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Background Methods Results Conclusions Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators improve pulmonary outcomes in cystic fibrosis (CF) by stabilizing the CFTR protein on respiratory epithelial surfaces. To determine the efficacy of CFTR modulators on sinonasal outcomes in patients with CF, we performed a meta‐analysis of clinical trials to date that include functional and radiographic evidence of sinus disease.English full‐text articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. Two reviewers screened articles and a third reviewer resolved disagreements. Articles were included if they reported functional or radiological sinonasal outcomes in patients with CF before and after CFTR modulator therapies. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were followed, and the risk of bias in non‐randomized studies of interventions tool was used for quality assessment. The generic inverse variance method with random effects model was used for meta‐analysis. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and mean difference (MD) were used as effect measurements.Seven prospective and two retrospective studies representing 248 patients were included in this analysis. There was a significant improvement in sinonasal outcome test‐22 scores on elexacaftor‒tezacaftor‒ivacaftor (MD = 12.80, [95% confidence interval, CI: 10.46‒15.13], p < 0.001, n = 222), with no heterogeneity detected (I2 = 0%, p = 0.820). There was also a significant improvement in Lund‒Mackay scores (SMD = 1.25, [95% CI: 0.58‒1.91], p < 0.001, n = 88), with heterogeneity detected (I2 = 67%, p = 0.030).CFTR modulators improve functional and radiologic sinonasal outcomes. Given the utility of CFTR modulators, the treatment paradigm for CF‐related chronic rhinosinusitis promises to evolve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The incidence of cancers in New York State (NYS) before and after 9/11 including lung, colorectal, and renal cancers has been previously described. To date, the incidence of head and neck cancers (HNCs) before and after 9/11 has not been described. Methods: Cancers involving the oral cavity and oropharynx; the nose, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and middle ear; larynx; and thyroid were identified using the New York State Cancer Registry (NYSCR). Age-adjusted incidence and rates per 100,000 residents from 1987 to 2015 were analyzed using joinpoint regression. Trends in incidence using annual percent changes are presented. Results: The overall rate of HNC increased slightly by 0.7% (p < 0.001) from 1987 to 2003 in NYS. From 2003 to 2008, the rate increased by 5.73% (p < 0.001), and from 2008 to 2015, the rate increased by 1.68% (p < 0.001). The rate of thyroid cancer increased by 6.79% (p < 0.001) from 1987 to 2003, by 9.99% (p < 0.001) from 2003 to 2009, and by 2.41% (p = 0.001) from 2009 to 2015. The rate of thyroid cancer was higher in women at all time points. In a subset analysis of HNCs excluding thyroid cancer, the rate decreased by 2.02% (p < 0.001) from 1991 to 2001, followed by a nonsignificant increase of 0.1% (p = 0.515) from 2001 to 2015. The rate of oropharyngeal (OP) cancer significantly increased from 1999 to 2015 (2.65%; p < 0.001). The rate of oral cavity cancer significantly decreased from 1987 to 2003 (1.97%; p < 0.001), with no significant change after 2003. The rate of laryngeal cancer decreased significantly by 2.43% (p < 0.001) from 1987 to 2015, as did the rate of nasal cavity/nasopharyngeal cancer (0.33%; p = 0.03). Conclusions: In NYS, OP cancer and thyroid cancer rates increased significantly during the study period. The rate of thyroid cancer was higher in women. The rate of combined HNC increased significantly after 9/11 compared to before 9/11; however, in a subset analysis of all HNC patients excluding thyroid cancer, the rate decreased significantly prior to 9/11 and then nonsignificantly increased afterward. This suggests that the increase in thyroid cancer accounts for the increase in combined HNC in NYS. The impact of 9/11 on rates of HNC requires further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate how differences in treatment parameters account for survival differences between races of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: National Cancer Database. Methods: Data of patients with OPSCC undergoing radiation therapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiation therapy as primary treatment were obtained from the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2016. We analyzed 4 treatment-related time intervals to determine their impact on survival between races when controlling for human papilloma virus (HPV) status. Cox proportional hazards models, stepwise logistic regressions, covariate adjustments, and propensity score matching were performed. Results: A total of 3152 patients were identified (2877 White, 275 Black). In HPV– cases, Black patients with prolonged radiation duration had a significantly worse overall survival as compared with White patients (hazard ratio, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.03-3.05; P =.039). In a logistic regression model, the only covariate that was significantly associated with prolonged RT was facility type. When further adjusted for facility type, the survival difference between Black and White patients with HPV– status and prolonged RT times was no longer significant (hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.90-2.69; P =.116). Conclusions: There is a significant disparity in overall survival between Black and White patients with HPV– OPSCC when RT duration is prolonged. Clinicians should be aware of the negative impact of prolonged RT, especially in Black patients, so that they can attempt to decrease treatment-related time intervals. Facility type was also found to affect the outcomes of patients with OPSCC, and efforts should be made to improve patient access to well-equipped, high-volume facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) between sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) and elective neck dissection (END) in the surgical management of cT1‐2N0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). Methods: English full‐text articles were searched in PubMed and Embase on May 9, 2021. Articles had to compare SNB with END in cT1‐T2N0 OCSCC patients; report hazard ratios (HRs), Kaplan–Meier curves, or P‐values with total number of events for survival outcomes; be from a clinical trial, cohort, or case–control study. Two reviewers reviewed articles and a third settled disagreements. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines and the Risk of Bias in Non‐randomized Studies of Interventions tool and revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials were used. The generic inverse variance method with a random‐effect model was used for meta‐analysis. Results: Ten studies, five retrospective, three prospective, and two randomized controlled trials, were included (total number of patients [n] = 10,498, END n = 9102, SNB n = 1396). No significant differences were found in OS (HR = 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–1.31) or DFS (HR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.41–1.20). Heterogeneity was not detected in pooled OS analysis (P =.18; I2 = 30%), but was in pooled DFS analysis (P =.003; I2 = 66%). Conclusions: No statistically significant differences in OS or DFS were observed between SNB and END in cT1‐2N0 OCSCC, suggesting that SNB might be an alternative to END in the management of early‐stage, clinically node‐negative OCSCC. Laryngoscope, 132:989–998, 2022 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]