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3D printing (3DP) has emerged as a disruptive manufacturing technology that benefits both the manufacturing and educational sectors. The emergence of low-cost and affordable 3D printers has facilitated the widespread use of 3DP technology, particularly in higher education institutions (HEIs) in developing countries. Despite its promising benefits, 3DP is still poorly adopted in developing countries. While research has explored the use and adoption of 3DP in education within developed nations, little research has been conducted on the integration of 3DP to capitalize on its benefits in developing countries. Therefore, in this study, we aim to investigate the perspectives of students and faculty members in higher education (HE) regarding 3DP integration in the classroom. A survey was conducted with 307 participants (272 students and 35 faculty members) at 12 Vietnamese universities where 3DP education is offered. We found that a misaligned curriculum, lack of training for faculty members, the high cost of materials and equipment, English language barriers, and limited student exposure to 3DP technology were significant obstacles to 3DP education. Several recommendations have been provided to address these challenges; for instance, faculty members and industry professionals need collaboration to ensure that the curriculum is current and that faculty members receive adequate training to teach 3DP effectively. This study provides guidelines for faculty members and policymakers to reinforce 3DP education for sustainable development in developing countries.

Abstract Background Paranasal sinus mucoceles are benign cystic lesions characterized by mucous accumulation that can lead to significant complications due to erosion of sinus walls and compression of adjacent structures. This retrospective study aims to compare the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of primary and secondary mucoceles. Methods We reviewed medical records of 68 patients treated for mucoceles at the Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from June 2022 to June 2024. Advanced diagnostic imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were utilized in the management of these lesions. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square and t-tests to compare the characteristics and outcomes between the two groups. Results The study found that primary mucoceles often presented with less severe symptoms compared to secondary mucoceles, which occur post-surgery or post-trauma and are associated with more severe symptoms and complications. Primary mucoceles were most frequently located in the frontal-ethmoid region (47.4%), while secondary mucoceles had a similar distribution but were more prevalent following previous surgical interventions. Endoscopic sinus surgery was the primary treatment for both groups, with secondary mucoceles frequently requiring more complex surgical interventions. Postoperative improvement was significant in both groups, though secondary mucoceles exhibited slower recovery and higher rates of residual minor visual impairments. Conclusion The comparison between primary and secondary paranasal sinus mucoceles reveals critical differences in clinical profiles and treatment outcomes. Understanding these differences is essential for optimizing management strategies and improving prognosis for patients with these challenging conditions. Further research is needed to explore long-term treatment effects and the efficacy of different surgical approaches.

This study conducts a rigorous comparative analysis between two cutting-edge instance segmentation methods, Mask R-CNN and YOLOv8, focusing on stomata pore analysis. A novel dataset specifically tailored for stomata pore instance segmentation, named PhenomicsStomata, was introduced. This dataset posed challenges such as low resolution and image imperfections, prompting the application of advanced preprocessing techniques, including image enhancement using the Lucy-Richardson Algorithm. The models underwent comprehensive evaluation, considering accuracy, precision, and recall as key parameters. Notably, YOLOv8 demonstrated superior performance over Mask R-CNN, particularly in accurately calculating stomata pore dimensions. Beyond this comparative study, the implications of our findings extend across diverse biological research, providing a robust foundation for advancing our understanding of plant physiology. Furthermore, the preprocessing enhancements offer valuable insights for refining image analysis techniques, showcasing the potential for broader applications in scientific domains. This research marks a significant stride in unraveling the complexities of plant structures, offering both theoretical insights and practical applications in scientific research.

In this experimental study, efforts were undertaken to augment the overall efficiency of a dual-fuel engine. This present study was conducted in three steps. In the initial phase, Aluminium oxyhydroxide (AlO(OH)) was synthesized and analyzed using UV–visible spectroscopy, XRD (X-ray diffraction), Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). In the second part of the study, the impact of AlO(OH) NP dosage on the performance of a producer gas-powered diesel engine was investigated. To optimize adequate AlO(OH) NPs addition, three working fluids are prepared by dissolving NPs in dairy scum oil methyl ester (DiSOME) biodiesel ranging from 20 to 60 ppm and varied in steps of 20. In the next phase, the present study examined the effect of 60 ppm of various NPs, including multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), Aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and AlO(OH) on the combustion and emission characteristics of a 1-cylinder 4-stroke direct injection diesel engine operating in dual fuel mode using a combination of DiSOME and producer gas. The study concluded that DiSOME-PG operation with 60 ppm AlO(OH) and without nano-addition resulted in decreased BTE by 2.9 % and 14.6 % respectively compared to diesel-supported dual fuel operation. To the extent that exhaust levels are concerned, AlO(OH) addition to the DiSOME-PG combination lowers hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions than identical fuel amalgamation without AlO(OH) NP. It is noticed that the retarded combustion related to the DiSOME-producer gas mixture can be improved with NP addition. The DiSOME-producer gas functioning with NPs addition is the individuality of this current effort.

This study aims to thoroughly investigate the linguistic impact of emojis and emoticons in modern written communication. This work attempts to shed light on these digital symbols’ linguistic structure, social implications, and evolution through a multidisciplinary research method. A mixed-methods approach was used in the research, integrating interdisciplinary viewpoints with quantitative and qualitative analyses. A vast amount of data was gathered from various digital communication channels, such as email exchanges, messaging apps, and social media. A sizable collection of text messages with emojis and emoticons was assembled. Emotional cons and emojis were categorized using linguistic analysis, breaking down their structure into visual components and repeating patterns. Their grammatical and syntactic effects on written language were also evaluated in this investigation. The findings indicate that using emojis in writing positively correlates with emotional expressiveness. This implies that when people wish to express emotions and subtlety in their messages, they typically utilize more emoticons. They enhance digital etiquette, reduce misunderstandings, improve emotional connection, and foster cross-cultural understanding. Emoticons are a global visual language that helps people communicate, create empathy, and navigate digital communication.