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This investigation delves into diverse attributes of environmentally friendly nickel-doped zinc oxide and neodymium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. It focuses on evaluating their effectiveness in photocatalysis, antibacterial activity and antioxidant properties. Utilizing a sustainable synthesis approach incorporating phytochemicals from Vitex negundo, hexagonal structures of both nickel-doped zinc oxide and neodymium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses identified spherical nanoparticles with size between 8 and 15 nanometers. Photocatalytic assessments using methyl green dye degradation demonstrated promising results for both nickel-doped zinc oxide and neodymium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. Antibacterial tests showcased nanoparticle's ability to disrupt Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, with neodymium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibiting superior antibacterial activity. Antioxidant potential, evaluated through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical assay, highlighted nanoparticles radical-scavenging ability, with neodymium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles showing enhanced activity due to phytochemicals introduced during green synthesis. This research innovates through green synthesis of nickel-doped zinc oxide and neodymium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles, capitalizing on their distinctive properties for synergistic applications. The study provides valuable insights into potential future applications, offering novel solutions for environmental remediation and biomedical purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, encapsulation of polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone and plant Tinospora cordifolia was done in coupled doped zinc-nickel titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (Zn-Ni TDNPs) via using microwave-assisted method with 2.45 GHz operating frequency and power of 700 Watts for about 120 s. The catalytic efficiency of encapsulated TDNPs was analysed through photocatalytic activity against methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes, which are considered aquatic pollutants released by textiles dyes. Also, these encapsulated TDNPs were installed in scavenging activity to eliminate the free radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Various physicochemical properties of the encapsulated TDNPs were analysed using different characterisation techniques. The encapsulated TDNPs had a tetragonal crystal lattice structure, with an average particle size ranging from 68 to 83 nm and spheroidal morphology. The bandgap of the encapsulated coupled doped Zn-Ni TDNPs was found to be between 3.48 and 3.55 eV. Under UV radiation, the photocatalytic activity against MO and MB dyes increased with an increase in TDNPs catalyst dosage, and in rare cases, the rate of degradation reached up to 98% for both dyes. Additionally, the encapsulated coupled doped Zn-Ni TDNPs demonstrated antioxidant activity of up to 89% against the DPPH assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co/Ni/Zn triple doped α -Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized via polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/Azadirachta indica (A. Indica) leaf extract coating. XRD, UV–Vis, SEM, TEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, VSM were used to characterize the synthesized NPs. XRD pattern revealed that the crystallite size of NPs ranges from 14 nm to 21 nm. Spherical NPs were found by SEM/TEM examination ranging from 16 nm to 26 nm of doped α -Fe2O3 NPs. Analysis of the magnetic properties of α -Fe2O3 NPs revealed antiferromagnetic characteristics, convergence between magnetization curves (MS), and switching field distribution dM/dh below an irreversible temperature of Tirr = 3 0 0 K. Produced catalyst was used for the degradation of anionic azo dye Malachite green (MG) and Rhodamine blue (RhB) dyes under the influence of UV radiation. RhB and MG were reduced as a result of the doped α -Fe2O3 catalyzing the conversion of dissolved O2 to hydroxyl radicals (OH) when exposed to visible light. This shows that the main active radical specifically engaged in the photo-catalytic breakdown of dyes is OH. The most effective photo-catalyst was determined by investigating the proposed doped α -Fe2O3 NPs reusability over three cycles. The catalyst was retrieved and utilized three times after the reaction without suffering a substantial loss of catalytic activity. The plant-mediated α -Fe2O3 NPs have significant antioxidant activity due to their higher phenolic content. These have a promising future with potential applications in health, aging, food preservation, cosmetics, agriculture and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the surface tension of the surface-active drugs streptomycin sulfate and diphenhydramine hydrochloride using three uni-univalent and three bi-univalent electrolytes: NaCl, KCl, and RbCl (0.01 mol.kg−1), and MgCl2, CaCl2, and SrCl2 (0.002 mol.kg−1) over a temperature range of 298.15 to 313.15 K. Surface tension determination has proven instrumental in examining the micellization and surface-active properties of these drugs in the presence of specific electrolytes. The surface tension values of these drugs exhibit a decrease in magnitude with increasing drug concentration, particularly noticeable in streptomycin sulfate. This phenomenon can be elucidated by considering the delicate balance between hydrophobic and hydrophilic forces within the system. Additionally, the impact of the nature of metal halides and temperature on surface tension magnitude has been scrutinised, with interpretations focused on alterations in size. From surface tension values, the interfacial parameters, such as $\Gamma _{\max }$ Γ max , $A_{\min }$ A min , and $\pi _{CMC}$ π CMC were examined. The results indicate a strong affinity between drug-electrolyte molecules that reduces the surface tension values. The CMC relations govern the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions in the ternary system of water-drug-electrolyte. The thermodynamics of micellization explains the work done for micellization and illuminates the surface and bulk properties of drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]