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Introduction: Eclampsia, characterized by generalized convulsions associated with preeclampsia during pregnancy, labor, or within 7 days post-delivery, remains a significant challenge in maternal healthcare. This study explores the incidence, management, and maternal characteristics of eclampsia, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and timely intervention. Materials and Methods: A two-year prospective study was conducted at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, recruiting 821 pregnant mothers with eclampsia. Patients with other causes of pregnancy-related convulsions were excluded. Data on convulsion episodes, treatment modalities, and hypertension control were analyzed. Results: The majority (66%) experienced 2 to 5 convulsion episodes, with a range from 1 to 40. Patients with more than 10 convulsions showed improved outcomes after the Loading Dose of MgSO4. Hypertension control solely through delivery was observed in 29% of cases, with additional administration of Calcigard in some instances. Conclusion: Eclampsia, more prevalent in young primigravida patients, underscores the need for enhanced antenatal care surveillance. Early detection of pre-eclampsia through regular blood pressure monitoring and urine protein screening is crucial. Sensitization of healthcare providers at grassroots levels is imperative for ensuring timely diagnosis and effective management, thus positively impacting maternal and child care outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Hypertension is a prominent non-communicable disease globally, contributing significantly to cardiovascular disorders, strokes, renal failure, and premature mortality. This study addresses the pressing health concern of hypertension's impact, particularly in the context of a rural military population. Objective:To assess the prevalence of hypertension and patterns of associated cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in individuals serving in the military in a rural setting. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tertiary Medical College Hospital, Sriram Chandra Bhanj Medical College & Hospital, Cuttack, from August 2020 to September 2021. Data were collected from 136 participants using purposive sampling, following JNC-7 criteria for hypertension screening. A mixed-method approach, including qualitative and quantitative techniques, was employed through a predesigned questionnaire. Data were coded and analyzed using R software, incorporating descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The age distribution revealed a majority in the 36-55 years group (48.5%). The gender distribution favored males, with 10.3% newly detected hypertension cases. Controlled hypertension was observed in 62% of cases. Dyslipidemia was prevalent, with 50.7% having elevated LDL and 58.1% showing reduced HDL. Ischemic heart disease distribution indicated 74.2% with myocardial ischemia. BMI analysis identified 68 cases as overweight. Diabetes mellitus was present in 61% of participants. Discussion: Comparisons with other studies showed variations in CVD risk factors, emphasizing the influence of demographic and regional factors. Discrepancies in pre-obesity and hypertension prevalence were noted, suggesting the need for tailored interventions. The study highlighted the interconnected nature of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, necessitating comprehensive preventive strategies. Conclusion: The study suggests that primary preventive measures have been successful in reducing certain risk factors. However, challenges such as pre-obesity and variations in lipid profile and glycemic status call for a reevaluation of medical examination standards. The importance of revising recommendations related to obesity and hypertension, coupled with continuous monitoring, is emphasized for effective disease prevention in this rural military population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Palpable breast swelling, whether benign or malignant, results from hormonal influences. Most cases are benign. Triple assessment—clinical, histological, and radiological—enables accurate detection and evaluation, guiding effective interventions. The research aimed to compare the patterns of breast swelling in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and identify the most common breast lumps in each group. Methods: One hundred female patients with palpable breast lumps were evenly divided into premenopausal (50 patients) and postmenopausal groups (50 patients). Each patient underwent clinical examination, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and core needle biopsy if necessary. Ultrasonography (USG) of the breast was conducted for all patients, and mammograms were performed for selected cases. All postoperative specimens underwent histopathological examination. Results: Among the total 100 patients, 60 were diagnosed with benign breast disease, and 40 had malignant breast disease. In premenopausal women, 82% were diagnosed with benign disease, while in postmenopausal women, 38% had a benign diagnosis. Conversely, premenopausal women showed an 18% incidence of malignant breast disease, while postmenopausal women exhibited a 62% incidence. Among malignant breast diseases, 60% were invasive ductal carcinoma, 32.5% were invasive lobular carcinoma, 5% were invasive medullary carcinoma, and 2.5% were inflammatory carcinoma. Conclusion: The study finds a higher prevalence of malignant breast disease in postmenopausal women, while premenopausal women commonly experience benign breast disease, notably fibrocystic cystic disease. Premenopausal women exhibit a higher percentage of invasive lobular carcinoma than the general population, while postmenopausal women predominantly face invasive ductal carcinoma breast NST/NOS with increased invasive lobular carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dermatophytosis poses a notable public health concern in industrially growing regions like Western Odisha. Despite its prevalence, the understanding of this fungal infection remains underexplored, prompting the need for comprehensive studies. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the incidence of different clinical types of dermatophytes, examine the relationship between infection and demographic factors, identify causative species, and assess diagnostic methods' efficacy. Methodology: A prospective study of 214 clinically suspected dermatophytosis cases was conducted at the Dermatology O.P.D. of VIMSAR, Burla, from 2020 to 2023. Detailed clinical data were recorded, and material collection involved skin scrapings, nail clippings, and hair samples. Laboratory diagnosis included direct microscopic examination and culture of dermatophytes using various media in the Microbiology Department. Results: Tinea corporis and cruris were the predominant clinical types, with Trichophyton rubrum as the primary causative agent. Direct microscopy exhibited high sensitivity (96.1%) and specificity (89.05%), emphasizing its diagnostic reliability. The study highlighted demographic patterns, such as age and gender distribution, and their association with dermatophytosis prevalence. Discussion: Analysis of clinical data provided insights into the prevalence and factors influencing dermatophytosis types. The findings correlated with existing studies, emphasizing the importance of considering clinical manifestations and demographic patterns in understanding the disease. Conclusion: This clinico-mycological study contributes valuable insights into dermatophytosis in Western Odisha. Tinea corporis and cruris were prevalent, with Trichophyton rubrum as the primary causative species. Direct microscopy demonstrated diagnostic efficacy, suggesting its practical utility in clinical settings. The study enhances our understanding of dermatophytosis in the specific demographic and provides implications for effective management and diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Men, especially as they age, are more prone to specific genitourinary conditions compared to women. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of chronic renal failure, incontinence, and kidney stones among men aged ≥45 years in India. Methods: Data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave-1, 2017-2018, were utilized. The sample included 33,097 men aged ≥45 years. Descriptive statistics reported prevalence with a 95% confidence interval. Multivariable regression analysis assessed associations between socio-demographic and behavioral factors with chronic renal failure, incontinence, and kidney stones. Results: The overall prevalence was 0.82% (95% CI: 0.71-0.93) for chronic renal failure, 3.02% (95% CI: 2.82-3.23) for incontinence, and 3.0% (95% CI: 2.79-3.20) for kidney stones. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that participants aged ≥75 years had higher odds [AOR: 1.91 (95% CI: 1.34-2.44)] of experiencing incontinence. Kidney stones were significantly associated [AOR: 1.88 (95% CI: 1.53-2.55)] with obesity. Conclusion: A noteworthy prevalence of chronic genitourinary conditions among aging men was observed, emphasizing the need for attention. The recently established Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) offer a potential avenue for timely care, warranting further strengthening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic lineages of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have continued to emerge and circulate around the world since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are numerous variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Like other viruses, SARS-CoV-2 evolves over time. Most mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome have no impact on viral function, but certain variants have gained worldwide attention because of their rapid emergence within populations, evidence of transmission, and clinical implications. During the pandemic, most parts of India were affected, including Odisha, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality. For the present study, 368,303 samples were received by the COVID-19 lab i.e., medical college level (Virus Research Diagnostic Laboratory) VRDL from six districts of western Odisha, including approximately 25,000 COVID-19-positive samples. The diagnostic method of the quantitative RT-PCR cannot be used to distinguish among the variants created by mutation of the genes initially, therefore selected positive clinical samples were sent in cold chain for whole genome sequencing (WGS), using the Illumina Seq. at ILS, BBSR for variant detection. The reported observation from the next generation sequencing (NGS) based sequenced samples of western Odisha updated in the INSACOG-WGS portal confirms the presence of Delta (B.1.617.2) and Delta sublineages, Omicron (BA.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529). Maximum infection was caused by Delta sublineages (83.5%) irrespective of age, sex, and geographic area followed by Delta and Omicron. Molecular diagnosis and WGS based study reveal the widespread transmission of the fatal virus, significantly affecting every corner of the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]