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2. Do winter and summer cohorts of the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus differ in seed germination and seedling growth?

Author

Shrestha, A., Dangol, A., Airi, H., Kharel, N., Thapa, L. B., Devkota, A., and Shrestha, B. B.

Subjects
PARTHENIUM hysterophorus, NOXIOUS weeds, GERMINATION, SUMMER, SEEDLINGS, WEEDS
Abstract

The highly invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus flowers during both hot, humid summers and cold, dry winters in Nepal, yet it remains unknown if there are differences in seed germination and seedling growth during these contrasting seasons. We analysed seed germination and seedling growth of summer and winter cohorts of P. hysterophorus in Kathmandu Valley. Seeds were germinated at low (25/15°C) and high (30/20°C) temperatures, 12/12 h photoperiod and complete dark, and at different levels of water stress. Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse to determine biomass allocation and relative growth rate (RGR). Winter seeds had higher seed biomass than summer seeds, and both seed types germinated under complete dark and 12/12 h photoperiod. Summer seeds germinated at significantly lower rates and percentage than winter seeds at the low temperature, but this difference in germination was not present when summer and winter seeds were incubated at the high temperature. Winter seeds had higher germination (percentage and rate) and took a longer time to reach maximum germination than summer seeds at different levels of water stress. Seedling emergence of both seed types declined with increasing soil depth. Seedling RGRs were nearly equal (summer: 73 mg g−1 day−1, winter: 77 mg g−1 day−1). Biomass allocation to stem and leaves were similar in both cohorts but root biomass allocation was higher in the winter than in the summer cohort. Overall, the maternal environmental effect was moderate on seed germination, and weak on seedling growth. Lack of a pronounced difference in the germination and seedling growth of summer and winter cohorts of P. hysterophorus suggests a wide environmental tolerance of the species, and this could be one of the reasons for the species' ability to invade diverse climatic and geographic regions globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Pragmatic solutions to reduce the global burden of stroke: a World Stroke Organization–Lancet Neurology Commission

Author

Feigin, V, Owolabi, M, Abd-Allah, F, Akinyemi, R, Bhattacharjee, N, Brainin, M, Cao, J, Caso, V, Dalton, B, Davis, A, Dempsey, R, Duprey, J, Feng, W, Ford, G, Gall, S, Gandhi, D, Good, D, Hachinski, V, Hacke, W, Hankey, G, Ishida, M, Johnson, W, Kim, J, Lavados, P, Lindsay, P, Mahal, A, Martins, S, Murray, C, Nguyen, T, Norrving, B, Olaiya, M, Olalusi, O, Pandian, J, Phan, H, Platz, T, Ranta, A, Rehman, S, Roth, G, Sebastian, I, Smith, A, Suwanwela, N, Sylaja, P, Thapa, R, Thrift, A, Uvere, E, Vollset, S, Yavagal, D, Yaria, J, Abera, S, Ibrahim, N, Liu, L, Ovbiagele, B, Piradov, M, Abanto, C, Addissie, A, Adeleye, A, Adilbekov, Y, Adilbekova, B, Adoukonou, T, Aguiar de Sousa, D, Akhmetzhanova, Z, Akpalu, A, El Alaoui-Faris, M, Ameriso, S, Andonova, S, Arsovska, A, Awoniyi, F, Bakhiet, M, Barboza, M, Basri, H, Bath, P, Bereczki, D, Beretta, S, Berkowitz, A, Bernhardt, J, Berzina, G, Bhavsar, B, Bisharyan, M, Bohara, M, Bovet, P, Budincevic, H, Cadilhac, D, Cerimagic, D, Charway-Felli, A, Chen, C, Chin, J, Christensen, H, Chwojnicki, K, Conforto, A, Correia, M, Mora Cuervo, D, Czlonkowska, A, D'Amelio, M, Danielyan, K, Davis, S, Demarin, V, Demchuk, A, Dichgans, M, Dokova, K, Donnan, G, Duran, J, Ekeng, G, Elkind, M, Endres, M, Fischer, U, Flomin, Y, Gankpe, F, Gavidia, M, Gaye Saavedra, A, Gebreyohanns, M, George, M, Gierlotka, M, Giroud, M, Gnedovskaya, E, Goncalves, I, Gongora-Rivera, F, Gunaratne, P, Hamadeh, R, Hamzat, T, Heldner, M, Ibrahim, E, Ihle-Hansen, H, Jee, S, Jiann-Shing, J, Johnston, S, Jovanovic, D, Jurjans, K, Kalani, R, Kalkonde, Y, Kamenova, S, Karaszewski, B, Kelly, P, Kiechl, S, Kondybayeva, A, Korv, J, Kozera, G, Kravchenko, M, Krespi, Y, Krishnamurthi, R, Kruja, J, Kutluk, K, Langhorne, P, Law, Z, Lebedynets, D, Lee, T, Leung, T, Liebeskind, D, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Lotufo, P, Machline-Carrion, M, Maia, L, Malojcic, B, Markus, H, Marquez-Romero, J, Medina, M, Medukhanova, S, Mehndiratta, M, Miglane, E, Mihejeva, I, Mikulik, R, Mirrakhimov, E, Mohl, S, Munakomi, S, Murphy, S, Musa, K, Nasreldein, A, Nogueira, R, Nolte, C, Noubiap, J, Novarro-Escudero, N, Ocampo, C, O'Donnell, M, Ogun, Y, Ogunniyi, A, Oraby, M, Orken, D, Ozdemir, A, Ozturk, S, Paccot, M, Pereira, T, Peeters, A, Potpara, T, Proios, H, Rathore, F, Sacco, R, Sahathevan, R, Sandset, E, Renato Santos, I, Saposnik, G, Sarfo, F, Sargento-Freitas, J, Sharma, M, Shaw, L, Sheth, K, Shin, Y, Shobhana, A, Silva, S, Tedim Cruz, V, Thakur, K, Thapa, L, Toni, D, Topcuoglu, M, Torales, J, Towfighi, A, Truelsen, T, Tsiskaridze, A, Tulloch-Reid, M, Useche, J, Vanacker, P, Vassilopoulou, S, Vukorepa, G, Vuletic, V, Wahab, K, Wang, W, Wijeratne, T, Wojtyniak, B, Wolfe, C, Yacouba, M, Yang, J, Yifru, Y, Yock-Corrales, A, Yonemoto, N, Yperzeele, L, Zagozdzon, P, Feigin V. L., Owolabi M. O., Abd-Allah F., Akinyemi R. O., Bhattacharjee N. V., Brainin M., Cao J., Caso V., Dalton B., Davis A., Dempsey R., Duprey J., Feng W., Ford G. A., Gall S., Gandhi D., Good D. C., Hachinski V., Hacke W., Hankey G. J., Ishida M., Johnson W., Kim J., Lavados P., Lindsay P., Mahal A., Martins S., Murray C., Nguyen T. P., Norrving B., Olaiya M. T., Olalusi O. V., Pandian J., Phan H., Platz T., Ranta A., Rehman S., Roth G., Sebastian I. A., Smith A. E., Suwanwela N. C., Sylaja P. N., Thapa R., Thrift A. G., Uvere E., Vollset S. E., Yavagal D., Yaria J., Abera S. F., Akinyemi R., Dempsey R. J., Ibrahim N. M., Liu L., Ovbiagele B., Piradov M., Suwanwela N., Abanto C., Addissie A., Adeleye A. O., Adilbekov Y., Adilbekova B., Adoukonou T. A., Aguiar de Sousa D., Akhmetzhanova Z., Akpalu A., El Alaoui-Faris M., Ameriso S. F., Andonova S., Arsovska A., Awoniyi F. E., Bakhiet M., Barboza M. A., Basri H., Bath P. M., Bereczki D., Beretta S., Berkowitz A. L., Bernhardt J., Berzina G., Bhavsar B., Bisharyan M. S., Bohara M., Bovet P., Budincevic H., Cadilhac D. A., Cerimagic D., Charway-Felli A., Chen C., Chin J. H., Christensen H., Chwojnicki K., Conforto A. B., Correia M., Mora Cuervo D. L., Czlonkowska A., D'Amelio M., Danielyan K. E., Davis S., Demarin V., Demchuk A. M., Dichgans M., Dokova K., Donnan G., Duran J. C., Ekeng G., Elkind M. S., Endres M., Fischer U., Flomin Y., Gankpe F., Gavidia M., Gaye Saavedra A., Gebreyohanns M., George M., Gierlotka M., Giroud M., Gnedovskaya E. V., Goncalves I. P., Gongora-Rivera F., Gunaratne P. S., Hamadeh R. R., Hamzat T. -H. K., Heldner M. R., Ibrahim E., Ihle-Hansen H., Jee S., Jiann-Shing J., Johnston S. C., Jovanovic D., Jurjans K., Kalani R., Kalkonde Y., Kamenova S., Karaszewski B., Kelly P., Kiechl S., Kondybayeva A., Korv J., Kozera G., Kravchenko M., Krespi Y., Krishnamurthi R., Kruja J., Kutluk K., Langhorne P., Law Z. K., Lebedynets D., Lee T. -H., Leung T. W., Liebeskind D. S., Lopez-Jaramillo P., Lotufo P. A., Machline-Carrion M. J., Maia L. F., Malojcic B., Markus H. S., Marquez-Romero J. M., Medina M. T., Medukhanova S., Mehndiratta M. M., Miglane E., Mihejeva I., Mikulik R., Mirrakhimov E., Mohl S., Munakomi S., Murphy S., Musa K. I., Nasreldein A., Nogueira R. G., Nolte C. H., Noubiap J. J., Novarro-Escudero N., Ocampo C., O'Donnell M., Ogun Y., Ogunniyi A., Oraby M. I., Orken D. N., Ozdemir A. O., Ozturk S., Paccot M., Pereira T., Peeters A., Potpara T., Proios H., Rathore F. A., Sacco R. L., Sahathevan R., Sandset E. S., Renato Santos I., Saposnik G., Sarfo F. S., Sargento-Freitas J., Sharma M., Shaw L., Sheth K. N., Shin Y. -I., Shobhana A., Silva S. N., Tedim Cruz V., Thakur K., Thapa L. J., Toni D., Topcuoglu M. A., Torales J., Towfighi A., Truelsen T., Tsiskaridze A., Tulloch-Reid M., Useche J. N., Vanacker P., Vassilopoulou S., Vukorepa G., Vuletic V., Wahab K. W., Wang W., Wijeratne T., Wojtyniak B., Wolfe C., Yacouba M. N., Yang J., Yifru Y. M., Yock-Corrales A., Yonemoto N., Yperzeele L., Zagozdzon P., Feigin, V, Owolabi, M, Abd-Allah, F, Akinyemi, R, Bhattacharjee, N, Brainin, M, Cao, J, Caso, V, Dalton, B, Davis, A, Dempsey, R, Duprey, J, Feng, W, Ford, G, Gall, S, Gandhi, D, Good, D, Hachinski, V, Hacke, W, Hankey, G, Ishida, M, Johnson, W, Kim, J, Lavados, P, Lindsay, P, Mahal, A, Martins, S, Murray, C, Nguyen, T, Norrving, B, Olaiya, M, Olalusi, O, Pandian, J, Phan, H, Platz, T, Ranta, A, Rehman, S, Roth, G, Sebastian, I, Smith, A, Suwanwela, N, Sylaja, P, Thapa, R, Thrift, A, Uvere, E, Vollset, S, Yavagal, D, Yaria, J, Abera, S, Ibrahim, N, Liu, L, Ovbiagele, B, Piradov, M, Abanto, C, Addissie, A, Adeleye, A, Adilbekov, Y, Adilbekova, B, Adoukonou, T, Aguiar de Sousa, D, Akhmetzhanova, Z, Akpalu, A, El Alaoui-Faris, M, Ameriso, S, Andonova, S, Arsovska, A, Awoniyi, F, Bakhiet, M, Barboza, M, Basri, H, Bath, P, Bereczki, D, Beretta, S, Berkowitz, A, Bernhardt, J, Berzina, G, Bhavsar, B, Bisharyan, M, Bohara, M, Bovet, P, Budincevic, H, Cadilhac, D, Cerimagic, D, Charway-Felli, A, Chen, C, Chin, J, Christensen, H, Chwojnicki, K, Conforto, A, Correia, M, Mora Cuervo, D, Czlonkowska, A, D'Amelio, M, Danielyan, K, Davis, S, Demarin, V, Demchuk, A, Dichgans, M, Dokova, K, Donnan, G, Duran, J, Ekeng, G, Elkind, M, Endres, M, Fischer, U, Flomin, Y, Gankpe, F, Gavidia, M, Gaye Saavedra, A, Gebreyohanns, M, George, M, Gierlotka, M, Giroud, M, Gnedovskaya, E, Goncalves, I, Gongora-Rivera, F, Gunaratne, P, Hamadeh, R, Hamzat, T, Heldner, M, Ibrahim, E, Ihle-Hansen, H, Jee, S, Jiann-Shing, J, Johnston, S, Jovanovic, D, Jurjans, K, Kalani, R, Kalkonde, Y, Kamenova, S, Karaszewski, B, Kelly, P, Kiechl, S, Kondybayeva, A, Korv, J, Kozera, G, Kravchenko, M, Krespi, Y, Krishnamurthi, R, Kruja, J, Kutluk, K, Langhorne, P, Law, Z, Lebedynets, D, Lee, T, Leung, T, Liebeskind, D, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Lotufo, P, Machline-Carrion, M, Maia, L, Malojcic, B, Markus, H, Marquez-Romero, J, Medina, M, Medukhanova, S, Mehndiratta, M, Miglane, E, Mihejeva, I, Mikulik, R, Mirrakhimov, E, Mohl, S, Munakomi, S, Murphy, S, Musa, K, Nasreldein, A, Nogueira, R, Nolte, C, Noubiap, J, Novarro-Escudero, N, Ocampo, C, O'Donnell, M, Ogun, Y, Ogunniyi, A, Oraby, M, Orken, D, Ozdemir, A, Ozturk, S, Paccot, M, Pereira, T, Peeters, A, Potpara, T, Proios, H, Rathore, F, Sacco, R, Sahathevan, R, Sandset, E, Renato Santos, I, Saposnik, G, Sarfo, F, Sargento-Freitas, J, Sharma, M, Shaw, L, Sheth, K, Shin, Y, Shobhana, A, Silva, S, Tedim Cruz, V, Thakur, K, Thapa, L, Toni, D, Topcuoglu, M, Torales, J, Towfighi, A, Truelsen, T, Tsiskaridze, A, Tulloch-Reid, M, Useche, J, Vanacker, P, Vassilopoulou, S, Vukorepa, G, Vuletic, V, Wahab, K, Wang, W, Wijeratne, T, Wojtyniak, B, Wolfe, C, Yacouba, M, Yang, J, Yifru, Y, Yock-Corrales, A, Yonemoto, N, Yperzeele, L, Zagozdzon, P, Feigin V. L., Owolabi M. O., Abd-Allah F., Akinyemi R. O., Bhattacharjee N. V., Brainin M., Cao J., Caso V., Dalton B., Davis A., Dempsey R., Duprey J., Feng W., Ford G. A., Gall S., Gandhi D., Good D. C., Hachinski V., Hacke W., Hankey G. J., Ishida M., Johnson W., Kim J., Lavados P., Lindsay P., Mahal A., Martins S., Murray C., Nguyen T. P., Norrving B., Olaiya M. T., Olalusi O. V., Pandian J., Phan H., Platz T., Ranta A., Rehman S., Roth G., Sebastian I. A., Smith A. E., Suwanwela N. C., Sylaja P. N., Thapa R., Thrift A. G., Uvere E., Vollset S. E., Yavagal D., Yaria J., Abera S. F., Akinyemi R., Dempsey R. J., Ibrahim N. M., Liu L., Ovbiagele B., Piradov M., Suwanwela N., Abanto C., Addissie A., Adeleye A. O., Adilbekov Y., Adilbekova B., Adoukonou T. A., Aguiar de Sousa D., Akhmetzhanova Z., Akpalu A., El Alaoui-Faris M., Ameriso S. F., Andonova S., Arsovska A., Awoniyi F. E., Bakhiet M., Barboza M. A., Basri H., Bath P. M., Bereczki D., Beretta S., Berkowitz A. L., Bernhardt J., Berzina G., Bhavsar B., Bisharyan M. S., Bohara M., Bovet P., Budincevic H., Cadilhac D. A., Cerimagic D., Charway-Felli A., Chen C., Chin J. H., Christensen H., Chwojnicki K., Conforto A. B., Correia M., Mora Cuervo D. L., Czlonkowska A., D'Amelio M., Danielyan K. E., Davis S., Demarin V., Demchuk A. M., Dichgans M., Dokova K., Donnan G., Duran J. C., Ekeng G., Elkind M. S., Endres M., Fischer U., Flomin Y., Gankpe F., Gavidia M., Gaye Saavedra A., Gebreyohanns M., George M., Gierlotka M., Giroud M., Gnedovskaya E. V., Goncalves I. P., Gongora-Rivera F., Gunaratne P. S., Hamadeh R. R., Hamzat T. -H. K., Heldner M. R., Ibrahim E., Ihle-Hansen H., Jee S., Jiann-Shing J., Johnston S. C., Jovanovic D., Jurjans K., Kalani R., Kalkonde Y., Kamenova S., Karaszewski B., Kelly P., Kiechl S., Kondybayeva A., Korv J., Kozera G., Kravchenko M., Krespi Y., Krishnamurthi R., Kruja J., Kutluk K., Langhorne P., Law Z. K., Lebedynets D., Lee T. -H., Leung T. W., Liebeskind D. S., Lopez-Jaramillo P., Lotufo P. A., Machline-Carrion M. J., Maia L. F., Malojcic B., Markus H. S., Marquez-Romero J. M., Medina M. T., Medukhanova S., Mehndiratta M. M., Miglane E., Mihejeva I., Mikulik R., Mirrakhimov E., Mohl S., Munakomi S., Murphy S., Musa K. I., Nasreldein A., Nogueira R. G., Nolte C. H., Noubiap J. J., Novarro-Escudero N., Ocampo C., O'Donnell M., Ogun Y., Ogunniyi A., Oraby M. I., Orken D. N., Ozdemir A. O., Ozturk S., Paccot M., Pereira T., Peeters A., Potpara T., Proios H., Rathore F. A., Sacco R. L., Sahathevan R., Sandset E. S., Renato Santos I., Saposnik G., Sarfo F. S., Sargento-Freitas J., Sharma M., Shaw L., Sheth K. N., Shin Y. -I., Shobhana A., Silva S. N., Tedim Cruz V., Thakur K., Thapa L. J., Toni D., Topcuoglu M. A., Torales J., Towfighi A., Truelsen T., Tsiskaridze A., Tulloch-Reid M., Useche J. N., Vanacker P., Vassilopoulou S., Vukorepa G., Vuletic V., Wahab K. W., Wang W., Wijeratne T., Wojtyniak B., Wolfe C., Yacouba M. N., Yang J., Yifru Y. M., Yock-Corrales A., Yonemoto N., Yperzeele L., and Zagozdzon P.

Published
2023

4. Estimating Fire Radiative Power Using Weather Radar Products for Wildfires.

Author

Saide, P. E., Krishna, M., Ye, X., Thapa, L. H., Turney, F., Howes, C., and Schmidt, C. C.

Subjects
WILDFIRES, RADAR meteorology, MACHINE learning, SMOKE plumes, BIOMASS burning, WILDFIRE prevention, CLOUDINESS, RAINFALL
Abstract

Satellite‐based Fire radiative power (FRP) retrievals are used to track wildfire activity but are sometimes not possible or have large uncertainties. Here, we show that weather radar products including composite and base reflectivity and equivalent rainfall integrated in the vicinity of the fires show strong correlation with hourly FRP for multiple fires during 2019–2020. Correlation decreases when radar beams are blocked by topography and when there is significant ground clutter (GC) and anomalous propagation (AP). GC/AP can be effectively removed using a machine learning classifier trained with radar retrieved correlation coefficient, velocity, and spectrum width. We find a power‐law best describes the relationship between radar products and FRP for multiple fires combined (0.67–0.76 R2). Radar‐based FRP estimates can be used to fill gaps in satellite FRP created by cloud cover and show great potential to overcome satellite FRP biases occurring during extreme fire events. Plain Language Summary: The radiant energy emitted by wildfires (FRP) is an important variable that controls many aspects of the smoke plume including the amount of emission released into the atmosphere and how high it travels. Biomass burning debris, which are large particles generated by combustion, can be suspended in the atmosphere along with smoke. Weather radars can detect and retrieve information from these large particles, which can be used for a variety of applications. In this work, we show that retrievals from weather radars can be used to estimate FRP with reasonable results. Echoes associated with ground artifacts affect these results but can be effectively screened using machine learning algorithms trained on manually selected data of representative plume and non‐plume cases. Satellite FRP can often be missing or underpredicted especially for extreme fire events, and thus this technique offers an alternative way to provide a more accurate depiction of fire evolution that can be used to predict smoke impacts. Key Points: Weather radar products integrated in the vicinity of fires can be used to estimate Fire radiative power (FRP) through a power‐law relationshipThe relationships between FRP and radar products are skillful only after removing artifacts using a machine learning classifierRadar‐based FRP has potential to fill gaps and overcome satellite FRP biases occurring during extreme fire events [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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8. Chorea-acanthocytosis: a case report

Author

Thapa L, Bhattarai S, Shrestha MP, Panth R, Gongal DN, and Devkota UP

Subjects
acanthocytes, lip-biting, neuroacanthocytosis, orofacial dyskinesia, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Lekhjung Thapa,1 Suman Bhattarai,1 Milan P Shrestha,1 Rajesh Panth,2 Dinesh Nath Gongal,3 Upendra Prasad Devkota,31Department of Neurology, 2Department of Pathology, 3Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal Abstract: Neuroacanthocytosis is a group of rare disorders. We report a 36-year-old right-handed female who presented with gradually progressive abnormal facial movements, generalized weakness, and lower-lip biting starting 4 years ago. On examination, she had lower-lip ulcer, orofacial dyskinesias, and peripheral neuropathy. Her peripheral blood smears showed acanthocytosis and magnetic resonance imaging revealed atrophied head of caudate nuclei and putaminal hyperintensities on T2-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery images. Work-up for autoimmune and metabolic causes was negative. She was diagnosed with chorea-acanthocytosis, an entity under neuroacanthocytosis syndrome and the patient was offered symptomatic treatment. Keywords: acanthocytes, lip-biting, neuroacanthocytosis, orofacial dyskinesia, movement disorder

Published
2016

9. Stroke subtype, age, and baseline NIHSS score predict ischemic stroke outcomes at 3 months: a preliminary study from Central Nepal

Author

Shrestha S, Poudel RS, Khatiwada D, and Thapa L

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Shakti Shrestha,1 Ramesh Sharma Poudel,2 Dipendra Khatiwada,3 Lekhjung Thapa4 1Department of Pharmacy, Shree Medical and Technical College, 2Department of Pharmacy, 3Department of Community Medicine, 4Department of Neurology, College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal Background: The combined medications practice of using antithrombotic agents and statins with or without antihypertensive agents is common in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in Nepal. Short-term outcomes of the current practice have been studied. We aim to explore the predictors of ischemic stroke outcomes at 3 months, with the current combined medications practice. Methods: The study population (N=56) included acute ischemic stroke patients treated at the Neurology Department of the College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal, from May 2014 to August 2014 and followed up at 3 months. Death or disability (modified Rankin scale >2) was defined as poor outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis (P

Published
2015

12. REVISITING THE CURRENT UAV REGULATIONS IN NEPAL: A STEP TOWARDS LEGAL DIMENSION FOR UAVS EFFICIENT APPLICATION

Author

Shrestha, R., Zevenbergen, J.A., Panday, U.S., Awasthi, B., Karki, S., McDougall, K., Bhatta, G.P., Paudyal, D.R., Upadhyaya, P.S., Dahal, T.P., Ranjit, B., Shrestha, S., Thapa, L., Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management, UT-I-ITC-PLUS, and Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation

Subjects
lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:T, business.industry, Computer science, Geomatics, 0211 other engineering and technologies, lcsh:TA1501-1820, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, Drone, Systematic review, Risk analysis (engineering), lcsh:TA1-2040, Precision agriculture, Dimension (data warehouse), lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Human resources, business, Spatial analysis, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

UAVs-Unmanned Aerial Vehicles- also known as drones, are an emerging geospatial technology that can facilitate data acquisition at various temporal and spatial scales. Notwithstanding, the wide application of UAVs globally, its wider application is found to be growing in Nepal as well. For instance, precision agriculture, forestry, topographical surveying, etc. It seems that there is a correlation between efficient use of UAVs in these sectors and the legal frameworks that regulate the use of UAVs. Therefore, it seems necessary to obtain holistic national view of UAVs regulations. Aligning with this necessity, this paper provides insight on existing legal provisions for UAVs in Nepal by highlighting the importance, impact, and limitations of UAV regulations. The criteria used in the framework to capture the present holistic legal dimension from literature in the web of science database are a) applicability b) technical requirements c) operational requirements/ limitations d) administration procedure e) human resource requirements and f) implementation of ethical constraints. The adopted methodological approach consists of exploratory case studies, systematic reviews of the concerned literature on UAVs regulations and the workshop on “Flight 4 Purpose” in which various UAVs application were discussed. The results show that the existing legal framework has both strengths and weaknesses for its use to capture the spatial data. The way forward is to harmonize the soft and hard regulations so that such geospatial technology can be applied for overall development and ultimately for the societal benefits.

Published
2019

13. Leveraging citizen science to advance interactive spatial decision support technology

Author

Shrestha, R., Flacke, J., McDougall, K., Bhatta, G.P., Paudyal, D.R., Upadhyaya, P.S., Dahal, D.P., Ranjit, B., Shrestha, S., Thapa, L., Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management, UT-I-ITC-PLUS, and Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation

Subjects
lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics, 0106 biological sciences, Decision support system, Participatory planning, Knowledge management, Planning support system citizen science, lcsh:Technology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Spatial decision support system, Political science, Citizen science, Decision-making, SWOT analysis, lcsh:T, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Participation, lcsh:TA1501-1820, Information technology, SWOT, lcsh:TA1-2040, Public participation, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), business
Abstract

Over three decades, the Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) concept has evolved significantly exploiting information technology to assist decision maker in a variety of fields of research, development, and practice. With the communicative turn in planning, which emphasizes public participation in all levels of planning and decision making, these technologies have further matured to support participatory planning by means of supporting diverse stakeholders in the decision making process. However, for multiple reasons, SDSS are still in the domain of expert, largely failing to incorporate general citizens in its use and applications. On the same note, citizen science as a method of inquiry is gaining much attention in recent years to engage general citizens in the scientific research, thereby also empowering them to participate in the decisions of the issues affecting them. As such, it seems likely that citizen science shows great promise for advancing SDSS for achieving broad citizen engagement in planning and decision-making. This paper discusses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT) of integrating citizen science with SDSS by analyzing existing literature on SDSS and citizen science. In particular, we explore the integration of aspects of citizen science in Interactive Planning Support System (PSS), as one form of SDSS to support wider citizen engagement.

Published
2019

19. FATE OF AGRICULTURAL AREAS OF KAILALI DISTRICT OF NEPAL: A TEMPORAL LAND USE LAND COVER CHANGE (LUCC) ANALYSIS.

Author

Niraj K.C., Thapa, L., and Shukla, D. P.

Subjects
LAND use, NATURAL disasters, LAND resource, LANDSAT satellites, FARMS, LAND cover, CARTOGRAPHY software
Abstract

Changes of agricultural land into non-agricultural land is the main issue of increasing population and urbanization. The objective of this paper is to identify the various land resources and its changes into other Land Use Land Cover (LULC) type. LANDSAT satellite data for 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018 years of Kailali district Nepal was acquired for supervised LULC mapping and change analysis using ENVI 5.4 software. Sentinel-2 and Google earth satellite data were used for the accuracy assessment of the LULC map. The time-series data analysis from 1990–2000–2010–2018 shows major changes in vegetation and agriculture. The changes in LULC show that settlement and bare land is continuously increasing throughout these years. The change in land use and land cover during the period of 1990–2018 shows that the settlement area is increased by 204%; and agriculture is decreased by 57%. The fluctuating behavior of vegetation, agriculture and water bodies in which the areas decrease and increase over the selected periods is due to natural calamities and migration of the local population. This shows that human influence on the land resources is accelerating and leading to a deterioration of agricultural land. Thus effective agricultural management practices and policies should be carried out at the government level for minimizing land resources degradation by the human-induced impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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20. Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices on Epilepsy among High School Students of Central Nepal.

Author

Thapa, L, Bhandari, TR, Shrestha, S, Poudel, RS, Thapa, L, Bhandari, TR, Shrestha, S, and Poudel, RS

Abstract

Introduction. Epilepsy continues to increase worldwide but, unfortunately, many high school students have inadequate knowledge of and negative beliefs towards the disease. We aimed to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and practices of epilepsy among high school students of Central Nepal. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 1360 high school students from 33 private schools across Bharatpur, from June 2013 to July 2013, to assess their knowledge, beliefs, and practices (KBP) on epilepsy using a standardized questionnaire. The differences in mean KBP scores between different sexes, religions, and those personally knowing versus not knowing someone with epilepsy were assessed using independent t-tests; a Pearson correlation was calculated to assess the relationship between KBP scores and age. Results. Of 1360 participants, 79 (5.8%) students had never heard or read about epilepsy and were consequently excluded from statistical analysis. Only 261 out of 1360 (19.2%) had personally known someone with epilepsy. The mean KBP scores were 5.0/8, 7.4/12, and 1.7/3, respectively. Statistically significant differences were only observed in the knowledge component of the KBP score; female scored higher than males (p < 0.001) and, interestingly, students who had personally known a person with epilepsy actually knew less than those who had not known one (p = 0.018). We also found a significant negative correlation between knowledge and age (p = 0.003). Conclusions. The overall knowledge, beliefs, and practices appear to be inadequate, emphasizing the need for further educational intervention.

Published
2017

21. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis during Everest Expedition: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Author

Khanal, P., Thapa, L., Shrestha, A. M., Bhattarai, S., Sapkota, D., Sharma, N., and Devkota, U. P.

Subjects
Article Subject, human activities
Abstract

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but serious disorder that is associated with a poor clinical outcome. We report a 35-year-old man who had a severe headache and diplopia while climbing Mount Everest. His MR venography showed right transverse and right sigmoid sinus thrombosis. He improved on anticoagulant and symptomatic measures. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis at high altitude is discussed.

Published
2016
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22. Investigation on Wild Edible Plants and their Traditional Knowledge in Western Bhutan

Author

Delma, D and Thapa, L

Subjects
健康効果, 野生植物, 食用植物, ブータン王国, 伝統知識
Abstract

2005年，2006年にブータン王国で実施してきた食用野生植物に関する調査に引き続き，2007年７月にブータン王国西部の農村３カ所，森林２カ所，市場３カ所等において調査を実施した。この結果，食用野生植物として19科26種の種子植物と10種のシダ植物を確認できた。聞き取り調査の結果，これら食用野生植物の中には健康効果が信じられているものがあった。体の痛みを和らげる効果のあるものとして，ヤシ科のPlectocomia himalayana，イラクサ科のElatostema lineolatumが挙げられ，また，Plectocomia himalayanaは吐き気に，キク科のArtemisia princepsは風邪，咳，マラリアに，シソ科のMenta spicataは喉の痛みや高血圧に，ユリ科のAllium属の一種（現地名Narang）は下痢・腹痛に，タデ科のPersicaria runcinataは尿路感染症に効果があると信じられていた。さらに，シソ科のPogostemon amaranthoidesおよびユリ科のPolygonatum cirrhifoliumは鉄分の供給源，Plectocomia himalayanaおよびElatostema lineolatumはビタミン源として認識されており，タデ科のFagopyrum cymosumは喉が渇いた際の水分補給に良いとの回答が得られている。, Article, 信州大学農学部紀要. 44(1-2): 9-20 (2008)

Published
2008

24. Investigation on Wild Edible Plants and their Traditional Knowledge in Eastern Bhutan

Author

Delma, D and Thapa, L

Subjects
健康効果, 野生植物, 食用植物, ブータン王国, 伝統知識
Abstract

2005年にブータン王国西部および南部で実施した食用野生植物に関する調査に引き続き，2006年４月にブータン王国東部の農村４カ所，森林３カ所，市場３カ所等において調査を実施した。この結果，食用野生植物として25科47種の種子植物と12種のシダ植物を確認できた。本調査結果と2005年にブータン西部の市場を中心に行った調査結果を比較したところ13の植物種の食用利用が両調査に共通して確認された。中でも，Adhatota vasica，Plectocomia himalayana，Pogostemon amaranthoides，Asparagus racemosa，Phytolocca acinosa，Houttuynia cordataおよびElatostema lineolatumはブータンにおいて食用植物としての比較的使用頻度が高い植物種であった。今回，東ブータンにおいて利用が明らかになった食用野生植物の中には健康効果が信じられているものがあり，Elatostema lineolatum，Mentha sp.，Oenanthe javanicaおよびParis polyphyllaは血液に良い効果があるとされ，Fagopyrum cymosumおよびMentha sp.は皮膚病に良いと信じられていた。また，Mentha sp.はこの他に喘息，咳，風邪にも良いとされ，さらに，Thlaspi arvenseは結核に良いと信じられていた。シダ植物のBotrychium sp.に関しては食用すると長寿に結びつくと信じられていた。逆に，Amaranthus lividus，Amaranthus spinosusおよびCommelina benghalensisは尿に問題があるときは食べてはいけない，Adhatoda vasicaは目眩がするときは食べてはいけないといった健康に関する食用時の注意事項も信じられていた。現地ではこれら採取した野生植物を自家利用する他に，市場で販売しているが，村で共有林を設定し，このような野生植物資源を共同管理している事例もみられた。, Article, 信州大学農学部紀要. 43(1-2): 43-59 (2007)

Published
2007

26. Report of Investigation for Wild Edible Plants and their Traditional Knowledge in Bhutan

Author

Dema, D and Thapa, L

Abstract

ブータン王国における食用野生植物種を明らかにするとともに，これらに関する健康効果等の伝統的知識を保全，再評価することを目的に，2005年４月，ブータン国内３カ所の市場と２カ所の農村で調査を実施した。本調査において確認された全ての食用種子植物は98種にのぼり，このうち21科30種は野生植物，40科68種は栽培植物であった。今回の調査期間中，シソ科の香草であるPogostemon amaranthoides，葉菜として利用されているヤマゴボウ科のPhytolocca acinosaおよび同じく葉菜として利用されているイラクサ科のElatostema sp.の三種が最も頻繁に各市場で見られた。また，これら食用野生植物の中には，健康効果が信じられているものがあることが確認された。例えば，アブラナ科のNasturium officinaleとユリ科のHemerocallis sp.は血液（血流）を改善するとされ，イラクサ科のGirardiana palmateおよびシソ科のMenta sp.は血圧を低下させる効果があると信じられていた。また，イラクサ科のUrtica dioiaは結核に効くと回答が得られた。この他，ある種のヤドリギ（Loranthaceae sp.）は茶として利用されており，体の痛みの改善や骨折時に効果があるとされ，バラ科のDocynia indicaの果実は下痢止めとしての効果があるとされた。さらに，トウ（Calamus sp.）の新芽が吐き気に，ある種のランの花序については，頭痛やめまいに効くとも信じられていた。また，シダ植物の若い茎（NakeyおよびPangkey）が野菜として頻繁に利用されていることが確認され，少なくとも８種類のシダ植物が観察された。ブータンにおいては苦味の強い植物を特に好んで野菜として利用しており，これら苦い食品がより良い健康効果を持つとも信じられていた。今後も継続的に現地調査を実施し，同国の野生植物の食用利用とその伝統知識について詳細に調査する予定である。, Article, 信州大学農学部紀要. 42(1-2): 37-47 (2006)

Published
2006

28. Plant invasiveness and target plant density: high densities of native Schima wallichii seedlings reduce negative effects of invasive Ageratina adenophora.

Author

Thapa, L B, Kaewchumnong, K, Sinkkonen, A, Sridith, K, and Freckleton, Rob

Subjects
*PLANT spacing, *INVASIVE plants, *SEEDLINGS, *PLANT biomass, *INTRODUCED plants, *FOREST litter
Abstract

Economically feasible strategies to cope with invasive species are urgently needed. Plant density can be increased to reduce competitive effects on target plants. This study indicates that increasing native plant density can be used to reduce the effect of invasive Ageratina adenophora. Seedlings of an indigenous tree species, Schima wallichii, were grown in pots containing uninvaded or invaded soil, with or without A. adenophora leaf litter on the soil surface. Schima wallichii seedlings were also grown at four densities under four levels of A. adenophora leaf litter. Root and shoot biomass and length were measured as response parameters in both bioassays. Schima wallichii growth was inhibited by A. adenophora leaf litter and invaded soil. High litter levels reduced S. wallichii root length and dry weight at low plant densities. The inhibition disappeared at high S. wallichii plant densities. As A. adenophora did not inhibit S. wallichii growth at high plant densities, adjustments of seedling density should be studied as a possible management strategy for invasion by A. adenophora and potentially by other exotic plant species. As density-dependent growth inhibition is the key characteristic of chemical interference, we propose that phytotoxins contribute to A. adenophora invasion particularly at low densities of native seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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31. 東ブータンにおける食用野生植物利用とその伝統知識に関する調査報告（第二次調査）

Author

松島, 憲一; uayFPUkh, 根本, 和洋; jUnePUkh, 南, 峰夫; WefmPpkh, Delma, D, Thapa, L, 中野, 将宜, 増田, 倫久, 松島, 憲一; uayFPUkh, 根本, 和洋; jUnePUkh, 南, 峰夫; WefmPpkh, Delma, D, Thapa, L, 中野, 将宜, and 増田, 倫久

Abstract

2005年にブータン王国西部および南部で実施した食用野生植物に関する調査に引き続き，2006年４月にブータン王国東部の農村４カ所，森林３カ所，市場３カ所等において調査を実施した。この結果，食用野生植物として25科47種の種子植物と12種のシダ植物を確認できた。本調査結果と2005年にブータン西部の市場を中心に行った調査結果を比較したところ13の植物種の食用利用が両調査に共通して確認された。中でも，Adhatota vasica，Plectocomia himalayana，Pogostemon amaranthoides，Asparagus racemosa，Phytolocca acinosa，Houttuynia cordataおよびElatostema lineolatumはブータンにおいて食用植物としての比較的使用頻度が高い植物種であった。今回，東ブータンにおいて利用が明らかになった食用野生植物の中には健康効果が信じられているものがあり，Elatostema lineolatum，Mentha sp.，Oenanthe javanicaおよびParis polyphyllaは血液に良い効果があるとされ，Fagopyrum cymosumおよびMentha sp.は皮膚病に良いと信じられていた。また，Mentha sp.はこの他に喘息，咳，風邪にも良いとされ，さらに，Thlaspi arvenseは結核に良いと信じられていた。シダ植物のBotrychium sp.に関しては食用すると長寿に結びつくと信じられていた。逆に，Amaranthus lividus，Amaranthus spinosusおよびCommelina benghalensisは尿に問題があるときは食べてはいけない，Adhatoda vasicaは目眩がするときは食べてはいけないといった健康に関する食用時の注意事項も信じられていた。現地ではこれら採取した野生植物を自家利用する他に，市場で販売しているが，村で共有林を設定し，このような野生植物資源を共同管理している事例もみられた。

Published
2008

32. ブータン王国西部地域における食用野生植物利用とその伝統知識に関する調査報告（第三次調査）

Author

松島, 憲一; uayFPUkh, 根本, 和洋; jUnePUkh, 南, 峰夫; WefmPpkh, Delma, D, Thapa, L, 小澤, 俊輔, 大川, 龍, 辻, 旭弘, 松島, 憲一; uayFPUkh, 根本, 和洋; jUnePUkh, 南, 峰夫; WefmPpkh, Delma, D, Thapa, L, 小澤, 俊輔, 大川, 龍, and 辻, 旭弘

Abstract

2005年，2006年にブータン王国で実施してきた食用野生植物に関する調査に引き続き，2007年７月にブータン王国西部の農村３カ所，森林２カ所，市場３カ所等において調査を実施した。この結果，食用野生植物として19科26種の種子植物と10種のシダ植物を確認できた。聞き取り調査の結果，これら食用野生植物の中には健康効果が信じられているものがあった。体の痛みを和らげる効果のあるものとして，ヤシ科のPlectocomia himalayana，イラクサ科のElatostema lineolatumが挙げられ，また，Plectocomia himalayanaは吐き気に，キク科のArtemisia princepsは風邪，咳，マラリアに，シソ科のMenta spicataは喉の痛みや高血圧に，ユリ科のAllium属の一種（現地名Narang）は下痢・腹痛に，タデ科のPersicaria runcinataは尿路感染症に効果があると信じられていた。さらに，シソ科のPogostemon amaranthoidesおよびユリ科のPolygonatum cirrhifoliumは鉄分の供給源，Plectocomia himalayanaおよびElatostema lineolatumはビタミン源として認識されており，タデ科のFagopyrum cymosumは喉が渇いた際の水分補給に良いとの回答が得られている。

Published
2008

35. Cheiro-Oral Syndrome.

Author

Thapa L., Amatya R., Maharjan S., Gaurishankar N., Shrestha A. M., Bhattarai S., Singh S. N., Gongal D. N., and Devkota U. P.

Published
2018

47. Prevalence of Stroke and Stroke Risk Factors in a South-Western Community of Nepal.

Author

Thapa, L., Shrestha, S., Kandu, R., Ghimire, M.R., Ghimire, S., Chaudhary, N.K., Pahari, B., Bhattarai, S., Kharel, G., Paudel, R., Jalan, P., Chandra, A., Phuyal, S., Adhikari, B., Aryal, Nirmal, Kurmi, O.P., Thapa, L., Shrestha, S., Kandu, R., Ghimire, M.R., Ghimire, S., Chaudhary, N.K., Pahari, B., Bhattarai, S., Kharel, G., Paudel, R., Jalan, P., Chandra, A., Phuyal, S., Adhikari, B., Aryal, Nirmal, and Kurmi, O.P.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Stroke related studies in Nepal are primarily hospital-based and mainly from the capital city. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of stroke and stroke risk factors in the South-Western community of Nepal. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2018 among 549 randomly selected Nepalese participants from diverse ethnicity, aged ≥15 years, in a region with the availability of neurological support facilities. Data were collected using a stroke questionnaire designed for the purpose. Stroke was identified by enumerators using the Balance-Eyes-Face-Arms-Speech-Time (BEFAST) scale, and a senior neurologist confirmed it. We assessed the presence of major risk factors associated with stroke. RESULTS: The crude and age-standardised prevalence of stroke were 2368 and 2967 per 100,000 respectively. Of all the surveyed participants, 61% (n=335) reported consumption of full-fat dairy products >3 days per week, 87.6% (n=481) reported a high intake of salt (>5 g/day), 83.6% (n=459) with a low intake of fruits and vegetables (<400 g/day), 45.2% (n=248) with perceived stress related to work or home, 51.6% (n=283) with financial stress (283, 51.6%), 86.7% (n=457) with low high-density lipoprotein, 96.2% (n=507) with high blood urea nitrogen, 47.1% (n=356) were either overweight or obese 20.4% (n=112) with hypertension and 6.2% (n=34) with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of stroke in the community of the South-Western part of Nepal is relatively higher than that estimated in South-Asia and global context. Our findings suggest an urgent community intervention, particularly with healthy lifestyles changes for future stroke prevention in the high-risk group.

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