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Knowledge of the reproductive ecology of insect pests is important for the development of sustainable pest control strategies. Mating behavior studies can provide insights about relevant aspects of intra- or intersexual communication processes, which may lead to sustainable control strategies based on behavioral disruption. The bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), is an invasive eucalypt specialist that feeds and reproduces in aggregations on eucalypt leaves, causing defoliation and branch dieback in severe infestations. Scant information is available on its mating behavior, so we here report a systematic study of male–female and male-male interactions under controlled experimental conditions. Unmated, sexually mature naive males and females were paired and videotaped from two angles to describe and quantify their behavioral interactions and transitions. Intersexual interactions included mounting, rejection, copulation, antennation and a post-copulatory behavior that we termed smearing and consisted of a rapid backward and forward movement by the male while still on top female. Antennation occurred during copulation, and it may be interpreted as copulatory courtship. Smearing occurred after copulation and positively correlates with total mating time, likely involving mate guarding. Behavioral correlations with size and age showed that female rejection is not affected by male size or age. Intrasexual interactions included two agonistic behaviors that we called sparring and riding, both likely involved in male-male competition and the establishment of male dominance in natural aggregations. Male intrasexual aggressiveness was not related to male size or age either. The results are discussed in relation to the potential functions of these behaviors in the mating system of T. peregrinus.

The bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus, is an endemic Australian eucalypt pest that has become a serious threat to the global forestry industry. Following a large outbreak within its native range in 2002, introduced populations of the bronze bug appeared in South Africa and Argentina. Since then, T. peregrinus has spread rapidly around the world, with the number of reported incursions increasing steadily. Despite the problems posed by the bronze bug, little is known about its global invasion pathways. In this study, we used multiple different population genetic methods to (1) gain new insight into aspects of bronze bug population history within Australia, and (2) characterise the spread of the bronze bug throughout South America, South Africa, New Zealand and the Mediterranean Basin. Taken together, the genetic data and the outbreak records suggest that, across the international regions surveyed, at least three separate introductions of T. peregrinus from Australia have occurred over the decade 2003–2012—one into South Africa, another into Argentina and a third into New Zealand—each of which is likely to have originated in Sydney. Populations in Europe and Israel appear to have become established from individuals introduced from South America, rather than from within the native Australian range, suggesting the existence of a bridgehead effect. These findings provide an important framework for understanding the global spread of invasive bronze bug populations. They may be used to inform management decisions and improve the effectiveness of control strategies.

Thaumastocoris peregrinus is a pest that damages eucalyptus plantations. Recently in Brazil, there are few studies related to its control. With the advancement of molecular biology, several techniques can assist in the discovery of an effective and sustainable control. The different techniques of analysis of gene expression start with the extraction of the total RNA from the material for genomic analysis, hence it is essential that the RNA be intact. Numerous insect RNA extraction protocols are available, but none of them are widely effective, therefore, several factors and intrinsic characteristics of the tissue to be analyzed can affect the quality of the extracted material. Thus, it is necessary to modify the protocols in order to optimize the extraction of RNA. This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of three methods for RNA extraction from T. peregrinus. The results obtained demonstrated that the RNA extracted with only one method was more efficient due to less contamination with DNA and greater integrity of the samples. It should be noted that the determination of an efficient protocol for the extraction of RNA from T. peregrines will assist in future research, which will assist in the discovery of genes present in the extracted RNA sample. Key words: Ribonucleic acid, bronze bug, Eucalyptus.

The bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus, an Australian native insect, has become a nearly worldwide invasive pest in the last 16 years and has been causing signifcant damage to eucalypts (Myrtaceae), including Eucalyptus spp. and Corymbia spp. Its rapid expansion leads to new questions about pathways and routes that T. peregrinus used to invade other continents and countries. We used mtDNA to characterize specimens of T. peregrinus collected from 10 countries where this species has become established, including six recently invaded countries: Chile, Israel, Mexico, Paraguay, Portugal, and the United States of America. We then combined our mtDNA data with previous data available from South Africa, Australia, and Europe to construct a world mtDNA network of haplotypes. Haplotype A was the most common present in all specimens of sites sampled in the New World, Europe, and Israel, however from Australia second more frequently. Haplotype D was the most common one from native populations in Australia. Haplotype A difers from the two major haplotypes found in South Africa (D and G), confrming that at least two independent invasions occurred, one from Australia to South Africa, and the other one from Australia to South America (A). In conclusion, Haplotype A has an invasion success over many countries in the World. Additionally, analyzing data from our work and previous reports, it is possible to suggest some invasive routes of T. peregrinus to predict such events and support preventive control measures. Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-12T04:36:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo-2020-Machado-et-al-One-maternal-lineage-leads-the-expansion-of-Thaumastocoris-peregrinus.pdf: 3236777 bytes, checksum: 90255ede5fe4812b249279669eee2238 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The introduction of alien species can carry negative consequences to the areas in which they appear. Early detection of introduced species is key if management practices are to be effectively implemented. Here, based on specimens from collections and citizen science observations, we document the recent introduction of two alien Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) species in Colombia: Brachyplatys subaenus (Westwood, 1837) (Plataspidae) and Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé, 2006 (Thaumastocoridae). Brachyplatys subaenus was found in two localities (Bolívar and Valle del Cauca), whereas T. peregrinus was found in a single locality (Bogotá) so far. Future research activities should establish the geographic range of these species, as well as document their host plant associations, in Colombia.

Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), the eucalyptus bronze bug, is among the many species of insect pests that affect commercial eucalyptus forests in Brazil. T. peregrinus reduces the photosynthetic capacity of trees and, in some cases, can lead to the complete death of plants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of medium spatial resolution images, available for free, in the mapping and prediction of attacks caused by T. peregrinus in eucalyptus plantations in Brazil, using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). The PLS-DA regression model selected three main components, with a cross-validation error rate of 0.245 for the prediction and mapping of stands attacked by T. peregrinus . The important bands were selected from the PLS-DA model, using variable importance in the projection (VIP). The VIP bands predicted healthy and attacked stands with an accuracy of 97.7% in an independent validation dataset. This study demonstrates the potential of medium spatial resolution images as a viable alternative to successfully characterize and map T. peregrinus attacks in planted forests in Brazil.

The first successful Eucalyptus stands were planted in Israel in 1884. This tree genus, particularly E. camaldulensis, now covers approximately 11,000 ha and constitutes nearly 4% of all planted ornamental trees. Here we review and discuss the information available about indigenous and invasive species of insects that develop on Eucalyptus trees in Israel and the natural enemies of specific exotic insects of this tree. Sixty-two phytophagous species are recorded on this tree of which approximately 60% are indigenous. The largest group are the sap feeders, including both indigenous and invasive species, which are mostly found on irrigated trees, or in wetlands. The second largest group are wood feeders, polyphagous Coleoptera that form the dominant native group, developing in dying or dead wood. Most of the seventeen parasitoids associated with the ten invasive Eucalyptus-specific species were introduced as biocontrol agents in classical biological control projects. None of the polyphagous species recorded on Eucalyptus pose any threat to this tree. The most noxious invasive specific pests, the gall wasps (Eulophidae) and bronze bug (Thaumastocoris peregrinus), are well controlled by introduced parasitoids. Potential entomological hazards of Eucalyptus in Israel are most likely to originate from the Australian insect fauna.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T17:13:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-12-01 The Thaumastocoris peregrinus spread to eucalyptus plantations in many countries. Chemical control is a questionable measure, mainly due to the environmental impact, high cost and moreover has the use restricted by the forest certifications. Bio-insecticides may have similar efficiency to chemical products to control T. peregrinus. The chemical thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin, acephate and the microbial Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae insecticides were tested at different doses to manage T. peregrinus. The products were sprayed on eucalyptus plants using aircraft and populations of this insect were counted before application and at 1, 14 and 21 days afterwards (DAA). Ten eucalyptus trees were evaluated per plot, with the collection of ten leaves from the middle third of the crown of each tree, and the number of T. peregrinus nymphs and adults obtained per leaf was determined. All the chemical insecticides had similar control at 1 DAA for T. peregrinus nymphs and adults. At 14 DAA, the number of T. peregrinus nymphs and adults on eucalyptus leaves was similar for the chemical and microbial insecticide treatments. At 21 DAA the control efficiency of T. peregrinus nymphs and adults was higher than 80% with all insecticides. The entomopathogenic insecticides have potential for aerial application to control T. peregrinus nymphs and adults and provide viable and environmentally-friendly alternative to manage this pest. Departamento de Proteção Vegetal FCA/UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Dow Agrosciences Mogi-Mirim Field Station MIP Florestal JB Biotecnologia Departamento de Fitotecnia Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Universidade Federal de Viçosa Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária- Embrapa Florestas Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Proteção Vegetal FCA/UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista

Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellape (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae) is a sap‐sucking insect that feeds on leaves of Eucalyptus. In Uruguay, it was detected in 2008 causing significant economic losses in Eucalyptus plantations. At present, there is no efficient control for this pest; thus, the use of biological control agents seems to be an environmentally friendly alternative to reduce the damage caused by this insect. The aims of this study were to isolate and identify the species of entomopathogenic fungi that naturally infect T. peregrinus in Uruguay and to characterize and select the most virulent isolates towards this pest. Individuals of T. peregrinus were collected in eight Eucalyptus plantations infested by the pest. The entomopathogenic fungi were isolated and identified by observation of their micromorphological characteristics, and their identity was confirmed by molecular methods. The pathogenicity and virulence against T. peregrinus of the isolated entomopathogenic fungi were evaluated. Isolates causing the highest insect mortality were selected to evaluate the effect of temperature and water activity on conidial viability. Entomopathogenic fungi were found in very low number with the prevalence of less than 3%. Isolates corresponded to Beauveria, Fusarium, Isaria, Lecanicillium, Paecilomyces, Pochonia, Purpureocillium and Simplicillium genera. Two species, B. pseudobassiana and L. muscarium, were first recorded in Uruguay. Among all the tested species, an isolate of B. bassiana (FI 2403) showed the highest virulence followed by an isolate of B. pseudobassiana. The isolate of B. bassiana presented the highest percentage of spore germination at the three temperatures and the highest viability at low water activities. Isolate FI 2403 was selected as a promissory candidate for the development of a commercial formulation against T. peregrinus.

SummaryInsect Epicuticle hydrocarbons (CHC) are known to be important determinants in the susceptibility degree of insects to fungal entomopathogens. Five Beauveria bassiana isolates were phenotypically analyzed regarding their response to CHC nutrition and their pathogenicity and virulence towards high fungal-susceptible Thaumastocoris peregrinus and low fungal-susceptible Piezodorus guildinii, which are important hemipteran pests in eucalyptus and soybean plantations, respectively. Two of these isolates, resulting the most (ILBB308) and the least (ILBB299) virulent to P. guildinii, were also evaluated at gene expression level after growth on n-pentadecane. B. bassiana most virulent isolate ILBB308 showed the lowest growth on most evaluated CHC media. However, this isolate distinctively induced most of the analyzed genes involved in CHC assimilation, cuticle degradation and stress tolerance. Virulence towards low susceptibility P. guildinii was enhanced in both hypervirulent ILB308 and hypovirulent ILBB299 isolates after growth on n-pentadecane as the sole carbon source, whereas virulence enhancement towards high susceptibility T. peregrinus was not observed in alkane-grown fungi. Virulence enhancement towards P. guildinii could be mostly explained by a priming effect produced by CHC on the induction of some genes related to hydrocarbon assimilation in ILB 205 and ILB 308, such as hydrophobin (Bbhyd2) and cytochrome P450 genes (BbCyp52g11 and BbCyp52×1), and partially by the induction of genes related to cuticle degradation (Bbchit and Bbcdep1) and stress tolerance (Bbsod1) observed only in ILB308.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:48:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 Plants of the genus Eucalyptus, cultivated in many countries, have great importance for the world economy. In Brazil, this culture occupies a total of 5.7 million hectares, but native and exotic insect pests can reduce its productivity. Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), an exotic Australian pest, damages Eucalyptus plants. Biological control using the egg parasitoid Cleruchoides noackae Lin & Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), Heteroptera predators and entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, have potential for managing T. peregrinus. Chemical insecticides, including bifenthrin and acetamiprid + bifenthrin, also control this insect. The compatibility of chemical and biological control methods favors integrated pest management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of commercial products based on B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and the chemical bifenthrin on the parasitoid C. noackae and its parasitism on T. peregrinus eggs. The selectivity test followed the standards recommended by the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC). Beauveria bassiana has selectivity to parasitism as well as viability, but was slightly harmful to C. noackae adults; M. anisopliae was innocuous to adults and to the viability of the offspring of this parasitoid, but it reduced the parasitism rate; and bifenthrin did not show selectivity to this parasitoid. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu Empresa GERDAU Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Embrapa Florestas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO Universidade Federal de Viçosa Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu

This study evaluated the potential of four formulations of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana for the control of Thaumastocoris peregrinus. For this, the leaves of Eucalyptus dunni were immersed in each delivery of B. bassiana, isolated IBCB 66, and also in sterile distilled water containing Tween 80® (0.01%) (control), totaling five treatments, with five repetitions each. These leaves were placed in germination boxes containing 10 insects in each and, subsequently, kept in an air-conditioned room (27 ± 2 ° C, 60 ± 10% RH, and 12-h photophase). Record longevity for seven days. The experiment was carried out with adults and also with 3rd instar nymphs of T. peregrinus. These formulations were tested for resistance induction, using organic soybean seeds (standard) sown in sand. Ten days after emergence, 40 µL of treatment suspension was competent in 2 mm cuts made on the top of the cotyledon. Phytoalexins and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were determined. All formulations caused a reduction in the longevity of T. peregrinus when compared to the control, standing out as formulations T1 and T2, both for adults and for 3rd instar nymphs of T. peregrinus. The T2 expansion also promotes an increase in the production of phytoalexins and PAL. Thus, the IBCB 66 isolate from B. bassiana, supplied T1, has the potential to control nymphs and adults of T. peregrinus and is also a potential resistance inducer. Este estudio evaluó el potencial de cuatro formulaciones del hongo entomopatógeno Beauveria bassiana para el control de Thaumastocoris peregrinus. Para ello, se sumergieron las hojas de Eucalyptus dunni en cada entrega de B. bassiana, IBCB 66 aislado, y también en agua destilada estéril conteniendo Tween 80® (0.01%) (control), totalizando cinco tratamientos, con cinco repeticiones cada uno. Estas hojas se colocaron en cajas de germinación que contenían 10 insectos en cada una y, posteriormente, se mantuvieron en una habitación con aire acondicionado (26 ± 2 ° C, 60 ± 10% U.R., fotofase de 12 h). Récord de longevidad durante siete días. El experimento se llevó a cabo con adultos y también con ninfas de tercer estadio de T. peregrinus. Estas formulaciones se probaron para la inducción de resistencia, utilizando semillas de soja orgánica (estándar) sembradas en arena. Diez días después de la emergencia, 40 µL de suspensión de tratamiento fueron competentes en cortes de 2 mm hechos en la parte superior del cotiledón. Se determinaron fitoalexinas y fenilalanina amoniaco liasa (PAL). Todas las formulaciones provocaron una reducción en la longevidad de T. peregrinus en comparación con el control, destacándose como las formulaciones T1 y T2, tanto para adultos como para ninfas de 3er estadio de T. peregrinus. La expansión T2 también promueve un aumento en la producción de fitoalexinas y PAL. Por tanto, el aislado IBCB 66 de B. bassiana, suministrado con T1, tiene el potencial de controlar ninfas y adultos de T. peregrinus y también es un inductor potencial de resistencia. Este estudo avaliou o potencial de quatro formulações do fungo entomopatogênico Beauveria bassiana para o controle de Thaumastocoris peregrinus. Para isto, folhas de Eucalyptus dunni foram imersas em cada formulação de B. bassiana, isolado IBCB 66, e também em água destilada esterilizada contendo Tween 80® (0,01%) (testemunha), totalizando cinco tratamentos, com cinco repetições cada. Essas folhas foram dispostas em caixas de germinação contendo 10 insetos em cada e, posteriormente, mantidas em sala climatizada (26 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 10% U.R., 12h de fotofase). Avaliou-se a longevidade durante sete dias. O experimento foi realizado com adultos e também com ninfas de 3º ínstar de T. peregrinus. Estas mesmas formulações foram testadas na indução de resistência, utilizando sementes de soja orgânica (padrão) semeadas em areia. Dez dias após a emergência, 40 µL da suspensão dos respectivos tratamentos foram aplicados em cortes de 2 mm feitos na parte superior do cotilédone. Fitoalexinas e fenilalanina amônia liase (PAL) foram determinadas. Todas as formulações provocaram redução na longevidade de T. peregrinus quando comparadas à testemunha, destacando-se as formulações T1 e T2, tanto para adultos quanto para as ninfas de 3º instar de T. peregrinus. A formulação T2 também promoveu aumento na produção de fitoalexinas e PAL. Assim, o isolado IBCB 66 de B. bassiana, formulação T1, apresenta potencial para o controle de ninfas e adultos de T. peregrinus e também é um potencial indutor de resistência.

The bronze bug Thaumastocoris peregrinus is an invasive pest, affecting Eucalyptus plantations worldwide. Although its natural enemy Cleruchoides noackae has been tested for the biological control of this pest, other strategies like the use of native entomopathogenic fungi are needed. For this, native virulent fungal isolates should be selected, massively multiplied in an efficient way, and prepared to obtain a stable product. Isolates of native Beauveria bassiana obtained from T. peregrinus and from different collections were screened for their virulence towards this insect and for their amenability to be massively produced in a low-input liquid submerged fermentation and prepared as a dry powder. Three out of six virulent strains were suitable for their massive production in a 2% corn flour suspension, achieving 109 submerged propagules/g of dehydrated preparation. The LC50 achieved by the dry submerged propagules did not differ from the LC50 of fresh aerial conidia. The proposed dual selection ...

The tan bug Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) attacks eucalyptus trees in several Brazilian states causing leaf bronzing, branch drying and plant death. This insect isgregarious, has brown-pinkish coloration and is about 3mm long. There are few alternatives to controlling this bug because of the reforestation characteristics, being the classic biological control an alternative to be searched in the integrated management of this pest. O percevejo-bronzeado Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) ataca plantas de eucaliptos em diversos Estados do Brasil, causando bronzeamento de folhas, secamento de ramos emorte de plantas. Esse inseto tem hábito gregário, possui coloração marrom-rosada e mede aproximadamente 3mm de comprimento. Existem poucas alternativas para controlar o percevejo-bronzeado devido às características dos reflorestamentos, sendo o controle biológico clássico uma das poucas opções a ser pesquisada no manejo integrado dessa praga.

Thaumastocoris peregrinusis a eucalyptus pest native to Australia. It is currently the only species belonging to theThaumastocoridae family in Europe. In Italy, it was reported for the first time in Latium in 2011, whereas in Sardinia itwas detected in January 2015 on a Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation located in the south of the island. Our researchteam carried out a monitoring program for two-years in order to verify its geographical distribution, the main periods ofinfestation, the flight peaks of the adults and to also detect the presence of unhatched eggs on leaves. During the firstyear, the occurrence of adults of T. peregrinuswas verified by yellow sticky traps placed in twelve areas distributedthroughout the island where Eucalyptus plantations were located. In the second year, the population dynamics and theoccurrence of eggs on leaves were evaluated only in three representative study areas, already included in the previousmonitoring program, located in the north, centre and south of the island, respectively. Field surveys showed thepresence of T. peregrinusin all the monitored locations. The highest adult population was observed from late summer toinitial autumn, with a significant increase in adults caught by yellow sticky traps from August, which reached its peakin September and gradually decreased in the following months. The presence of eggs of T. peregrinuson leaves fromJune to December also indicates that the insect is currently well established in the region.

The effects of defoliation by insect pests on Eucalyptus growth in South Africa is poorly understood, with the need for negative impacts to be quantified. In 2010, two long-term insect exclusion tr...

Biological invasions represent a major threat to agriculture and forestry across the globe. Thaumastocoris peregrinus is a small sap-sucking heteropteran bug that has recently invaded a number of eucalypt plantations worldwide from its native range in Australia. To date, no studies have examined the range of this insect within Australia, and its population genetics remain poorly understood. We sampled T. peregrinus from 16 populations from South East Queensland, across New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria to south-eastern South Australia, and generated microsatellite and mtDNA data for ~ 200 individuals. Population genetic analyses consistently revealed moderate levels of genetic isolation by distance among populations across the range. Nonetheless, T. peregrinus has undergone dispersal across large distances, as revealed by the presence of identical mitochondrial haplotypes in both South East Queensland and South Australia. Two populations within the Sydney area (NSW) were divergent from other populations based on STRUCTURE and factorial correspondence analysis. They also had relatively low allelic richness and haplotype diversity indices. These results suggest they are the result of a relatively recent invasion event, consistent with their discovery in 2001. Pairwise genetic distance analyses suggest that the source of the invasion may have been central NSW. Our study provides an important framework for understanding the biology of this pest in its native environment, and may have implications for determining how it has invaded multiple areas worldwide.

A busca por informações para o controle de Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) em Eucalyptus concentra-se no uso de técnicas de controle biológico, entre elas, o uso de fungos entomopatogênicos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho, foi avaliar a patogenicidade de isolados de Beauveria bassiana e Isaria sp. sobre Thaumastocoris peregrinus em condições de laboratório. Para isto, foram testados quatro isolados de Beauveria bassiana e um isolado de Isaria sp. na concentração de 1,0 × 108 conídios.mL-1. A solução foi aplicada sobre folhas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis, fornecidas como substrato de alimentação aos insetos, e mantidas em frascos de vidro vedados com filme plástico em câmara climatizada (26 ± 2°C, 14 h de fotofase e U.R. de 70 ± 10%). Foram realizadas quatro repetições (frascos) por isolado com 13 insetos adultos por frasco. As avaliações foram realizadas até o quinto dia após a aplicação. Os insetos mortos foram colocados em câmara úmida para a confirmação da morte pelo patógeno. Todos os isolados foram patogênicos a Thaumastocoris peregrinus. A mortalidade confirmada variou entre 37% e 80,1% para Beauveria bassiana, e foi de 87% para Isaria sp. após 10 dias da aplicação. O maior percentual médio de mortalidade diária (39,9%) ocorreu no quarto dia após o contato do inseto com o substrato pulverizado. Os isolados de Beauveria bassiana e de Isaria sp. avaliados apresentam potencial para o controle de Thaumastocoris peregrinus em laboratório.

The bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellape (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae), is an exotic emerging pest in Eucalyptus commercial forests in South America, Africa, and southern Europe. Information on the chemical communication system and reproductive ecology of this insect is scant, and it may be relevant for designing management strategies for eucalypt plantations. Males emit large amounts of 3-methyl-2-butenyl butyrate, which attracts conspecific adult males but not females. To learn more about the biological function of this putative male-produced pheromone, we quantified this compound in volatile emissions collected from males, females, and couples, in three 4-h collecting periods during the morning, afternoon, and night of a single 24-h cycle. Our results showed that virgin males emit 3-methyl-2-butenyl butyrate in a diel time pattern, with an almost sevenfold difference between the afternoon emission peak compared to morning or night hours. In addition, we show that in the presence of females, males emit the compound in the same amounts throughout the photocycle. While a definite function cannot yet be attributed to the emission of 3-methyl-2-butenyl butyrate by T. peregrinus males, our findings point to an intraspecific function, possibly one related to male-male competition.

Insect Epicuticle hydrocarbons (CHC) are known to be important determinants in the susceptibility degree of insects to fungal entomopathogens. Five Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales; Clavicipitaceae) strains were phenotypically analyzed regarding their response to CHC nutrition and their pathogenicity and virulence towards high fungal-susceptible Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Carpintero and Dellape) (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae) and low fungal-susceptible Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), which are important hemipteran pests in eucalyptus and soybean plantations, respectively. Two of these strains, which were the most (ILB308) and the least (ILB299) virulent to P. guildinii, were also evaluated at gene expression level after growth on n-pentadecane, a P. guildinii epicuticular hydrocarbon. Beauveria bassiana hypervirulent strain ILB308 showed the lowest growth on most evaluated CHC media. However, this strain distinctively induced most of the analyzed genes involved in CHC assimilation, cuticle degradation and stress tolerance. Virulence towards low susceptibility P. guildinii was enhanced in both hypervirulent ILB308 and hypovirulent ILB299 strains after growth on n-pentadecane as the sole carbon source, whereas virulence enhancement towards high susceptibility T. peregrinus was only observed in the hypervirulent strain. Virulence enhancement towards P. guildinii could be mostly explained by a priming effect produced by CHC on the induction of some genes related to hydrocarbon assimilation in ILB299 and ILB308, such as cytochrome P450 genes (BbCyp52g11 and BbCyp52x1), together with adhesion and stress tolerance genes, such as hydrophobin (Bbhyd2) and catalase (Bbcatc) and glutathione peroxidase (Bbgpx), respectively.

Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero and Dellape, 2006 (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) is an exotic insect that causes losses in the production of Eucalyptus sp. The egg parasitoid Cleruchoides noackae Lin and Huber, 2007 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is the principal biological control agent of T. peregrinus. Essential oil, including Eugenia uniflora (L.) have a potential for managing this pest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of E. uniflora to T. peregrinus and the selectivity of this oil on the parasitoid C. noackae and its parasitism on T. peregrinus. Toxicity of E. uniflora essential oil was tested at different concentrations to eggs, nymphs and adults of T. peregrinus. The selectivity of this oil was also evaluated in the pre- and post-parasitism of C. noackae on T. peregrinus eggs. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography. Eugenia uniflora essential oil at 0.75% concentration showed insecticidal potential on T. peregrinus adults, nymphs and eggs, and was safer to C. noackae when applied one day after parasitism than pre-parasitism and 7-day post-parasitism. The major compounds found in the E. uniflora essential oil were calamen-10-one (20.20%), silfiperferol-6-em-5-one (10.06%), and germacrone (6.61%). Under laboratory conditions E. uniflora essential oil showed an insecticidal effect to different life stages of T. peregrinus, but it is selective for egg parasitoid C. noackae just one day after the parasitism occurs. Further studies should be carried out on eucalyptus plantations.

The bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellape (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae), is an exotic emerging pest in Eucalyptus commercial forests in South America, Africa and southern Europe. Information on the chemical communication system and reproductive ecology of this insect is scant, and it may be relevant for designing management strategies for eucalypt plantations. Adults and nymphs usually aggregate in the field, possibly by means of chemical signals. Males emit large amounts of 3-methyl-2-butenyl butyrate, which attracts conspecific adult males but not females. The ecological role of this putative male aggregation pheromone remains unknown. Here, we report olfactometer bioassays showing that late-instar male nymphs are also attracted to synthetic 3-methyl-2-butenyl butyrate and to adult male volatile extracts, which contain this compound as the major component. As previously shown for adult females, nymphs that moulted into females were not attracted to either volatile stimulus. The intra-gender attraction of nymphs and adults may be related to the exploitation of food resources, or as a reproductive strategy for newly emerged males. Further studies on the reproductive behaviour and mating system of T. peregrinus will contribute to understanding the ecological significance of male-male, adult-nymph attraction, as well as the practical applications that may result from these findings.

Exemplars of Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), insect pest of the genus Eucalyptus , were found dead in the Eucalyptus grandis plantation in the city of Realeza, the southwest region of the state of Parana, Brazil, with white mycelial growth on the surface of the body. Isolation procedures were performed (in Potato-Dextrose-Agar culture) and identification of the pathogen, whereas the ratio between the microorganism and the insect has been established by Koch's postulate. The fungus through standard procedures, was identified as Beauveria bassiana. In the laboratory testing pathogenicity were performed and caused mortality confirmed in 72.2% of the insects at the concentration of 1.0 x 10 8 conidia.mL -1 after six days inoculation. Studies on the selection of isolates should be performed and justified by the growing demand of the forest sector in search of control strategies for this insect pest. Thus, was verified that Beauveria bassiana naturally infects Thaumastocoris peregrinus, occurring spontaneously in the Parana state.

O percevejo-bronzeado-do-eucalipto Thaumastocoris peregrinus é originário da Austrália e foi detectado no Brasil em 2008, causando danos em plantações de eucalipto. O percevejo suga a seiva, principalmente das folhas mais velhas, onde se formam pontos cloróticos que, posteriormente, tornam-se manchas bronzeadas. Em casos extremos pode ocorrer desfolhação. Os trabalhos sobre o monitoramento do inseto ainda são escassos perante os registros de danos em plantações de eucalipto. Diante disso, com o uso de diferentes cores de armadilhas adesivas, buscou-se determinar qual seria a melhor coloração para uso no monitoramento de Thaumastocoris peregrinus em plantios de eucalipto. As armadilhas de cor branca e amarela são eficientes para monitoramento de infestações no campo e devem ser instaladas próximo à copa das plantas e na borda dos talhões.

O percevejo-bronzeado-do-eucalipto Thaumastocoris peregrinus é originário da Austrália e foi detectado no Brasil em 2008, causando danos em plantações de eucalipto. O percevejo suga a seiva, principalmente das folhas mais velhas, nas quais se formam pontos cloróticos que, posteriormente, tornam-se manchas bronzeadas. Em casos extremos pode ocorrer desfolhação. Os trabalhos sobre o comportamento do inseto ainda são escassos perante os registros de danos em plantações de eucalipto. Diante disso, avaliou-se a biologia de Thaumastocoris peregrinus em dez espécies de eucalipto, plantadas comercialmente no Rio Grande do Sul. Das espécies oferecidas para alimentação de Thaumastocoris peregrinus, Eucalyptus dunnii foi a que conferiu maior longevidade, número de adultos, ovos e viabilidade aos insetos.

Optimal foraging and optimal oviposition are two major forces leading to plant selection by insect females, but the contribution of these forces to the host-selection process has been little studied for sucking herbivores. We studied feeding and oviposition behavior of a global pest, the bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae), using dual-choice bioassays to evaluate the preference of females between host species, developmental leaf stage, or prior plant exposure to conspecifics. We assessed the link between these preferences and the performance of the offspring, by comparing survival and developmental time of nymphs reared on the various treatments. Finally, we compared the composition of the leaf wax of healthy and damaged leaves, and tested the effects of leaf wax on female preference behavior. Using healthy adult leaves of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. (Myrtaceae) as a reference, we found that females prefer to feed on Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden and E. tereticornis adult leaves that had been previously damaged by female conspecifics, whereas they reject juvenile leaves of E. tereticornis as food. Females also prefer to oviposit on leaves previously damaged by conspecifics but they rejected E. grandis as oviposition substrate. Nymphal performance varied among leaf treatments, suggesting a correlation with oviposition preference (but not feeding preference). Epicuticular wax extracts from damaged leaves contained higher concentrations of long-chain, saturated linear alkanes, aldehydes, and alcohols than extracts from undamaged leaves. However, a choice assay failed to demonstrate an oviposition preference based on leaf surface wax chemistry. We discuss these findings in the context of the preference-performance relationship.

Temperature affects the development, population dynamics, reproduction and population size of insects. Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero et Dellape (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae) is a eucalyptus pest. The objective of this study was to determine biological and life table parameters of T. peregrinus on Eucalyptus benthamii at five temperatures (18 °C; 22 °C; 25 °C; 27 °C and 30 °C) with a relative humidity (RH) of 70 ± 10% and photoperiod of 12 hours. The duration of each instar and the longevity of this insect were inversely proportional to the temperature, regardless of sex. The nymph stage of T. peregrinus was 36.4 days at 18 °C and 16.1 days at 30 °C. The pre-oviposition period was 5.1 days at 30 °C and 13.1 days at 18 °C and that of oviposition was 7.6 days at 30 °C and 51.2 days at 22 °C. The generation time (T) of T. peregrinus was 27.11 days at 22 °C and 8.22 days at 30 °C. Lower temperatures reduced the development and increased the life stage duration of T. peregrinus. Optimum temperatures for T. peregrinus development and reproduction were 18 and 25 °C, respectively.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:35:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-01 Cleruchoides noackae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), native to Australia, is the most promising biological control agent for Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), an exotic Eucalyptus spp. pest in Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the courtship behaviour, mating and oviposition of unmated or mated C. noackae females parasitizing T. peregrinus eggs utilizing the same rearing system used in biological control programmes in Brazil. The mating behaviour of eleven C. noackae unmated couples was observed and the time taken for males and females to find each other in polystyrene vials and the duration and number of copulations were recorded. Ten unmated or mated females were placed individually in vials with 10 T. peregrinus eggs each, and oviposition behaviour, percentage of eggs inserted and parasitized, viability and sex ratio of emerged C. noackae were recorded. This species lacked defined courtship behaviour and mated in less than an hour after adults’ emergence. The time spent finding the first host, evaluating and inserting the ovipositor was similar for mated and unmated C. noackae females, as well as the frequency of inserted and parasitized eggs and their viability. Mated females took less time to find other host eggs and the sex ratio is female-biased. Occurrence of arrhenotokous parthenogenesis was confirmed. The ability of C. noackae to mate and lay eggs in less than one hour and parasitism of T. peregrinus eggs by females can improve the parasitoid mass rearing and biological control of T. peregrinus. Departament of Plant Protection School of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Campus of Botucatu Instituto Superior de Estudios Forestales CENUR Noreste Sede Tacuarembó Universidad de la República Suzano Papel e Celulose – Mucuri Unity Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – Embrapa Forestry Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal Universidade Federal dos Vales Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) Departamento de Biologia Geral/BIOAGRO Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departament of Plant Protection School of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Campus of Botucatu

Na Capa do trabalho, consta o t?tulo: "?leo essencial para o controle de pragas e pat?genos na cultura eucalipto". Na Folha de Rosto do trabalho, consta o t?tulo: "?leo essencial de eucalipto para o controle de pragas e pat?genos do eucalipto". Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2021-05-07T18:27:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) renata_couto_avila.pdf: 1462413 bytes, checksum: 2437549e6b84247c1be7ba3942191faa (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2021-05-07T18:41:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) renata_couto_avila.pdf: 1462413 bytes, checksum: 2437549e6b84247c1be7ba3942191faa (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-07T18:41:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) renata_couto_avila.pdf: 1462413 bytes, checksum: 2437549e6b84247c1be7ba3942191faa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Devido ? introdu??o de pragas ex?ticas e as doen?as causadas por bact?rias, as planta??es de eucalipto, no Brasil, sofrem consider?veis perdas na produ??o. Uma destas pragas foi detectada em 2008 e ? conhecida como percevejo bronzeado Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Carpintero; Dellap?, 2006) (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae). Foram descobertos poss?veis microrganismos simbiontes colonizando o interior deste percevejo que provavelmente se tratam de organismos essenciais para essa praga. Por sua vez, uma das doen?as mais importantes que afetam os plantios ? a mancha foliar do eucalipto. O g?nero Xanthomonas possui maior ocorr?ncia para esta doen?a do eucalipto no pa?s. Para se conseguir a certifica??o florestal, n?o ? recomendado o uso de produtos sint?ticos. Uma das alternativas para o controle dessa praga e dessa doen?a ? a utiliza??o de ?leos essenciais. Assim, o presente estudo visou realizar a caracteriza??o de 18 isolados bacterianos obtidos no interior desse inseto, com vistas a auxiliar no desenvolvimento de estrat?gias de controle dessa praga. Al?m disso, promovera an?lise da atividade antimicrobiana do ?leo essencial de diferentes gen?tipos de eucalipto em tr?s isolados de Xhanthomonas e em tr?s isolados extra?dos do interior do T. peregrinus. As amostras de ?leo essencial testadas foram capazes de inibir o crescimento de todos os isolados bacterianos testados. Dessa forma, o ?leo essencial de eucalipto pode auxiliar no manejo da praga e da doen?a. Tese (Doutorado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2020. Due to introduction of exotic pests and diseases caused by bacteria, eucalyptus plantations are suffering from considerable production losses throughout Brazil. One of these pests was detected in 2008 and is known as bronze bug. Microorganisms were discovered colonizing interior of Thamastocoris peregrinus, which are probably essential organisms for this pest. Currently, one of most important diseases affecting plantations is the leaf spot of eucalyptus. Genus Xanthomonas has a higher occurrence for this eucalyptus disease in the country. To achieve forest certification, use of synthetic products is not recommended. One of alternatives for control of this pest and this disease is the use of essential oils. The present study aims to isolate and characterize 18 bacterial isolates of this insect, with a view to assisting in development of pest control strategies in addition to analysis of the antimicrobial activity of essential oil of different eucalyptus genotypes in three Xhanthomonas spp. isolates and in three isolates extracted from interior of T. peregrinus. Essential oil samples tested were able to inhibit the growth of all bacterial isolates tested. Thus, eucalyptus essential oil can help in the management of this pest and disease.

This work aimed to assess the virulence of Beauveria bassiana isolates in different concentrations on Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera, Thaumastocoridae) and select them to control this insect pest. Suspensions of IBCB35, IBCB66, IBCB18, IBCB01 and JAB06 isolates were tested in the concentrations of zero, 1 × 104, 1 × 106, 1 × 108 conidia/ml, applied on the eucalyptus leaves used to feed the insects. Dead insects were disinfested daily and placed in a humid chamber to confirm the death by fungus. Mortality at the end of the experiment ranged from 12% for IBCB66 to 48% for IBCB18 at a concentration of 1 × 104 conidia/ml, between 32% for IBCB66 and 68% for JAB06 at a concentration of 1 × 106 conidia/ml, and between 60% for IBCB01 and 84% for JAB06 at the concentration 1 × 108 conidia/ml. The assessed isolates were efficient in controlling the insect, especially JAB06. Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-03T04:42:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leo-2020-Almeida-et-al-Virulence-and-selection-of-Beauveria-bassiana-for-the-control-of-Thaumastocoris-peregrinus.pdf: 783784 bytes, checksum: d63058f0265a8a50adfd66256a19b0dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:36:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-05-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:33:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-90162019001300255.pdf: 480642 bytes, checksum: 75a2c35e5f57ab4d36de60170700f5ca (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Programa Cooperativo sobre Protecao Florestal of the Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (PROTEF/IPEF) Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero and Dellape (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) is a sap-sucking insect that has become a major pest of eucalypts. The entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin have the potential to control insect pests. This study evaluated the susceptibility of T. peregrinus to two commercial products based on conidia of 8. bassiana and M. anisopliae. The fungi were sprayed onto adults of T. peregrinus at a concentration of 1 x 10(8) conidia mL(-1) to evaluate their pathogenicity and conidial production on the insect cadavers. Beauveria bassiana caused 100 % mortality, while M. anisopliae caused more than 80 % mortality of T peregrinus adults 11 days after fungi application. The fungi colonized the head and thorax regions and caused high mortality rates through conidial production. Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana and M. anisopliae to T. peregrinus show potential to use these fungi in integrated pest management. Suzan Papel & Celulose Tecnol Florestal, Av Dr Jose Lembo 1010, BR-1820778 Itapetininga, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitotecnia, Av PH Rolfs S-N, BR-36570900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, FCA, Dept Protecao Vegetal, R Jose Barbosa de Barros 1780, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, FCAT, Rod Comandante Joao Ribeiro de Barros,Km 651, BR-17900000 Dracena, SP, Brazil Dow AgroSci, Estacao Expt Mogi Mirim, Km 71-5, BR-13800970 Mogi Mirim, SP, Brazil Embrapa Florestas, Estr Ribeira,Km 111, BR-83411000 Colombo, PR, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Entomol, BIOAGRO, Av PH Rolfs S-N, BR-36570900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, FCA, Dept Protecao Vegetal, R Jose Barbosa de Barros 1780, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, FCAT, Rod Comandante Joao Ribeiro de Barros,Km 651, BR-17900000 Dracena, SP, Brazil