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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme disorder and is caused by G6PD gene mutations. To date, more than 400 variants in the G6PD gene have been discovered, and about 160 identified variants are associated with a significant decrease in the G6PD enzyme activity. However, the molecular characterization and epidemiological study of G6PD deficiency are still limited in Vietnam. Therefore, we conducted this study to determine the G6PD variants among the Vietnamese populations and evaluate their correlation to G6PD enzyme activity. A total of 339 patients (302 males and 37 females) were enrolled in this study. The G6PD variants were identified by Sanger sequencing. Our results indicate that males are more severely deficient in G6PD than females. This enzyme activity in males (1.27 ± 1.06 IU/g·Hb) is significantly lower than in females (2.98 ± 1.57 IU/g·Hb) ( p < 0.0001 ). The enzyme activity of the heterozygous-homozygous females and heterozygous females-hemizygous males was found to be significantly different ( p < 0.05 ), which is interpreted due to random X-inactivation. For G6PD molecular characteristics, Viangchan (c.871G>A), Canton (c.1376G>T) and Kaiping (c.1388G>A) variants were the most dominant, accounting for 24.48%, 17.70%, and 22.42%, respectively, whereas the highest frequency of complex variants was observed in Viangchan/Silent with 20.35%. In terms of G6PD activity, the Union variant presented the lowest mean value (1.03 IU/g·Hb) compared to the other variants ( p < 0.05 ). Computational analysis using Polyphen-2 tool investigated that all variants were relative to G6PD deficiency and separated the levels as benign and damaged. The result will establish effective methods to screen G6PD variants in Vietnam.

BackgroundWe aimed to determine vaccine hesitancy and the main barriers associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccination among families of children diagnosed with food/drug/environmental allergies.MethodsBetween May and June 2021, we approached 146 families seen at the outpatient allergy clinic at the Montreal Children's Hospital and a community allergy practice were invited to complete an anonymous online survey on COVID-19 and vaccination attitudes and behaviour. Uni and multivariable logistic regressions were compared to estimate factors associated with vaccine hesitancy.ResultsAmong all patients, 24.1% reported vaccine hesitancy. The large majority of parents (95.2%) believed that vaccines work. The most common barrier to vaccination was fear of adverse side effects (57.0%). One-third of participants (31.5%) reported that a history of food, venom and drug allergy was a contraindication for COVID-19 vaccination. Fifty-nine (60.8%) participants stated that the dissemination of additional information would increase their willingness to be vaccinated. Most (96.9%) parents reported that their children's vaccinations were up to date. Hesitant families were more likely to be parents of children aged 6–10 years, be of Asian descent, report that mRNA vaccines are riskier than traditional vaccines, and report that the vaccine should not be given if the child has a history of allergic reaction to vaccines.ConclusionVaccine hesitancy exists mainly among certain ethnic groups and families with young children. Allergies to food, venom and drug allergy are commonly perceived as contraindications for COVID-19 vaccination. Knowledge translation activities addressing parental concerns will help increase vaccination rates.

Morphologically controllable synthesis of nanomaterials plays an important role in minimizing the drawbacks of materials as well as improving their properties. Herein, we report our recent efforts in controlling the synthesis of α-Fe2O3 nanorods via a hydrothermal approach. By varying the molar ratio of the precursors of iron(III) chloride and urea, different morphological structures of Fe2O3 nanorods were obtained. The results showed that upon using the molar ratio of the precursors of 2/3, the nanorods have an average diameter and length of ~80 nm and ~1 mm, respectively. In addition, these nanorods were vertically standing on the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate and the synthesized sample showed a highly porous structure. Moreover, based on these synthesized samples, photoelectrodes were fabricated to test their photoelectrochemical activity. Our results reveal that the ideal geometry of α-Fe2O3 nanorods can be used as promising candidates for applications in the fields of energy conversion and environment.

Healthcare students play an important role in volunteering activity, often addressing staff shortages. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the willingness of students to volunteer in contribution to the pandemic response, especially in Vietnam, has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with the willingness of healthcare students to volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. For this, an online cross-sectional survey was conducted, between June 7th and July 6th, 2021, among healthcare students from 10 fields of study at the largest public university of medicine and pharmacy in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Of 2032 respondents, 1473 (72.5%) reported that they would be willing to volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic. More than half of the students reported having a desire to volunteer in non-patient contact activities such as data entry (65.9%) and logistics (57.7%). Whereas less than 50% of the participants were willing to volunteer with activities involving patients. Year of education, study field, educational format, living arrangements, health status self-perception, chronic illness possession, COVID-19 fear level, past volunteering experience in non-healthcare sectors, and COVID-19 prevention and control training course attendance were all associated with a willingness to volunteer. The strongest barriers preventing volunteering included fear for the health of their family and lack of training/knowledge. Conclusively, healthcare students reported a high level of willingness, indicating a positive attitude toward responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Adequate training should be employed to increase the willingness among healthcare students in Vietnam.

G6PD deficiency is the most common genetic enzyme pathology in humans. The disease is caused by a gene mutation G6PD-the majority of cases are asymptomatic when exposed to oxidizing agents (drugs, chemicals, or foods). The disease is temporarily stopped at symptomatic treatment, so early detection is to help improve the quality of life for the patient, to prevent possible complications. The study was conducted to detect mutations in all regions of the gene G6PD. Through the study of 262 boys, 38 girls in 25 provinces in the northern region of Vietnam of 5 ethnic groups showed the results finding 11 deviated mutations that affect the coding region of the G6PD gene is Viangchan (c.871G> A) (24.33%), Kaipping (c.1388G> A) (22.67%), Canton (c.1376G> T) (18.67%), Union (c.1360C> T) (13.33%), Gaohe (cc95A > G) (6.67%), QuingYuang (c.392G> T) (4.33%), Chiniese-5 (c.1024C> T) (4.33%), Orissa (c.131C> G) (1.33%) Chatham (c.1003G> A) (1%) and Taiwan2 (c.1330G> A) (0.33%); 78/297 cases of silent mutation (c.1311C> T) associated with most of the above mutations. Discovered 2 mutant forms Orisa and Taiwan 2 that have never appeared in Vietnam. These mutations are spread evenly among the Kinh, Muong, Tay, Nung and Thai ethnic groups, of which the Kinh mainly carry the Viangchan mutation, the remaining Muong are the Union and the Tay, Nung Thai are most of Kaiping mutation

This research provides a perspective on sludge-to-energy using sewage sludge (SS) and industrial wastewater sludge (IS) co-gasification in a pilot-scale fluidized bed gasifier with temperature controlled at (600–800 °C) using IS addition ratio (0%–60%), and steam-to-biomass ratio (S/B) (0–1.0). The experimental results show that the increase in thermal reaction activity occurred in concordance with the increase in the IS addition. The explanation for such phenomena is that relatively high catalytic Fe/Mn content in industrial wastewater sludge could lower the activation energy. Hydrogen production was increased from 9.1% to 11.94% with an increase in industrial wastewater sludge ratios from 0% to 60%. The produced gas heating value ranged from 4.84 MJ/Nm3 to 5.11 MJ/Nm3, which was coupled with the cold gas efficiency (CGE) ranging from 33.91% to 36.15%. Enhanced hydrogen production in sewage sludge and industrial wastewater sludge co-gasification is investigated in this study.

This paper investigates the hot gas temperature effect on enhancing hydrogen generation and minimizing tar yield using zeolite and prepared Ni-based catalysts in rice straw gasification. Results obtained from this work have shown that increasing hot gas temperature and applying catalysts can enhance energy yield efficiency. When zeolite catalyst and hot gas temperature were adjusted from 250 °C to 400 °C, H2 and CO increased slightly from 7.31% to 14.57%–8.03% and 17.34%, respectively. The tar removal efficiency varies in the 70%–90% range. When the zeolite was replaced with prepared Ni-based catalysts and hot gas cleaning (HGC) operated at 250 °C, H2 contents were significantly increased from 6.63% to 12.24% resulting in decreasing the hydrocarbon (tar), and methane content. This implied that NiO could promote the water-gas shift reaction and CH4 reforming reaction. Under other conditions in which the hot gas temperature was 400 °C, deactivated effects on prepared Ni-based catalyst were observed for inhibiting syngas and tar reduction in the HGC system. The prepared Ni-based catalyst worked at 250 °C demonstrate higher stability, catalyst activity, and less coke decomposition in dry reforming. In summary, the optimum catalytic performance in syngas production and tar elimination was achieved when the catalytic temperature was 250 °C in the presence of prepared Ni-based catalysts, producing 5.92 MJ/kg of lower heating value (LHV) and 73.9% tar removal efficiency.

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát một số yếu tố nguy cơ doạ sinh non. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang có so sánh. Gồm 73 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán dọa sinh non được theo dõi và điều trị tại khoa Phụ sản Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế từ tháng 06/2018 đến tháng 08/2019. Kết quả: Đa thai có nguy cơ dọa sinh non cao gấp 8,8 lần so với đơn thai 95%CI (1,2 - 82,7), đa ối nguy cơ dọa sinh non 4,9 lần 95%CI (1,1 - 23,9). Chiều dài CTC < 25 mm nguy cơ dọa sinh non cao hơn 4,2 lần 95% CI (1,3-13,1). Viêm đường sinh dục thấp tăng nguy cơ 2,6 lần ( 1,3 - 13,1) p < 0,05. Tuổi mẹ ≤ 20 hoặc > 35 có nguy cơ cao gấp 9,5 và 3,7 lần 95%CI (1,1 - 80,1) và (1,4 - 7,5). Thai phụ làm việc trên 40 giờ/tuần nguy cơ tăng 4,9 lần 95%CI (1,1 - 23,9), lao động nặng, môi trường làm việc ô nhiễm tăng nguy cơ 11,4 lần (1,4 - 91,7) và 8,8 lần (1,1 - 72,7). Sinh 3 lần dọa sinh non cao gấp 4,1 lần (1,3 - 13,1). BMI < 18,5 nguy cơ hơn 9,8 lần 95%CI (1,1 - 82,5); ≥ 23 tăng nguy cơ 4,4 lần (1,6 - 11,9). Tiền sử thai chết lưu, nạo thai, sẩy thai nguy cơ dọa sinh non tăng 6,9 lần 95%CI (1,5 - 22,4). Tiền sử sinh non, dọa sinh non nguy cơ tăng lên 9,1 lần 95%CI (2,0 - 41,7). Khoảng cách giữa hai lần mang thai < 12 tháng nguy cơ tăng 4,9 (1,0 - 23,9) lần. Kết luận: Phát hiện các yếu tố nguy cơ dọa sinh non để dự phòng sớm và theo dõi thai phụ tránh trình trạng dọa sinh non xảy ra là việc làm rất cần thiết. Từ khóa: Dọa sinh non, phụ nữ mang thai, yếu tố nguy cơ.

Aim: To determine clinical and subclinical features and the risk factors of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia at Hue Central Hospital. Medthods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 01/2018 -12/2019 in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Deparment of Hue Central Hospital. This study included 54 women who were diagnosed gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (FIGO 2002) and 54 molar pregnancy women monitored and treated in a stable condition. Results: In gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) group, age group with women who were ≥ 40 was 4.5 times higher at risk factors of GTN (p < 0.05), the history of stillbirth had 5.2 times higher at risk (p < 0.05). History of molar pregnancy accounted for 20.4% with OR = 4.3 (95% CI = 1.2 - 16.3). The risk in the number of births ≥ 3 was 5.1 times higher (p < 0.05). The rate of toxemia in GTN group was 66.7% with OR = 8.6; 95%CI =3.3-21.4 (p < 0.05). The women with hyperthyroidism were 3.1 times higher at risk of GTN. The risk of bilateral theca-lutein cyst in GTN group was 12.6 times more than that of control group. The percentage of beta hCG level > 100.000 mUI/ml before treatment in GTN group was 75.9% with 6.8 times higher at risk of GTN (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A history of molar pregnancy, birth multiple times,a history of stillbirth, presence of hyperthyroidism, the bilateral theca-lutein cyst > 4 weeks, the percentage of beta hCG level > 100.000 mUI/ml before treatment, are risk factors found to be associated with the gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Key words: Molar pregnancy, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, risk factors