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The article is dedicated to the analysis of a new category of rights, which legal specialists refer to as the fourth generation of rights. This is directly related to the rapid development of new technologies and significant changes in legal relations that have emerged at present, as well as the emergence of new forms of business activities and certain information asymmetry, and the sharp increase in online life, which increasingly requires legal regulation. These factors influence the increase and intensification of challenges for both international and national law. The article analyzes the possible risks associated with the violation of such important values as freedom of expression, justice, and the rule of law, leading to the threat of human rights violations in the information space and the inability to protect them due to the lack of legal certainty and the absence of legal frameworks. Therefore, the author provides certain options for resolving the issue of protecting digital human rights. The article explores digital human rights and the specifics of their restriction in the context of contemporary legal challenges. Given society’s increasing dependence on information technologies, the protection of digital rights is becoming a crucial aspect of ensuring citizens’ fundamental freedoms. The main international legal documents regulating digital rights, such as the European Convention on Human Rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, are examined. Special attention is given to the conditions for derogating digital rights during emergencies, particularly in the context of the Russian Federation’s military aggression against Ukraine. The main forms of digital rights violations are analyzed, including Internet access restrictions, censorship, privacy breaches, disinformation, and propaganda. The article emphasizes the necessity of adhering to the principles of legality, necessity, proportionality, and temporariness when restricting digital rights to ensure a balance between national security and the preservation of fundamental human rights. An authorial definition of the term “digital rights” is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated that, following a breast cancer (BC) diagnosis, patients are eager to obtain information on cancer and nutrition, in order to ameliorate both their quality of life (QoL) and disease outcome. To avoid BC survivors to get wrong information from unreliable sources, healthcare providers need to be aware of patients’ needs, to guide them toward optimal nutrition recommendations, aimed at preventing tumor recurrence and increasing survival rates. Material and methods: The cross-sectional web-based survey “Nutrition and breast cancer, what would you like to know?” has been conceived and conducted, in Italy, between the 2nd and the 25th of June 2023. The link to the 19-items questionnaire, structured in 6 sections, was distributed via social media (Facebook and Instagram), newsletter, institutional websites, and printed flyers. Patients’ responses were collected and analyzed, reporting absolute and relative frequencies. Results: A total of 1616 participants (98.9% female and 1.1% male), with an average age of 47.5 years, answered the survey. Only subjects who declared having previously received a BC diagnosis (N=1159, 71.7%) were included in the present analysis. Overall, the respondents showed a wide interest in understanding whether nutrition might help to manage therapy side effects, as well as knowing how specific diets, foods, nutrients, and supplements could affect disease onset, progression and prognosis. Importantly, the need to receive evidence-based information from the “referring physician/specialist” and “nutritionist/dietitian” was expressed by 95.8% and 88.8% of them, respectively Discussion: In this study, we primarily aimed at intercepting nutrition information needs and sources of an Italian BC survivors’ group. Based on that, we first organized a proactive digital intervention, to respond via Instagram live broadcasts to patients’ “cancer and nutrition”-related questions. Secondly, we arranged a healthcare providers dedicated-workshop focused on the latest evidence-based knowledge on nutrition and BC. It is crucial, in fact, that once healthcare professionals capture patients’ information needs, they can respond with appropriate nutritional guidance, counseling and education programs, while counteracting misleading and incorrect messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the criminal-legal, criminological, and forensic characteristics, as well as specific investigative aspects, of “trash streams” – online broadcasts that display the commission of crimes. These streams contain criminologically significant information and promote unlawful behavior, making the actions of individuals involved in such broadcasts subject to criminal and forensic analysis. It is concluded that current criminal law does not establish separate liability for trash streams; within the framework of existing legislation, there has only been an intensification of criminal responsibility for already established crimes against individuals. In attempts to impose specific liability for trash streams, legislators have not adequately addressed the criminal motives of the perpetrators or the role of “viewers” of these streams. However, complicity provisions allow law enforcement to consider these viewers as accomplices or instigators. The Authors argue that in cases of live broadcasting of illegal actions as specified under Articles 105, 111, 112, 117, 119, 126, 127, 1271 , and 1272 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, it is appropriate to consider the context of the crime’s commission. Meanwhile, the broadcast of recordings of these crimes should be treated as criminalized post-crime behavior. In both scenarios, public morality serves as an auxiliary object of this category of crimes.

As it becomes increasingly clear how central digital transformation is to development, the need for clarifying concepts and for coming up with standardized and accurate measures for digital inclusion becomes more urgent. Focusing on the internet as a foundational technology, this paper sets out a framework of core components of digital inclusion—including access/use, quality of access/use, affordability, and digital skills. The paper then surveys the ways these components are currently measured in household and firm surveys and by international organizations. Building on simple descriptive analysis of data from a wide range of sources, the paper highlights some of the often-overlooked weaknesses of current measures, and suggests possible improvements. The paper argues that (a) metrics for certain core components of digital inclusion—including quality of access/use and digital skills—are relatively underdeveloped, (b) some questions on technology use and skills may need to be adapted to developing country settings, (c) more attention should be paid to within-country inequalities in statistics reported by international organizations, (d) currently available digital inclusion indices are not very useful, and (e) there is much potential in using big data methods to measure digital inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractMass media have been a significant element in society. However, as people have more access to information and communication technology, they spend more time on digital media than on mass media. Thus, we explore this issue along with the factors and implications that this trend might bring about. This is the first study to conduct an in-depth comparative analysis along with literature review to understand this major change in media consumption. The paper first analyzes the characteristics and the communication process of mass and digital media. Then, we compare mass media and digital media’s usage, the numbers of Internet and digital media’ users in the United States along with global social media users. We discover the usage per day for digital media has increased while that for mass media declined. We explore the reasons behind this change and identify factors affecting the marketers’ decisions to change the ways they spend marketing communications’ budget on both types of media. We are also interested in the roles of mass media in the era when digital media gain more popularity. Implications and recommendations for marketers to cope with this major change are discussed including the impact on target market selection, marketing communications budget planning, functions of the media, behavioral transactions of both types of media, new supporting roles of the mass media and the roles of both types of media in supporting integrated marketing communications’ campaigns.

We construct an instrumental variable for the Internet penetration rate using China's “8-horizontal-8-longitudinal” optical cable network to identify the impact of the Internet on the agglomeration of producer services in cities. We find that, (i) the Internet promotes the agglomeration of producer services to cities with larger population sizes due to the higher knowledge intensity of large cities; (ii) the Internet can strengthen the role of the expansion of the manufacturing industry in a city or its surrounding areas in promoting producer services agglomeration in large cities, which in turn promotes the agglomeration of producer services to large cities.

This paper aims to better understand and account for potential difficulties in empathising with each other in online spaces. I argue that two important differences between online and in-person communication are both to do with what information comes across in equivalent interactions. Firstly, there are ways in which less information comes across in online interactions (both consciously and unconsciously). Secondly, agents have greater control over what information comes across in online interactions. I argue that these differences can cause problems in terms of whether online spaces are as fruitful ground for empathising with each other. This is because the information that gets left out is often what's important for building up a fuller and more vivid picture of what the other person's experiences are like, such as identity-markers or vulnerabilities. But despite this, I end on an optimistic note, because we will become more practiced at reading between the lines, as well as adapting and using media more creatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a systematic review of the quantitative social science research on broadband Internet technology in rural areas. Specifically, we summarize the literature on 1) rural broadband availability and adoption behaviors and 2) the implications of these behaviors for rural businesses, public policy initiatives, and regional development. In the studies reviewed, rural areas suffer from both lower availability and lower adoption rates compared to their urban counterparts. However, researchers disagree on whether supply frictions inherent to rural areas or heterogeneous demand and adoption behaviors are the major cause of this outcome. Researchers widely agree that high-speed Internet improves economic outcomes of rural areas, whether it is through increases in business activity or in more general economic development measures (e.g. productivity, jobs, income). Impact evaluations of rural broadband policy initiatives produced mixed results, highlighting the need for a better understanding of agents' incentives. This review points to four areas for future research. One, assessments of the long-term impact of broadband on rural economies. Two, analyses of the net effect of broadband on economic development outcomes (e.g. migrants, job creation). Three, assessments of economic development impacts associated with broadband speed. Four, assessments of the efficacy of broadband policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prohuman is the property of Business Intelligence Club, o.z. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Legal & Comparative Jurisprudence Studies (LCJS) / Mağallaẗ al-Duwaliyyaẗ Li-&-Dirāsāt al-Qānūniyyaẗ Wa-al-Fiqhiyyaẗ al-Muqāranaẗ is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionSeveral studies have demonstrated that, following a breast cancer (BC) diagnosis, patients are eager to obtain information on cancer and nutrition, in order to ameliorate both their quality of life (QoL) and disease outcome. To avoid BC survivors to get wrong information from unreliable sources, healthcare providers need to be aware of patients’ needs, to guide them toward optimal nutrition recommendations, aimed at preventing tumor recurrence and increasing survival rates.Material and methodsThe cross-sectional web-based survey “Nutrition and breast cancer, what would you like to know?” has been conceived and conducted, in Italy, between the 2nd and the 25th of June 2023. The link to the 19-items questionnaire, structured in 6 sections, was distributed via social media (Facebook and Instagram), newsletter, institutional websites, and printed flyers. Patients’ responses were collected and analyzed, reporting absolute and relative frequencies.ResultsA total of 1616 participants (98.9% female and 1.1% male), with an average age of 47.5 years, answered the survey. Only subjects who declared having previously received a BC diagnosis (N=1159, 71.7%) were included in the present analysis. Overall, the respondents showed a wide interest in understanding whether nutrition might help to manage therapy side effects, as well as knowing how specific diets, foods, nutrients, and supplements could affect disease onset, progression and prognosis. Importantly, the need to receive evidence-based information from the “referring physician/specialist” and “nutritionist/dietitian” was expressed by 95.8% and 88.8% of them, respectively.DiscussionIn this study, we primarily aimed at intercepting nutrition information needs and sources of an Italian BC survivors’ group. Based on that, we first organized a proactive digital intervention, to respond via Instagram live broadcasts to patients’ “cancer and nutrition”-related questions. Secondly, we arranged a healthcare providers dedicated-workshop focused on the latest evidence-based knowledge on nutrition and BC. It is crucial, in fact, that once healthcare professionals capture patients’ information needs, they can respond with appropriate nutritional guidance, counseling and education programs, while counteracting misleading and incorrect messages.

This article argues that the Internet is a relational space. It draws on a provocative, multimedia trilogy by German video artist Brenda Lien to analyse the challenges to notions of sovereign subjectivity posed by the digital age. Lien's Call of ... trilogy explores the ambivalences of life on the participatory Internet, deploying at times shocking images of violence to undermine Web 2.0's appealing aesthetics and cheery injunctions to its users to self-optimize and so gain personal sovereignty. The Internet's spread in the 1990s into mass consumer use coincided with conservative ideologies aimed at promoting the 'sovereign individual' (Dale Davidson and William Rees-Mogg, 2008), capable of profiting in the dotcom era from neoliberal codes of conduct and low regulations. Since then, dataveillance via Internet platforms has grown to reduce technology users' agency and privacy, framing Internet connectivity as a forcibly relational state, despite the individualist self-optimization opportunities it offers. The article reveals networked connectivity as an ambivalent mode of relationality, both necessary due to the communication and affiliation the Internet makes possible, and worrisome due to the connection it forces between technology users and corporations, unanswerably profiting from human needs in a way that challenges the sovereignty of the networked subject radically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to verify the research thesis stating that the combination of Islam and the digital, information and communications, and technological progress has both a bright (positive) and, unfortunately, a dominant, dark (negative) side. Islam and digital or ICT progress are not contradictory, and the proper use of digital tools, without resorting to violence, expansion or war, serves the development and strengthening of Islam. Nevertheless, in the twenty-first century digital progress has proven to be the phenomenon which most noticeably influenced the expansion of terrorist (jihadist) attitudes and has become a catalyst for the emergence and rapid development of cyber jihad within the cyber ummah. For Islamic fundamentalists, tradition remains crucial, but radical scholars in Islamic law argue that to defend that tradition against Western influences, one must embrace the latest and most advanced digital technologies. E-jihad has thus become one of the most effective forms of both offensive and defensive jihad, and it can be presumed that its development will continue in the coming decades. The popularity, consolidation, and development of e-jihad are directly proportional to digital progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of a Palestinian knowledge society requires the presence of a human force with a high level of education and high technical skills. University and research centers are central in knowledge production. This study aims to identify the educational requirements for achieving a knowledge society in Palestinian society in the occupied territories of 1967, the role of Palestinian universities in building a knowledge society, and examining the impact of Zionist occupation practices in controlling communication technologies and in building a Palestinian knowledge society. The study shows the disparity between administrations in Palestinian universities, the clarity of their plans and policies in promoting scientific research, and the impact of occupation practices on the Palestinian knowledge production in terms of quantity and quality, and thus in the process of building a Palestinian knowledge society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economic Administrative & Legal Sciences is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: With the online proliferation of illegal substances, the Internet offers a wide variety of information on the acquisition and intake of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and other performance and image enhancing drugs. This study focuses on investigating the characteristics of the online AAS market in Central Asia. Objectives: The primary objectives of this study were to investigate the accessibility and features of the online market for AAS in Central Asia. To achieve this, we employed a netnographic approach for a systematic exploration of websites advertising and selling AAS. The study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of several key aspects, including the variety of AAS products offered, the quality of health advice provided the level of product availability, the procedures involved in making purchases, and the pricing structures within this market. Results: Twenty-one websites supplying AAS in Central Asia met our inclusion criteria. Using content analysis, data were gathered on AAS offerings, quality of health advice provided, availability, purchase process, and prices. Data were synthesized using descriptive statistics. Results indicate that AAS are easily accessible for purchase without valid medical prescription in the Central Asia online market. Most websites advertised the aesthetic and ergogenic benefits of AAS use without indicating the potential complications and adverse effects. Conclusions: Public health efforts to mitigate AAS use in Central Asia should consider both the online accessibility of AAS and the lack of accompanying information on potential complications as well as adverse effects associated with their use. Efforts must be intensified to curtail the proliferation of AAS and related misleading information on the Central Asian online market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the complex of digitization functions of marketing resources in conditions of economic uncertainty, their interrelationship, and the proven direct impact of the digitization process on the efficiency of enterprise management. It is concluded that modern business structures use digital technologies as a competitive advantage in all areas of their activity: operational processes, business processes, finance, marketing and interaction with market stakeholders. On the basis of the positive correlations summarized by the authors, it can be assumed that the efforts aimed at the digitization of processes can be considered as a managerial innovation that ensures the growth of innovations and increases the efficiency of the functioning of the business structure. On the basis of a systemic approach, the authors substantiated and built a complex functionality of the process of digitization of the company’s marketing resources. In the architecture of complex functionality, the digitization process is determined by the digitization functions of marketing resources, in particular: analytical (data collection and analysis), communication (Internet advertising), sales (sales via the Internet), and the function of regulation and control (regulates and controls the digitization processes of the marketing department). The synthesis of the theory of random processes together with the systemic approach enabled the authors to define marketing resources for enterprise activities as a complete functional dynamic system with a discrete state, in which for each moment of time the economic security of the enterprise in the future depends on the current state of digitization and does not depend on how this state was reached. The prognostic and transformational probabilistic method for determining the effectiveness of digitization of marketing resources of an enterprise’s activities is proposed, which combines the potential of the enterprise’s marketing resources and the functions performed by marketing and allows for taking into account factors of the internal and external environment, the influence of which causes the emergence of risky situations that lead to unjustified losses of the enterprise. The authors have proven the effectiveness of using digital marketing tools within the scope of each marketing function to prevent the occurrence of risky situations in the company’s activities. Within the framework of the analytical function of marketing, a study of the competitive environment has been carried out, the market share of the enterprise has been recognized, an estimate of costs for marketing research has been prepared. Indicators of the communication functionality of marketing activities in the total amount of marketing expenses complement and justify its decisive influence on the general state of not only marketing, but also the entire economic activity of the enterprise. Indicators of the sales function of marketing determine the elasticity of demand for manufactured products, as well as other sales costs. The marketing functionality of regulation and control allows to analyze the relationship between the costs of ensuring the movement of goods and the received income. The markers defined by the authors of each element of the architecture of the process of digitization of the marketing business structure contribute to increasing the efficiency of evaluating the company’s activity in accordance with the main goal and purpose of the company operating in a structured market space and supporting the marketing concept of development, obtaining profit (income) and satisfying the most demanding needs of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire Canine & Féline is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In today’s rapidly developing world, where information technologies are becoming an indispensable component of social life, the “digital age” concept is gaining special importance. This era is characterized by the pragmatic use of digital technologies in all spheres of economic, social, and cultural activity. In this context, an important aspect of the functioning of modern society is intellectual property law, which in the digital age acquires new challenges and opportunities. Intellectual property law recognizes and protects the intellectual and creative achievements of an individual or collective, giving them the right to own and control these achievements. Importantly, intellectual property law helps stimulate creativity and innovation, as it provides appropriate economic incentives to intellectual property owners. The growing use of digital technologies and the Internet raises several new questions and challenges related to intellectual property rights. On the one hand, the digital age creates unique opportunities for the creation, distribution, and use of intellectual property, leading to new forms of creativity and supporting cultural exchange. On the other hand, it creates problems regarding the control, protection, and reproduction of this property in the digital environment, particularly the growth of piracy and copyright infringement. In the digital age, intellectual property rights become the basis for innovation, technological development, and cultural exchange. Understanding its functions, challenges, and prospects is an important task for the further development of society in the digital age. In this context, the study highlights key aspects and solutions to the problem of intellectual property rights in the digital age, in particular, the role of legal norms, protection measures, innovation, and cooperation at the international level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functioning of any democratic society should be based on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, and the rule of law. Guarantees for such a state of affairs exist in various regulations, both at the international level and in domestic legislation. Therefore, the state and its institution should take care not only for promoting the fair value but also for preventing form promoting the anti-value. Contents appearing on the Internet-in various forms of social media, alongside many positive aspects, contain content promoting something that can be called anti-values. Access to this content is universal or public, meaning that it affects not only adult members of society but also underage or minor individuals. The main subject of this article is the harmful influence of some content of social media and the threat related to this content. The research hypothesis is given, that social media are promoting anti-values which may be harmful for society and therefore, some action should be taken to prevent this situation. Article discusses such issues as values and anti-values, the phenomenon of influencer. Some examples of harmful content given by social media also are presented. The main research method used in this article is the analyzes of different content of social media. Finally, we will conclude with the statement that content presented in social media, next to good and proper things, contains a lot of harmful ideas and the promotion of anti-values which are a threat to society’s life and as such they must be combated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify the positive and negative effects of digital culture on undergraduate students. The first for libraries and information departments in the Arab world from their point of view and their attitudes towards it. The study population consisted of a random sample of 650 people, of whom (633) answered, at a rate of (97.4%), The Arab world was divided into three regions: (the countries of the Levant, the Arab Gulf countries, and the Arab countries in Morocco Arabia and Africa). The researcher designed a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were verified as a study tool to collect information. It consisted of two main areas - the first: the positive effects, and the second: the negative effects. The researcher divided each field into three sub-fields -personal domain, social domain and academic domain). To achieve the goal of the study. The researcher relied on the descriptive survey method. The results showed that the positive personal and academic effects of digital culture has a high rating level, while social impact has a medium rating level and that. Negative effects for all domains (personal, social and academic) respectively have also received degrees of average estimate, (between the arithmetic averages (α≤0.05). The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences when indicating. To estimate the effects of digital culture by students of library departments on them due to the variables (gender, academic level, and region), their attitude towards digital culture was positive and high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As there are more and more bilingual couples who ran vlogs to share their bilingual and intercultural lives on the internet, this paper seeks to delineate the sources of motivation for these couples to disclose their privacy through vlogging. Based on the sample of selected vlogs, a qualitative analysis has been conducted to obtain the sociolinguistic picture of the bilingual couples’ motivations to attract wider audiences via the internet. The analysis of vlogs, informed by a multimodal theoretical framework, focused on the audiovisual and textual content of vlogs with regard to the subjective representations of films and texts resulting from these couples’ individual stories. The conducted study spotlights vlogging activities of bilingual couples who feel the need to share their intercultural and bilingual experiences on the internet. Our data suggest that bilingual couples vlog to express their hybrid identities by sharing how they cope with challenges and overcome linguistic barriers, as well as find ways to enjoy cross-cultural understanding. The paper explores the linguistic and cultural diversity from a new perspective of private vlogs created and maintained by bilingual couples. It unfolds an account of the less studied online context in which partners of different ethnic backgrounds make their private lives public, and illustrates how bilingual couples generate ideas to filming and sharing online.

The article discusses the research aimed at revealing the meanings that children give to their daily participation in the digital community. For several decades, the immersion of children in the online world has been evoking different opinions of adults – from those very enthusiastic to those highly alarmist. However, it seems to be essential to listen to the voice of the children themselves. This creates an opportunity to rise above the level of assessing the impact of media on children and to reach the space that hide a repertoire of colorful experiences related to the presence of children in the online world. For this purpose, children aged 8–10 took part in the focus interviews. The research material was collected and analyzed according to Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke’s six-stage analytical framework. One of the most important conclusions is that online activity fills children’s everyday life to a large extent and their online presence is naturally intertwined with being offline. Children perceive the internet as a source of many opportunities and declare that they feel safe, as they are aware of the rules that must be followed in it. The Internet provides them space where they can be together and engage in many activities. Children appreciate the value of face-to-face contacts, which they find different from those mediated by technology.

This article explores various aspects of digitalization in Tajikistan, using methods of statistical and horizontal analysis, and the method of data comparison, a comparative analysis of the state of fixed and mobile broadband, speed and price of the Internet in Tajikistan with several countries in Central Asia. The place of the republic in international rankings, as well as a discussion of the existing opportunities and problems in this area are carried out. It has been revealed that despite the adoption of several legal acts that keep up with the times, the country lags behind in the development of its digital infrastructure and technological competitiveness, which hinder the realization of its digital potential. It is emphasized that as far as ICT legal regulation is concerned, Tajikistan over the past thirteen years has not been able to move from one level of regulation to another, having failed to carry out important reforms and thereby to climb the regulatory ladder. Based on the results of the study of the state of digital technologies in the country, the main directions of measures for the transition to unlocking the potential of digital technologies are put forward, which are as follows: (i) bringing regulatory legal acts in digital technologies in line with the adopted strategic goals and objectives; (ii) abolition of state monopolies on the provision of ICT services; (iii) the presence of political will.

This paper establishes an evaluation index system for the effectiveness of online teaching of ideological and political theory courses in colleges and universities. Then the AHP method is used to study the weight of each evaluation index. The review found that the online education of ideological and political courses in universities is generally “strong” under the current situation. Based on this, this paper comprehensively evaluates college students’ ideological and political work. Educational institutions can then develop targeted improvement plans on a quantitative basis. The results of this paper lay a foundation for the implementation of precision teaching.

The current situation in the economy, emerging under the influence of crisis phenomena, and increased competition in the market require innovative business structures to search for new ways to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of their employees. Trends are shaping a new landscape of strategic HR management, where innovative business structures must be prepared for constant change, invest in employee development and maintain adaptability in the changing environment of modern business. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced businesses to rethink work arrangements where remote work has become an integral part of business processes, requiring new HR strategies to ensure efficiency and support teamwork, increasing flexibility and ensuring smooth operations. In conditions of movement restrictions, digital technologies have become the basis for hiring, training, and motivating staff. The use of data analytics for management decision making has also become an integral part of strategic human resources management. Advances in technology and changes in the business environment have created a need to constantly update employee skills. Companies are actively implementing specialized training programs aimed at preparing personnel for new challenges. The goal is to understand the evolution of approaches to HR management in the “pre-Covid” and “post-Covid” periods. The paper considers the main trends in the development of strategic HR management in innovative business structures under the influence of the variability of the external environment caused by the pandemic and its consequences. The development of organizations using information and communication technologies is analyzed, and the dynamics of Internet penetration in Kyrgyzstan for 2013–2021 are presented. Companies actively implemented digital technologies to support business processes under conditions of restrictions, revised their employment models, introducing flexible forms of employment to better respond to changes in the labor market and use resources more efficiently. In this regard, the types of application of crowd technologies in strategic HR management are presented, providing innovative business structures with the opportunity to effectively use the knowledge, experience and creative potential of many people to achieve strategic goals in the era of digital economy.

The article examines the issue of ensuring information security of Ukraine in the conditions of modern challenges and threats from the Russian Federation. It is noted that the stability of the functioning of institutions of public authority, the preservation of law and order is a necessary prerequisite for the observance of human rights. In the conditions of technological development, ensuring information security is one of the most important guarantees of human rights. The basis of such guarantees is the observance of the principles of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information and information systems. In order to ensure the information security of the individual, special legal frameworks for the protection of the right to the inviolability of private life are being developed, as well as additional mechanisms for its protection related to the establishment of specific requirements in the field of collection and processing of personal information. In order to ensure national security and information security of the state as one of its components, the most important guarantee of human rights is the observance of the principle of proportionality when restricting them. Most states have responded to the threats to national security that have grown recently by expanding the authorities' powers to access, collect and process personal information, which are now not limited to any particular categories of information. At the same time, approaches to ensuring the proportionality of measures taken to ensure national security may also differ in different states. It is emphasized that the actions of modern terrorists go beyond elementary humanitarian principles (in this context, we can talk about the Russian Federation as the most dangerous terrorist of the modern period of human development). There is contempt for the basics of humanity. In the conditions of such a struggle, it is difficult to call for respect for human rights, to apply this message to those who completely ignore it. Almost every day, state institutions, mass media, critical infrastructure objects, and the life support system are exposed to powerful cyber attacks using advanced information technologies. All this is part of a coordinated informational aggression against Ukraine. It was concluded that special attention should be paid to the tasks of protecting the relevant resources of the executive authorities, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. It is necessary to constantly improve the measures taken for this purpose, to establish day-to-day control of the execution of relevant assignments of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. It is emphasized that in the conditions of geopolitical instability and transformation of the world order, modern cyber-attacks, which are characterized by non-standard methods, methods and means of their perpetration, require, at the legislative level, prompt work to prevent and prevent a destructive impact on domestic information resources and the information infrastructure of the public and private sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to thoroughly research Habermas’ view of technology with regard to his discourse ethics. In the first part of the article, Habermas’ theoretical starting points concerning the question of technology are presented. In the next segment, findings are presented, which can be traced mainly in an indirect way from Habermas’ discussions on media theory and from his theory of the colonization of the lifeworld. In the next step, Habermas’ relation to the phenomenon of mass media is addressed. The mass media are understood as a concrete expression of modern progress and are closely linked to technological development. In the last part of the article, Habermas’ relation to the internet is presented. The internet is widely considered an alternative to the mass media in modern times. The article presents a holistic analysis of Habermas’ relation to technology. It also presents some interesting findings regarding Habermas’ positioning towards the mass media and the internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the system of Ukrainian legislation in the field of copyright protection on the Internet, as well as to the provision of proposals on the basis of this analysis to improve the regulatory regulation of copyright protection on the Internet. It has been established that the development of the latest digital technologies, the large-scale use of the Internet, along with numerous positive aspects, causes a number of problems related to the protection of copyright. It is noted that in the field of improving the protection of intellectual rights in general and copyrights in particular, positive changes have taken place in recent years regarding the protection and protection of copyrights. An important step in the field of copyright protection was the adoption in December 2022 of the new Law «On Copyright and Related Rights». Innovations in the field of copyright protection on the Internet, which are provided for by the new Law «On Copyright and Related Rights», have been analyzed. In particular, the new powers of the patent attorney, cases of extending the time limits for the performance of certain actions by website owners and hosting service providers, the procedure for holding the hosting service provider or website owner to account for failure to perform certain actions provided for by law, new opportunities for the applicant to specify data on hosting provider or website owner. Considering the procedure for copyright protection in court, it is proposed to introduce the «John Doe» concept into the rules of procedural law, according to which the right holder has the opportunity to initiate legal proceedings even when the identity of the offender is not established at the time of filing the lawsuit. The authors draw attention to the need to create a specialized court that will consider disputes in the field of intellectual property, work on the creation of which began back in 2017, but is currently incomplete and slowed down. In the conclusions to this article, the authors substantiate the relevance and need for further research in this area, as well as the need for further reform of national legislation in the field of copyright protection on the Internet in order to reduce offenses in this area and effectively protect the rights of authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The results of the qualitative, multidisciplinary, and explorative research show that young people use various digital platforms to shape their understanding of facts and fiction. This research asks: 1) To what degree do young people between 16-29 years old use digital platforms as sources of information or news? and 2) To what degree are young people between 16-29 years old aware of disinformation campaigns on social media platforms? Out of all the n=362 young, anonymous, and volunteer research participants, everyone used various digital platforms as a source for credible information and news. Fake news or information operations did not concern young people directly, and they did not perceive themselves as targets of information operations. However, the power of AI, machine learning, algorithms, advertising, bots, and influencers was discussed to some degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to consider whether critical rationalism has any ideas which could usefully be applied to the internet. Today we tend to take the internet for granted and it is easy to forget that it was only about two decades ago that it began to be used to any significant extent. Accordingly in section 1 of the paper, there is a brief consideration of the history of the internet. At first sight this makes it looks implausible that any of Popper’s ideas could be applicable to the internet, since Popper died before the internet came into general use. However, section 2 argues that Popper’s theory of World 3 does apply very well to the internet. This application is significant because, as shown in section 3, it leads to the problem of misinformation, which is one of the most significant problems generated by the internet. In section 4 there is an attempt to solve this problem using ideas taken from Popper’s epistemology. It is argued that there should be changes in education designed to prepare students for the internet age. Teaching in the internet age should focus on presenting to the students not just the accepted theories but also the evidence on which they are based. An illustration of how this might be done is given by considering an example from science teaching, namely the teaching of Newtonian mechanics in the last years of school or first years of university.

The author reexamines the cyclical sensitivity of national advertising expenditure with a longitudinal data set of 59 countries over 35 years. In contrast to prior studies, the author examines the effects of the entire set of Hofstede culture dimensions to study cross-country variation in the advertising sensitivity and investigates how the emergence and growth of online advertising has transformed the cyclical sensitivity of advertising spending. National culture substantially affects advertising's cyclical sensitivity, but in different ways than hypothesized previously. Consistent with the literature, advertising sensitivity is lower in long-term-oriented and high-uncertainty-avoidant countries and is unrelated to individualism. However, power distance is unassociated with cyclical sensitivity, and masculinity and indulgence—the two dimensions ignored in previous research—reduce cyclical sensitivity. Moreover, there is evidence that culture operates differently for the cyclical sensitivity of online advertising. Advertising expenditure is cyclically much more sensitive than documented previously and has grown more so over time since the advent of online advertising. This study provides initial evidence that online spending is more elastic than traditional advertising and that traditional spending has become more procyclical. The author advances timely and refined empirical generalizations on the cyclical sensitivity of advertising expenditure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an approach to studying the impact of the Internet on political culture through the concept of collective memory. Departing from the traditional approaches that confine political culture to knowledge, orientations, and behavior, to constructive and interpretive frameworks that define it through the process of "meaning-making," collective memory emerges as an essential component of political culture with its meanings, symbols, and narratives about political life. The paper concludes – from examining the case of the Egyptian Revolution of January 25, 2011 – that the development of the Internet may limit the role of the state and the elite in shaping political culture and collective memory, but it may also increase the severity of political and social polarization and weaken the culture of tolerance towards the other, and the chances of achieving social reconciliation, which is what we call the "paradox of collective memory." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study published in 2022 identified the top 10 Countries with the best healthcare as (1) Denmark, (2) Switzerland, (3) Australia, (4) France, (5) Singapore, (6) The United Kingdom, (7) Germany, (8) Canada, (9) Austria, and (10) Japan. The United States spends more money per capita on healthcare than any other country. Still, the United States healthcare did not make the top twenty. Another study published in 2021 ranked the US last in access to healthcare, equity, and outcomes among the 11 high-income countries, despite spending a far greater share of its GDP on healthcare (Luhby, 2021). The World Health Organization's ranking of the world's health systems put France at #1and the United States at #37 (World Health Organization, 2019). This paper examines a broad IT-related healthcare literature and seven key IT tools and technologies that should be integrated into a comprehensive U.S. healthcare system. Properly integrating these IT tools and technologies should narrow the gap and improve the five critical success factors: Quality, Access, Efficiency, Equity, and Healthy lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]