laura, Hao, Nan, Henzing, Bas, Herman, Jay R., Hermans, Christian, Hoque, Syedul, Irie, Hitoshi, Jin, Junli, Johnston, Paul, Butt, Junaid Khayyam, Khokhar, Fahim, Koenig, Theodore K., Kuhn, Jonas, Kumar, Vinod, Liu, Cheng, Ma, Jianzhong, Merlaud, Alexis, Mishra, Abhishek K., Mueller, Moritz, Navarro-Comas, Monica, Ostendorf, Mareike, Pazmino, Andrea, Peters, Enno, Pinardi, Gaia, Pinharanda, Manuel, Piters, Ankie, Platt, Ulrich, Postylyakov, Oleg, Prados-Roman, Cristina, Puentedura, Olga, Querel, Richard, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Schoenhardt, Anja, Schreier, Stefan F., Seyler, Andre, Sinha, Vinayak, Spinei, Elena, Strong, Kimberly, Tack, Frederik, Tian, Xin, Tiefengraber, Martin, Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, van Gent, Jeron, Volkamer, Rainer, Vrekoussis, Mihalis, Wang, Shanshan, Wang, Zhuoru, Wenig, Mark, Wittrock, Folkard, Xie, Pinhua H., Xu, Jin, Yela, Margarita, Zhang, Chengxin, Zhao, Xiaoyi, BK Scientific GmbH, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Institut für Umweltphysik [Heidelberg], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Belarusian State University, Meteorologisches Institut München (MIM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry [Boulder], University of Colorado [Boulder], Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Center for Environmental Remote Sensing [Chiba] (CEReS), Chiba University, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), National University of Sciences and Technology [Islamabad] (NUST), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Mohali], Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences [Innsbruck] (ACINN), Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institute for Meteorology and Climatology [Vienna] (BOKU-Met), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Liaoning Technical University [Huludao], Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University [Shanghai], DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Environment and Climate Change Canada, and Electrical and Computer Engineering
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Science & Technology, RAMAN-SCATTERING, RETRIEVAL, CROSS-SECTIONS, BRO, RADIATIVE-TRANSFER, Physical Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY, FORMALDEHYDE, CAMPAIGN, NITROGEN-DIOXIDE, AEROSOL EXTINCTION
Abstract: In September 2016, 36 spectrometers from 24 institutes measured a number of key atmospheric pollutants for a period of 17 d during the Second Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) that took place at Cabauw, the Netherlands (51.97 degrees N, 4.93 degrees E). We report on the outcome of the formal semi-blind intercomparison exercise, which was held under the umbrella of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the European Space Agency (ESA). The three major goals of CINDI-2 were (1) to characterise and better understand the differences between a large number of multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and zenith-sky DOAS instruments and analysis methods, (2) to define a robust methodology for performance assessment of all participating instruments, and (3) to contribute to a harmonisation of the measurement settings and retrieval methods. This, in turn, creates the capability to produce consistent high-quality ground-based data sets, which are an essential requirement to generate reliable long-term measurement time series suitable for trend analysis and satellite data validation. The data products investigated during the semi-blind intercomparison are slant columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the oxygen collision complex (O-4) and ozone (O-3) measured in the UV and visible wavelength region, formaldehyde (HCHO) in the UV spectral region, and NO2 in an additional (smaller) wavelength range in the visible region. The campaign design and implementation processes are discussed in detail including the measurement protocol, calibration procedures and slant column retrieval settings. Strong emphasis was put on the careful alignment and synchronisation of the measurement systems, resulting in a unique set of measurements made under highly comparable air mass conditions. The CINDI-2 data sets were investigated using a regression analysis of the slant columns measured by each instrument and for each of the target data products. The slope and intercept of the regression analysis respectively quantify the mean systematic bias and offset of the individual data sets against the selected reference (which is obtained from the median of either all data sets or a subset), and the rms error provides an estimate of the measurement noise or dispersion. These three criteria are examined and for each of the parameters and each of the data products, performance thresholds are set and applied to all the measurements. The approach presented here has been developed based on heritage from previous intercomparison exercises. It introduces a quantitative assessment of the consistency between all the participating instruments for the MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky DOAS techniques. Netherlands Space Office (NSO); ESA through the CINDI-2 (ESA) project [4000118533/16/I-Sbo]; ESA through the FRM4DOAS (ESA) project [4000118181/16/I-EF]; EU 7th Framework Programme QA4ECV projectEuropean Union (EU) [607405]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF)Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I 2296-N29]; Canadian Space Agency (AVATARS project); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (PAHA project); Canada Foundation for InnovationCanada Foundation for Innovation; UVAS ("Ultraviolet and Visible Atmospheric Sounder") projects SEOSAT/INGENIO [ESP2015-71299-R]; DFG project RAPSODI [PL 193/17-1]; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)Centre National D'etudes Spatiales; National funding project HELADO [CTM2013-41311-P]; National funding project AVATAR [CGL2014-55230-R]; Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation (RSF) [16-17-10275]; Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [16-05-01062, 18-35-00682]; ACTRIS-2 (H2020 grant) [654109]; NASA's Atmospheric Composition ProgramNational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [NASA-16-NUP2016-0001]; US National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1620530]; NASANational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); University of Bremen; DFG Research Center/Cluster of Excellence "The Ocean in the Earth System-MARUM"German Research Foundation (DFG); University of Bremen Institutional Strategy of the DFG; Luftblick through the ESA Pandonia Project; NASA Pandora Project at the Goddard Space Flight Center under NASA Headquarters' Tropospheric Composition Program CINDI-2 received funding from the Netherlands Space Office (NSO). Funding for this study was provided by ESA through the CINDI-2 (ESA contract no. 4000118533/16/I-Sbo) and FRM4DOAS (ESA contract no. 4000118181/16/I-EF) projects and partly within the EU 7th Framework Programme QA4ECV project (grant agreement no. 607405). The BOKU MAX-DOAS instrument was funded and the participation of Stefan F. Schreier was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): I 2296-N29. The participation of the University of Toronto team was supported by the Canadian Space Agency (through the AVATARS project) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (through the PAHA project). The instrument was primarily funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation and is usually operated at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC). Funding for CISC was provided by the UVAS ("Ultraviolet and Visible Atmospheric Sounder") projects SEOSAT/INGENIO, ESP2015-71299-R, MINECO-FEDER and UE. The activities of the IUP-Heidelberg were supported by the DFG project RAPSODI (grant no. PL 193/17-1). SAOZ and Mini-SAOZ instruments are supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). INTA recognises support from the National funding projects HELADO (CTM2013-41311-P) and AVATAR (CGL2014-55230-R). AMOIAP recognises support from the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 16-17-10275) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant nos. 16-05-01062 and 18-35-00682). Ka L. Chan received transnational access funding from ACTRIS-2 (H2020 grant agreement no. 654109). Rainer Volkamer recognises funding from NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program (NASA-16-NUP2016-0001) and the US National Science Foundation (award AGS-1620530). Henning Finkenzeller is the recipient of a NASA graduate fellowship. Mihalis Vrekoussis recognises support from the University of Bremen and the DFG Research Center/Cluster of Excellence "The Ocean in the Earth System-MARUM". Financial support through the University of Bremen Institutional Strategy in the framework of the DFG Excellence Initiative is gratefully appreciated for Anja Schonhardt. Pandora instrument deployment was supported by Luftblick through the ESA Pandonia Project and NASA Pandora Project at the Goddard Space Flight Center under NASA Headquarters' Tropospheric Composition Program. The article processing charges for this open-access publication were covered by BK Scientific.
Published: 2020

41. Interoperability of Solutions in a Crisis Management Environment Showcased in Trial-Austria

Author: Erik Vullings, Dražen Ignjatović, Gerald Schimak, Maurice Sammels, Austrian Institute of Technology [Vienna] (AIT), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), XVR Simulation BV, Ioannis N. Athanasiadis, Steven P. Frysinger, Gerald Schimak, Willem Jan Knibbe, TC 5, and WG 5.11
Subjects: Environmental hazards, Process management, Earthquake, 05 social sciences, Interoperability, Launched, Plan (drawing), Crisis management, Innovative solutions, DRIVER+, Trial, 0506 political science, Crisis Management, 050602 political science & public administration, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Business, 0509 other social sciences, 050904 information & library sciences, Relevant information
Abstract: International audience; Crisis Management (CM) is a challenging area when it comes to connecting solutions aiming to support the various tasks involved in handling of CM situations. DRIVER+ [1] an EU-funded project launched in 2014 was setting up a technical infrastructure (so called Test-bed) that allows to interconnect solutions, so they can interact and exchange all crisis relevant information that commanders need, to make their decisions and plan their actions related to a specific crisis.To verify the DRIVER+ Test-bed as well as the DRIVER+ Trial Guidance Methodology [3] and furthermore, to overcome identified CM gaps [2], a series of Trials was setup. Trial-Austria was the fourth one to be executed.This Trial was especially challenging as it was held as a field exercise in parallel to a huge European Civil Protection Exercise (called IRONORE2019). The scenario to be dealt with was an earthquake scenario.The developed methodology, Test-bed as well as various solutions taking part in DRIVER+ are a perfect base and platform to deal with whatever hazard (e.g. chemical, physical, etc.) is endangering our environment or wellbeing.
Published: 2020

42. Un simple outil de surveillance ? Biographie d'une caméra portée sur le corps par la police aux Pays-Bas

Author: Dalibert, Lucie, Timan, Tjerk, Sciences et Société, Historicité, Éducation et Pratiques (EA S2HEP), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, and The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)
Subjects: [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, Surveillance, police, Script, bodycamera, caméra portée sur le corps, usages, conception, uses, Biographie
Abstract: International audience; This article presents the story of a recent and unstabilized technological object: Zepcam-a type of body camera, worn by the police in the Netherlands. By examining the various inscriptions and translations that took place during its conception and introduction, the paper traces the extent to which the objectives, actions and ultimately the meaning of this technological object are formed and transformed when coming into contact with the various actors who appropriate it: policy-makers, designers and users. In doing so, it contributes to the shaping of a technical culture, which is essential for understanding the meaning of technological objects.; Cet article construit la biographie d'un objet technologique récent et non stabilisé : un type de caméra portée par la police aux Pays-Bas appelé Zepcam. En examinant les différentes inscriptions et traductions auxquelles sa conception et son introduction ont donné lieu, il retrace dans quelle mesure les finalités, les actions et finalement la signification de cet objet technologique se forment et se transforment au contact des différents acteurs qui s'en saisissent : responsables politiques, concepteurs et utilisateurs. Ce faisant, il participe au façonnement d'une culture technique, indispensable pour comprendre le sens des objets technologiques.
Published: 2020

43. On the graphical stability of hybrid solutions with non-matching jump times

Author: Nathan van de Wouw, Romain Postoyan, W. P. Maurice H. Heemels, J. J. Benjamin Biemond, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Mechanical Engineering [Eindhoven], Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (TU/e)-Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Control Systems Technology, Dynamics and Control, EIRES, EAISI Mobility, EAISI Foundational, and ICMS Affiliated
Subjects: Lyapunov function, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Matching (graph theory), 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Stability (learning theory), 02 engineering and technology, Sense (electronics), Function (mathematics), Graph, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, symbols.namesake, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Control and Systems Engineering, Hybrid system, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, Jump, Applied mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; We investigate stability of a solution of a hybrid system in the sense that the graphs of solutions from nearby initial conditions remain close and tend towards the graph of the given solution. In this manner, a small continuous-time mismatch is allowed between the jump times of neighbouring solutions and the ‘peaking phenomenon’ is avoided. We provide conditions such that this stability notion is implied by stability with respect to a specifically designed distance-like function. Hence, stability of solutions in the graphical sense can be analysed with existing Lyapunov techniques.
Published: 2020

44. Knowledge Graphs Evolution and Preservation -- A Technical Report from ISWS 2019

Author: Abbas, Nacira, Alghamdi, Kholoud, Alinam, Mortaza, Alloatti, Francesca, Amaral, Glenda, Beno, Martin, Bensmann, Felix, d'Amato, Claudia, Asprino, Luigi, Biswas, Russa, Cai, Ling, Capshaw, Riley, Carriero, Valentina Anita, Celino, Irene, Dadoun, Amine, De Giorgis, Stefano, Delva, Harm, Domingue, John, Dumontier, Michel, Emonet, Vincent, Van Erp, Marieke, Arias, Paola Espinoza, Fallatah, Omaima, Ferrada, Sebastián, Ocaña, Marc Gallofré, Georgiou, Michalis, Gesese, Genet Asefa, Gillis-Webber, Frances, Giovannetti, Francesca, Buey, Marìa Granados, Harrando, Ismail, Heibi, Ivan, Horta, Vitor, Huber, Laurine, Igne, Federico, Jaradeh, Mohamad Yaser, Keshan, Neha, Koleva, Aneta, Koteich, Bilal, Kurniawan, Kabul, Liu, Mengya, Ma, Chuangtao, Maas, Lientje, Mansfield, Martin, Mariani, Fabio, Marzi, Eleonora, Mesbah, Sepideh, Mistry, Maheshkumar, Tirado, Alba Catalina Morales, Nguyen, Anna, Nguyen, Viet Bach, Oelen, Allard, Pasqual, Valentina, Paulheim, Heiko, Polleres, Axel, Porena, Margherita, Portisch, Jan, Presutti, Valentina, Pustu-Iren, Kader, Mendez, Ariam Rivas, Roshankish, Soheil, Rudolph, Sebastian, Sack, Harald, Sakor, Ahmad, Salas, Jaime, Schleider, Thomas, Shi, Meilin, Spinaci, Gianmarco, Sun, Chang, Tietz, Tabea, Dhouib, Molka, Umbrico, Alessandro, Berg, Wouter van den, Xu, Weiqin, Knowledge representation, reasonning (ORPAILLEUR), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the university of southampton, University of Genoa (UNIGE), CELI - Language Technology, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien [Austria] (WU), Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences [Mannheim] (GESIS ), Polytechnic University of Bari, Semantic Technology Laboratory (CNR / ISTC) (ST Lab), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Insituto di scienze e tecnologie della cognizione, FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, Linköping University (LIU), CEFRIEL, ICT Institute of Politecnico di Milano, Eurecom [Sophia Antipolis], University of Bologna, Research Group on Combinatorial Algorithms and Algorithmic Graph Theory (Ghent University), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Knowledge Media Institute (KMi), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Maastricht University [Maastricht], Institute of Data Science [Maastricht], KNAW Humanities Cluster, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Millennium Institute for Foundational Research on Data (IMFD), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), University of Bergen (UiB), University of Huddersfield, University of Cape Town, NTT DATA, Digital Humanities Advanced Research Centre, Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), University of Oxford [Oxford], L3S Research Center [Hannover], Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Siemens AG [Munich], Institut de Recherche de l'École navale, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), University of Southampton, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Utrecht University [Utrecht], University of Liverpool, CSols Ltd., Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), University of Koblenz-Landau, Leibniz-Institut für Informationsinfrastruktur (FIZ Karlsruhe), Leibniz Association, Web-Instrumented Man-Machine Interactions, Communities and Semantics (WIMMICS), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Scalable and Pervasive softwARe and Knowledge Systems (Laboratoire I3S - SPARKS), Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ICST-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences [Mannheim] (GESIS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione [Trento] (ISTC-CNR), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), University of Oxford, Leibniz Universität Hannover=Leibniz University Hannover, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), University of Economics [Prague], Universität Mannheim, Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione (ICCD), Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera italiana, Institut für Angewandte Informatik und Formale Beschreibungsverfahren [Karlsruhe] (AIFB), Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), and Université Gustave Eiffel
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, [INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Abstract: One of the grand challenges discussed during the Dagstuhl Seminar "Knowledge Graphs: New Directions for Knowledge Representation on the Semantic Web" and described in its report is that of a: "Public FAIR Knowledge Graph of Everything: We increasingly see the creation of knowledge graphs that capture information about the entirety of a class of entities. [...] This grand challenge extends this further by asking if we can create a knowledge graph of "everything" ranging from common sense concepts to location based entities. This knowledge graph should be "open to the public" in a FAIR manner democratizing this mass amount of knowledge." Although linked open data (LOD) is one knowledge graph, it is the closest realisation (and probably the only one) to a public FAIR Knowledge Graph (KG) of everything. Surely, LOD provides a unique testbed for experimenting and evaluating research hypotheses on open and FAIR KG. One of the most neglected FAIR issues about KGs is their ongoing evolution and long term preservation. We want to investigate this problem, that is to understand what preserving and supporting the evolution of KGs means and how these problems can be addressed. Clearly, the problem can be approached from different perspectives and may require the development of different approaches, including new theories, ontologies, metrics, strategies, procedures, etc. This document reports a collaborative effort performed by 9 teams of students, each guided by a senior researcher as their mentor, attending the International Semantic Web Research School (ISWS 2019). Each team provides a different perspective to the problem of knowledge graph evolution substantiated by a set of research questions as the main subject of their investigation. In addition, they provide their working definition for KG preservation and evolution.
Published: 2020
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45. Towards Data-Driven Policymaking for the Urban Heat Transition in The Netherlands: Barriers to the Collection and Use of Data

Author: Anne Fleur van Veenstra, Devin Diran, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Gabriela Viale Pereira, Marijn Janssen, Habin Lee, Ida Lindgren, Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar, Hans Jochen Scholl, Anneke Zuiderwijk, TC 8, and WG 8.5
Subjects: 050101 languages & linguistics, [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, 02 engineering and technology, Energy transition, 12. Responsible consumption, Data-driven, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Quality (business), Urban heat island, Data-driven policymaking, Environmental planning, media_common, Data collection, Open data, 05 social sciences, Level of detail (writing), Data sharing, 13. Climate action, Data collaboration, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Business, Barriers, Smart cities
Abstract: Part 5: Smart Cities; International audience; The transition of our society towards a sustainable, low-carbon reality is challenging governments at all levels to establish, implement and monitor policies that can realize this transition. In the Netherlands, cities are developing data-driven policies to ensure that the urban environment will make the transition from the use of natural gas to sustainable alternatives. However, the collection and (re-)use of data is not without its challenges, which may hamper policymaking, and thereby the ambitions for the transition. Therefore, this paper explores barriers to the data collection and use for the urban heat transition, based on literature and practice. First, an overview of barriers is derived from literature. Subsequently, we interview policy makers of eight frontrunner cities to explore which barriers they encounter in practice. We find that cities need different data in different phases of the strategy development, and that the main barriers for the collection and re-use of data are the required amount of effort and time, and the experienced difficulties to take decisions based on data that is poor in quality, level of detail and topicality.
Published: 2020

46. Numerical modelling of the performance-limiting factors in CZGSe solar cells

Author: Samira Khelifi, Léo Choubrac, P. J. Bolt, Johan Lauwaert, Bart Vermang, Sheng Yang, Guy Brammertz, Nicolas Barreau, Department of Electronics and Information Systems - Ghent University (ELIS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Hasselt University (UHasselt), EnergyVille, Institute for Materials Research (IMOMEC), Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Vermang, Bart/0000-0003-2669-2087, Yang, Sheng, Khelifi, Samira, BRAMMERTZ, Guy, Choubrac, Leo, Barreau, Nicolas, Bolt, Pieter, VERMANG, Bart, and Lauwaert, Johan
Subjects: Materials science, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, I-V curve, Back contact barrier, Hall effect, 0103 physical sciences, CZGSe solar cell, Sensitivity (control systems), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Series (mathematics), Equivalent series resistance, Doping, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Global optimisation, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Computational physics, Numerical modelling, Attenuation coefficient, Differential evolution, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: Numerical models are proposed that are able to describe the current-voltage (I-V) behaviour of two Cu2ZnGeSe4(CZGSe) solar cells measured under different illuminations at 300 K. In the model, the doping density of the CZGSe layer and the mobility of carriers are determined by capacitance-voltage (C-V) profiling and AC field Hall effect measurement, respectively. Some of the other parameters in the solar cells, including the series and the shunt resistance, the metal work function of the back contact, defect properties and absorption coefficient in the absorber layer, are determined using a differential evolution algorithm by fitting of the model with the experimentally measured I-V curves. Sensitivity analysis of our proposed model with SCAPS-1D demonstrates that the low metal work function, which results in a hole barrier at the back contact, the low shunt resistance and the high series resistance of the cell can explain the low fill factor and the low efficiency in these cells. This work is supported by the Special Research Fund (BOF) of Ghent Univeristy and the European Union 'Horizon 2020 research' and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 640868. Yang, S (corresponding author), Univ Ghent, Dept Elect & Informat Syst, Technol Pk 126, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. Sheng.Yang@ugent.be
Published: 2020

47. Intercomparison of Magnitudes and Trends in Anthropogenic Surface Emissions From Bottom-Up Inventories, Top-Down Estimates, and Emission Scenarios

Author: Zhe Jiang, Jeroen Kuenen, J.-F. Müller, Kazuyuki Miyazaki, T. Stavrakou, Bo Zheng, H.A.C. Denier van der Gon, Sabine Darras, Claire Granier, J. Kurokawa, Zhen Qu, Daven K. Henze, Cheng Chen, Maite Bauwens, N. Elguindi, Catherine Liousse, Oleg Dubovik, Sekou Keita, Tzung-May Fu, H. Cao, Fabien Solmon, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Colorado [Boulder], Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TNO Climate, Air and Sustainability [Utrecht], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Southern University of Science and Technology [Shenzhen] (SUSTech), University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly, UFR des Sciences Biologiques, Korhogo BP 1328, Côte d’Ivoire, Asia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, CAMS: 2016-2018, TROVA-E2 (2019 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA European Space Agency, ESA Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, BELSPO: GOME-2, We would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their contributions in improving the final version of this manuscript. This study has received support from the CAMS (Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring System) project and contributes to the AMIGO (Analysis of eMIssions usinG Observations, https://amigo.aeronomie.be/) project of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project. This research (M.?B.) has also been supported by the projects PRODEX TROVA (2016-2018) and TROVA-E2 (2019) of the European Space Agency (ESA) funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office, as well as by the SOLFEO project funded by ESA. We acknowledge the use of data products from the NASA AURA and EOS Terra satellite missions. We also acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from the SCIAMACHY, GOME-2, and OMI sensors from www.temis.nl. Part of this work was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). D.?K.?H. and Z.?Q. recognize support from NASA ACMAP and HAQAST., Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Pollution, Emission inventories, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Anthropogenic surface emissions, West africa, Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Air quality modelling, 020701 environmental engineering, China, Air quality index, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, lcsh:GE1-350, Inverse Modelling, Top-down and bottom-up design, Work (electrical), 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, lcsh:Ecology
Abstract: International audience; This study compares recent CO, NOx, NMVOC, SO2, BC, and OC anthropogenic emissions from several state-of-the-art top-down estimates to global and regional bottom-up inventories and projections from five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) in several regions. Results show that top-down emissions derived in several recent studies exhibit similar uncertainty as bottom-up inventories in some regions for certain species and even less in the case of Chinese CO emissions. In general, the largest discrepancies are found outside of regions such as the United States, Europe, and Japan where the most accurate and detailed information on emissions is available. In some regions such as China, which has recently undergone dynamical economic growth and changes in air quality regulations, the top-down estimates better capture recent emission trends than global bottom-up inventories. These results show the potential of top-down estimates to complement bottom-up inventories and to aide in the development of emission scenarios, particularly in regions where global inventories lack the necessary up-to-date and accurate information regarding regional activity data and emission factors such as Africa and India. Areas of future work aimed at quantifying and reducing uncertainty are also highlighted. A regional comparison of recent CO and NOx trends in the five SSPs indicate that SSP126, a strong pollution control scenario, best represents the trends from the top-down and regional bottom-up inventories in the United States, Europe, and China, while SSP460, a low-pollution control scenario, lies closest to actual trends in West Africa. This analysis can be useful for air quality forecasting and near-future pollution control/mitigation policy studies.
Published: 2020

48. An updated geothermal model of the Dutch subsurface based on inversion of temperature data

Author: Békési, E., Struijk, M., Bonté, D., Veldkamp, H., Limberger, J., Fokker, P.A., Vrijlandt, M., van Wees, J.-D., Tectonics, Experimental rock deformation, Tectonics, Experimental rock deformation, Utrecht University [Utrecht], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 608553 Project IMAGE, and European Project: 608553,EC:FP7:ENERGY,FP7-ENERGY-2013-1,IMAGE(2013)
Subjects: 0211 other engineering and technologies, Geological Survey Netherlands, Regional-scale conductive model, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Data assimilationthe, Geothermal exploration, Data assimilation, 3D thermal field, Pseudo-convection, Thermal, 021108 energy, Petrology, 2015 Energy, Geothermal gradient, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Netherlands, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Geothermal energy, the Netherlands, Geology, Inversion (meteorology), Crust, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Electricity generation, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Regional-scale conductive modelPseudo-convectionData assimilationthe Netherlands, business
Abstract: International audience; The subsurface temperature is one of the most crucial parameters for the development of geothermal energy. Physics-based temperature models calibrated with temperature data are especially relevant for deep geothermal exploration. We present an updated high-resolution 3D thermal model of the onshore Netherlands. We constructed the model in 7 steps, starting from a lithospheric-scale, physics-based forward model and progressively detailing and updating it using temperature data. The model is built up from 14 sedimentary layers and layers for the upper crust, lower crust, and lithospheric mantle. We assigned a-priori thermal properties for each layer and updated them through an inversion procedure by the Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation (ES-MDA), using 1507 temperature measurements as observations. Misfits of the prior model are significantly reduced through the data assimilation procedure, demonstrating the effectiveness of ES-MDA as a tool for calibrating temperature models, supporting high-resolution external constraints. The resulting posterior model describes the thermal state in the uppermost 10 km of the Netherlands with a horizontal resolution of 1 km, a vertical resolution of 200 m, and an overall RMS misfit of 0.7 °C.The thermal state of the deep subsurface is important for geothermal exploration that targets the deeply buried Devonian-Carboniferous carbonate formations in the Netherlands. These reservoirs are potentially suitable for industrial heating applications and electricity production. To this end, one of the main aspects of this study was to incorporate the thermal effect of hydrothermal convection within the Dinantian carbonate platforms, following the example found in the Luttelgeest-01 (LTG-01) well. Our model reveals areas in the Netherlands with potential for convection in these carbonate platforms, highlighting locations that can be suitable for deep geothermal development.
Published: 2020

49. Global analysis of continental boundary layer new particle formation based on long-term measurements

Author: T. Nieminen, V.-M. Kerminen, T. Petäjä, P. P. Aalto, M. Arshinov, E. Asmi, U. Baltensperger, D. C. S. Beddows, J. P. Beukes, D. Collins, A. Ding, R. M. Harrison, B. Henzing, R. Hooda, M. Hu, U. Hõrrak, N. Kivekäs, K. Komsaare, R. Krejci, A. Kristensson, L. Laakso, A. Laaksonen, W. R. Leaitch, H. Lihavainen, N. Mihalopoulos, Z. Németh, W. Nie, C. O'Dowd, I. Salma, K. Sellegri, B. Svenningsson, E. Swietlicki, P. Tunved, V. Ulevicius, V. Vakkari, M. Vana, A. Wiedensohler, Z. Wu, A. Virtanen, M. Kulmala, Aerosol-Cloud-Climate -Interactions (ACCI), INAR Physics, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Eastern Finland, University of Helsinki, Laboratory of Theoretical Spectroscopy [Tomsk] (LTS), V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics (IAO), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS)-Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Nanjing], Nanjing University (NJU), National Centre for Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (NCAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry [Stockholm] (ACES), Stockholm University, Lund University [Lund], Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development (IERSD), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Wigner Research Centre for Physics [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], Center for Physical Sciences and Technology [Vilnius] (FTMC), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Department of Physical Sciences, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, CONDENSATION NUCLEI PRODUCTION, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Particle number, FORMATION EVENTS, Range (biology), AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTION, 116 Chemical sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Orders of magnitude (bit rate), lcsh:Chemistry, ATMOSPHERIC NUCLEATION, SULFURIC-ACID, PARTICULATE MATTER, Growth rate, Southern Hemisphere, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, FREE TROPOSPHERE, Northern Hemisphere, Particulates, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, lcsh:QD1-999, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, BLACK CARBON, Environmental science, HIGH-ALTITUDE SITE, AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important phenomenon in terms of global particle number concentrations. Here we investigated the frequency of NPF, formation rates of 10 nm particles, and growth rates in the size range of 10–25 nm using at least 1 year of aerosol number size-distribution observations at 36 different locations around the world. The majority of these measurement sites are in the Northern Hemisphere. We found that the NPF frequency has a strong seasonal variability. At the measurement sites analyzed in this study, NPF occurs most frequently in March–May (on about 30 % of the days) and least frequently in December–February (about 10 % of the days). The median formation rate of 10 nm particles varies by about 3 orders of magnitude (0.01–10 cm−3 s−1) and the growth rate by about an order of magnitude (1–10 nm h−1). The smallest values of both formation and growth rates were observed at polar sites and the largest ones in urban environments or anthropogenically influenced rural sites. The correlation between the NPF event frequency and the particle formation and growth rate was at best moderate among the different measurement sites, as well as among the sites belonging to a certain environmental regime. For a better understanding of atmospheric NPF and its regional importance, we would need more observational data from different urban areas in practically all parts of the world, from additional remote and rural locations in North America, Asia, and most of the Southern Hemisphere (especially Australia), from polar areas, and from at least a few locations over the oceans.
Published: 2018

50. Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Author: Sonia S Anand, Jackie Bosch, John W Eikelboom, Stuart J Connolly, Rafael Diaz, Peter Widimsky, Victor Aboyans, Marco Alings, Ajay K Kakkar, Katalin Keltai, Aldo P Maggioni, Basil S Lewis, Stefan Störk, Jun Zhu, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Martin O'Donnell, Patrick J Commerford, Dragos Vinereanu, Nana Pogosova, Lars Ryden, Keith A A Fox, Deepak L Bhatt, Frank Misselwitz, John D Varigos, Thomas Vanassche, Alvaro A Avezum, Edmond Chen, Kelley Branch, Darryl P Leong, Shrikant I Bangdiwala, Robert G Hart, Salim Yusuf, JORGELINA SALA, LUIS CARTASEGNA, MARISA VICO, MIGUEL ANGEL HOMINAL, EDUARDO HASBANI, ALBERTO CACCAVO, CESAR ZAIDMAN, DANIEL VOGEL, ADRIAN HRABAR, PABLO OMAR SCHYGIEL, CARLOS CUNEO, HUGO LUQUEZ, IGNACIO J. MACKINNON, RODOLFO ANDRES AHUAD GUERRERO, JUAN PABLO COSTABEL, INES PALMIRA BARTOLACCI, OSCAR MONTANA, MARIA BARBIERI, OSCAR GOMEZ VILAMAJO, RUBEN OMAR GARCIA DURAN, LILIA BEATRIZ SCHIAVI, MARCELO GARRIDO, ADRIAN INGARAMO, ANSELMO PAULINO BORDONAVA, MARIA JOSE PELAGAGGE, LEONARDO NOVARETTO, JUAN PABLO ALBISU DI GENNERO, LUZ MARIA IBANEZ SAGGIA, MOIRA ALVAREZ, NESTOR ALEJANDRO VITA, STELLA MARIS MACIN, RICARDO DARIO DRAN, MARCELO CARDONA, LUIS GUZMAN, RODOLFO JUAN SARJANOVICH, JESUS CUADRADO, SEBASTIAN NANI, MARCOS RAUL LITVAK BRUNO, CAROLINA CHACON, LAURA ELENA MAFFEI, DIEGO GRINFELD, NATALIA VENSENTINI, CLAUDIO RODOLFO MAJUL, HECTOR LUCAS LUCIARDI, PATRICIA DEL CARMEN GONZALEZ COLASO, FREDY ANTONI FERRE PACORA, PAUL VAN DEN HEUVEL, PETER VERHAMME, BAVO ECTOR, PHILIPPE DEBONNAIRE, PHILIPPE VAN DE BORNE, JEAN LEROY, HERMAN SCHROE, PASCAL VRANCKX, IVAN ELEGEERT, ETIENNE HOFFER, KARL DUJARDIN, CLARISSE INDIO DO BRASIL, DALTON PRECOMA, JOSE ANTONIO ABRANTES, EULER MANENTI, GILMAR REIS, JOSE SARAIVA, LILIA MAIA, MAURO HERNANDES, PAULO ROSSI, FABIO ROSSI DOS SANTOS, SERGIO LUIZ ZIMMERMANN, RAFAEL RECH, EDUARDO ABIB JR, PAULO LEAES, ROBERTO BOTELHO, OSCAR DUTRA, WEIMAR SOUZA, MARIA BRAILE, NILO IZUKAWA, JOSE CARLOS NICOLAU, LUIZ FERNANDO TANAJURA, CARLOS VICENTE SERRANO JUNIOR, CESAR MINELLI, LUIZ ANTONIO NASI, LIVIA OLIVEIRA, MARCELO JOSE DE CARVALHO CANTARELLI, RICHARD TYTUS, SHEKHAR PANDEY, EVA LONN, JAMES CHA, SAUL VIZEL, MOHAN BABAPULLE, ANDRE LAMY, KEVIN SAUNDERS, JOSEPH BERLINGIERI, BOB KIAII, RAKESH BHARGAVA, PRAVINSAGAR MEHTA, LAURIE HILL, DAVID FELL, ANDY LAM, FAISAL AL-QOOFI, CRAIG BROWN, ROBERT PETRELLA, JOSEPH A RICCI, ANTHONY GLANZ, NICOLAS NOISEUX, KEVIN BAINEY, FATIMA MERALI, MICHAEL HEFFERNAN, ANTHONY DELLA SIEGA, GILLES R DAGENAIS, FRANCOIS DAGENAIS, STEEVE BRULOTTE, MICHEL NGUYEN, MICHAEL HARTLEIB, RANDOLPH GUZMAN, RONALD BOURGEOIS, DENNIS RUPKA, YAARIV KHAYKIN, GILBERT GOSSELIN, THAO HUYNH, CLAUDE PILON, JEAN CAMPEAU, FRANCIS PICHETTE, ARIEL DIAZ, JAMES JOHNSTON, PRAVIN SHUKLE, GREGORY HIRSCH, PAUL RHEAULT, WLODZIMIERZ CZARNECKI, ANNIE ROY, SHAH NAWAZ, STEPHEN FREMES, DINKAR SHUKLA, GABRIEL JANO, JORGE LEONARDO COBOS, RAMON CORBALAN, MARCELO MEDINA, LEONARDO NAHUELPAN, CARLOS RAFFO, LUIS PEREZ, SERGIO POTTHOFF, BENJAMIN STOCKINS, PABLO SEPULVEDA, CHRISTIAN PINCETTI, MARGARITA VEJAR, HONGYAN TIAN, XUESI WU, YUANNAN KE, KAIYING JIA, PENGFEI YIN, ZHAOHUI WANG, LITIAN YU, SHULIN WU, ZONGQUI WU, SHAO WEN LIU, XIAO JUAN BAI, YANG ZHENG, PING YANG, YUN MEI YANG, JIWEI ZHANG, JUNBO GE, XIAO PING CHEN, JUNXIA LI, TAO HONG HU, RUIYAN ZHANG, ZHE ZHENG, XIN CHEN, LIANG TAO, JIANPING LI, WEIJIAN HUANG, GUOSHENG FU, CHUNJIAN LI, YUGANG DONG, CHUNSHENG WANG, XINMIN ZHOU, YE KONG, ARISTIDES SOTOMAYOR, JOSE LUIS ACCINI MENDOZA, HENRY CASTILLO, MIGUEL URINA, GUSTAVO AROCA, MARITZA PEREZ, DORA INES MOLINA DE SALAZAR, GREGORIO SANCHEZ VALLEJO, MANZUR J FERNANDO, HENRY GARCIA, LUIS HERNANDO GARCIA, EDGAR ARCOS, JUAN GOMEZ, FRANCISCO CUERVO MILLAN, FREDY ALBERTO TRUJILLO DADA, BORIS VESGA, GUSTAVO ADOLFO MORENO SILGADO, EVA ZIDKOVA, JEAN-CLAUDE LUBANDA, MARKETA KALETOVA, RADIM KRYZA, GABRIEL MARCINEK, MAREK RICHTER, JINDRICH SPINAR, JIRI MATUSKA, MARTIN TESAK, ZUZANA MOTOVSKA, MARIAN BRANNY, JIRI MALY, MARTIN MALY, MARTIN WIENDL, LENKA FOLTYNOVA CAISOVA, JOSEF SLABY, PETR VOJTISEK, JAN PIRK, LENKA SPINAROVA, MIROSLAVA BENESOVA, JULIA CANADYOVA, MIROSLAV HOMZA, JINDRICH FLORIAN, ROSTISLAV POLASEK, ZDENEK COUFAL, VLADIMIRA SKALNIKOVA, RADIM BRAT, MIROSLAV BRTKO, PETR JANSKY, JAROSLAV LINDNER, PAVEL MARCIAN, ZBYNEK STRAKA, MARTIN TRETINA, YAN CARLOS DUARTE, FREDDY POW CHON LONG, MAYRA SANCHEZ, JOSE LOPEZ, CARMITA PERUGACHI, RICARDO MARMOL, FREDDY TRUJILLO, PABLO TERAN, JAAKKO TUOMILEHTO, HENRI TUOMILEHTO, MARJA-LEENA TUOMINEN, ILKKA KANTOLA, GABRIEL STEG, VICTOR ABOYANS, FLORENCE LECLERCQ, EMILE FERRARI, FRANCK BOCCARA, EMMANUEL MESSAS, PATRICK MISMETTI, MARIE ANTOINETTE SEVESTRE, GUILLAUME CAYLA, PASCAL MOTREFF, STEFAN STOERK, HANS-DIRK DUENGEN, CHRISTOPH STELLBRINK, OSMAN GUEROCAK, CHRISTOPH KADEL, RUEDIGER BRAUN-DULLAEUS, MICHAEL JESERICH, CHRISTIAN OPITZ, HANS-FRIEDRICH VOEHRINGER, KARL-FRIEDRICH APPEL, BERNHARD WINKELMANN, THOMAS DORSEL, SIGRID NIKOL, HARALD DARIUS, JURGEN RANFT, SEBASTIAN SCHELLONG, WOLFGANG JUNGMAIR, PIROZE DAVIERWALA, MARC VORPAHL, LASZLO BAJNOK, ZOLTAN LASZLO, EBRAHIM NOORI, GABOR VERESS, ANDRAS VERTES, ANDRAS ZSARY, ERNO KIS, LASZLO KORANYI, JUDIT BAKAI, ZOLTAN BODA, FERENC POOR, ZOLTAN JARAI, VENDEL KEMENY, JOHN BARTON, BRENDAN MCADAM, ANDREW MURPHY, PETER CREAN, NIALL MAHON, RONAN CURTIN, BRIAIN MACNEILL, SEAN DINNEEN, MAJDI HALABI, REUVEN ZIMLICHMAN, DAVID ZELTSER, YOAV TURGEMAN, ELIEZER KLAINMAN, BASIL LEWIS, AMOS KATZ, SHAUL ATAR, EUGENIA NIKOLSKY, STEFANO BOSI, MONICA NALDI, POMPILIO FAGGIANO, DEBORA ROBBA, LUCIO MOS, GIANFRANCO SINAGRA, FRANCO COSMI, LUIGI OLTRONA VISCONTI, DE MATTEIS CARMINE, GIUSEPPE DI PASQUALE, MATTEO DI BIASE, SARA MANDORLA, MARINO BERNARDINANGELI, GIOVANNI CARLO PICCINNI, MICHELE MASSIMO GULIZIA, MARCELLO GALVANI, FLAVIO VENTURI, GIORGIO MOROCUTTI, MARIA GRAZIA BALDIN, CARLO OLIVIERI, GIAN PIERO PERNA, VINCENZO CIRRINCIONE, TAKAYASU KANNO, HIROYUKI DAIDA, YUKIO OZAKI, NAOMASA MIYAMOTO, SHINICHI HIGASHIUE, HIROSHI DOMAE, SHINOBU HOSOKAWA, HIROO KOBAYASHI, TAKEHIKO KURAMOCHI, KENSHI FUJII, KAZUAKI MIZUTOMI, KEIJIRO SAKU, KAZUO KIMURA, YOSHIHARU HIGUCHI, MITSUNORI ABE, HARUHITO OKUDA, TOSHIYUKI NODA, TERUAKI MITA, ATSUSHI HIRAYAMA, HARUHIKO ONAKA, MORIAKI INOKO, MITSUGU HIROKAMI, MUNENORI OKUBO, YUTAKA AKATSUKA, MIZUHO IMAMAKI, HARUO KAMIYA, MAMORU MANITA, TOSHIHARU HIMI, HIDEKI UENO, YUJI HISAMATSU, JUNYA AKO, YASUHIRO NISHINO, HIDEO KAWAKAMI, YUTAKA YAMADA, YUKIHIRO KORETSUNE, TAKAHISA YAMADA, TETSURO YOSHIDA, HIDEKI SHIMOMURA, NORIYUKI KINOSHITA, AKIHIKO TAKAHASHI, KHALID YUSOFF, WAN AZMAN WAN AHMAD, MUHAMMAD RADZI ABU HASSAN, SAZZLI KASIM, AIZAI AZAN ABDUL RAHIM, DIMON MOHD ZAMRIN, MASAHARU MACHIDA, YORIHIKO HIGASHINO, NORIAKI UTSU, AKIHIKO NAKANO, SHIGERU NAKAMURA, TETSUO HASHIMOTO, KENJI ANDO, TOMOHIRO SAKAMOTO, F.J. PRINS, DIRK LOK, JOHANNES GERT-JAN MILHOUS, ERIC VIERGEVER, FRANK WILLEMS, HENK SWART, MARCO ALINGS, ROB BREEDVELD, KEES-JAN DE VRIES, ROGER VAN DER BORGH, FANNY OEI, STIENEKE ZOET-NUGTEREN, HANS KRAGTEN, JEAN PAUL HERRMAN, PAUL VAN BERGEN, MARCEL GOSSELINK, EDUARD HOEKSTRA, ERWIN ZEGERS, EELKO RONNER, FRANK DEN HARTOG, GERARD BARTELS, PETER NIEROP, COEN VAN DER ZWAAN, JACOB VAN ECK, EDWIN VAN GORSELEN, BJORN GROENEMEIJER, PIETER HOOGSLAG, MARC ROBERT DE GROOT, ALDRIN LOYOLA, DENNIS JOSE SULIT, NANNETTE REY, MARIA TERESA ABOLA, DANTE MORALES, ELLEN PALOMARES, MARC EVANS ABAT, GREGORIO ROGELIO, PHILIP CHUA, JOSE CARLO DEL PILAR, JOHN DENNIS ALCARAZ, GERALDINE EBO, LOUIE TIRADOR, JOSEFINA CRUZ, JOHN ANONUEVO, ARTHUR PITARGUE, MARIANNA JANION, TOMASZ GUZIK, GRZEGORZ GAJOS, MACIEJ ZABOWKA, ANDRZEJ RYNKIEWICZ, MARLENA BRONCEL, ANDRZEJ SZUBA, DANUTA CZARNECKA, PAWEL MAGA, IRINA STRAZHESKO, YURY VASYUK, ZHANNA SIZOVA, YURY POZDNYAKOV, OLGA BARBARASH, MIKHAIL VOEVODA, TATIANA POPONINA, ALEXEY REPIN, IRINA OSIPOVA, ANNA EFREMUSHKINA, NINA NOVIKOVA, OLEG AVERKOV, DMITRY ZATEYSHCHIKOV, ARKADIY VERTKIN, AZA AUSHEVA, PATRICK COMMERFORD, SAADIYA SEEDAT, LOUIS VAN ZYL, JAN ENGELBRECHT, ELLEN MAKONLI MAKOTOKO, CATHARINA ELIZABETH PRETORIUS, ZAID MOHAMED, ADRIAN HORAK, THOMAS MABIN, ERIC KLUG, JANG-HO BAE, CHEOLHO KIM, CHONG-JIN KIM, DONG-SOO KIM, YONG JIN KIM, SEUNGJAE JOO, JONG-WON HA, CHUL SOO PARK, JANG YOUNG KIM, YOUNG-KWON KIM, CHRISTINA JARNERT, THOMAS MOOE, MIKAEL DELLBORG, INGEMAR TORSTENSSON, PER ALBERTSSON, LARS JOHANSSON, FARIS AL-KHALILI, HENRIK ALMROTH, TOMMY ANDERSSON, EMIL PANTEV, BENGT-OLOV TENGMARK, BO LIU, GUNDARS RASMANIS, CARL-MAGNUS WAHLGREN, TIZIANO MOCCETTI, ALEXANDER PARKHOMENKO, VIRA TSELUYKO, VOLODYMYR VOLKOV, OLENA KOVAL, LYUDMYLA KONONENKO, OLEKSANDR PROKHOROV, VALERIY VDOVYCHENKO, ANDRIY BAZYLEVYCH, LEONID RUDENKO, VADYM VIZIR, OLEKSANDR KARPENKO, YAROSLAV MALYNOVSKY, VALENTYNA KOVAL, BORYS STOROZHUK, JAMES COTTON, ASOK VENKATARAMAN, ANDREW MORIARTY, DEREK CONNOLLY, PATRICK DAVEY, ROXY SENIOR, INDERPAUL BIRDI, JOHN CALVERT, PATRICK DONNELLY, JASPER TREVELYAN, JUSTIN CARTER, AARON PEACE, DAVID AUSTIN, NEVILLE KUKREJA, THOMAS HILTON, SUNNY SRIVASTAVA, RONALD WALSH, RONALD FIELDS, JOSEPH HAKAS, EDWARD PORTNAY, HARINDER GOGIA, ABRAHAM SALACATA, JOHN J. HUNTER, J MICHAEL BACHARACH, NICOLAS SHAMMAS, DAMODHAR SURESH, RICKY SCHNEIDER, PAUL GURBEL, SUBHASH BANERJEE, PAUL GRENA, NOEL BEDWELL, STEPHEN SLOAN, STEVEN LUPOVITCH, ANAND SONI, KATHLEEN GIBSON, RENEE SANGRIGOLI, RAJENDRA MEHTA, PETER I-HSUAN TSAI, EVE GILLESPIE, STEPHEN DEMPSEY, GLENN HAMROFF, ROBERT BLACK, ELLIS LADER, JOHN B. KOSTIS, VERA BITTNER, WILLIAM MCGUINN, KELLEY BRANCH, VINAY MALHOTRA, STEPHEN MICHAELSON, MICHAEL VACANTE, MATTHEW MCCORMICK, RALUCA ARIMIE, ALAN CAMP, GEORGE DAGHER, N. MATHEW KOSHY, STEPHEN THEW, FREDERICK COSTELLO, MARK HEIMAN, ROBERT CHILTON, MICHAEL MORAN, FREDRIC ADLER, ANTHONY COMEROTA, ANDREW SEIWERT, WILLIAM FRENCH, HARVEY SEROTA, ROBERT HARRISON, FAISAL BAKAEEN, SHUAB OMER, LOKESH CHANDRA, ALAN WHELAN, ANDREW BOYLE, PHILIP ROBERTS-THOMSON, JAMES ROGERS, PATRICK CARROLL, DAVID COLQUHOUN, JAMES SHAW, PETER BLOMBERY, JOHN AMERENA, CHRIS HII, ALISTAIR ROYSE, BHUWAN SINGH, JOSEPH SELVANAYAGAM, SHIRLEY JANSEN, WINGCHI LO, CHRISTOPHER HAMMETT, ROHAN POULTER, SESHASAYEE NARASIMHAN, HENRIK WIGGERS, HENRIK NIELSEN, GUNNAR GISLASON, LARS KOBER, KIM HOULIND, VIBEKE BOENELYKKE SOERENSEN, ULRIK DIXEN, JENS REFSGAARD, ELISABETH ZEUTHEN, PETER SOEGAARD, MARIAN HRANAI, LUDOVIT GASPAR, DANIEL PELLA, KATARINA HATALOVA, ERIKA DROZDAKOVA, IOAN COMAN, DOINA DIMULESCU, DRAGOS VINEREANU, MIRCEA CINTEZA, CRINA SINESCU, CATALINA ARSENESCU, IMRE BENEDEK, ELENA BOBESCU, DAN DOBREANU, DAN GAITA, ADRIAN IANCU, ADRIANA ILIESIU, DANIEL LIGHEZAN, LUCIAN PETRESCU, OCTAVIAN PIRVU, IULIA TEODORESCU, DAN TESLOIANU, MARIUS MARCIAN VINTILA, OVIDIU CHIONCEL, Divisions of Cardiology and Thromboembolism McMaster University Hamiton, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire - Médecine vasculaire [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Research Center [Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri] (ANMCO Research Center), Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri (ANMCO), Department of Statistics, University of Haifa [Haifa], Cardiology, University and Emergency Hospital, University of Edinburgh, VA Boston Healthcare System, Hamilton General Hospital, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Cardiology Department, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, University of Parma, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Laval University and Hospital Heart and Lung Institute, UVSQ - UFR des sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, Department of Public Health, Hémostase, bio-ingénierie et remodelage cardiovasculaires (LBPC), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Galilée, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Hôpital Pasteur [Nice] (CHU), Service de Cardiologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupe de recherche sur la thrombose (GRT (EA 3065)), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes (CHRU Nîmes), CHU Gabriel Montpied (CHU), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Medicine (DEBRECEN - Dpt Medicine), University of Debrecen, University of Trieste, Lab Dev Cell Biol,Bunkyo Ku, The University of Tokyo, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamienskiego, Division of Angiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Cardiocentro Ticino [Lugano], University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Sandwell General Hospital, Physiopathologie et thérapie des déficits sensoriels et moteurs, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-IFR76-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Université de Médecine Carol Davila, Cardiology Department [Târgu Mureș], University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Târgu Mureș, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases C.C. Iliescu, Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri [Firenze] (ANMCO), University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), and Copenhagen University Hospital
Subjects: Carotid Artery Diseases, Male, Myocardial Infarction, MESH: Lower Extremity, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, THERAPY, Stroke/epidemiology, MESH: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, 0302 clinical medicine, Rivaroxaban, prevention, Hemorrhage/chemically induced, MESH: Peripheral Arterial Disease, MESH: Double-Blind Method, guidelines, MESH: Incidence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality, risk, RISK, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, Incidence, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Stroke, MESH: Myocardial Infarction, Lower Extremity, Cardiovascular Diseases, MESH: Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Factor Xa Inhibitors/administration & dosage, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, MESH: Factor Xa Inhibitors, OUTPATIENTS, MESH: Rivaroxaban, management, MESH: Hemorrhage, metaanalysis, Lower Extremity/blood supply, Rivaroxaban/administration & dosage, Hemorrhage, MESH: Drug Administration Schedule, Amputation, Surgical, Drug Administration Schedule, MESH: Stroke, Peripheral Arterial Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, atherothrombosis, Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology, MANAGEMENT, Humans, MESH: Amputation, MESH: Aspirin, Aspirin/administration & dosage, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage, METAANALYSIS, Aged, MESH: Humans, Aspirin, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, MESH: Carotid Artery Diseases, MORTALITY, MESH: Cardiovascular Diseases, cardiovascular event rates, PREVENTION, CARDIOVASCULAR EVENT RATES, MESH: Male, outpatients, atrial-fibrillation, MESH: Drug Therapy, Combination, MESH: Morbidity, Carotid Artery Diseases/complications, lower-extremity amputation, Peripheral Arterial Disease/complications, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Morbidity, MESH: Female, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Amputation/statistics & numerical data, Factor Xa Inhibitors
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with peripheral artery disease have an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Antiplatelet agents are widely used to reduce these complications.METHODS: This was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial for which patients were recruited at 602 hospitals, clinics, or community practices from 33 countries across six continents. Eligible patients had a history of peripheral artery disease of the lower extremities (previous peripheral bypass surgery or angioplasty, limb or foot amputation, intermittent claudication with objective evidence of peripheral artery disease), of the carotid arteries (previous carotid artery revascularisation or asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of at least 50%), or coronary artery disease with an ankle-brachial index of less than 0·90. After a 30-day run-in period, patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive oral rivaroxaban (2·5 mg twice a day) plus aspirin (100 mg once a day), rivaroxaban twice a day (5 mg with aspirin placebo once a day), or to aspirin once a day (100 mg and rivaroxaban placebo twice a day). Randomisation was computer generated. Each treatment group was double dummy, and the patient, investigators, and central study staff were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or stroke; the primary peripheral artery disease outcome was major adverse limb events including major amputation. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01776424, and is closed to new participants.FINDINGS: Between March 12, 2013, and May 10, 2016, we enrolled 7470 patients with peripheral artery disease from 558 centres. The combination of rivaroxaban plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone reduced the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (126 [5%] of 2492 vs 174 [7%] of 2504; hazard ratio [HR] 0·72, 95% CI 0·57-0·90, p=0·0047), and major adverse limb events including major amputation (32 [1%] vs 60 [2%]; HR 0·54 95% CI 0·35-0·82, p=0·0037). Rivaroxaban 5 mg twice a day compared with aspirin alone did not significantly reduce the composite endpoint (149 [6%] of 2474 vs 174 [7%] of 2504; HR 0·86, 95% CI 0·69-1·08, p=0·19), but reduced major adverse limb events including major amputation (40 [2%] vs 60 [2%]; HR 0·67, 95% CI 0·45-1·00, p=0·05). The median duration of treatment was 21 months. The use of the rivaroxaban plus aspirin combination increased major bleeding compared with the aspirin alone group (77 [3%] of 2492 vs 48 [2%] of 2504; HR 1·61, 95% CI 1·12-2·31, p=0·0089), which was mainly gastrointestinal. Similarly, major bleeding occurred in 79 (3%) of 2474 patients with rivaroxaban 5 mg, and in 48 (2%) of 2504 in the aspirin alone group (HR 1·68, 95% CI 1·17-2·40; p=0·0043).INTERPRETATION: Low-dose rivaroxaban taken twice a day plus aspirin once a day reduced major adverse cardiovascular and limb events when compared with aspirin alone. Although major bleeding was increased, fatal or critical organ bleeding was not. This combination therapy represents an important advance in the management of patients with peripheral artery disease. Rivaroxaban alone did not significantly reduce major adverse cardiovascular events compared with asprin alone, but reduced major adverse limb events and increased major bleeding.FUNDING: Bayer AG.
Published: 2018

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