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When faced with an undesirable behavior by one's partner, theories of relationship maintenance indicate that individuals must undergo a transformation of motivation in order to set aside their initial impulse to respond in a self-centered manner, and instead choose to respond in a pro-relationship manner. However, the cultural psychology literature indicates that a primary focus on one's own needs and goals is predominantly a feature of individualistic cultures, such as those in the Unites States and Western Europe which have been the setting for the vast majority of close relationships research. Thus, it is possible that people from less individualistic cultural contexts do not experience this same transformation of motivation process when faced with an undesirable behavior by their partner, because their initial impulse is less self-centered and more other- or relationship-centered. To test this hypothesis we conducted pre-registered replications of two classic studies documenting the transformation of motivation process (Yovetich & Rusbult, 1994) using a cross-cultural sample of participants from the U.S. and Thailand. The extent to which people in both cultural settings engaged in the transformation of motivation process was assessed in a correlational study (N = 187) and an experimental study (N = 328) of partnered individuals. Results indicate that participants in both cultural contexts experience a transformation of motivation process, and the magnitude of the transformation did not differ between the two countries. Exploratory analyses indicate that Thai participants engaged in more passive behaviors than U.S. participants, and U.S. participants thought passive behaviors were more harmful than active behaviors. Overall, when faced with an unpleasant behavior by one's partner, the need to set aside one's initial impulse in order to respond in a more pro-relationship manner appears universal, but the exact behaviors that are the endpoint of that process differ across cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The workplace is a key site through which sex and gender are organizationally produced and unequal gender relations take place. Technologies, which are embedded with and impacting gendered power relations, are also integral to work and workplaces worldwide. As nation‐states promote technologies and rebrand themselves, how do technologies catalyze new forms of gendered embodiment and work—and how might this contribute to a nation‐state's development plans and rebranding efforts? How do the intersections between states, labor, and technologies also reify inequalities, both in and beyond workplace settings? Based on 14 months of fieldwork and interviews with 62 participants, this article analyzes how Thai transgender women's work in the entertainment industry simultaneously advances technological growth and national rebranding efforts. In 2016, the Thai state launched "Thailand 4.0," an economic plan centered on technological growth, alongside efforts to restore its reputation from a sex tourism destination. In this context, Thai transgender entertainers promote what I call "techno‐professionalism," or professionalism that is not only enhanced by technologies, but that also supports state development plans and rebranding efforts. The concept of techno‐professionalism underscores how technologies figure centrally into new iterations of state development and nation‐branding promoted in global workplaces, adding to our understanding of the linkages between gender, labor, and national development. By highlighting how state development plans intersect with technologies and norms of professionalism, this article reveals how the economy and professions are made up of intimate social relations, including gendered technologies and gendered social roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the dimensions of cerebral arteries in the Thai population using digital subtraction angiography (DSA), with a focus on the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and posterior cerebral artery (PCA). The research aimed to explore anatomical variations in diameters and lengths of these arteries across different sexes and age groups, which are crucial for cerebrovascular interventions. Methods: This retrospective study measured the diameters and lengths of the ACA, MCA, and PCA in 177 Thai patients with an average age of 47.6 years (range: 11–82 years) with normal cerebral angiograms. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used for the measurements. Results: The study found significant sex-based differences in the mean diameters of the left ACA (males: 2.12 ± 0.28 mm, females: 1.92 ± 0.20 mm; p < 0.01), right MCA (males: 2.50 ± 0.25 mm, females: 2.31 ± 0.17 mm; p < 0.01), and left MCA (males: 2.44 ± 0.19 mm, females: 2.30 ± 0.17 mm; p < 0.01) with males exhibiting larger diameters. The right ACA length was significantly longer in males (15.46 ± 1.74 mm) compared to females (13.98 ± 1.92 mm; p < 0.01). While no significant age-related differences were observed in diameters, a significant increase in length with age was noted for the left ACA in the ≥ 60 years group (13.61 ± 1.64 mm) compared to the < 60 years group (12.63 ± 1.36 mm; p < 0.01). Among others, significant correlations were found between the diameters of the left ACA and right MCA (r = 0.699; p < 0.01), and a strong correlation between left ACA length and left PCA diameter (r = 0.975; p < 0.01). Conclusion: The findings provide invaluable data for tailoring neurosurgical approaches and designing angiographic equipment for the Thai population, emphasizing the importance of considering anatomical variations in clinical practice. These results highlight the necessity for personalized medical care based on anatomical differences to improve cerebrovascular intervention outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of blood pressure (BP) screening strategies, including 1) home blood pressure measurement (HBPM), (2) serial screening by CBPM followed by HBPM among individuals with high BP i.e., clinic BP ≥140/90 mmHg (Serial1), (3) serial screening by CBPM followed by HBPM among individuals without high BP i.e., clinic blood pressure <140/90 mmHg (Serial2) compared to CBPM alone. A Markov model was applied among Thai population aged 35 years who had not been previously diagnosed with hypertension (HT) during a lifetime horizon with one-year cycle length from a societal perspective. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses using Monte Carlo simulation with 1,000 replications were performed. The total cost of Serial2 (118,283 baht) was the highest and followed by HBPM (110,767 baht), CBPM (110,588 baht) and Serial1 (78,310 baht). The total quality adjusted life years (QALYs) for the population undergoing BP screening with CBPM, HBPM, Serial1, and Serial2 were 22.1557, 22.1511, 22.1286, and 22.1564, respectively. Compared to CBPM, Serial1 was associated with an incremental cost saving of 32,278 and an incremental QALY loss of 0.0271, whereas HBPM was dominated by CBPM due to higher cost (179 baht) and fewer QALY (-0.0046). Additionally, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of Serial2 was the highest (10,992,000 baht per QALY gained). Moreover, the incidence rate of HT among individuals at age 40–49 years was the most sensitive factor influencing the ICER of HBPM, Serial1 and Serial2. At the Thai societal willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of 160,000 baht per QALY gained, the cost saving associated with Serial1 outweighed the QALY loss. Therefore, it is recommended that Serial1 be implemented as a BP screening option in Thailand. This evidence informed policy information could be invaluable for policymakers in making decision regarding BP screening through village health volunteer mechanism in Thailand and similar settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The phenomenon of high-cost users (HCUs) in health care occurs when a small proportion of patients account for a large proportion of health care expenditures. By understanding this phenomenon during the COVID-19 pandemic, tailored interventions can be provided to ensure that patients receive the care they need and reduce the burden on the health system. Objectives: This study aimed to determine (1) whether the HCUs phenomenon occurred during the pandemic in Thailand by exploring the pattern of inpatient health expenditures over time from 2016 to 2021; (2) the patient characteristics of HCUs; (3) the top 5 primary diagnoses of HCUs; and (4) the potential predictors associated with being an HCU. Methods: The secondary data analysis was conducted via inpatient department (IPD) e-Claim data from the National Health Security Office for the Universal Coverage Scheme, which provides health care to ~ 80% of the Thai population. Health care expenditure over time was calculated, and the characteristics of the population were examined via descriptive analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to explore the potential predictors associated with being an HCU. Results: The characteristics of HCUs remained relatively the same from 2016 to 2021. In terms of the proportion of male (55%) to female patients (45%), the age ranged from 55 to 57 years, with an estimated 8-day length of hospital stay and 7 admissions per year, and the average health care cost per patient was ≥ USD 2,860 (100,000 THB). The low-cost users (LCUs) group (the bottom 50% of the population), had more female patients (55%), a younger age ranging from 27 to 33 years, a 3-day length of stay, 1‒2 admissions per year, and a lower average health care cost per patient, which was less than USD 315 (≤ 11,000 THB). Conclusion: The HCUs phenomenon still existed even with limited health care accessibility or lockdown measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding could indicate the uniqueness of the need for health services by HCUs, which differ from those of other population groups. By understanding the trends of health care utilization and expenditure, along with potential predictors associated with being an HCU, policies can be introduced to ensure the appropriate allocation of health resources to the right people in need of the right care during future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study abroad program offers numerous benefits and holds significant importance in a student’s educational and personal development. It offers a transformative and enriching experience that can positively impact a student’s personal, academic, and professional life. We propose a short-term study abroad and cultural exchange program where one of the main focuses is to create an opportunity for study abroad students to interact and collaborate with people from a different culture (host country students). American students spent 2 weeks with Thai students attending lectures, group discussions, and activities to learn about international marketing and sustainable tourism in Thailand. This study examines the effects of this program on student’s cultural intelligence, global competency, openness to diversity, and learning. It also compares the differences between these two groups to offer more insights. The results show that American study abroad students showed higher cultural intelligence, global competency, and openness to diversity after the program completion, whereas Thai host country students did not show any significant changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made a profound impact on the medical sector, particularly in radiology. The integration of AI knowledge into medical education is essential to equip future healthcare professionals with the skills needed to effectively leverage these advancements in their practices. Despite its significance, many medical schools have yet to incorporate AI into their curricula. This study aims to assess the attitudes of medical students in Thailand toward AI and its application in radiology, with the objective of better planning for its inclusion. Methods: Between February and June 2022, we conducted a survey in two Thai medical schools: Chiang Mai University in Northern Thailand and Prince of Songkla University in Southern Thailand. We employed 5-point Likert scale questions (ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree) to evaluate students' opinions on three main aspects: (1) their understanding of AI, (2) the inclusion of AI in their medical education, and (3) the potential impact of AI on medicine and radiology. Results: Our findings revealed that merely 31% of medical students perceived to have a basic understanding of AI. Nevertheless, nearly all students (93.6%) recognized the value of AI training for their careers and strongly advocated for its inclusion in the medical school curriculum. Furthermore, those students who had a better understanding of AI were more likely to believe that AI would revolutionize the field of radiology (p = 0.02), making it more captivating and impactful (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Our study highlights a noticeable gap in the understanding of AI among medical students in Thailand and its practical applications in healthcare. However, the overwhelming consensus among these students is their readiness to embrace the incorporation of AI training into their medical education. This enthusiasm holds the promise of enhancing AI adoption, ultimately leading to an improvement in the standard of healthcare services in Thailand, aligning with the country's healthcare vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractInvestigations into fostering gender parity in STEM have proliferated, yet the specific situation of Asian American women has been largely overlooked. Harnessing data from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:09), the analysis scrutinizes gender disparities in STEM major selections within distinct Asian American ethnic cohorts, accentuating the pivotal role of math self-efficacy. Pronounced gender disparities were discerned among Vietnamese/Thai and Filipino constituencies, as contrasting with their Chinese, Indian/Sri Lankan, and Japanese/Korean counterparts. For Vietnamese/Thai females, the disparity is partly attributable to diminished math self-efficacy, a dynamic not seen in Filipino disparities. These findings necessitate targeted interventions that foster female interest in STEM, while underscoring the imperative of ethnic specificity. It is paramount that strategies bolster the math confidence of Vietnamese/Thai females, thereby mitigating the deleterious effects of stereotypical expectations and ensuring equitable participation and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractInternational research documents the popularity of youth e-cigarette use and factors associated with consumption. However, less research has examined the behaviour in jurisdictions where such products are illegal. This study therefore investigated social and demographic factors associated with the use of e-cigarettes among youth in Thailand, where such products are prohibited. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among middle and high school students (n = 6,111) to capture individual, interpersonal, organizational, and social factors potentially related to the behaviour. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess associations with e-cigarette susceptibility and use. The prevalence of e-cigarette susceptibility was 15.9%, with 9.7% reporting current use. Risk factors, including lower GPA, current smoking, current substance use, and peer vaping, were associated with susceptibility (vs. non-susceptibility) and use (vs. susceptibility). Parental vaping was linked solely to current use, while middle school attendance, current alcohol use, exposure to e-cigarette use in school and exposure to online marketing, were linked to susceptibility. Negative attitude towards e-cigarettes and regular exposure to anti-e-cigarette activities in school were protective factors against both. High-risk perceptions and regular parental supervision were protective factors for susceptibility. Despite bans, a significant proportion of Thai youth engage in e-cigarette use or are susceptible to it. Unique factors influence susceptibility and use, highlighting the need for strengthening laws and adjusting prevention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Food allergy affects 1%–10% of children under five worldwide, with genetic and early‐life factors playing a primary role. Reported factors include a family history of allergic diseases, personal atopic dermatitis, cesarean section, dietary restrictions during pregnancy and lactation, and the timing of introducing solid foods. This study was aimed at identifying various factors associated with food allergy and evaluate each food allergy's clinical features. Methods: We conducted a case–control study with a participant ratio of 1:2 between cases and controls. Data were gathered from both groups of participants, and questionnaires included living area, sex, and natal history (birth details, maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding, feeding history during infancy, family history of atopic diseases, and household smoking). Results: All 72 cases with food allergy and 145 controls were included in the study. Term birth comprised a protective factor for developing food allergy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.213, p value 0.022). In contrast, personal atopic dermatitis (aOR 20.097, p value 0.001) and a family history of allergic disease constituted risks (aOR 3.183, p value 0.002). Food allergy was unrelated to cesarean section, low birth weight, dietary restrictions during lactation and pregnancy, exclusive breastfeeding, or the early introduction of complementary foods. The three most common food allergens were egg white (40.2%), wheat (34.7%), and cow's milk (30.5%), respectively. Conclusions: In this study, risk factors associated with food allergy comprised a personal history of atopic dermatitis and a family allergic disease, which may be used as predictive factors for developing food allergy among Thai children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is prevalent in exclusively breastfed (EBF) Thai infants. However, in Thailand, iron supplementation guidelines for EBF infants are not available. This prospective open-label study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IDA in 9-month-old EBF infants after receiving iron supplementation from 4 months of age until they consumed adequate iron-rich food. Forty-seven healthy, 4-month-old EBF infants were prescribed 1 mg/kg/day ferrous sulfate. Their complementary food records from 6 to 9 months were calculated for daily iron intake. Complete blood count and iron study were performed at 9 months of age. The results showed that the prevalence of IDA at 9 months was 6.4%. An employed caregiver and the male sex of the baby were significantly associated with iron deficiency. The food record revealed that the median daily iron intake was less than the Thai dietary reference intake recommendation. In summary, the prevalence of IDA in infants with 9 months of exclusive breastfeeding who received iron supplementation was lower than the background rate (25.7%) when iron was not prescribed. Most infants did not have adequate iron in complementary foods. Iron supplementation should be prescribed routinely during 4–9 months of age in healthy Thai EBF infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geriatric syndrome (GS) is the prevalence of a group of phenotypes in older people. Functional decline, cognitive impairment, and frailty are common phenotypes that burden individuals, families, and the healthcare system. Policies targeting GS require information on socioeconomic background of older people, which is scarce in Thailand. We investigated socioeconomic inequality associated with GS using the concentration index and further explained the contributions of socioeconomic status and sociodemographic variables to inequality. Nationally representative data of 7,365 individuals aged 60 years and above from the 5th National Health Examination Survey of 2013 were analyzed. The survey used a physical examination, blood test, and questionnaire interviews to elicit personal information, health status, and household assets. The wealth index was used as the main indicator of socioeconomic status, and participants with missing wealth index data were excluded. Three GS phenotypes—frailty, functional impairment (FI) and neurocognitive dysfunction (NCD)—were included. An indirectly standardized concentration index (Cis) and a 95% confidence interval were used to represent the horizontal equity of the three phenotypes. Contributions to the concentration index (CC)—contribution to a more or less equitable GS distribution—were decomposed and shown in terms of percentage and direction. All GS phenotypes were found to be concentrated in the elderly poor (Cis of FI, frailty, and NCD = -0.068, -0.092, and -0.182, respectively). Work status contributes to a more equitable GS distribution in all the phenotypes (%CC in FI, frailty, and NCD = -1.7%, -5.1%, and -2.0%, respectively), whereas types of insurance schemes made bidirectional contributions to the equity of GS. Policies should be adopted to help prevent GS among poor individuals, provide them with an equal opportunity of access to health schemes and ensure opportunities for older Thai individuals to work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-COVID- 19 syndrome (PCS) significantly impacts the quality of life of survivors. There is, however, a lack of a standardized approach to PCS diagnosis and management. Our bidirectional cohort study aimed to estimate PCS incidence, identify risk factors and biomarkers, and classify clinical phenotypes for enhanced management to improve patient outcomes. Methods: A bidirectional prospective cohort study was conducted at five medical sites in Hatyai district in Songkhla Province, Thailand. Participants were randomly selected from among the survivors of COVID-19 aged≥18 years between May 15, 2022, and January 31, 2023. The selected participants underwent a scheduled outpatient visit for symptom and health assessments 12 to 16 weeks after the acute onset of infection, during which PCS was diagnosed and blood samples were collected for hematological, inflammatory, and serological tests. PCS was defined according to the World Health Organization criteria. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify biomarkers associated with PCS. Moreover, three clustering methods (agglomerative hierarchical, divisive hierarchical, and K-means clustering) were applied, and internal validation metrics were used to determine clustering and similarities in phenotypes. Findings: A total of 300 survivors were enrolled in the study, 47% of whom developed PCS according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. In the sampled cohort, 66.3% were females, and 79.4% of them developed PCS (as compared to 54.7% of males, p-value <0.001). Comorbidities were present in 19% (57/300) of all patients, with 11% (18/159) in the group without PCS and 27.7% (39/141) in the group with PCS. The incidence of PCS varied depending on the criteria used and reached 13% when a quality of life indicator was added to the WHO definition. Common PCS symptoms were hair loss (22%) and fatigue (21%), while mental health symptoms were less frequent (insomnia 3%, depression 3%, anxiety 2%). According to our univariate analysis, we found significantly lower hematocrit and IgG levels and greater ALP levels in PCS patients than in patients who did not develop PCS (p-value < 0.05). According to our multivariable analysis, adjusted ALP levels remained a significant predictor of PCS (OR 1.02, p-value= 0.005). Clustering analysis revealed four groups characterized by severe clinical symptoms and mental health concerns (Cluster 1, 4%), moderate physical symptoms with predominant mental health issues (Cluster 2, 9%), moderate mental health issues with predominant physical symptoms (Cluster 3, 14%), and mild to no PCS (Cluster 4, 77%). The quality of life and ALP levels varied across the clusters. Interpretation: This study challenges the prevailing diagnostic criteria for PCS, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach that considers quality of life. The identification of ALP as a biomarker associated with PCS suggests that its monitoring could be used for early detection of the onset of PCS. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct clinical phenotypes characterized by different clinical symptoms and mental health concerns that 'exhibited varying impacts on quality of life. This finding suggested that accounting for the reduced quality of life in the definition of PCS could enhance its diagnosis and management and that moving toward personalized interventions could both improve patient outcomes and help reduce medicalization and optimally target the available resources. Funding: The research publication received funding support from Medical Council of Thailand (Police General Dr. Jongjate Aojanepong Foundation), Hatyai Hospital Charity and Wellcome Trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Halitosis appears to have significant impacts on quality of life, necessitating reliable assessment tools. The Halitosis Associated Life-Quality Test (HALT) has been validated in various populations, but not among Thai people. While HALT provides a valuable foundation, there is a need for a culturally adapted and expanded instrument for the Thai context. Consequently, this study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive questionnaire for assessing halitosis-related quality of life in Thai populations, incorporating a Thai version of HALT (T-HALT) as a core component. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study involved 200 dental patients at Mahidol University. The original HALT was translated into Thai using forward-backward translation. Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of T-HALT were evaluated through multiple approaches. Content validity was ensured through expert reviews, while face validity was assessed by patient feedback. Reliability was examined via test-retest and internal consistency measures. Criterion and discriminant validity was evaluated by correlating T-HALT scores with self-perceived halitosis and volatile sulfur compound (VSC) measurements, respectively. VSCs were quantified using the OralChroma™ device, which analyzes breath samples collected directly from patients' mouths. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), providing insights into the questionnaire's underlying structure. Results: T-HALT demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alphas = 0.940–0.943) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.886). Criterion validity was supported by a significant correlation between T-HALT scores and self-perceived halitosis (r = 0.503, P < 0.001). Discriminant validity was confirmed by the absence of a significant correlation between T-HALT scores and VSC levels (r = 0.071, P = 0.32). EFA revealed a four-factor structure, which was subsequently confirmed by CFA. However, Items 1 and 7 were excluded due to poor standardized factor loadings. Conclusion: T-HALT demonstrates good reliability and validity for assessing halitosis-related quality of life in Thai populations. It performs well as a unidimensional measure, but its multidimensional application requires modifications. Future research should validate a modified version excluding Items 1 and 7 across diverse Thai populations, potentially enhancing its cultural specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Unusual clinical course. Background: Taeniasis is a helminthic infection caused by the Taenia species, specifically T. solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica. Generally, the parasites infect the small intestine; however, instances of atypical migration have also been reported. Case Report: A 47-year-old Thai woman presented to Nan Hospital with epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. Physical examination revealed tenderness in the right upper quadrant, and laboratory analysis revealed mild direct hyperbilirubinemia. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed multiple gallstones and acute cholecystitis. During an elective cholecystectomy, a 70-cm-long tapeworm was found in the gallbladder. Histological examination confirmed the presence of parasitic infection suggestive of Taenia spp., with acute inflammation and focal mucosal necrosis of the gallbladder. Microscopic examination revealed 20 to 22 uterine branches in each of the 5 gravid proglottids, with 42 to 55 uterine twigs and an average ratio of uterine twigs to branches of 2.41, confirming that the parasite in question was possible for T. saginata or T. asiatica. The patient's symptoms resolved after surgery. She was prescribed an oral antibiotic and antiparasitic drug after the operation and experienced no post-surgical complications. Conclusions: Certain parasitic worms can migrate from the intestine to the biliary system. Although less common, T. solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica can also be detected in the gallbladder and cause acute cholecystitis. This case stresses the potential for misdiagnosis in imaging studies and advises clinicians in endemic areas to consider Taenia spp. infections in the biliary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Improving the genetic traits influencing rooster semen quality and quantity is crucial for optimizing poultry production. Breeders can identify heritable traits that significantly influence semen characteristics by evaluating genetic parameters, ensuring that only the best roosters are selected for breeding purposes. The development of appropriate genetic models aids in accurately predicting these traits, thereby enhancing selection efficiency. Selection based on these models boosts fertility and hatchability and promotes the propagation of desirable traits across generations. This approach leads to healthier, more productive flocks, increased economic efficiency, and more sustainable poultry farming practices. Improving reproductive traits, particularly semen quality and quantity, is crucial for optimizing poultry production and addressing the current limitations in native chicken reproduction. The aim of this study was to develop a genetic model to estimate genetic parameters guiding the selection of individual Thai native roosters. Using data collected from 3475 records of 242 Thai native grandparent roosters aged 1–4 years, we evaluated semen traits (mass movement, semen volume, and sperm concentration) over 54 weeks. A random regression test–day model incorporating five covariance functions, including a linear spline function with four, five, six, and eight knots (SP4, SP5, SP6, and SP8) and second-order Legendre polynomial function (LG2), was used to estimate genetic parameters. The results showed that the SP8 model consistently outperformed the other models across all traits, with the lowest mean square error, highest coefficient of determination, and superior predictive ability. Heritability estimates for mass movement, semen volume, and sperm concentration ranged from 0.10 to 0.25, 0.22 to 0.25, and 0.11 to 0.24, respectively, indicating moderate genetic influence on these traits. Genetic correlations between semen volume and sperm concentration were highest in the SP8 model, highlighting a strong genetic association between these traits. The SP8 model also revealed a high genetic correlation between mass movement and semen volume, supporting the potential for selecting mass movement as a predictor of semen volume. In conclusion, this study highlights the effectiveness of random regression models with linear spline functions to evaluate the genetic parameters of semen traits in native Thai roosters. The SP8 model is a robust tool for breeders to enhance the reproductive performance of native Thai chickens, contributing to sustainable poultry production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study, conducted at a regional Thai hospital, assesses the comparative efficacy of self-collected versus clinician-collected samples for HPV detection using the Cobas 8800 system among Thai women aged 30–60. Methods: Our methodology involved analyzing 1541 self-collected and 1398 clinician-collected samples. Results: The results show a statistically significant mean difference in cycle threshold (Ct) values favoring clinician-collected samples (1.53; 95% CI: 1.18–1.87, p < 0.0001). This pattern was consistent across various age groups, with the most pronounced differences noted in the oldest cohort (50–59 years), suggesting higher detection efficiency in clinician-collected samples. The study further explored the correlation of Ct values with cytological and histological outcomes, where clinician-collected samples demonstrated superior diagnostic performance, particularly in identifying LSIL and HSIL conditions, evidenced by AUC values of 0.793 and 0.866, respectively. While self-sampling remains a viable method, with sensitivity reaching up to 48.84% for LSIL and 46.15% for HSIL, clinician collection proved more accurate, likely influencing future national screening policies. Conclusions: This work underscores the need for robust sample collection methods and the importance of ongoing enhancements to self-sampling assays and techniques to ensure their efficacy in cervical cancer screening programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study elucidates the concept of 'official', frequently used as a counterpart to fans in pop culture fandom using the case of Thai Boys Love drama fandom in Japan. It is necessary to examine the relationship between fandom and hegemony without assuming the potential of participatory culture and fandom as a counterculture. Therefore, this study focuses on how fans construct norms based on the concept of 'official' and internalise this power. Furthermore, it explores the meanings and respective boundaries of 'unofficial' and 'official' as constructed by fans. The results of the participation observations and interviews as an acafan revealed that the unofficial fan club, mass media and other entities were 'officialised' and the boundary between 'official' and unofficial was challenged by both fandom and the 'official' side. The mass media plays the role of the owner of cultural content and provider of norms, and fans expect each other to follow them through the constructed and ambiguous concept of 'official'. The hegemony of 'official' is constructed by the voluntary consent of fans, and internalising these hegemonies leads to self-censorship and self-regulation. Blind overconfidence in fan-created 'official' may reinforce these structures and undermine the freedom and independence of fans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parenteral artesunate is the first-line therapy for severe malaria. Artesunate, in its current formulation, must be prepared immediately before administration by first dissolving in sodium bicarbonate solution and then diluting in saline. A novel solvent for rapid and stable single step reconstitution of artesunate was recently developed showing improved solubility and stability. This study aimed to compare the safety and pharmacokinetic properties of the currently available and newly developed parenteral formulation of artesunate in healthy Thai volunteers. Methods: This was an open-label, randomized, 4 periods, 4-treatments, 24-sequence, single-dose, cross-over study in 72 male and female healthy Thai volunteers. Frequent pharmacokinetic samples were collected in all volunteers at each dose occasion. Observed concentration–time profiles were analysed with a non-compartmental approach followed by a bioequivalence evaluation. Results: Both intramuscular and intravenous administrations of the new parenteral formulation of artesunate were safe and well-tolerated, with no additional safety signals compared to the currently used formulation. The pharmacokinetic properties of artesunate and its active metabolite, dihydroartemisinin, were well-characterized, and showed rapid conversion of artesunate into dihydroartemisinin. Intramuscular administration of the newly formulated artesunate resulted in almost complete bioavailability of dihydroartemisinin. The pharmacokinetic properties were similar between the old and new formulation. Conclusions: The new and more easily prepared formulation of artesunate was safe and well-tolerated, with similar pharmacokinetic properties compared to the currently used formulation. Dihydroartemisinin, the active metabolite responsible for the majority of the anti-malarial effect, showed equivalent exposure after both intravenous and intramuscular administration of artesunate, suggesting that both routes of administration should generate comparable therapeutic effects. Trial registration: The study was registered to clinicaltrials.gov (#TCTR20170907002). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of Thai women workers' experience during the economic boom between the 1960s and 1990s. Specifically, the paper focuses on the working conditions of female factory laborers located in Bangkok and neighboring provinces during this transformative period. To accomplish this, the paper utilizes a variety of previously unused primary sources: quantitative data from a series of surveys conducted by the Department of Labor and other governmental organizations, along with qualitative evidence from ethnographies, recorded interviews, and reports by non-profit organizations. Three aspects of working conditions are considered: health and safety, remuneration, and working hours. It is argued that women workers faced unsafe work environments and long hours, while the growth of their real incomes lagged behind that of GDP per capita. Despite socioeconomic and cultural obstacles to unionizing, this paper finds that collective action empowered women workers and gave them a voice in addressing these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the Mind Space Application on psychological outcomes among Thai-university students with depression. Thai-university students with depression (N = 50) were recruited between November 2021 and January 2022. Participants were randomly assigned to either an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention via the Mind Space Application intervention or a waitlist control group. Stress, anxiety, depression, and mindfulness were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Post-intervention, compared to waitlist control group, participants using the Mind Space Application reported large effects in the reduction of stress (d = 1.46, p <.001) and depression (d = 1.88 , p <.001), small to moderate effects in reduction of anxiety (d = 0.35, p =.35), but no significant. Also, mindfulness scores were significantly higher (d = 1.90, p <.001) compared to the waitlist control group. Thai-university students with depression who used the Mind Space Application showed lower stress and depression and higher mindfulness compared to the waitlist group among. Similar applications may be useful as an alternative or combined with other treatments to improve psychological outcomes in other university student populations. • Approximately 20% of university students had been diagnosed with mental health disorder, only 16.4% of those students received treatments. • - There are many barriers to receiving treatment including cost, lack of mental health professionals, and personal obstacles (e.g., stigma, and lack of knowledge) • Online mindfulness-based intervention (MBIs) is one of the techniques used for the prevention and treatment of mental health problems in university students in worldwide, but no prior in Thailand. • This study shows that online MBI via Mind Space application improves psychological outcomes in Thai-university students with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thorough knowledge of the management of age-related hyperkyphosis is crucial to physiotherapists' effective handling of complex spinal deformities. Objective: This cross-sectional study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and confidence of Thai physiotherapists regarding age-related hyperkyphosis. Methods: An online questionnaire with demographic, work-related, knowledge, attitude, and confidence questions was employed. The data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and independent t-tests. Results: Complete responses were obtained from 314 physiotherapists. The correct responses amounted to 68.79% for the definition, 90.00% for causes, 14.97% for age of onset, 22.38% for prevalence, and 64.65% for the gold-standard diagnosis of hyperkyphosis. Most of the diagnostic methods involved visual examination. The respondents reported that hyperkyphosis disrupts respiratory function. The aim of treatment, according to 88.85%, was to increase spine mobility. Corrective posture exercises were the most common treatment strategy, but the range of treatments was diverse. Many cited undergraduate education as their primary evidence source. Respondents had conflicting attitudes towards "age-related hyperkyphosis is a normal aging process" but mostly positive attitudes towards the need for physiotherapy treatment. Approximately 22% reported fair confidence in treating hyperkyphosis. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of raising awareness and enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and confidence among physiotherapists to improve care for older adults with hyperkyphosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to assess and compare the effectiveness and side effects of various concentrations of pilocarpine eye drops (1.5%, 1.25%, and 1%), with and without 0.1% brimonidine, in treating presbyopia, specifically in a Thai population. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, and crossover trial was conducted at Siriraj Hospital from August 2022 to April 2023. The study included emmetropic individuals aged 40 to 60 with presbyopia (near visual acuity not exceeding J1+) and refractive errors within +/- 0.5D. Ten subjects were randomly assigned to six groups for the different concentrations and type of eye drops using a computer-generated systematic randomization to receive 1.5%, 1.25%, and 1% pilocarpine with and without 0.1% brimonidine. And visual outcomes including visual acuity at distance and near were measured at 2, 4, and 6 hours post-application, with adverse effects monitored. Primary outcome was visual acuity at near after applied topical eye drops. Results: Among the 10 participants (30% male, median age 46.5 years old), 1.25% pilocarpine and combined 1.25% pilocarpine + 0.1% brimonidine significantly improved near visual acuity at all time points (statistically significant with Bonferroni correction). Adverse effects, such as dry eye and irritation, were more common with 1.5% pilocarpine + 0.1% brimonidine. Conclusion: In this preliminary study, 1.25% pilocarpine and 1.25% pilocarpine + 0.1% brimonidine showed promise in effectively treating presbyopia in the Thai study population, with acceptable side effect rates. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings and provide more robust insights into presbyopia management in the Asian demographic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the mutational spectrum of the ABCA4 gene in Thai patients with Stargardt disease. Materials and Methods: DNA sequencing of all 50 exons of the ABCA4 gene was performed in nine Thai patients with clinically diagnosed Stargardt disease. Results: Amino acid sequence variations in the ABCA4 gene were found in five patients. Six missense mutations, c.71G>A, c.635G>A, c.1268A>G, c.3626T>C, c.4283C>T, and c.5761G>A, previously associated with Stargardt disease, were identified in our cohort. The variant c.1268A>G was the most prevalent in our study. Conclusion: In this cohort, only 56% of Thai Stargardt patients had missense mutations in the ABCA4 gene. Mutations in the non-coding regions of the ABCA4 or mutations in other genes may be responsible for Stargardt phenotypes in the remaining patients. Our findings are the first to reveal the mutational spectrum of ABCA4 leading to Stargardt disease in the Thai population and demonstrate a potential for ABCA4 screening as well as the importance of genetic variability in Thai patients with clinically suspected Stargardt disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The likelihood that students pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) depends on the extent to which they identify with these fields (i.e., STEM identity). In order for students to develop a STEM identity, it is crucial that they receive social recognition from others (e.g., family members, teachers, friends, and professionals in STEM). Yet, research that explicitly compares whose recognition is meaningful to students in developing STEM is still scarce. This study examines to what extent 134 Thai secondary school students (47 males and 87 females) perceive meaningfulness of recognition in STEM if they gain from different persons. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using statistical methods. The results indicate that, regardless of the students' gender and educational levels, students similarly appreciate social recognition from friends, family members, teachers, and unspecified others. Only recognition from professionals in STEM, however, is significantly lesser meaningful than that from other kinds of persons. Moreover, students with strong STEM identities are more likely than those with weak STEM identities to appreciate social recognition. These results highlight not only the importance of recognition from those with whom students are already intimate, rather than recognition from those who work in STEM fields, but also different scaffoldings for students with varying degrees of STEM identity to see themselves as STEM persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the factors influencing the adoption of Generative-AI tools amongst Thai university students, employing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a theoretical framework. Data from 911 higher education students from 10 different Thai Universities Health Sciences, Sciences and Technology, Social Sciences and Humanities, and Vocational Fields were analysed via Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The instrument used in collecting the data was a questionnaire. Results indicated that Expected Benefits, Perceived Usefulness, Attitude Toward Technology, and Behavioural Intention all significantly impacted student adoption of Generative AI. Intriguingly, Perceived Ease of Use was negatively correlated with Perceived Usefulness, challenging conventional TAM assumptions. This study underscores the need to address language barriers, foster a culture of innovation, and establish ethical guidelines to promote responsible AI use within education. Despite inherent limitations, this research contributes to our understanding of AI adoption in educational settings and helps inform strategies for equitable access and responsible innovation. The result demonstrated that the easier a tool was to use, the less value leaners seemed to see in it for their learning process. It can be implied that as Generative- AI get more intuitive, learners think they're less helpful. These finding challenges a few of those assumptions we usually make within the TAM model. It also points out the characteristic of learners which affects their learning preferences and expectation. Another finding showed the impact of language barrier on non-native English speaker that obstruct the user experience in AI services. Moreover, the role of universities in fostering both AI integration for learning for and the ethical implementation of Generative AI. By providing a supportive environment that encourages AI experimentation, redesign learning, empowering learners and faculty instructors to investigate how Generative AI can be applied across disciplines, and developing guidelines for ethical use, universities play a critical role in shaping the effective and responsible integration of AI into the next educational landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension is the important risk factor for cause disability and death, particularly if there is a loss of self-care knowledge. Health literacy encompasses the comprehension and awareness of health-related information, which is beneficial for managing the health of older adults with hypertension. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the impact of a transformative health literacy model to develop the health literacy levels among Thai senior citizen with hypertension. Method: This research employed an experiment. Thirty-six participants engaged in the transformative health literacy model. The instrument is the health literacy in hypertension scale, which had acceptable reliability and validity. Results: The study revealed that the level of health literacy in the post-test and follow-up phases of the experimental group who received the health literacy promotion model was significantly higher than the pre-test level of health literacy at a significance level of 0.05. Conclusion: The study outcomes create a new pathway to enhancements of health literacy in Thai older adults with hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There remains a dearth of answers to certain inquiries regarding oral English presentations, despite the growing interest in this field in recent years. The current study examined Thai university students' perspectives on their English presentation abilities, the difficulties they encounter when delivering English presentations in an online environment, and their preferred mode of presentation. They enrolled in a 12‐week online course on English presentation and communication skills through the Zoom application. This study employed a qualitative methodology and utilized reflective writing from students in response to four open‐ended questions that prompted respondents to consider their experiences. A thematic approach was applied to the reflective essays to identify recurring themes and patterns within the data. The findings of the analysis indicated that, overall, the students expressed the need for enhancement in their English presentation abilities. Furthermore, this research emphasized several challenges that students confronted when delivering online presentations, encompassing nonverbal communication, anxiety, the audience's engagement, and addressing questions. Despite the apparent convenience of online presentations, they conveyed a preference for face‐to‐face presentations. Interaction, teacher and peer support, and a desire to become a professional presenter were the three factors that affected their preference. This study establishes a fundamental basis for subsequent investigations and proposes strategies that higher education instructors can implement to enhance their students' English presentation skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic infection in individuals with HIV, and rifampicin is crucial in the treatment of tuberculosis. Drug–drug interactions complicate the use of DTG in HIV/TB co‐infection, which makes drug administration more difficult. This study aimed to develop the population pharmacokinetic model of DTG when co‐administered with rifampicin. The developed model was further used to investigate different dosing regimens. Forty HIV/TB‐co‐infected participants receiving DTG 50 mg once daily (OD) with food or DTG 50 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) without food were included in the analysis. Intensive pharmacokinetic samples were collected. The data were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling approach. A total of 332 DTG concentrations from 40 PLWH were analyzed. The pharmacokinetics of DTG co‐administered with rifampicin can be best described by a one‐compartment model with first‐order absorption (incorporating lag time) and elimination. Total bilirubin was the only covariate that significantly affected CL/F. DTG 50 mg b.i.d. results in the highest proportion of individuals achieving in vitro IC90 of 0.064 mg/L and in vivo EC90 of 0.3 mg/L, while more than 90% of individuals receiving DTG 100 mg OD would achieve the in vitro IC90 target. Therefore, DTG 100 mg OD could serve as an alternative regimen by minimizing the difficulty of drug administration. However, its clinical efficacy requires additional evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe rare genetic interactions of α-thalassemia alleles causing Hb H disease and Hb Bart’s hydrops fetalis which could lead to diagnostic errors in a routine practice.Hematological and molecular characterization were carried out in a Thai family with a risk of having fetus with Hb Bart’s hydrops fetalis.Both parents were found to be the thalassemia intermedia patients associated with unusual forms of Hb H disease. DNA analysis of common α-thalassemia mutations in Thailand identified α+-thalassemia (-α3.7 kb del) and unknown α0-thalassemia in the father and α0-thalassemia (--SEA) with unknown α+-thalassemia in the mother. Fetal DNA analysis unlikely identified a homozygosity for α0-thalassemia (--SEA/--SEA). Further analysis identified that the father carried a rare South African α0-thalassemia in combination with α+-thalassemia (--SA/-α), whereas the mother was a patient with Hb H-Queens Park disease (--SEA/ααQP). The fetus was, in fact, a compound heterozygote for (--SA/--SEA).As shown in this study, routine screening for α-thalassemia at prenatal diagnosis in the region should include both common and rare α0-thalassemia alleles found in the population to effectively prevent a fatal condition of Hb Bart’s hydrops fetalis syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs a mathematical model to analyze and forecast the severe outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), focusing on the socio-economic ramifications within the Thai population and among foreign tourists. Specifically, the model examines the impact of the disease on various population groups, including susceptible (S), exposed (E), infected (I), quarantined (Q), and recovered (R) individuals among tourists visiting the country. The stability theory of differential equations is utilized to validate the mathematical model. This involves assessing the stability of both the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium using the basic reproduction number. Emphasis is placed on local stability, the positivity of solutions, and the invariant regions of solutions. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of the model is conducted. The computation of the basic reproduction number (R0) reveals that the disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when R0 is less than 1, whereas the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when R0 exceeds 1. Notably, both equilibriums are globally asymptotically stable under the same conditions. Through numerical simulations, the study concludes that the outcome of COVID-19 is most sensitive to reductions in transmission rates. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the model to all parameters is thoroughly considered, informing strategies for disease control through various intervention measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most real-world data on CGRP mAbs have been published from high-income countries such as the USA, Western countries, Japan, Korea, and Singapore. However, data from low- and middle-income countries in Southeast Asia is lacking. This is the first real-world study from Thailand to describe the efficacy of CGRP mAbs therapy in migraine patients and to analyze the response trends between episodic migraine and chronic migraine. Methods: We conducted a single-center, real-world retrospective chart review study with an observation period of 6 months after CGRP mAbs initiation. We aim to compare treatment responses to CGRP mAbs between EM and CM patients. Results: A total of 47 Thai patients were enrolled (median [IQR] age 37.2 [28.6–50.4] years; 85.1%F, 44.7% EM; 70.2% galcanezumab). There was no difference in baseline characteristics and migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) between EM and CM. The overall ≥ 30%, ≥ 50%, and ≥ 70% monthly migraine day reduction rates at 6 months were 89.0%, 71.6%, and 58.5% with higher responders in EM. There was a significant decrease in monthly headache days (MHDs) over time (adjusted β = -0.42, p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in MIDAS score over time after the initiation of CGRP mAbs (adjusted β = -1.12, p = 0.003). However, there were no differences between the two diagnoses. There was no significant decrease in the number of abortive medication pills used over time after the initiation of CGRP mAbs. CM had a significantly steeper trend compared to those with EM. Conclusion: The first real-world study in Thailand demonstrated that CGRP mAbs therapy had efficacy for migraine treatment, as evidenced by a reduction in MHDs, decreased disability, and reduced use of abortive medications. Additionally, the response pattern to CGRP mAbs therapy was similar between EM and CM in terms of MHDs reduction and MIDAS score improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aim Methods Results Conclusion As data are sparse on the long‐term association between periodontal diseases and development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), we investigated their relationship in a Thai cohort over a 10‐year observational period.Medical records and data on periodontal assessments of 2161 employees of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand collected at two time points, 2003 and 2013, were used. Experienced periodontists used standard national and international criteria to define periodontitis and MetS. The impact of baseline periodontitis on subsequent MetS incidence and its components was evaluated using regression analyses.The severity and extent of periodontitis significantly predicted MetS incidence over a decade, with a higher incidence of MetS in individuals with poorer periodontal health. A single percentage increase in the periodontitis extent raised the risk of MetS incidence by 0.4% and the risk of developing individual components of MetS by 0.2%. Independent of periodontal health, age of an individual emerged as a factor impacting MetS development.This study highlights the potential effect of the severity and extent of periodontitis on the increased incidence and progression of MetS. Hyperglycaemia and hypertension were the two MetS components most significantly affected by the existence of periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Streptococcus mutans is studied for its acidogenic and aciduric characteristics, notably its biofilm formation in the presence of sucrose, toward its role in the caries process. Variations in both genotype and phenotype have been reported among clinical isolates of S. mutans. This study aimed to examine genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of S. mutans obtained from Thai children with varying caries statuses. Methods: We determined the presence of S. mutans and caries status in 395 children aged 3–4 years. From 325 children carrying S. mutans, we selected 90 with different caries statuses—caries-free (CF; n = 30), low severity of caries (LC; n = 30), or high severity of caries (HC; n = 30). Three isolates of S. mutans were taken from each child, thus, a total of 270 isolates were obtained. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to genotype the isolates and assess their clonal relationships. The properties, including biofilm formation, collagen binding, and acid production and tolerance were also evaluated. Results: Children with carious lesions showed a higher detection rate and number of S. mutans in saliva than those without caries. S. mutans from individuals with HC status showed the lowest biofilm formation ability, while this group had the highest detection rate of collagen-binding isolates. There was no difference in acid production or tolerance by caries status. Genotyping by MLST did not reveal any clone of S. mutans specific to CF status. This result remained even when we included MLST data from the open-access PubMLST database. MLST did identify clones containing only strains from caries-affected hosts, but tests of their phenotypic properties did not reveal any differences between S. mutans from these clones and clones that were from both caries-free and caries-affected children. Conclusions: The clonal relationships of S. mutans indicated by MLST were not associated with the status of dental caries in the host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Limited knowledge exists about genital psoriasis in Thai individuals. Objectives. This study aimed to assess the clinical features of genital psoriasis and its effects on quality of life and sexual health in Thai patients. Materials and Methods. A cross‐sectional, self‐administered question‐based study was conducted at Siriraj Hospital. Participants were psoriasis patients older than 18 years of age with past or current genital involvement. The study assessed quality of life and sexual health. Results. Among the 50 patients, 33 (66%) were female. The mean (standard deviation) age was 45.4 (±13.4) years. Genital psoriasis was active in 34% of the participants. The mons pubis (48.5%) and labia majora (18.2%) were the most frequently affected sites in females, while in males, the penile shaft (52.9%) and glans (47.1%) were the most common sites. Itch‐related symptoms predominated, affecting 82% of patients. The median dermatology life quality index score was 6.5 for females and 10 for males. A sexual health survey revealed that 54% of participants had low self‐esteem. This issue was more pronounced in males, with 76.5% reporting lower self‐esteem compared to 42.4% of females (P = 0.022). Males were also more inclined to postpone or avoid marriage (47.1% vs. 15.6%, P = 0.038) and more embarrassed about sexual activities (63.6% vs. 14.3%, P = 0.017). In addition, males were more inclined to avoid sexual encounters due to their genital condition. Notably, 42.9% of all patients had never disclosed to a doctor that they had genital psoriasis. Conclusions. Genital psoriasis impacts quality of life and sexual function, with male patients being particularly impacted. Improved awareness of these issues among health professionals might increase patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Method Results Interpretation To systematically review the psychometric properties of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) when used for infant populations internationally, defined as infants not living in Canada, where the normative sample was established.Seven databases were searched for studies that informed the psychometric properties of the AIMS and culturally adapted or translated versions in non‐Canadian infant cohorts.Forty‐nine studies reported results from 11 663 infants representing 22 countries. Country‐specific versions of the AIMS are available for Brazilian, Polish, Serbian, Spanish, and Thai infant cohorts. Country‐specific norms were introduced for Brazilian, Dutch, Polish, and Thai cohorts. The original Canadian norms were appropriate for Brazilian, Greek, and Turkish cohorts. Across countries, the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the AIMS was generally sufficient, except for predictive validity. Sufficient structural validity was found in one study, responsiveness in one study, discriminant validity in four of four studies, concurrent validity in 14 of 16 studies, reliability in 26 of 26 studies, and predictive validity in only eight of 13 studies.The use of the AIMS with validated versions and norms is recommended. The AIMS or country‐specific versions should be used with caution if norms have not been validated within the specific cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epidemiology of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) varies by country. Investigating the epidemiological profile among Thai IIMs could help to inform public health policy, potentially leading to cost-reducing strategies. We aimed to assess the prevalence and incidence of IIM in the Thai population between 2017 and 2020. A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted on patients 18 or older, using data from the Information and Communication Technology Center, Ministry of Public Health, with a primary diagnosis of dermatopolymyositis, as indicated by the ICD-10 codes M33. The prevalence and incidence of IIMs were analyzed with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and then categorized by sex and region. In 2017, the IIM cases numbered 9,074 among 65,204,797 Thais, resulting in a prevalence of 13.9 per 100,000 population (95% CI 13.6–14.2). IIMs were slightly more prevalent among women than men (16.8 vs 10.9 per 100,000). Between 2018 and 2020, the incidence of IIMs slightly declined from 5.09 (95% CI 4.92–5.27) in 2017 and 4.92 (95% CI 4.76–5.10) in 2019 to 4.43 (95% CI 4.27–4.60) per 100,000 person-years in 2020. The peak age group was 50–69 years. Between 2018 and 2020, the majority of cases occurred in southern Thailand, with incidence rates of 7.60, 8.34, and 8.74 per 100,000 person-years. IIMs are uncommon among Thais, with a peak incidence in individuals between 60 and 69, especially in southern Thailand. The incidence of IIMs decreased between 2019 and 2020, most likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which reduced reports and investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pregnant women are more likely to have a higher severity of illness after being infected with coronavirus disease 2019 compared with the general population, particularly in the hyperinflammatory phase. However, immunomodulatory drugs are contraindicated and have been associated with an increased risk of fetal abnormalities. Therefore, we are reporting our experience with the use of HA330 hemoperfusion in combination with standard therapy in severe to critical coronavirus disease 2019 cases among pregnant patients. Case presentation: From January 2020 to December 2021, four pregnant Thai women were treated with hemoperfusion using a cytokine adsorptive technique. The patients' ages ranged from 21 to 36 years old, and their gestational ages at the time of admission ranged from 18 to 38 weeks. Two patients required intubation. Extracorporeal blood purification with an adsorptive cartridge (HA330®, Jafron, China) was applied as an adjunctive strategy to standard therapy approximately one week after the onset of symptoms, and most patients received three sessions of hemoperfusion. The baseline C-reactive protein level was greater than 80 mg/dL. The results showed that hemoperfusion could decrease the C-reactive protein level by approximately 80% and improve oxygenation. The newborns were delivered by Cesarean section without complications. Neither mortality nor serious adverse events related to hemoperfusion occurred. Conclusion: This report may help ensure the use of the hemoperfusion strategy in pregnant patients during a cytokine storm. However, a larger cohort is needed to confirm its safety and efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex estimation from skeletal remains is crucial in forensic anthropology, with growing interest in the microscopic differences in bone structure between sexes. This study compared the Haversian canal (Osteonic canal) diameter (Diameter.Hc) and Haversian system (Osteon) diameter (Diameter.Hs) in the humerus, radius, and ulna of adult males and females in a Thai population. Transverse sections from the midshaft of each bone were obtained from 20 cadavers (10 males, 10 females), processed histologically, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results showed no significant differences in Diameter.Hc and Diameter.Hs between sexes or among the three bones within each sex (p > 0.05). However, both parameters were larger in humans compared to Assamese macaques, highlighting interspecific variations in bone microstructure. These findings suggest that Haversian canal and system diameters may not be reliable sex indicators in the Thai population. Nonetheless, the observed differences between humans and non-human primates underscore the importance of further research into interspecific variation in bone microstructure and its potential applications in forensic anthropology and comparative anatomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the facial bone remains are mostly damaged or fractured in the crime scenes, the occipital bone (OB) is a possible skull bone to be used for sex determination in forensic sciences. The high accuracy of the use of the OB for sex estimation has been reported in many populations. This recent study attempted to modify and apply the 12 parameters on OB for such determination in the Northeastern Thai skulls. Discriminant function analyses and descriptive statistics were performed. The results showed that all parameters including the hormion-basion length, bi-lower part of temporo-occipital suture breadth, bi-asterios breadth, opisthion-lambda length, foramen magnum breadth, foramen magnum length, right-lower part of temporo-occipital suture to opisthion length, left-lower part of temporo-occipital suture to opisthion length, right-asterion to basion length, left-asterion to basion length, right-asterion to lambda length, and left-asterion to lambda length of males were significantly higher than those of females (P<0.01). Interestingly the discriminant equation analyzed from univariable showed that the temporo-occipital suture breadth (TOB) has the highest accuracy rate (75.4 %) among 12 parameters. For multivariable analysis via stepwise method, the hormion-basion length (HBL), temporo-occipital suture breadth (TOB), and left asterion to basion length (Lt. ABL) provided the highest rate of accuracy (78.8 %). In conclusion, this study suggested that TOB, HBL, and Lt. ABL are potential parameters to be used for sex determination on dry occipital bone remains of the Northeastern Thai population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality globally and in Thailand. They affect the physical, psychosocial, and spiritual dimensions. Spiritual distress impacts the spiritual health of patients with chronic illnesses. Materials and methods: This study surveyed spiritual distress among patients with chronic NCDs. The sample comprised 400 patients with chronic NCDs from 8 provinces of Thailand, selected using a multistage sampling technique. A Spiritual Distress Scale for Thai Patients with Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (SDS-Thai-NCDs) was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, were applied for data analysis. Results: Research findings revealed that the overall spiritual distress among participants was at a mild level (72.65±30.21). Moreover, individual dimensions of spiritual distress were at a mild level, including: 1) Physical expression (9.16±3.54) 2) Loss of relationships with oneself and others (18.36±8.56) 3) Loss of relationship with nature and a higher power (8.49±4.10) 4) Loss of self-esteem, meaning, and purpose of life (21.96±10.16), and 5) Loss of hope and inner strength (14.68±7.63). Conclusion: The overall and individual dimensions of spiritual distress among participants were at a mild level. This finding can be useful in providing spiritual care for patients with NCDs and in further studies on spiritual distress in other groups and research areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case of nest predation involving a Japanese Sparrowhawk and a Siberian Weasel in China. The researchers observed the weasel attacking the sparrowhawk and taking all of the nestlings and the remaining unhatched egg. The study highlights the vulnerability of small raptors to nest predation and its potential impact on their reproductive success. The document is a list of literature cited in a research article on various topics related to raptors, including breeding biology, nesting habits, and behavior, with studies conducted in different regions. The topics explored in the cited literature range from nesting failure to population decline and include aspects such as fearfulness, competitive interactions, migration routes, and parental investment theory. [Extracted from the article]

Endometritis is an important factor in cattle fertility. Pathogenicity and the development of numerous reproductive diseases are directly related to bacterial imbalance in the genital tract. A commercial antibiotic can be relatively costly and can disrupt the animal's usual gut microflora; instead of plant medicals. The aim of this study was to develop an effective artificial insemination (AI) gel from traditional Thai herbs that exhibit bacterial inhibition. Twenty-four female Thai native cattle were divided into two groups: endometritis and healthy. Uterine swabs were isolated, identified, and tested for bacterial biofilm formation in vitro. Brucella ovis, Campylobacter fetus, Helicobacter trogontum, and Arcobacter cryaerophilus were found in female genitalia with endometritis based on weak biofilm information. Garcinia mangostana Linn. and Achyranthes aspera Linn. extracts were tested for antibacterial activity using agar dilution assay. A 10 μg/mL concentration of both extracts in combination was effective against the mixed bacterial isolation. The specific AI gel with those extracts was then developed (so-called GA-Gel) in vivo. The combined extracts inhibited the endometritis bacteria that expressed antimicrobial activity in vivo. Their hematological profiles indicated that the total white blood cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes counts decreased (p=0.05). Compared to healthy cattle, the treated cattle had no significant difference in the levels of aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine. Both in vivo and in vitro indicated that the GA-Gel was effective for the prevention of an increase of bacteria and can be potentially developed to be an efficient AI gel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report a case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) keratouveitis-induced malignant glaucoma after repeat penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Methods: Retrospective review of the patient's medical records and review of literature on EBV corneal endotheliitis and/or anterior uveitis. Results: A 78-year-old Thai female patient presented with a markedly edematous corneal graft, dense pigmented keratic precipitates, fibrinous anterior chamber reaction, uniformly flat anterior chamber, and ocular hypertension of 55 mmHg in the left eye on the first day after the third PK. An aqueous tap for polymerase chain reaction analysis was positive for EBV DNA but negative for other herpesviruses. The patient was diagnosed with EBV endotheliitis and anterior uveitis-induced malignant glaucoma; and successfully treated with oral valacyclovir and topical 2% ganciclovir eye drops. Conclusions: EBV endotheliitis and anterior uveitis can induce malignant glaucoma following PK. A high index of suspicion is required when a patient has a history of unexplained multiple graft rejections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the prevalence of self-reported bruxism, awareness of bruxism's adverse effects, and bruxism management among Thai undergraduate dental students. Methods: An online self-reported questionnaire was designed and tested for validity and reliability and then distributed to dental students at 12 universities in Thailand from September 2020 to January 2021. Results: There were 464 respondents (338 females and 126 males) with an average age of 21.42 ± 2.06 years. The prevalence of self-reported awake and sleep bruxism was 35.78% and 37.28%, respectively, and 19.40% had both awake and sleep bruxism. Awareness scores were higher for dentists than for patients (p< 0.001). Only 12.14% of sleep bruxers still wear an occlusal splint for bruxism management. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-reported awake and sleep bruxism was high among Thai dental students. They are well aware of the adverse effects of bruxism with inappropriate management of the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) has risen significantly worldwide in recent decades. Eastern and western countries report differences in disease characteristics and treatment strategies. However, the Southeast Asian AEG data remains extremely limited. Objective: To demonstrate the clinicopathological characteristics and surgical treatment outcomes of AEG in Thai patients. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted retrospective review of 106 AEG patients who underwent curative resection at a university hospital in Thailand between 1998 and 2020. All patients were classified by the Siewert classification. The clinicopathological characteristics, operative outcomes, and survival outcomes were reported and compared between each subtype. The chi-square test was utilized to compare categorical variables, whereas, the one-way ANOVA test was used to analyze continuous data. Survival outcomes were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was employed to compare the variables that impact survival. Results: Of 106 patients, 13 patients (12.3%) were classified as Siewert type 1, 56 patients (52.8%) as Siewert type 2, and 37 patients (34.9%) as Siewert type 3 tumors. Most type 1 patients (76.9%) underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy, whereas 60.7% and 81.1% of type 2 and type 3 patients, respectively, received extended gastrectomy. The overall 30-day mortality was 1.9%. The cohort revealed a 5-year survival rate of 25.4%, with a median survival of 17 months. Multivariate analysis showed that poor survival was significantly associated to age older than 65 years (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.51 to 4.28), higher pN stage (HR 2.63, 95% CI 1.48 to 4.67), and higher histologic grade (HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.39). Conclusion: The present study is the first study on AEG in Thailand, showing increasing number comparable to those in Western countries. A greater proportion of AEG cases in Thailand were classified as Siewert types 2 and 3. The survival prognosis was still unfavorable and requires improvement in upcoming instances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) and their awareness, attitudes, and perception of this issue. Study design: Using a specifically designed questionnaire, interviews were performed on 500 Thai postmenopausal women who attended at Vajira Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, from August 2021 to April 2022. Results: The mean age of the 500 participants was 60.39 ± 8.12 years. The prevalence of GSM was 47.2%. The common symptoms affected by GSM were vaginal dryness (38.5%), urinary urgency (24.6%), dyspareunia (13.6%), vaginal irritation (10.2%), vaginal burning (7.2%), and dysuria (5.9%). One-half of the women were uncomfortable talking about GSM. Three-quarters who did not reveal GSM symptoms believed that the problem was a part of aging. Only 20.3% of women who suffer from symptoms consulted a health care provider (HCP). Of the women who had been prescribed treatment, 84.6% of these women reported better quality of life. Conclusions: GSM is a meaningful decrement in quality of life. Most Thai postmenopausal women who had symptoms believed that the problem was the aging process. Awareness of GSM and available treatment would be a further benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined perceptions and attitudes toward electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among young adults aged 15-20 years in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand, and their relationship. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between July and October 2023. The study included 328 young adults aged 15-20 selected from an educational institution in Samut Songkhram Province using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The participants had a good level of knowledge about e-cigarettes. They exhibited a positive attitude towards electronic cigarettes regarding health aspects (M=3.05, SD=0.97) and a positive attitude towards the legal dimensions of e-cigarettes (M=3.12, SD=0.80). However, no statistically significant correlation was found between the perception of e-cigarettes and health-related attitudes toward them (r=0.013, p=0.820). On the other hand, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the perception of e-cigarettes and legally oriented attitudes (r=0.192, p<0.001). Furthermore, a borderline positive correlation emerged between the perception of electronic cigarettes and the general attitudes toward them (r=0.102, p=0.065). Conclusion: Young adults in rural Thailand have a good knowledge of e-cigarettes. However, they exhibit positive attitudes towards the health aspects and legal dimensions of e-cigarettes. Moreover, no significant relationship exists between perceptions and health-related attitudes. These insights emphasize the need for targeted strategies to address misperceptions and raise awareness about the health risks of e-cigarette use among rural youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Individuals with psychiatric disorders are found to struggle with emotion regulation, which is considered a transdiagnostic factor. However, due to a limitation in the assessment of emotion regulation in Thailand, this study aimed to translate the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) into Thai (DERS-Thai) and evaluate its psychometric properties. Materials and Methods: The DERS-Thai was initially translated by one of the researchers before being re-reviewed. A pre-testing phase was then conducted to preliminarily evaluate the psychometric properties of the DERS-Thai. Subsequently, the testing phase involved 446 participants who completed an online questionnaire platform containing demographic data, DERS-Thai, the Emotion Regulation Scale (ERQ), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21). The factor structure was then evaluated, along with its concurrent and criterion validity, as well as its internal consistency. Results: DERS-Thai demonstrated acceptable content validity (I-CVI = 0.8 to 1.0, S-CVI/Ave = 0.85). In the testing phase with 446 participants (mean age = 29.19, SD = 8.50), predominantly female (81.8%), and mostly residing in central Thailand (81.31%), the original model did not fit well. After modification, fit indices were improved. DERS-Thai showed a negative correlation with ERQ and a moderate to strong correlation with DASS-21. Known-group analysis revealed significant differences in DERS-Thai scores between DASS-21 groups (p-value < 0.001). The scale exhibited excellent internal consistency (α = 0.94, ω = 0.96). Conclusion: The DERS-Thai has demonstrated appropriate psychometric properties for assessing emotion regulation skills in individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]