Author: "Teuschl Y." - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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102 results on '"Teuschl Y."'

1. Burden of Stroke in Europe: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study Findings from 2010 to 2019

Author: Prendes, C, Rantner, B, Hamwi, T, Stana, J, Feigin, V, Stavroulakis, K, Tsilimparis, N, Fernandez Prendes, C, Aboyans, P, Olusola Akinyemi, R, Al-Shahi Salman, R, Artamonov, A, Aujayeb, A, Baldereschi, M, Basu, S, Bejot, Y, Belo, L, Bennett, D, Srikanth Bhagavathula, A, Bikbov, B, Brenner, H, Dos Santos, F, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Catapano, A, Charalampous, P, Christensen, H, Chung, S, Angelo Cortesi, P, Marisa Costa, V, Cyganska, M, D'Amico, E, Davletov, K, Georgieva Dokova, K, Douiri, A, Francis Fagbamigbe, A, Fischer, F, Ghith, N, Giampaoli, S, Singh Gill, P, Gnedovskaya, E, Havmoeller, R, Hostiuc, S, Iavicoli, I, Ilic, M, Isola, G, Jerzy Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kayode, G, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Kisa, A, Kivimaki, M, Koyanagi, A, Kulimbet, M, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lallukka, T, Lorkowski, S, Majeed, P, Giovanni Mantovani, L, Mazzaglia, G, Mentis, A, Meretoja, A, Miao Jonasson, J, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mohammed, S, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Mons, U, Morze, J, Irina Negoi, R, Norrving, B, Oancea, B, O'Caoimh, R, Orru, H, Padron-Monedero, A, Pedersini, P, Perico, N, Polibin, R, Polinder, S, Raggi, A, Rawaf, S, Remuzzi, G, Romoli, M, Sacco, P, Reza Saeb, P, Vasco Santos, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Aleksandrovna Skryabina, A, Smith, L, Starodubova, A, Stevanovic, A, Stranges, P, Teuschl, Y, Topor-Madry, R, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Unim, B, Juhani Vasankari, T, Volovici, V, Wafa, H, Wang, Y, Westerman, R, Wolfe, P, Yesiltepe, M, Zanghi, A, Sergeevich Zastrozhin, M, Prendes C. F., Rantner B., Hamwi T., Stana J., Feigin V. L., Stavroulakis K., Tsilimparis N., Fernandez Prendes C., Aboyans P. V., Olusola Akinyemi R., Al-Shahi Salman R., Artamonov A. A., Aujayeb A., Baldereschi M., Basu S., Bejot Y., Belo L., Bennett D. A., Srikanth Bhagavathula A., Bikbov B., Brenner H., Dos Santos F., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Catapano A. L., Charalampous P., Christensen H., Chung S. -C., Angelo Cortesi P., Marisa Costa V., Cyganska M., D'Amico E., Davletov K., Georgieva Dokova K., Douiri A., Francis Fagbamigbe A., Fischer F., Ghith N., Giampaoli S., Singh Gill P., Gnedovskaya E. V., Havmoeller R. J., Hostiuc S., Iavicoli I., Ilic M. D., Isola G., Jerzy Jozwiak J., Jurisson M., Kayode G. A., Khan M. A. B., Khatab K., Kisa A., Kivimaki M., Koyanagi A., Kulimbet M., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lallukka T., Lorkowski S., Majeed P. A., Giovanni Mantovani L., Mazzaglia G., Mentis A. -F. A., Meretoja A., Miao Jonasson J., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mohammed S., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Mons U., Morze J., Irina Negoi R., Norrving B., Oancea B., O'Caoimh R., Orru H., Padron-Monedero A., Pedersini P., Perico N., Polibin R. V., Polinder S., Raggi A., Rawaf S., Remuzzi G., Romoli M., Sacco P. S., Reza Saeb P. M., Vasco Santos J., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Aleksandrovna Skryabina A., Smith L., Starodubova A. V., Stevanovic A., Stranges P. S., Teuschl Y., Topor-Madry R., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Unim B., Juhani Vasankari T., Volovici V., Wafa H. A., Wang Y., Westerman R., Wolfe P. C. D. A., Yesiltepe M., Zanghi A., Sergeevich Zastrozhin M., Prendes, C, Rantner, B, Hamwi, T, Stana, J, Feigin, V, Stavroulakis, K, Tsilimparis, N, Fernandez Prendes, C, Aboyans, P, Olusola Akinyemi, R, Al-Shahi Salman, R, Artamonov, A, Aujayeb, A, Baldereschi, M, Basu, S, Bejot, Y, Belo, L, Bennett, D, Srikanth Bhagavathula, A, Bikbov, B, Brenner, H, Dos Santos, F, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Catapano, A, Charalampous, P, Christensen, H, Chung, S, Angelo Cortesi, P, Marisa Costa, V, Cyganska, M, D'Amico, E, Davletov, K, Georgieva Dokova, K, Douiri, A, Francis Fagbamigbe, A, Fischer, F, Ghith, N, Giampaoli, S, Singh Gill, P, Gnedovskaya, E, Havmoeller, R, Hostiuc, S, Iavicoli, I, Ilic, M, Isola, G, Jerzy Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kayode, G, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Kisa, A, Kivimaki, M, Koyanagi, A, Kulimbet, M, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lallukka, T, Lorkowski, S, Majeed, P, Giovanni Mantovani, L, Mazzaglia, G, Mentis, A, Meretoja, A, Miao Jonasson, J, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mohammed, S, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Mons, U, Morze, J, Irina Negoi, R, Norrving, B, Oancea, B, O'Caoimh, R, Orru, H, Padron-Monedero, A, Pedersini, P, Perico, N, Polibin, R, Polinder, S, Raggi, A, Rawaf, S, Remuzzi, G, Romoli, M, Sacco, P, Reza Saeb, P, Vasco Santos, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Aleksandrovna Skryabina, A, Smith, L, Starodubova, A, Stevanovic, A, Stranges, P, Teuschl, Y, Topor-Madry, R, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Unim, B, Juhani Vasankari, T, Volovici, V, Wafa, H, Wang, Y, Westerman, R, Wolfe, P, Yesiltepe, M, Zanghi, A, Sergeevich Zastrozhin, M, Prendes C. F., Rantner B., Hamwi T., Stana J., Feigin V. L., Stavroulakis K., Tsilimparis N., Fernandez Prendes C., Aboyans P. V., Olusola Akinyemi R., Al-Shahi Salman R., Artamonov A. A., Aujayeb A., Baldereschi M., Basu S., Bejot Y., Belo L., Bennett D. A., Srikanth Bhagavathula A., Bikbov B., Brenner H., Dos Santos F., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Catapano A. L., Charalampous P., Christensen H., Chung S. -C., Angelo Cortesi P., Marisa Costa V., Cyganska M., D'Amico E., Davletov K., Georgieva Dokova K., Douiri A., Francis Fagbamigbe A., Fischer F., Ghith N., Giampaoli S., Singh Gill P., Gnedovskaya E. V., Havmoeller R. J., Hostiuc S., Iavicoli I., Ilic M. D., Isola G., Jerzy Jozwiak J., Jurisson M., Kayode G. A., Khan M. A. B., Khatab K., Kisa A., Kivimaki M., Koyanagi A., Kulimbet M., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lallukka T., Lorkowski S., Majeed P. A., Giovanni Mantovani L., Mazzaglia G., Mentis A. -F. A., Meretoja A., Miao Jonasson J., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mohammed S., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Mons U., Morze J., Irina Negoi R., Norrving B., Oancea B., O'Caoimh R., Orru H., Padron-Monedero A., Pedersini P., Perico N., Polibin R. V., Polinder S., Raggi A., Rawaf S., Remuzzi G., Romoli M., Sacco P. S., Reza Saeb P. M., Vasco Santos J., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Aleksandrovna Skryabina A., Smith L., Starodubova A. V., Stevanovic A., Stranges P. S., Teuschl Y., Topor-Madry R., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Unim B., Juhani Vasankari T., Volovici V., Wafa H. A., Wang Y., Westerman R., Wolfe P. C. D. A., Yesiltepe M., Zanghi A., and Sergeevich Zastrozhin M.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: While most European Regions perform well in global comparisons, large discrepancies within stroke epidemiological parameters exist across Europe. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the stroke burden across European regions and countries in 2019 and its difference to 2010. METHODS: The GBD 2019 analytical tools were used to evaluate regional and country-specific estimates of incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years of stroke for the European Region as defined by the World Health Organization, with its 53 member countries (EU-53) and for European Union as defined in 2019, with its 28 member countries (EU-28), between 2010 and 2019. Results were analyzed at a regional, subregional, and country level. RESULTS: In EU-53, the absolute number of incident and prevalent strokes increased by 2% (uncertainty interval [UI], 0%-4%), from 1 767 280 to 1 802 559 new cases, and by 4% (UI, 3%-5%) between 2010 and 2019, respectively. In EU-28, the absolute number of prevalent strokes and stroke-related deaths increased by 4% (UI, 2%-5%) and by 6% (UI, 1%-10%), respectively. All-stroke age-standardized mortality rates, however, decreased by 18% (UI, -22% to -14%), from 82 to 67 per 100 000 people in the EU-53, and by 15% (UI, -18% to -11%), from 49.3 to 42.0 per 100 000 people in EU-28. Despite most countries presenting reductions in age-adjusted incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year rates, these rates remained 1.4×, 1.2×, 1.6×, and 1.7× higher in EU-53 in comparison to the EU-28. CONCLUSIONS: EU-53 showed a 2% increase in incident strokes, while they remained stable in EU-28. Age-standardized rates were consistently lower for all-stroke burden parameters in EU-28 in comparison to EU-53, and huge discrepancies in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-year rates were observed between individual countries.
Published: 2024

2. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Feigin, V, Stark, B, Johnson, C, Roth, G, Bisignano, C, Abady, G, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abedi, V, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, O, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Salih, Y, Aji, B, Akbarpour, S, Akinyemi, R, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alif, S, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Salman, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, J, Ansar, A, Antonazzo, I, Arabloo, J, Arnlov, J, Artanti, K, Aryan, Z, Asgari, S, Ashraf, T, Athar, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Baig, A, Baltatu, O, Banach, M, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Barone, M, Basu, S, Bazmandegan, G, Beghi, E, Beheshti, M, Bejot, Y, Bell, A, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Bezabhe, W, Bezabih, Y, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, M, Boloor, A, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brenner, H, Bryazka, D, Butt, Z, Dos Santos, F, Campos-Nonato, I, Cantu-Brito, C, Carrero, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Catapano, A, Chakraborty, P, Charan, J, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, E, Chu, D, Chung, S, Colozza, D, Costa, V, Costanzo, S, Criqui, M, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dalal, K, Damasceno, A, D'Amico, E, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Gela, J, Davletov, K, De La Cruz-Gongora, V, Desai, R, Dhamnetiya, D, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dichgans, M, Dokova, K, Doshi, R, Douiri, A, Duncan, B, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, I, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Endres, M, Endries, A, Erku, D, Faraon, E, Farooque, U, Farzadfar, F, Feroze, A, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Gad, M, Gaidhane, S, Gheshlagh, R, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Ghozali, G, Ghozy, S, Gialluisi, A, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, S, Gill, P, Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Goulart, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, V, Gyanwali, P, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Hankey, G, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, T, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Hegazy, M, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hwang, B, Iacoviello, L, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Ismail, N, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Jacob, L, Jain, V, Jang, S, Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, R, Johnson, W, Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kalkonde, Y, Kamath, A, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Karch, A, Katoto, P, Kayode, G, Keshavarz, P, Khader, Y, Khan, E, Khan, I, Khan, M, Khatib, M, Khubchandani, J, Kim, G, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimaki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamurthi, R, Kumar, G, Kusuma, D, Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lak, H, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lavados, P, Leonardi, M, Li, B, Li, S, Lin, H, Lin, R, Liu, X, Lo, W, Lorkowski, S, Lucchetti, G, Saute, R, Abd El Razek, H, Magnani, F, Mahajan, P, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martini, S, Mazzaglia, G, Mehndiratta, M, Menezes, R, Meretoja, A, Mersha, A, Jonasson, J, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Mirrakhimov, E, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Moni, M, Al Montasir, A, Moradzadeh, R, Morawska, L, Morze, J, Muruet, W, Musa, K, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Swamy, S, Nascimento, B, Negoi, R, Kandel, S, Nguyen, T, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nwatah, V, Oancea, B, Odukoya, O, Olagunju, A, Orru, H, Owolabi, M, Padubidri, J, Pana, A, Parekh, T, Park, E, Kan, F, Pathak, M, Peres, M, Perianayagam, A, Pham, T, Piradov, M, Podder, V, Polinder, S, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rajai, N, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reitsma, M, Renjith, V, Renzaho, A, Rezapour, A, Rodriguez, J, Roever, L, Romoli, M, Rynkiewicz, A, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Moghaddam, S, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salah, R, Samaei, M, Samy, A, Santos, I, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Schiavolin, S, Schlaich, M, Schmidt, M, Schutte, A, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shannawaz, M, Shawon, M, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shibuya, K, Siabani, S, Silva, D, Singh, J, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sobaih, B, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Tadesse, E, Tarigan, I, Temsah, M, Teuschl, Y, Thrift, A, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Tripathi, M, Tsegaye, G, Ullah, A, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Vakilian, A, Tahbaz, S, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Vervoort, D, Vo, B, Volovici, V, Vosoughi, K, Vu, G, Vu, L, Wafa, H, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wijeratne, T, Winkler, A, Wolfe, C, Woodward, M, Wu, J, Hanson, S, Xu, X, Yadav, L, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yatsuya, H, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaman, M, Zaman, S, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zuniga, Y, Murray, C, Feigin V. L., Stark B. A., Johnson C. O., Roth G. A., Bisignano C., Abady G. G., Abbasifard M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abd-Allah F., Abedi V., Abualhasan A., Abu-Rmeileh N. M. E., Abushouk A. I., Adebayo O. M., Agarwal G., Agasthi P., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmadi S., Salih Y. A., Aji B., Akbarpour S., Akinyemi R. O., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Alif S. M., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Salman R. A. -S., Alvis-Guzman N., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Anderson J. A., Ansar A., Antonazzo I. C., Arabloo J., Arnlov J., Artanti K. D., Aryan Z., Asgari S., Ashraf T., Athar M., Atreya A., Ausloos M., Baig A. A., Baltatu O. C., Banach M., Barboza M. A., Barker-Collo S. L., Barnighausen T. W., Barone M. T. U., Basu S., Bazmandegan G., Beghi E., Beheshti M., Bejot Y., Bell A. W., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Bezabhe W. M., Bezabih Y. M., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birhanu M. M., Boloor A., Bonny A., Brauer M., Brenner H., Bryazka D., Butt Z. A., Dos Santos F. L. C., Campos-Nonato I. R., Cantu-Brito C., Carrero J. J., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Catapano A. L., Chakraborty P. A., Charan J., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury E. K., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Colozza D., Costa V. M., Costanzo S., Criqui M. H., Dadras O., Dagnew B., Dai X., Dalal K., Damasceno A. A. M., D'Amico E., Dandona L., Dandona R., Gela J. D., Davletov K., De La Cruz-Gongora V., Desai R., Dhamnetiya D., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Diaz D., Dichgans M., Dokova K., Doshi R., Douiri A., Duncan B. B., Eftekharzadeh S., Ekholuenetale M., El Nahas N., Elgendy I. Y., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S. I., Endres M., Endries A. Y., Erku D. A., Faraon E. J. A., Farooque U., Farzadfar F., Feroze A. H., Filip I., Fischer F., Flood D., Gad M. M., Gaidhane S., Gheshlagh R. G., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Ghozali G., Ghozy S., Gialluisi A., Giampaoli S., Gilani S. A., Gill P. S., Gnedovskaya E. V., Golechha M., Goulart A. C., Guo Y., Gupta R., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Gyanwali P., Hafezi-Nejad N., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Hankey G. J., Hargono A., Hashi A., Hassan T. S., Hassen H. Y., Havmoeller R. J., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Hegazy M. I., Herteliu C., Holla R., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Huang J., Humayun A., Hwang B. -F., Iacoviello L., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Iqbal U., Irvani S. S. N., Islam S. M. S., Ismail N. E., Iso H., Isola G., Iwagami M., Jacob L., Jain V., Jang S. -I., Jayapal S. K., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jeemon P., Jha R. P., Johnson W. D., Jonas J. B., Joseph N., Jozwiak J. J., Jurisson M., Kalani R., Kalhor R., Kalkonde Y., Kamath A., Kamiab Z., Kanchan T., Kandel H., Karch A., Katoto P. D. M. C., Kayode G. A., Keshavarz P., Khader Y. S., Khan E. A., Khan I. A., Khan M., Khan M. A. B., Khatib M. N., Khubchandani J., Kim G. R., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kivimaki M., Kolte D., Koolivand A., Laxminarayana S. L. K., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Krishnamurthi R. V., Kumar G. A., Kusuma D., Vecchia C. L., Lacey B., Lak H. M., Lallukka T., Lasrado S., Lavados P. M., Leonardi M., Li B., Li S., Lin H., Lin R. -T., Liu X., Lo W. D., Lorkowski S., Lucchetti G., Saute R. L., Abd El Razek H. M., Magnani F. G., Mahajan P. B., Majeed A., Makki A., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Manafi N., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Martini S., Mazzaglia G., Mehndiratta M. M., Menezes R. G., Meretoja A., Mersha A. G., Jonasson J. M., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mohammad Y., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A. H., Mokhayeri Y., Molokhia M., Moni M. A., Al Montasir A., Moradzadeh R., Morawska L., Morze J., Muruet W., Musa K. I., Nagarajan A. J., Naghavi M., Swamy S. N., Nascimento B. R., Negoi R. I., Kandel S. N., Nguyen T. H., Norrving B., Noubiap J. J., Nwatah V. E., Oancea B., Odukoya O. O., Olagunju A. T., Orru H., Owolabi M. O., Padubidri J. R., Pana A., Parekh T., Park E. -C., Kan F. P., Pathak M., Peres M. F. P., Perianayagam A., Pham T. -M., Piradov M. A., Podder V., Polinder S., Postma M. J., Pourshams A., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Raggi A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rajai N., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rathi P., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reitsma M. B., Renjith V., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezapour A., Rodriguez J. A. B., Roever L., Romoli M., Rynkiewicz A., Sacco S., Sadeghi M., Moghaddam S. S., Sahebkar A., Saif-Ur-Rahman K. M., Salah R., Samaei M., Samy A. M., Santos I. S., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarrafzadegan N., Sathian B., Sattin D., Schiavolin S., Schlaich M. P., Schmidt M. I., Schutte A. E., Sepanlou S. G., Seylani A., Sha F., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shannawaz M., Shawon Md. S. R., Sheikh A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shibuya K., Siabani S., Silva D. A. S., Singh J. A., Singh J. K., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sobaih B. H., Stortecky S., Stranges S., Tadesse E. G., Tarigan I. U., Temsah M. -H., Teuschl Y., Thrift A. G., Tonelli M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tran B. X., Tripathi M., Tsegaye G. W., Ullah A., Unim B., Unnikrishnan B., Vakilian A., Tahbaz S. V., Vasankari T. J., Venketasubramanian N., Vervoort D., Vo B., Volovici V., Vosoughi K., Vu G. T., Vu L. G., Wafa H. A., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wijeratne T., Winkler A. S., Wolfe C. D. A., Woodward M., Wu J. H., Hanson S. W., Xu X., Yadav L., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S. H. Y., Yamagishi K., Yatsuya H., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zaman M. S., Zaman S. B., Zamanian M., Zand R., Zandifar A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhong C., Zuniga Y. M. H., Murray C. J. 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L., Stark B. A., Johnson C. O., Roth G. A., Bisignano C., Abady G. G., Abbasifard M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abd-Allah F., Abedi V., Abualhasan A., Abu-Rmeileh N. M. E., Abushouk A. I., Adebayo O. M., Agarwal G., Agasthi P., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmadi S., Salih Y. A., Aji B., Akbarpour S., Akinyemi R. O., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Alif S. M., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Salman R. A. -S., Alvis-Guzman N., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Anderson J. A., Ansar A., Antonazzo I. C., Arabloo J., Arnlov J., Artanti K. D., Aryan Z., Asgari S., Ashraf T., Athar M., Atreya A., Ausloos M., Baig A. A., Baltatu O. C., Banach M., Barboza M. A., Barker-Collo S. L., Barnighausen T. W., Barone M. T. U., Basu S., Bazmandegan G., Beghi E., Beheshti M., Bejot Y., Bell A. W., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Bezabhe W. M., Bezabih Y. M., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birhanu M. M., Boloor A., Bonny A., Brauer M., Brenner H., Bryazka D., Butt Z. A., Dos Santos F. L. C., Campos-Nonato I. R., Cantu-Brito C., Carrero J. J., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Catapano A. L., Chakraborty P. A., Charan J., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury E. K., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Colozza D., Costa V. M., Costanzo S., Criqui M. H., Dadras O., Dagnew B., Dai X., Dalal K., Damasceno A. A. M., D'Amico E., Dandona L., Dandona R., Gela J. D., Davletov K., De La Cruz-Gongora V., Desai R., Dhamnetiya D., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Diaz D., Dichgans M., Dokova K., Doshi R., Douiri A., Duncan B. B., Eftekharzadeh S., Ekholuenetale M., El Nahas N., Elgendy I. Y., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S. I., Endres M., Endries A. Y., Erku D. A., Faraon E. J. A., Farooque U., Farzadfar F., Feroze A. H., Filip I., Fischer F., Flood D., Gad M. M., Gaidhane S., Gheshlagh R. G., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Ghozali G., Ghozy S., Gialluisi A., Giampaoli S., Gilani S. A., Gill P. S., Gnedovskaya E. V., Golechha M., Goulart A. C., Guo Y., Gupta R., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Gyanwali P., Hafezi-Nejad N., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Hankey G. J., Hargono A., Hashi A., Hassan T. S., Hassen H. Y., Havmoeller R. J., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Hegazy M. I., Herteliu C., Holla R., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Huang J., Humayun A., Hwang B. -F., Iacoviello L., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Iqbal U., Irvani S. S. N., Islam S. M. S., Ismail N. E., Iso H., Isola G., Iwagami M., Jacob L., Jain V., Jang S. -I., Jayapal S. K., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jeemon P., Jha R. P., Johnson W. D., Jonas J. B., Joseph N., Jozwiak J. J., Jurisson M., Kalani R., Kalhor R., Kalkonde Y., Kamath A., Kamiab Z., Kanchan T., Kandel H., Karch A., Katoto P. D. M. C., Kayode G. A., Keshavarz P., Khader Y. S., Khan E. A., Khan I. A., Khan M., Khan M. A. B., Khatib M. N., Khubchandani J., Kim G. R., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kivimaki M., Kolte D., Koolivand A., Laxminarayana S. L. K., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Krishnamurthi R. V., Kumar G. A., Kusuma D., Vecchia C. L., Lacey B., Lak H. M., Lallukka T., Lasrado S., Lavados P. M., Leonardi M., Li B., Li S., Lin H., Lin R. -T., Liu X., Lo W. D., Lorkowski S., Lucchetti G., Saute R. L., Abd El Razek H. M., Magnani F. G., Mahajan P. B., Majeed A., Makki A., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Manafi N., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Martini S., Mazzaglia G., Mehndiratta M. M., Menezes R. G., Meretoja A., Mersha A. G., Jonasson J. M., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mohammad Y., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A. H., Mokhayeri Y., Molokhia M., Moni M. A., Al Montasir A., Moradzadeh R., Morawska L., Morze J., Muruet W., Musa K. I., Nagarajan A. J., Naghavi M., Swamy S. N., Nascimento B. R., Negoi R. I., Kandel S. N., Nguyen T. H., Norrving B., Noubiap J. J., Nwatah V. E., Oancea B., Odukoya O. O., Olagunju A. T., Orru H., Owolabi M. O., Padubidri J. R., Pana A., Parekh T., Park E. -C., Kan F. P., Pathak M., Peres M. F. P., Perianayagam A., Pham T. -M., Piradov M. A., Podder V., Polinder S., Postma M. J., Pourshams A., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Raggi A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rajai N., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rathi P., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reitsma M. B., Renjith V., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezapour A., Rodriguez J. A. B., Roever L., Romoli M., Rynkiewicz A., Sacco S., Sadeghi M., Moghaddam S. S., Sahebkar A., Saif-Ur-Rahman K. M., Salah R., Samaei M., Samy A. M., Santos I. S., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarrafzadegan N., Sathian B., Sattin D., Schiavolin S., Schlaich M. P., Schmidt M. I., Schutte A. E., Sepanlou S. G., Seylani A., Sha F., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shannawaz M., Shawon Md. S. R., Sheikh A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shibuya K., Siabani S., Silva D. A. S., Singh J. A., Singh J. K., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sobaih B. H., Stortecky S., Stranges S., Tadesse E. G., Tarigan I. U., Temsah M. -H., Teuschl Y., Thrift A. G., Tonelli M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tran B. X., Tripathi M., Tsegaye G. W., Ullah A., Unim B., Unnikrishnan B., Vakilian A., Tahbaz S. V., Vasankari T. J., Venketasubramanian N., Vervoort D., Vo B., Volovici V., Vosoughi K., Vu G. T., Vu L. G., Wafa H. A., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wijeratne T., Winkler A. S., Wolfe C. D. A., Woodward M., Wu J. H., Hanson S. W., Xu X., Yadav L., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S. H. Y., Yamagishi K., Yatsuya H., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zaman M. S., Zaman S. B., Zamanian M., Zand R., Zandifar A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhong C., Zuniga Y. M. H., and Murray C. J. L.
Abstract: Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12·2 million (95% UI 11·0–13·6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93·2–111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133–153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6·55 million (6·00–7·02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11·6% [10·8–12·2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5·7% [5·1–6·2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70·0% (67·0–73·0), prevalent strokes increased by 85·0% (83·0–88·0), deaths from stroke increased by 43·0% (31·0–55·0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32·0% (22·0–42·0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17·0% (15·0–18·0), mortality decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0), prevalence decreased by 6·0% (5·0–7·0), and DALYs decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22·0% (21·0–24·0) and incidence rates
Published: 2021

3. Post-stroke cognitive decline: an update and perspectives for clinical research

Author: Brainin, M., Tuomilehto, J., Heiss, W.-D., Bornstein, N. M., Bath, P. M. W., Teuschl, Y., Richard, E., Guekht, A., and Quinn, T.
Published: 2015
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4. European Stroke Organisation and European Academy of Neurology joint guidelines on post-stroke cognitive impairment

Author: Quinn, T.J., Richard, E., Teuschl, Y., Gattringer, T., Hafdi, M., O'Brien, J.T., Merriman, N., Gillebert, C., Huyglier, H., Verdelho, A., Schmidt, R., Ghaziani, E., Forchammer, H., Pendlebury, S.T., Bruffaerts, R., Mijajlovic, M., Drozdowska, B.A., Ball, E., Markus, H.S., Quinn, T.J., Richard, E., Teuschl, Y., Gattringer, T., Hafdi, M., O'Brien, J.T., Merriman, N., Gillebert, C., Huyglier, H., Verdelho, A., Schmidt, R., Ghaziani, E., Forchammer, H., Pendlebury, S.T., Bruffaerts, R., Mijajlovic, M., Drozdowska, B.A., Ball, E., and Markus, H.S.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 244230.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), The optimal management of post-stroke cognitive impairment remains controversial. These joint European Stroke Organisation (ESO) and European Academy of Neurology (EAN) guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations to assist clinicians in decision making around prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. These guidelines were developed according to ESO standard operating procedure and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The working group identified relevant clinical questions, performed systematic reviews and, where possible, meta-analyses of the literature, assessed the quality of the available evidence and made specific recommendations. Expert consensus statements were provided where insufficient evidence was available to provide recommendations based on the GRADE approach. There was limited randomised controlled trial evidence regarding single or multicomponent interventions to prevent post-stroke cognitive decline. Interventions to improve lifestyle and treat vascular risk factors may have many health benefits but a beneficial effect on cognition is not proven. We found no evidence around routine cognitive screening following stroke but recognise the importance of targeted cognitive assessment. We described the accuracy of various cognitive screening tests but found no clearly superior approach to testing. There was insufficient evidence to make a recommendation for use of cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine nootropics or cognitive rehabilitation. There was limited evidence on the use of prediction tools for post-stroke cognitive syndromes (cognitive impairment, dementia and delirium). The association between post-stroke cognitive impairment and most acute structural brain imaging features was unclear, although the presence of substantial white matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin on acute MRI brain may help predict cognitive outcomes. These guidelines have highlighted fundamental ar
Published: 2021

5. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Feigin, VL, Stark, BA, Johnson, CO, Roth, GA, Bisignano, C, Abady, GG, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abedi, V, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, OM, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Salih, YA, Aji, B, Akbarpour, S, Akinyemi, RO, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Salman, RA-S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, JA, Ansar, A, Antonazzo, IC, Arabloo, J, Arnlov, J, Artanti, KD, Aryan, Z, Asgari, S, Ashraf, T, Athar, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Baig, AA, Baltatu, OC, Banach, M, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barone, MTU, Basu, S, Bazmandegan, G, Beghi, E, Beheshti, M, Bejot, Y, Bell, AW, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Bezabhe, WM, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Boloor, A, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brenner, H, Bryazka, D, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cantu-Brito, C, Carrero, JJ, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Catapano, AL, Chakraborty, PA, Charan, J, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, EK, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Colozza, D, Costa, VM, Costanzo, S, Criqui, MH, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dalal, K, Damasceno, AAM, D'Amico, E, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, De La Cruz-Gongora, V, Desai, R, Dhamnetiya, D, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, ML, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dichgans, M, Dokova, K, Doshi, R, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, IY, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Endres, M, Endries, AY, Erku, DA, Faraon, EJA, Farooque, U, Farzadfar, F, Feroze, AH, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, S, Gheshlagh, RG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Ghozali, G, Ghozy, S, Gialluisi, A, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, SA, Gill, PS, Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Goulart, AC, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Gyanwali, P, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, TS, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Hegazy, M, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hwang, B-F, Iacoviello, L, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Ismail, NE, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Jacob, L, Jain, V, Jang, S-I, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Johnson, WD, Jonas, JB, Joseph, N, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kalkonde, Y, Kamath, A, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Karch, A, Katoto, PDMC, Kayode, GA, Keshavarz, P, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khan, IA, Khan, M, Khan, MAB, Khatib, MN, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimaki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamurthi, R, Kumar, GA, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lak, HM, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lavados, PM, Leonardi, M, Li, B, Li, S, Lin, H, Lin, R-T, Liu, X, Lo, WD, Lorkowski, S, Lucchetti, G, Saute, RL, Razek, HMAE, Magnani, FG, Mahajan, PB, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martini, S, Mazzaglia, G, Mehndiratta, MM, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Mersha, AG, Jonasson, JM, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Moni, MA, Al Montasir, A, Moradzadeh, R, Morawska, L, Morze, J, Muruet, W, Musa, KI, Nagarajan, AJ, Naghavi, M, Swamy, SN, Nascimento, BR, Negoi, RI, Kandel, SN, Trang, HN, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nwatah, VE, Oancea, B, Odukoya, OO, Olagunju, AT, Orru, H, Owolabi, MO, Padubidri, JR, Pana, A, Parekh, T, Park, E-C, Kan, FP, Pathak, M, Peres, MFP, Perianayagam, A, Truong-Minh, P, Piradov, MA, Podder, V, Polinder, S, Postma, MJ, Pourshams, A, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MA, Rahmani, AM, Rajai, N, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reitsma, MB, Renjith, V, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Rodriguez, JAB, Roever, L, Romoli, M, Rynkiewicz, A, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Moghaddam, SS, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salah, R, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Schiavolin, S, Schlaich, MP, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, MA, Shannawaz, M, Shawon, MSR, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shibuya, K, Siabani, S, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Singh, JK, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sobaih, BH, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Tadesse, EG, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Teuschl, Y, Thrift, AG, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Tripathi, M, Tsegaye, GW, Ullah, A, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Vakilian, A, Tahbaz, SV, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Vervoort, D, Vo, B, Volovici, V, Vosoughi, K, Giang, TV, Linh, GV, Wafa, HA, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wijeratne, T, Winkler, AS, Wolfe, CDA, Woodward, M, Wu, JH, Hanson, SW, Xu, X, Yadav, L, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, SHY, Yamagishi, K, Yatsuya, H, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaman, MS, Bin Zaman, S, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, Murray, CJL, Feigin, VL, Stark, BA, Johnson, CO, Roth, GA, Bisignano, C, Abady, GG, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abedi, V, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, OM, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Salih, YA, Aji, B, Akbarpour, S, Akinyemi, RO, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Salman, RA-S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, JA, Ansar, A, Antonazzo, IC, Arabloo, J, Arnlov, J, Artanti, KD, Aryan, Z, Asgari, S, Ashraf, T, Athar, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Baig, AA, Baltatu, OC, Banach, M, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barone, MTU, Basu, S, Bazmandegan, G, Beghi, E, Beheshti, M, Bejot, Y, Bell, AW, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Bezabhe, WM, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Boloor, A, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brenner, H, Bryazka, D, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cantu-Brito, C, Carrero, JJ, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Catapano, AL, Chakraborty, PA, Charan, J, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, EK, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Colozza, D, Costa, VM, Costanzo, S, Criqui, MH, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dalal, K, Damasceno, AAM, D'Amico, E, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, De La Cruz-Gongora, V, Desai, R, Dhamnetiya, D, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, ML, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dichgans, M, Dokova, K, Doshi, R, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, IY, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Endres, M, Endries, AY, Erku, DA, Faraon, EJA, Farooque, U, Farzadfar, F, Feroze, AH, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, S, Gheshlagh, RG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Ghozali, G, Ghozy, S, Gialluisi, A, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, SA, Gill, PS, Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Goulart, AC, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Gyanwali, P, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, TS, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Hegazy, M, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hwang, B-F, Iacoviello, L, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Ismail, NE, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Jacob, L, Jain, V, Jang, S-I, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Johnson, WD, Jonas, JB, Joseph, N, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kalkonde, Y, Kamath, A, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Karch, A, Katoto, PDMC, Kayode, GA, Keshavarz, P, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khan, IA, Khan, M, Khan, MAB, Khatib, MN, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimaki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamurthi, R, Kumar, GA, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lak, HM, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lavados, PM, Leonardi, M, Li, B, Li, S, Lin, H, Lin, R-T, Liu, X, Lo, WD, Lorkowski, S, Lucchetti, G, Saute, RL, Razek, HMAE, Magnani, FG, Mahajan, PB, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martini, S, Mazzaglia, G, Mehndiratta, MM, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Mersha, AG, Jonasson, JM, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Moni, MA, Al Montasir, A, Moradzadeh, R, Morawska, L, Morze, J, Muruet, W, Musa, KI, Nagarajan, AJ, Naghavi, M, Swamy, SN, Nascimento, BR, Negoi, RI, Kandel, SN, Trang, HN, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nwatah, VE, Oancea, B, Odukoya, OO, Olagunju, AT, Orru, H, Owolabi, MO, Padubidri, JR, Pana, A, Parekh, T, Park, E-C, Kan, FP, Pathak, M, Peres, MFP, Perianayagam, A, Truong-Minh, P, Piradov, MA, Podder, V, Polinder, S, Postma, MJ, Pourshams, A, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MA, Rahmani, AM, Rajai, N, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reitsma, MB, Renjith, V, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Rodriguez, JAB, Roever, L, Romoli, M, Rynkiewicz, A, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Moghaddam, SS, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salah, R, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Schiavolin, S, Schlaich, MP, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, MA, Shannawaz, M, Shawon, MSR, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shibuya, K, Siabani, S, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Singh, JK, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sobaih, BH, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Tadesse, EG, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Teuschl, Y, Thrift, AG, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Tripathi, M, Tsegaye, GW, Ullah, A, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Vakilian, A, Tahbaz, SV, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Vervoort, D, Vo, B, Volovici, V, Vosoughi, K, Giang, TV, Linh, GV, Wafa, HA, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wijeratne, T, Winkler, AS, Wolfe, CDA, Woodward, M, Wu, JH, Hanson, SW, Xu, X, Yadav, L, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, SHY, Yamagishi, K, Yatsuya, H, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaman, MS, Bin Zaman, S, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, and Murray, CJL
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. METHODS: We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. FINDINGS: In 2019, there were 12·2 million (95% UI 11·0-13·6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93·2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6·55 million (6·00-7·02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11·6% [10·8-12·2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5·7% [5·1-6·2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70·0% (67·0-73·0), prevalent strokes increased by 85·0% (83·0-88·0), deaths from stroke increased by 43·0% (31·0-55·0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32·0% (22·0-42·0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17·0% (15·0-18·0), mortality decreased by 36·0% (31·0-42·0), prevalence decreased by 6·0% (5·0-7·0), and DALYs decreased by 36·0% (31·0-42·0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22·0% (21·0-24·0) and incidence rat
Published: 2021

6. Diabetes and thrombolysis for acute stroke: a clear benefit for diabetics

Author: Reiter, M., Teuschl, Y., Matz, K., Seyfang, L., and Brainin, M.
Published: 2014
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7. Prevention of post-stroke cognitive decline: a review focusing on lifestyle interventions

Author: Teuschl, Y., Matz, K., and Brainin, M.
Published: 2013
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8. Improving life for people with brain disease: medical and medico-technical possibilities enabling participation in life: Theme V. 2

Author: Brainin, M., Butler, A., Graziano, M., Müller, R., and Teuschl, Y.
Published: 2011

9. RISK FACTORS FOR POST STROKE PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS TREATED IN STROKE UNITS - AUSTRIAN STROKE UNIT REGISTRY: 10

Author: Matz, K., Seyfang, L., Eckhardt, R., Dachenhausen, A., Teuschl, Y., and Brainin, M.
Published: 2011

10. Transport times did not change between 2004 and 2009 but thrombolysis rates increased from 10 to 18%. Results from the Austrian National Acute Stroke-Unit Registry: SC323

Author: Brainin, M., Tatschl, C., Teuschl, Y., Seyfang, L., Matz, K., and Eckhardt, R.
Published: 2010

11. Early prevention of diabetes microvascular complications in people with hyperglycaemia in Europe. ePREDICE randomized trial. Study protocol, recruitment and selected baseline data

Author: Gabriel, R. Abdelkader, N.B. Acosta, T. Gilis-Januszewska, A. Gómez-Huelgas, R. Makrilakis, K. Kamenov, Z. Paulweber, B. Satman, I. Djordjevic, P. Alkandari, A. Mitrakou, A. Lalic, N. Colagiuri, S. Lindström, J. Egido, J. Natali, A. Pastor, J.C. Teuschl, Y. Lind, M. Silva, L. López-Ridaura, R. Tuomilehto, J.
Abstract: Objectives To assess the effects of early management of hyperglycaemia with antidiabetic drugs plus lifestyle intervention compared with lifestyle alone, on microvascular function in adults with pre-diabetes. Methods Trial design: International, multicenter, randomised, partially double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Participants Males and females aged 45-74 years with IFG, IGT or IFG+IGT, recruited from primary care centres in Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Kuwait, Poland, Serbia, Spain and Turkey. Intervention Participants were randomized to placebo; metformin 1.700 mg/day; linagliptin 5 mg/day or fixed-dose combination of linagliptin/metformin. All patients were enrolled in a lifestyle intervention program (diet and physical activity). Drug intervention will last 2 years. Primary Outcome: Composite end-point of diabetic retinopathy estimated by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Score, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, and skin conductance in feet estimated by the sudomotor index. Secondary outcomes in a subsample include insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, biomarkers of inflammation and fatty liver disease, quality of life, cognitive function, depressive symptoms and endothelial function. Results One thousand three hundred ninety one individuals with hyperglycaemia were assessed for eligibility, 424 excluded after screening, 967 allocated to placebo, metformin, linagliptin or to fixed-dose combination of metformin + linagliptin. A total of 809 people (91.1%) accepted and initiated the assigned treatment. Study sample after randomization was well balanced among the four groups. No statistical differences for the main risk factors analysed were observed between those accepting or rejecting treatment initiation. At baseline prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 4.2%, severe neuropathy 5.3% and nephropathy 5.7%. Conclusions ePREDICE is the first -randomized clinical trial with the aim to assess effects of different interventions (lifestyle and pharmacological) on microvascular function in people with prediabetes. The trial will provide novel data on lifestyle modification combined with glucose lowering drugs for the prevention of early microvascular complications and diabetes. © 2020 Gabriel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Published: 2020

12. STROKE UNIT REFERRALS VIA ANOTHER HOSPITAL REDUCE CHANCES FOR THROMBOLYSIS TREATMENT: ANALYSIS FROM THE AUSTRIAN STROKE UNIT REGISTRY: 1

Author: Tatschl, C., Brainin, M., and Teuschl, Y.
Published: 2008

13. Correlated responses to artificial body size selection in growth, development, phenotypic plasticity and juvenile viability in yellow dung flies

Author: TEUSCHL, Y., REIM, C., and BLANCKENHORN, W. U.
Published: 2007

14. Sexual selection on morphological and physiological traits and fluctuating asymmetry in the black scavenger fly Sepsis cynipsea

Author: BLANCKENHORN, W. U., KRAUSHAAR, U. R. S., TEUSCHL, Y., and REIM, C.
Published: 2004

15. Artificial selection on male size depletes genetic variance but not covariance of life history traits in the yellow dung fly

Author: Blanckenhorn, WU, primary, Llaurens, V, additional, Reim, C, additional, Teuschl, Y, additional, and Postma, E, additional
Published: 2019
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16. Is reduced female survival after mating a by-product of male-male competition in the dung fly Sepsis cynipsea?

Author: Hosken DJ, Teuschl Y, and Blanckenhorn WU
Subjects: Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract: Abstract Background In a number of species males damage females during copulation, but the reasons for this remain unclear. It may be that males are trying to manipulate female mating behaviour or their life histories. Alternatively, damage may be a side-effect of male-male competition. In the black scavenger or dung fly Sepsis cynipsea (Diptera: Sepsidae) mating reduces female survival, apparently because males wound females during copulation. However, this damage does not seem to relate to attempted manipulation of female reproduction by males. Here we tested the hypothesis that harming females during mating is an incidental by-product of characters favoured during pre-copulatory male-male competition. We assessed whether males and their sons vary genetically in their ability to obtain matings and harm females, and whether more successful males were also more damaging. We did this by ranking males' mating success in paired competitions across several females whose longevity under starvation was subsequently measured. Results As previously reported, our results show mating is costly for female S. cynipsea. However, variance in female longevity was not explained by male identity, family, body size, number of previous copulations, or copulation duration. Nevertheless, there was a positive correlation between the harm fathers inflicted on their mates (affecting female longevity) and the harm sons inflicted on theirs. Additionally, family identity significantly influenced male copulation success. Conclusion Our results indicate a heritable component of some yet unspecified male trait(s) that influence harm and mating success. However, there was no relationship between copulation success of fathers or sons and the mean longevity of their mates. We therefore found no support for harm being a side effect of traits favoured in pre-copulatory male-male competition.
Published: 2007
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17. Overestimating the risk of aspiration in acute stroke

Author: Trapl, M., primary, Teuschl, Y., additional, Matz, K., additional, Dachenhausen, A., additional, and Brainin, M., additional
Published: 2017
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18. Post-stroke dementia - a comprehensive review

Author: Mijajlovic, M.D., Pavlovic, A., Brainin, M., Heiss, W.D., Quinn, T.J., Ihle-Hansen, H.B., Hermann, D.M., Assayag, E.B., Richard, E., Thiel, A., Kliper, E., Shin, Y.I., Kim, Y.H., Choi, S., Jung, S., Lee, Y.B., Sinanovic, O., Levine, D.A., Schlesinger, I., Mead, G., Milosevic, V., Leys, D., Hagberg, G., Ursin, M.H., Teuschl, Y., Prokopenko, S., Mozheyko, E., Bezdenezhnykh, A., Matz, K., Aleksic, V., Muresanu, D., Korczyn, A.D., Bornstein, N.M., Mijajlovic, M.D., Pavlovic, A., Brainin, M., Heiss, W.D., Quinn, T.J., Ihle-Hansen, H.B., Hermann, D.M., Assayag, E.B., Richard, E., Thiel, A., Kliper, E., Shin, Y.I., Kim, Y.H., Choi, S., Jung, S., Lee, Y.B., Sinanovic, O., Levine, D.A., Schlesinger, I., Mead, G., Milosevic, V., Leys, D., Hagberg, G., Ursin, M.H., Teuschl, Y., Prokopenko, S., Mozheyko, E., Bezdenezhnykh, A., Matz, K., Aleksic, V., Muresanu, D., Korczyn, A.D., and Bornstein, N.M.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 170402.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), Post-stroke dementia (PSD) or post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) may affect up to one third of stroke survivors. Various definitions of PSCI and PSD have been described. We propose PSD as a label for any dementia following stroke in temporal relation. Various tools are available to screen and assess cognition, with few PSD-specific instruments. Choice will depend on purpose of assessment, with differing instruments needed for brief screening (e.g., Montreal Cognitive Assessment) or diagnostic formulation (e.g., NINDS VCI battery). A comprehensive evaluation should include assessment of pre-stroke cognition (e.g., using Informant Questionnaire for Cognitive Decline in the Elderly), mood (e.g., using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and functional consequences of cognitive impairments (e.g., using modified Rankin Scale). A large number of biomarkers for PSD, including indicators for genetic polymorphisms, biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the serum, inflammatory mediators, and peripheral microRNA profiles have been proposed. Currently, no specific biomarkers have been proven to robustly discriminate vulnerable patients ('at risk brains') from those with better prognosis or to discriminate Alzheimer's disease dementia from PSD. Further, neuroimaging is an important diagnostic tool in PSD. The role of computerized tomography is limited to demonstrating type and location of the underlying primary lesion and indicating atrophy and severe white matter changes. Magnetic resonance imaging is the key neuroimaging modality and has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting pathological changes, including small vessel disease. Advanced multi-modal imaging includes diffusion tensor imaging for fiber tracking, by which changes in networks can be detected. Quantitative imaging of cerebral blood flow and metabolism by positron emission tomography can differentiate between vascular dementia and degenerative dementia and show the interaction between vascula
Published: 2017

19. Multidomain intervention for the prevention of cognitive decline after stroke – a pooled patient‐level data analysis.

Author: the ASPIS Study Group, Teuschl, Y., Dachenhausen, A., Ratajczak, P., Brainin, M., Matz, K., Tuomilehto, J., Ihle‐Hansen, H., Ursin, M. H., Hagberg, G., Øksengård, A. R., and Thommessen, B.
Subjects: *COGNITION disorders, *RANDOMIZED controlled trials, *DEMENTIA, *STROKE patients, *MEDICAL care, STROKE risk factors
Abstract: Background and purpose: The aim of this pooled patient‐level data analysis was to test if multidomain interventions, addressing several modifiable vascular risk factors simultaneously, are more effective than usual post‐stroke care for the prevention of cognitive decline after stroke. Methods: This pooled patient‐level data analysis included two randomized controlled trials using a multidomain approach to target vascular risk factors in stroke patients and cognition as primary outcome. Changes from baseline to 12 months in the trail making test (TMT)‐A, TMT‐B and 10‐words test were analysed using stepwise backward linear mixed models with study as random factor. Two analyses were based on the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) principle using different imputation approaches and one was based on complete cases. Results: Data from 322 patients (157 assigned to multidomain intervention and 165 to standard care) were analysed. Differences between randomization groups for TMT‐A scores were found in one ITT model (P = 0.014) and approached significance in the second ITT model (P = 0.087) and for complete cases (P = 0.091). No significant intervention effects were found for any of the other cognitive variables. Conclusion: We found indications that multidomain interventions compared with standard care can improve the scores in TMT‐A at 1 year after stroke but not those for TMT‐B or the 10‐words test. These results have to be interpreted with caution due to the small number of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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20. Sexual selection on morphological and physiological traits and fluctuating asymmetry in the black scavenger fly Sepsis cynipsea

Author: Blanckenhorn, Wolf U, Kraushaar, U, Teuschl, Y, Reim, C, University of Zurich, and Blanckenhorn, Wolf U
Subjects: 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology)
Published: 2004
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21. No size-dependent reproductive costs in male black scavenger flies (Sepsis cynipsea)

Author: Teuschl, Y, Reim, C, Blanckenhorn, Wolf U; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0713-3944, Teuschl, Y, Reim, C, and Blanckenhorn, Wolf U; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0713-3944
Abstract: Mating is generally assumed to be costly, but mating costs differ between the sexes. Although mating itself is considered cheaper for males, mate search and mate competition are cheaper for females. Nevertheless, studies increasingly reveal considerable mating costs for males, and these costs should depend on the body size of the individual. We investigated size-dependent predation (ecological) and energetic (physiological) mating costs in male black scavenger flies, Sepsis cynipsea (Diptera: Sepsidae), a model organism for studies of reproductive behavior. We addressed costs of mating by assessing predation risk for differently sized flies in male, female, and mixed-sex groups. Males were not more likely to be predated in mating or mate-search situations. Scathophaga stercoraria (Diptera: Scathophagidae) predators preferred smaller females and males as prey. Male movement in these different social situations does not proximately explain this size-selective predation, as small individuals were not more mobile. We addressed energetic costs of mating by measuring residual longevity (or starvation resistance) of starved males exposed to different mating situations. Copulation, courtship, interaction with reluctant females, or brief interactions with other males, all presumably increasing energy demand, did not significantly reduce longevity of males compared with males not interacting with other individuals. In general, small males died sooner when starved. Overall, we found no direct costs of mating for male S. cynipsea, but both predation and physiological costs were size dependent.
Published: 2010

22. Size-Dependent mating success at various nutritional states in the Yellow Dung Fly

Author: Blanckenhorn, Wolf U; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0713-3944, Birrer, M, Meier, C M, Reim, C, Teuschl, Y, Weibel, D, Blanckenhorn, Wolf U; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0713-3944, Birrer, M, Meier, C M, Reim, C, Teuschl, Y, and Weibel, D
Abstract: Mating success not only depends on genetic quality, but also equally on environmental factors, most prominently food availability. We investigated the interactive effects of nutritional state and body size on mating success and copula duration in yellow dung fly males (Scathophaga stercoraria; Diptera: Scathophagidae) of three body size selection lines in the laboratory in both non-competitive (single) and competitive (group) situations. Adults require protein and lipids from prey to reproduce, as well as sugars as an energy source for reproductive activity. We expected mating success to decrease with time because of sperm depletion (sugar treatment) and ⁄ or energy shortage (water treatment) relative to the control, prey plus sugar treatment. Based on physiological scaling, we also expected large-line males to become depleted either sooner because of their higher energy and sperm demands, or later because of their more efficient energy use. Average mating success indeed declined over a period of 5–7 d (or 5–15 potential copulations per male), but equally for all food treatments and body size classes. Surprisingly, water-fed and small-line males had the highest mating probability in the non-competitive setting, while in the competitive setting large-line males had the highest success. Energy-depleted males showed apparent terminal investment. Small males acquired females more readily but eventually lost them to larger males in the competitive situation. As shown before, copula duration was inversely related to body size and increased with copulation number, independent of food treatment. We conclude that sugar or prey shortage has little effect on mating success in the short term, and does not differentially affect males of different sizes.
Published: 2008

23. Is reduced female survival after mating a by-product of male-male competition in the dung fly Sepsis cynipsea?

Author: Teuschl, Y, Hosken, D J, Blanckenhorn, Wolf U; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0713-3944, Teuschl, Y, Hosken, D J, and Blanckenhorn, Wolf U; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0713-3944
Abstract: Background: In a number of species males damage females during copulation, but the reasons for this remain unclear. It may be that males are trying to manipulate female mating behaviour or their life histories. Alternatively, damage may be a side-effect of male-male competition. In the black scavenger or dung fly Sepsis cynipsea (Diptera: Sepsidae) mating reduces female survival, apparently because males wound females during copulation. However, this damage does not seem to relate to attempted manipulation of female reproduction by males. Here we tested the hypothesis that harming females during mating is an incidental by-product of characters favoured during precopulatory male-male competition. We assessed whether males and their sons vary genetically in their ability to obtain matings and harm females, and whether more successful males were also more damaging. We did this by ranking males' mating success in paired competitions across several females whose longevity under starvation was subsequently measured. Results: As previously reported, our results show mating is costly for female S. cynipsea. However, variance in female longevity was not explained by male identity, family, body size, number of previous copulations, or copulation duration. Nevertheless, there was a positive correlation between the harm fathers inflicted on their mates (affecting female longevity) and the harm sons inflicted on theirs. Additionally, family identity significantly influenced male copulation success. Conclusion: Our results indicate a heritable component of some yet unspecified male trait(s) that influence harm and mating success. However, there was no relationship between copulation success of fathers or sons and the mean longevity of their mates. We therefore found no support for harm being a side effect of traits favoured in pre-copulatory male-male competition.
Published: 2007

24. Size-dependent effects of temperature and food stress on energy reserves and starvation resistance in yellow dung flies

Author: Reim, C, Teuschl, Y, Blanckenhorn, Wolf U; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0713-3944, Reim, C, Teuschl, Y, and Blanckenhorn, Wolf U; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0713-3944
Abstract: Competing hypotheses: (1) Large body size confers more efficient energy use (relative efficiency hypothesis). (2) Large body size requires more energy to be sustained, a disadvantage when food is limited (absolute energy demand hypothesis). Organism: Yellow dung flies, Scathophaga stercoraria (Diptera: Scathophagidae), artificially selected for large and small body size in the laboratory for 11 (24) generations. Methods: Flies were reared in limited and unlimited larval food conditions and low and stressfully high temperatures, and after adult emergence they were held on water only to study the relationship between energy content (lipids, glucose, glycogen) and (physiological) adult life span under complete starvation (starvation resistance) in the laboratory. Conclusions: Limited larval food and high temperature decreased life span. Life span increased markedly with body size due to the greater energy content of larger flies. Small selection line flies had relatively more energy and longer life spans under complete starvation, indicating a compensatory correlated genetic response to body size selection. The larger males suffered most under multiple stresses. Our results support the relative efficiency hypothesis, which more than compensates for the greater absolute energy demand of larger individuals.
Published: 2006

25. Prevention of post-stroke cognitive decline: a review focusing on lifestyle interventions

Author: Teuschl, Y., primary, Matz, K., additional, and Brainin, M., additional
Published: 2012
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26. Mating with a large male yellow dung fly: costs or benefits in terms of clutch size?

Author: Blanckenhorn, Wolf U; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0713-3944, Ding, A, Ward, Paul I, Meile, Patricia, Teuschl, Y, Reim, C, Martin, Oliver Y, Hosken, D J, Blanckenhorn, Wolf U; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0713-3944, Ding, A, Ward, Paul I, Meile, Patricia, Teuschl, Y, Reim, C, Martin, Oliver Y, and Hosken, D J
Published: 2002

27. Is reduced female survival after mating a by-product of male-male competition in the dung fly Sepsis cynipsea?

Author: Teuschl, Y, primary, Hosken, DJ, additional, and Blanckenhorn, WU, additional
Published: 2007
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28. Size-dependent effects of larval and adult food availability on reproductive energy allocation in the Yellow Dung Fly

Author: REIM, C., primary, TEUSCHL, Y., additional, and BLANCKENHORN, W. U., additional
Published: 2006
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29. Helicopter transport of stroke patients and its influence on thrombolysis rates: data from the Austrian Stroke Unit Registry.

Author: Reiner-Deitemyer V, Teuschl Y, Matz K, Reiter M, Eckhardt R, Seyfang L, Tatschl C, Brainin M, Austrian Stroke Unit Registry Collaborators, Reiner-Deitemyer, Veronika, Teuschl, Yvonne, Matz, Karl, Reiter, Martina, Eckhardt, Raoul, Seyfang, Leonhard, Tatschl, Claudia, and Brainin, Michael
Published: 2011
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30. Size-dependent effects of temperature and food stress on energy reserves and starvation resistance in yellow dung flies

Author: Reim, C, Teuschl, Y, Blanckenhorn, Wolf U, University of Zurich, and Blanckenhorn, Wolf U
Subjects: 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology)

31. Mating with a large male yellow dung fly: Costs or benefits in terms of clutch size?

Author: Blanckenhorn, Wolf U, Ding, A, Ward, Paul I, Meile, Patricia, Teuschl, Y, Reim, C, Martin, Oliver Y, Hosken, D J, University of Zurich, and Blanckenhorn, Wolf U
Subjects: 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology)

32. The hidden burden of glucose pathology in acute stroke remains hidden.

Author: Brainin M, Matz K, Teuschl Y, Tatschl C, Brainin, Michael, Matz, Karl, Teuschl, Yvonne, and Tatschl, Claudia
Published: 2009
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33. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Mosiur Rahman, Rehab Salah, Mario F P Peres, Licia Iacoviello, Benjamin A Stark, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Amir Radfar, Kamarul Imran Musa, Yannick Béjot, Deanna Anderlini, Carlos Cantú-Brito, Feng Sha, V. E. Nwatah, Pradip Gyanwali, Boris Bikbov, Bartosz Miazgowski, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ali Bijani, Imteyaz A Khan, Yaser Mokhayeri, Bogdan Oancea, Tarang Parekh, Martin Dichgans, Linh Gia Vu, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Mona Pathak, Maciej Banach, Marissa B Reitsma, Derrick A Bennett, Treska S Hassan, Allen Seylani, Gdiom Gebreheat Abady, Islam Y. Elgendy, Hassan Mehmood Lak, Ismael R. Campos-Nonato, Sorin Hostiuc, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Alessandra C. Goulart, Silvia Schiavolin, Simona Sacco, Atif Amin Baig, Azeem Majeed, Sahar Eftekharzadeh, Badr Hasan Sobaih, Archith Boloor, Aimé Bonny, Graeme J. Hankey, Jiregna Darega Gela, Mohamed I Hegazy, Pedram Keshavarz, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Maseer Khan, Hatem Abdelaziz Mohamed Wafa, Hualiang Lin, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Simon I. Hay, Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Xuefeng Liu, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Maryam Zamanian, Sezer Kisa, Preetam Bhalchandra Mahajan, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Alberto Raggi, Shubha Jayaram, Tahira Ashraf, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Matthias Endres, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Dominique Vervoort, Hanadi Al Hamad, Mowafa Househ, Elena V. Gnedovskaya, Johan Ärnlöv, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Yousef Khader, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Yuming Guo, Yunquan Zhang, Sami Almustanyir, Lalit Dandona, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Chythra R Rao, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Irena Ilic, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Priya Rathi, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Gyu Ri Kim, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Alaa Makki, Yun Jin Kim, Vida Abedi, Shanshan Li, Kewal Krishan, David Flood, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Michele Romoli, Gregory A. Roth, Jagdish Khubchandani, Isabela M. Benseñor, Rupak Desai, Mohammed Shannawaz, Aziz Sheikh, Claudiu Herteliu, Xiaoyue Xu, Santi Martini, Kenji Shibuya, Jasvinder A. Singh, Ravi Prakash Jha, Kairat Davletov, Mahya Beheshti, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Ismaeel Yunusa, Maria Inês Schmidt, Koustuv Dalal, Sohail Ahmad, Patrick D. M. C. Katoto, Oladimeji Adebayo, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Ranil Jayawardena, Giampiero Mazzaglia, Mitra Abbasifard, Usman Iqbal, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Alireza Rafiei, Catherine O. Johnson, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone, Simona Giampaoli, Gaetano Isola, Ricardo Lutzky Saute, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Vishnu Renjith, Farshad Farzadfar, Irina Filip, Daniel Diaz, André Karch, Samer Hamidi, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, David Colozza, Gbenga A. Kayode, Dinh-Toi Chu, Truong-Minh Pham, Arielle Wilder Bell, Aziz Rezapour, David Laith Rawaf, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Ivo Iavicoli, Adrian Pana, Salman Rawaf, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Omid Dadras, Anayat Ullah, Gina Agarwal, Shafiu Mohammed, Bing-Fang Hwang, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Charles D.A. Wolfe, Sanjay Basu, Michael Brauer, Tanuj Kanchan, Ahmad Azam Malik, Brigid Unim, Min Seo Kim, Kia Vosoughi, Tomasz Miazgowski, Warren D. Lo, Vivek Podder, Dana Bryazka, Chuanhua Yu, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Rufus Akinyemi, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Ettore Beghi, Xiaochen Dai, Meghnath Dhimal, Mehrnoosh Samaei, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Bay Vo, Amanual Getnet Mersha, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Savita Lasrado, Jalal Arabloo, Pablo M. Lavados, Samaneh Akbarpour, Khezar Hayat, Ritesh G. Menezes, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Mariam Molokhia, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Aletta E. Schutte, Zahra Kamiab, Lidia Morawska, Mohammad Ali Moni, Bo Norrving, Tommi Vasankari, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Ai Koyanagi, Tissa Wijeratne, Rizwan Kalani, Chenwen Zhong, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Sepideh Ahmadi, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Andrzej Rynkiewicz, Pradyumna Agasthi, Saeed Shahabi, Adnan Kisa, Fares Alahdab, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Adnan Ansar, Matilde Leonardi, Ali Koolivand, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Leonardo Roever, Daniel Asfaw Erku, Alok Atreya, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Dhaval Kolte, Shajedur Rahman Shawon, Michael Ekholuenetale, Navid Manafi, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Syed Amir Gilani, Mohamed M. Gad, Christopher J L Murray, Louis Jacob, Robert Ancuceanu, Simona Costanzo, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Nazanin Rajai, Muhammed Elhadi, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Alireza Zandifar, Walter Muruet, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Hans Orru, Mikk Jürisson, Rajeev Gupta, Kurnia Dwi Artanti, Till Bärnighausen, Mark Woodward, Masao Iwagami, Brijesh Sathian, Bingyu Li, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Sherief Ghozy, Amanda G. Thrift, Michael A. Piradov, Florian Fischer, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Stefan Lorkowski, Muhammed Shahriar Zaman, Ali Yadollahpour, Abdiwahab Hashi, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Mika Kivimäki, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irmina Maria Michalek, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Alberico L. Catapano, Gholamreza Bazmandegan, Ahmed Al Montasir, Fakher Rahim, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Giang Thu Vu, G Anil Kumar, Juan Jesus Carrero, Hiroyasu Iso, Abdallah M. Samy, Stefan Stortecky, Reza Malekzadeh, Ashwin Kamath, Nevine El Nahas, Ayesha Humayun, Miguel A Barboza, Sheng-Chia Chung, Carlo La Vecchia, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Rita Krishnamurthi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Milena Ilic, Lalit Yadav, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Abdel Douiri, Yousef Mohammad, Jason H Y Wu, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Ramesh Holla, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Itamar S. Santos, Jost B. Jonas, Dian Kusuma, Atte Meretoja, Yasir Waheed, Ben Lacey, Zahra Aryan, Mulugeta Molla Birhanu, Moien Ab Khan, K. M. Saif-Ur-Rahman, Ramin Zand, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Sung In Jang, Rakhi Dandona, Emanuele D'Amico, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Jaykaran Charan, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Davide Sattin, Akram Pourshams, Markus P. Schlaich, Arief Hargono, Samaneh Asgari, Ovidiu Baltatu, Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Jakub Morze, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Manjari Tripathi, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Rohollah Kalhor, Yogeshwar Kalkonde, Soraya Siabani, Sojib Bin Zaman, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Shilpa Gaidhane, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih, Samath D Dharmaratne, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Vivek Gupta, Klara Dokova, Alireza Vakilian, Vardhmaan Jain, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Sarah Wulf Hanson, Umar Farooque, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Vera Marisa Costa, Alessandro Gialluisi, Valery L. Feigin, Himal Kandel, Suzanne Polinder, Nermin Ghith, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Michael H. Criqui, Asif Hanif, Ahmed Abualhasan, Veer Bala Gupta, Mahaveer Golechha, Bach Xuan Tran, Jason A. Anderson, Catherine Bisignano, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Zahid A Butt, Budi Aji, Baye Dagnew, Rasmus Havmoeller, Victor Volovici, Jitendra Singh, Paramjit Gill, Saverio Stranges, Eun Cheol Park, Andrew T Olagunju, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Woldesellassie M. Bezabhe, Sheikh M. Alif, Junjie Huang, Foad Abd-Allah, Yvonne Teuschl, Rajkumar Doshi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Marcel Ausloos, Mohsen Naghavi, Yusra Ahmed Salih, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Maarten J. Postma, Ghozali Ghozali, Yanzhong Wang, Ali H. Mokdad, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Nitin Joseph, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Mohammad Athar, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Albertino Damasceno, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Marcello Tonelli, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Sonali G. Choudhari, Abdullah Hamid Feroze, Walter D. Johnson, Ro-Ting Lin, Francesca Giulia Magnani, Hermann Brenner, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Tea Lallukka, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators, Feigin, V. L., Stark, B. A., Johnson, C. O., Roth, G. A., Bisignano, C., Abady, G. G., Abbasifard, M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abd-Allah, F., Abedi, V., Abualhasan, A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. E., Abushouk, A. I., Adebayo, O. M., Agarwal, G., Agasthi, P., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ahmad, S., Ahmadi, S., Salih, Y. A., Aji, B., Akbarpour, S., Akinyemi, R. O., Al Hamad, H., Alahdab, F., Alif, S. M., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Almustanyir, S., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Salman, R. A. -S., Alvis-Guzman, N., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Anderson, J. A., Ansar, A., Antonazzo, I. C., Arabloo, J., Arnlov, J., Artanti, K. D., Aryan, Z., Asgari, S., Ashraf, T., Athar, M., Atreya, A., Ausloos, M., Baig, A. A., Baltatu, O. C., Banach, M., Barboza, M. A., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnighausen, T. W., Barone, M. T. U., Basu, S., Bazmandegan, G., Beghi, E., Beheshti, M., Bejot, Y., Bell, A. W., Bennett, D. A., Bensenor, I. M., Bezabhe, W. M., Bezabih, Y. M., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Birhanu, M. M., Boloor, A., Bonny, A., Brauer, M., Brenner, H., Bryazka, D., Butt, Z. A., Dos Santos, F. L. C., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Cantu-Brito, C., Carrero, J. J., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Catapano, A. L., Chakraborty, P. A., Charan, J., Choudhari, S. G., Chowdhury, E. K., Chu, D. -T., Chung, S. -C., Colozza, D., Costa, V. M., Costanzo, S., Criqui, M. H., Dadras, O., Dagnew, B., Dai, X., Dalal, K., Damasceno, A. A. M., D'Amico, E., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Gela, J. D., Davletov, K., De La Cruz-Gongora, V., Desai, R., Dhamnetiya, D., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhimal, M. L., Dhimal, M., Diaz, D., Dichgans, M., Dokova, K., Doshi, R., Douiri, A., Duncan, B. B., Eftekharzadeh, S., Ekholuenetale, M., El Nahas, N., Elgendy, I. Y., Elhadi, M., El-Jaafary, S. I., Endres, M., Endries, A. Y., Erku, D. A., Faraon, E. J. A., Farooque, U., Farzadfar, F., Feroze, A. H., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Flood, D., Gad, M. M., Gaidhane, S., Gheshlagh, R. 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L., Public Health, Neurosurgery, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), HUS Neurocenter, Neurologian yksikkö, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Feigin, V, Stark, B, Johnson, C, Roth, G, Bisignano, C, Abady, G, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abedi, V, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, O, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Salih, Y, Aji, B, Akbarpour, S, Akinyemi, R, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alif, S, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Salman, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, J, Ansar, A, Antonazzo, I, Arabloo, J, Arnlov, J, Artanti, K, Aryan, Z, Asgari, S, Ashraf, T, Athar, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Baig, A, Baltatu, O, Banach, M, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Barone, M, Basu, S, Bazmandegan, G, Beghi, E, Beheshti, M, Bejot, Y, Bell, A, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Bezabhe, W, Bezabih, Y, 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H, Lin, R, Liu, X, Lo, W, Lorkowski, S, Lucchetti, G, Saute, R, Abd El Razek, H, Magnani, F, Mahajan, P, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martini, S, Mazzaglia, G, Mehndiratta, M, Menezes, R, Meretoja, A, Mersha, A, Jonasson, J, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Mirrakhimov, E, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Moni, M, Al Montasir, A, Moradzadeh, R, Morawska, L, Morze, J, Muruet, W, Musa, K, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Swamy, S, Nascimento, B, Negoi, R, Kandel, S, Nguyen, T, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nwatah, V, Oancea, B, Odukoya, O, Olagunju, A, Orru, H, Owolabi, M, Padubidri, J, Pana, A, Parekh, T, Park, E, Kan, F, Pathak, M, Peres, M, Perianayagam, A, Pham, T, Piradov, M, Podder, V, Polinder, S, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rajai, N, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reitsma, M, Renjith, V, Renzaho, A, Rezapour, A, Rodriguez, J, Roever, L, Romoli, M, Rynkiewicz, A, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Moghaddam, S, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salah, R, Samaei, M, Samy, A, Santos, I, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Schiavolin, S, Schlaich, M, Schmidt, M, Schutte, A, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shannawaz, M, Shawon, M, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shibuya, K, Siabani, S, Silva, D, Singh, J, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sobaih, B, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Tadesse, E, Tarigan, I, Temsah, M, Teuschl, Y, Thrift, A, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Tripathi, M, Tsegaye, G, Ullah, A, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Vakilian, A, Tahbaz, S, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Vervoort, D, Vo, B, Volovici, V, Vosoughi, K, Vu, G, Vu, L, Wafa, H, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wijeratne, T, Winkler, A, Wolfe, C, Woodward, M, Wu, J, Hanson, S, Xu, X, Yadav, L, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yatsuya, H, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaman, M, Zaman, S, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zuniga, Y, Murray, C, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), and Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD)
Subjects: Male, Aging, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Stroke data, GUIDELINES, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, Body Mass Index, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, Strokes, YOUNG-ADULTS, Prevalence, 80 and over, Aetiology, 610 Medicine & health, Stroke, POPULATION, 1103 Clinical Sciences, 1109 Neurosciences, Cause of death, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Mortality rate, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, 1. No poverty, Articles, Hälsovetenskaper, Middle Aged, Stroke types, ddc, 3. Good health, ISCHEMIC-STROKE, Income, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, GBD, Population, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Neurology, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Research, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, Health Sciences, medicine, Humans, Risk factor, education, GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Aged, Ischemic Stroke, Global burden, Science & Technology, Neurology & Neurosurgery, HYPERTENSION, business.industry, MORTALITY, Prevention, 3112 Neurosciences, Neurosciences, 1103 Clinical Sciences, SERVICES, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, medicine.disease, PREVENTION, Brain Disorders, Good Health and Well Being, Attributable risk, Human medicine, Neurology (clinical), Neurosciences & Neurology, business, 1109 Neurosciences, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, RC
Abstract: Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12·2 million (95% UI 11·0–13·6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93·2–111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133–153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6·55 million (6·00–7·02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11·6% [10·8–12·2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5·7% [5·1–6·2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70·0% (67·0–73·0), prevalent strokes increased by 85·0% (83·0–88·0), deaths from stroke increased by 43·0% (31·0–55·0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32·0% (22·0–42·0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17·0% (15·0–18·0), mortality decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0), prevalence decreased by 6·0% (5·0–7·0), and DALYs decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22·0% (21·0–24·0) and incidence rates increased by 15·0% (12·0–18·0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3·6 (3·5–3·8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3·7 (3·5–3·9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62·4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7·63 million [6·57–8·96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27·9% (3·41 million [2·97–3·91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9·7% (1·18 million [1·01–1·39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79·6 million [67·7–90·8] DALYs or 55·5% [48·2–62·0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34·9 million [22·3–48·6] DALYs or 24·3% [15·7–33·2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28·9 million [19·8–41·5] DALYs or 20·2% [13·8–29·1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28·7 million [23·4–33·4] DALYs or 20·1% [16·6–23·0]), and smoking (25·3 million [22·6–28·2] DALYs or 17·6% [16·4–19·0]). Interpretation The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2021
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34. Is the NASA Lean Test a suitable tool to diagnose cardiovascular autonomic disorders?

Author: Teuschl Y, Fanciulli A, Pavy-Le Traon A, Habek M, Thijs RD, Pavelic AR, and Struhal W
Abstract: Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: R.D.T. reports consultancy and speakers’ fees from Union Chimique Belge, LivAssured, Angelini, GlaxoSmithKline, Theravance, Novartis, and Zogenix as well as grants from Medtronic and New Life Wearables. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Published: 2025
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35. "Spanish flu," encephalitis lethargica, and COVID-19: Progress made, lessons learned, and directions for future research.

Author: Brainin M, Teuschl Y, and Gelpi E
Subjects: Humans, History, 20th Century, Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic history, Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic therapy, Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic epidemiology, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human history, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Influenza, Human therapy, Pandemics, COVID-19 epidemiology
Abstract: One hundred years ago, an influenza pandemic swept across the globe that coincided with the development of a neurological condition, named "encephalitis lethargica" for the occurrence of its main symptom, the sudden onset of sleepiness that either developed into coma or gradually receded. Between 1917 and 1920, mortality of the flu was >20 million and of encephalitis lethargica approximately 1 million. For lessons to be learned from this pandemic, it makes sense to compare it with the COVID-19 pandemic, which occurred 100 years later. Biomedical progress had enabled testing, vaccinations, and drug therapies accompanied by public health measures such as social distancing, contact tracing, wearing face masks, and frequent hand washing. From todays' perspective, these public health measures are time honored but not sufficiently proven effective, especially when applied in the context of a vaccination strategy. Also, the protective effects of lockdowns of schools, universities, and other institutions and the restrictions on travel and personal visits to hospitals or old-age homes are not precisely known. Preparedness is still a demand for a future pandemic. Clinical trials should determine the comparative effectiveness of such public health measures, especially for their use as a combination strategy with vaccination and individual testing of asymptomatic individuals. It is important for neurologists to realize that during a pandemic the treatment possibilities for acute stroke and other neurological emergencies are reduced, which has previously led to an increase of mortality and suffering. To increase preparedness for a future pandemic, neurologists play an important role, as the case load of acute and chronic neurological patients will be higher as well as the needs for rehabilitation. Finally, new chronic forms of postviral disease will likely be added, as was the case for postencephalitic parkinsonism a century ago and now has occurred as long COVID., (© 2024 The Authors. European Journal of Neurology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Neurology.)
Published: 2024
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36. Power modulation spectrum - a promising approach for the indispensable quality control of electrocardiogram signals from monitoring units for the detection of autonomic dysfunction.

Author: Olbert E, Teuschl Y, Mahringer C, and Struhal W
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases diagnosis, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases physiopathology, Middle Aged, Aged, Artifacts, Electrocardiography standards, Electrocardiography methods, Quality Control, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
Abstract: Objective: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is essential for evaluating the autonomic nervous system. Ensuring the quality of real-world ECG datasets is critical, but manual control of large datasets is impractical. Thus, automated quality control is necessary. This paper introduces a new quality index, the peak-distance quality index (PDQI), based on the modulation spectrum approach., Methods: Real-life data from 1000 ECG recordings, each 600 s long, were collected at the stroke unit of the University Hospital Tulln. Each ECG was visually evaluated, including the duration of the signal, artefacts and noise, and the number of extrasystoles. The power-modulation spectrum, the percentage of ECG in each signal, and modulation spectrum-based quality index (MS-QI) and PDQI were calculated. The area under the curve (AUC) for the detection of high-quality ECGs was calculated for both quality indices, as well as the optimal threshold for each index., Results: The percentage of ECG signals in the recordings based on the modulation spectrum correlates with expert rating (r = 0.99, p < 0.001). The AUC for PDQI for the detection of extrasystoles is 0.96, and the AUC for MSQI for the detection of artefacts is 0.83. The optimal thresholds for PDQI and MSQI are 0.44 and 0.17, respectively CONCLUSION: The power modulation spectrum can be applied to large amounts of data to detect ECG signals within biosignals and calculate quality indices. MSQI can be used for artefact detection and PDQI for extrasystole detection in ECG signals. A combined approach using both quality indices can provide a picture of the underlying data quality., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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37. Neurological Complications of the Lower Extremities After Femoral Cannulated Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review.

Author: Johannes F, Frohofer-Vollenweider R, and Teuschl Y
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Nervous System Diseases etiology, Nervous System Diseases therapy, Observational Studies as Topic, Prevalence, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation adverse effects, Lower Extremity blood supply
Abstract: Background: Femoral cannulated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been associated with neurologic complications in the lower extremity ipsilateral to the cannulation. There is uncertainty about the prevalence of these complications and their mechanisms of development., Objective: Aim of this systematic review was to investigate the prevalence of neurological complications after ECMO and to describe possible underlying mechanisms., Method: A systematic literature search was performed in Medline-Ovid, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PEDro until April 2021 for clinical trials in English or German language which quantified neurologic complications in the lower extremity ipsilateral to the ECMO cannulation of adults. The complications had to be delimitable to intensive care unit-acquired weakness. Methodological quality was assessed by 2 independent investigators using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute., Results: Eight observational studies were included in the synthesis. Study quality was good to fair in 88% of the papers. Overall, 47 of 202 patients (23.3%; ranging from 3% to 48% across studies) with femoral ECMO cannulation showed neurologic complications of the lower extremity ipsilateral to the cannulation. Peripheral ischemia and compression of nerves by the ECMO cannula are discussed as mechanisms of injury., Conclusion: The occurrence of neurological complications after ECMO was common and can lead to long-term impairment. The mechanisms are largely unknown but currently there is no sufficient evidence for the involvement of ECMO. Standardized assessments are needed to systematically screen for neurological complications early after ECMO, to enable countermeasures and prevent further complications., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Published: 2024
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38. Oral intake of solid medications in patients with post-stroke dysphagia. A challenge for nurses?

Author: Trapl-Grundschober M, Schulz S, Sollereder S, Schneider L, Teuschl Y, and Osterbrink J
Abstract: Aim: To provide a comprehensive overview of how stroke nurses manage solid medication (SM) delivery to patients with post-stroke dysphagia., Design: Cross-sectional study., Methods: A self-administered online survey was carried out among nurses in German-speaking countries between September and December 2021., Results: Out of a total of 754 responses, analysis was conducted on 195 nurses who reported working on a stroke unit. To identify swallowing difficulties in acute stroke care, 99 nurses indicated routinely administering standardised screenings, while 10 use unvalidated screenings, and 82 are waiting for a specialist evaluation. Regardless of whether screening methods are used or not, most preferred a non-oral route of medication administration for patients with suspected dysphagia. None of the respondents reported administering whole SMs orally to patients. If screening methods indicate dysphagia, approximately half of the respondents would modify SMs. Participants who stated to use the Gugging Swallowing Screen managed the SM intake guided by its severity levels. One-third of the group who awaited assessment by the dysphagia specialist provided modified medication before the consultation., Conclusion: Most of the nurses on stroke units use swallowing screens and avoid the administration of whole SMs in post-stroke dysphagia. In addition to the non-oral administration, SMs are modified if dysphagia is suspected. Precise guidance on the administration of SM is needed, based on screening tests and prior to expert consultation., Trial and Protocol Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: Registration ID: NCT05173051/ Protocol ID: 11TS003721., Implications for the Profession And/or Patient Care: The present paper serves to alert nurses to the issue of patient safety when administering medication for acute stroke-induced dysphagia., Impact: SM delivery after acute stroke-induced dysphagia is often neglected. While nurses are aware of the risk associated with dysphagia and would not give whole SMs to patients, the modification of tablets and their administration with semisolids are common., Reporting Method: This study was reported according to the Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS)., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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39. Botulinum Toxin-A for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain after Decompressive Craniotomy in Stroke: Two Cases.

Author: Teuschl Y, Bancher C, Dachenhausen A, Matz K, and Pinter MM
Abstract: Botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) is recommended as third-line off-label treatment for the management of neuropathic pain. BoNT-A has been reported as treatment for different neuropathic pain conditions; however, not for neuropathic pain after decompressive craniotomy for stroke. The aim of this retrospective case series is to provide information on safety, the effect, and the application method of BoNT-A in clinical practice for the treatment of neuropathic pain after trepanation. This case series describes 2 patients treated in 2021 at a BoNT outpatient clinic for chronic neuropathic pain at the incisional site after decompressive craniotomy for stroke who were resistant to pain medication. Cases were a 48-year-old woman and a 63-year-old man suffering from chronic neuropathic pain since 3 and 6 years, respectively. They were treated regularly with BoNT-A with a total dose of 100 mouse units of incobotulinumtoxin-A injected into peri-incisional sites of the scalp. Both patients reported subjective decrease in pain frequency (40% and 60%), in pain intensity (60% and 90%), and an increase of quality of life (80%). BoNT-A should be further investigated as treatment for neuropathic pain - especially in underreported conditions such as neuropathic pain after craniotomy in stroke., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© 2023 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)
Published: 2023
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40. A bedside swallowing screen for the identification of post-extubation dysphagia on the intensive care unit - validation of the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS)-ICU.

Author: Troll C, Trapl-Grundschober M, Teuschl Y, Cerrito A, Compte MG, and Siegemund M
Subjects: Humans, Deglutition, Prospective Studies, Airway Extubation, Reproducibility of Results, Intensive Care Units, Deglutition Disorders diagnosis, Deglutition Disorders etiology
Abstract: Purpose: Screening for dysphagia at the intensive care unit (ICU) soon after extubation can prevent aspiration, pneumonia, lower mortality, and shorten re-feeding interval. This study aimed to modify the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS), which was developed for acute stroke patients, and to validate it for extubated patients in the ICU., Methods: In this prospective study, forty-five patients who had been intubated for at least 24 h were recruited consecutively at the earliest 24 h after extubation. The modified GUSS-ICU was performed twice by two speech and language therapists independently. Concurrently, gold standard the flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) was performed by an otorhinolaryngologist. Measurements were conducted within a three-hour period; all testers were blinded to each other's results., Results: According to FEES, 36 of 45 (80%) participants were diagnosed with dysphagia; 13 of those were severe, 12 moderate, and 11 mild. Compared to FEES, the GUSS-ICU predicted dysphagia well (area under the curve for the initial rater pair: 0.923, 95% CI 0.832-1.000 and 0.923, 95% CI 0.836 -1.000 for the second rater pair). The sensitivity was 91.7% (95% CI 77.5-98.3%) and 94.4% (95% CI 81.3-99.3%); the specificity was 88.9% (51.8-99.7%) and 66.7% (29.9-92.5%); the positive predictive values were 97.1% (83.8-99.5%) and 91.9% (81.7-96.6%), and the negative predictive values were 72.7% (46.8-89%) and 75% (41.9-92.6%) for the first and second rater pairs, respectively. Dysphagia severity classification according to FEES and GUSS-ICU correlated strongly (Spearman's rho: 0.61 for rater 1 and 0.60 for rater 2, p < 0.001). Agreement by all testers was good (Krippendorffs Alpha: 0.73). The interrater reliability showed good agreement (Cohen`s Kappa: 0.84, p < 0.001)., Conclusion: The GUSS-ICU is a simple, reliable, and valid multi-consistency bedside swallowing screen to identify post-extubation dysphagia at the ICU., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04532398,31/08/2020., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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41. Polypill: Benefits Seen for Stroke and Other Outcomes.

Author: Brainin M, Teuschl Y, and Martins S
Subjects: Adult, Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use, Drug Combinations, Humans, Secondary Prevention, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Stroke drug therapy, Stroke prevention & control
Abstract: A polypill-type strategy for primary prevention was first published at the turn of the century and advised that a multi-ingredient pill applied to an adult population would prevent up to 80% of cardiovascular and stroke events. Such a pill should contain small doses of antihypertensives, lipid-lowering drugs, and some nutrients. The startling increase of the global stroke burden has led to a revival of this concept and the propagation of a population-based prevention strategy. Recent cardiovascular fixed-dose combination trials have shown a significant effect in reducing not only blood pressure and cholesterol levels but also in reducing cardiovascular and stroke events. In most of the studies, the study population was for secondary prevention and the total number of strokes was small. Nevertheless, it is now clear that a large proportion of primary prevention must take this path. It is especially promising when combined with community health workers interventions for modifying risk behavior. While a polypill-type approach seems most efficacious in underserved regions of high-income countries as well as in low- and middle-income countries, it seems to have a large overall effect in spite of some problems with nonadherence or potential side effects. It should be available and affordable for large target populations. Larger phase 4 studies are under way.
Published: 2022
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42. COVID-19-related delays of botulinum toxin injections have a negative impact on the quality of life of patients with dystonia and spasticity: a single-center ambulatory care study.

Author: Teuschl Y, Bancher C, Brainin M, Dachenhausen A, Matz K, and Pinter MM
Subjects: Aged, Ambulatory Care, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Muscle Spasticity drug therapy, Pandemics, Quality of Life, SARS-CoV-2, Treatment Outcome, Botulinum Toxins, Type A, COVID-19, Dystonia complications, Dystonia drug therapy, Neuromuscular Agents
Abstract: Background: Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is considered a safe and effective treatment for spasticity and dystonia. Individual interinjection intervals are critical for the maintenance of the effect. In Austria, BoNT outpatient clinics were shutdown from November to December 2020 during COVID-19 control measures, leading to rescheduling of BoNT-A injections. This survey aimed at investigating the influence of injection delays on symptoms, physical functioning, and quality of life (QoL) of the affected patients., Methods: Between April and July 2021, 32 outpatients (21 females, mean age: 63.4 ± 12.1 years) treated ≥ 12 months at the BoNT outpatient clinic Horn-Allentsteig (Austria) and experienced ≥ 2 week injection delays, completed a structured face-to-face questionnaire., Results: Indications were dystonia (34%), spasticity (63%), and hyperhidrosis (3%). Injections were delayed by 10 weeks (median, range: 2-15). Muscle cramps increased in 95% of patients with spasticity, muscle twitches in 91% of those with dystonia, and pain in 9% and 60% for dystonia and spasticity, respectively. Overall, 75% reported functional worsening, and deterioration in QoL by 62.6% ± 16.8 (mean ± SD). The impact on QoL correlated with the subjective global improvement induced by BoNT-A (Rs: 0.625; p < 0.001). For 75%, long-term assurance of BoNT-A therapy was very important, and 81% felt their patient rights not respected., Conclusions: COVID-19-related delays in BoNT-A injections illustrate the importance of this therapy for symptom relief, functional outcome, and QoL in patients suffering from involuntary muscle hyperactivity. BoNT-A therapy is essential and has to be guaranteed even in circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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43. European Stroke Organisation and European Academy of Neurology joint guidelines on post-stroke cognitive impairment.

Author: Quinn TJ, Richard E, Teuschl Y, Gattringer T, Hafdi M, O'Brien JT, Merriman N, Gillebert C, Huygelier H, Verdelho A, Schmidt R, Ghaziani E, Forchammer H, Pendlebury ST, Bruffaerts R, Mijajlovic M, Drozdowska BA, Ball E, and Markus HS
Subjects: Humans, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Cognitive Dysfunction diagnosis, Cognitive Dysfunction etiology, Cognitive Dysfunction therapy, Neurology, Stroke complications, Stroke therapy
Abstract: Background and Purpose: The optimal management of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains controversial. These joint European Stroke Organisation (ESO) and European Academy of Neurology (EAN) guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations to assist clinicians in decision making regarding prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis., Methods: Guidelines were developed according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The working group identified relevant clinical questions, performed systematic reviews, assessed the quality of the available evidence, and made specific recommendations. Expert consensus statements were provided where insufficient evidence was available to provide recommendations., Results: There was limited randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence regarding single or multicomponent interventions to prevent post-stroke cognitive decline. Lifestyle interventions and treating vascular risk factors have many health benefits, but a cognitive effect is not proven. We found no evidence regarding routine cognitive screening following stroke, but recognize the importance of targeted cognitive assessment. We describe the accuracy of various cognitive screening tests, but found no clearly superior approach to testing. There was insufficient evidence to make a recommendation for use of cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine nootropics or cognitive rehabilitation. There was limited evidence on the use of prediction tools for post-stroke cognition. The association between PSCI and acute structural brain imaging features was unclear, although the presence of substantial white matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin on brain magnetic resonance imaging may help predict cognitive outcomes., Conclusions: These guidelines highlight fundamental areas where robust evidence is lacking. Further definitive RCTs are needed, and we suggest priority areas for future research., (© 2021 European Academy of Neurology and European Stroke Organisation.)
Published: 2021
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44. Comparison of oral glucose tolerance test and HbA1c in detection of disorders of glucose metabolism in patients with acute stroke.

Author: Matz K, Tuomilehto J, Teuschl Y, Dachenhausen A, and Brainin M
Subjects: Austria, Biomarkers blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Humans, Prediabetic State blood, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, Retrospective Studies, Stroke blood, Stroke diagnosis, Time Factors, Blood Glucose metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diagnosis, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glycated Hemoglobin metabolism, Prediabetic State diagnosis, Stroke therapy
Abstract: Background: Diabetes is an increasingly important risk factor for ischemic stroke and worsens stroke prognosis. Yet a large proportion of stroke patients who are eventually diabetic are undiagnosed. Therefore, it is important to have sensitive assessment of unrecognized hyperglycaemia in stroke patients., Design: Secondary outcome analysis of a randomized controlled trial focussing on parameters of glucose metabolism and detection of diabetes and prediabetes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS)., Methods: A total of 130 consecutively admitted patients with AIS without previously known type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were screened for diabetes or prediabetes as part of secondary outcome analysis of a randomized controlled trial that tested lifestyle intervention to prevent post-stroke cognitive decline. Patients had the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements in the second week after stroke onset and after 1 year. The detection rates of diabetes and prediabetes based on the OGTT or HbA1c values were compared., Results: By any of the applied tests at the second week after stroke onset 62 of 130 patients (48%) had prediabetes or T2DM. Seventy-five patients had results from both tests available, the OGTT and HbA1c; according to the OGTT 40 (53.3%) patients had normal glucose metabolism, 33 (44%) had prediabetes, two (2.7%) T2DM. In 50 (66.7%) patients the HbA1c results were normal, 24 (32%) in the prediabetic and one (1.3%) in the diabetic range. The detection rate for disorders of glucose metabolism was 10% higher (absolute difference; relative difference 29%) with the OGTT compared with HbA1c. After 1 year the detection rate for prediabetes or T2DM was 7% higher with the OGTT (26% relative difference). The study intervention led to a more favourable evolution of glycemic status after 1 year., Conclusion: The OGTT is a more sensitive screening tool than HbA1c for the detection of previously unrecognized glycemic disorders in patients with acute stroke with an at least a 25% relative difference in detection rate. Therefore, an OGTT should be performed in all patients with stroke with no history of diabetes. Trial registration http://clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01109836.
Published: 2020
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45. Early prevention of diabetes microvascular complications in people with hyperglycaemia in Europe. ePREDICE randomized trial. Study protocol, recruitment and selected baseline data.

Author: Gabriel R, Boukichou Abdelkader N, Acosta T, Gilis-Januszewska A, Gómez-Huelgas R, Makrilakis K, Kamenov Z, Paulweber B, Satman I, Djordjevic P, Alkandari A, Mitrakou A, Lalic N, Colagiuri S, Lindström J, Egido J, Natali A, Pastor JC, Teuschl Y, Lind M, Silva L, López-Ridaura R, and Tuomilehto J
Subjects: Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetic Nephropathies, Diabetic Neuropathies prevention & control, Diabetic Retinopathy prevention & control, Double-Blind Method, Europe epidemiology, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Humans, International Cooperation, Life Style, Linagliptin administration & dosage, Male, Metformin administration & dosage, Middle Aged, Patient Selection, Research Design, Risk Factors, Diabetes Complications drug therapy, Diabetes Complications prevention & control, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Hyperglycemia complications, Microcirculation
Abstract: Objectives: To assess the effects of early management of hyperglycaemia with antidiabetic drugs plus lifestyle intervention compared with lifestyle alone, on microvascular function in adults with pre-diabetes., Methods: Trial design: International, multicenter, randomised, partially double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial., Participants: Males and females aged 45-74 years with IFG, IGT or IFG+IGT, recruited from primary care centres in Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Kuwait, Poland, Serbia, Spain and Turkey., Intervention: Participants were randomized to placebo; metformin 1.700 mg/day; linagliptin 5 mg/day or fixed-dose combination of linagliptin/metformin. All patients were enrolled in a lifestyle intervention program (diet and physical activity). Drug intervention will last 2 years. Primary Outcome: composite end-point of diabetic retinopathy estimated by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Score, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, and skin conductance in feet estimated by the sudomotor index. Secondary outcomes in a subsample include insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, biomarkers of inflammation and fatty liver disease, quality of life, cognitive function, depressive symptoms and endothelial function., Results: One thousand three hundred ninety one individuals with hyperglycaemia were assessed for eligibility, 424 excluded after screening, 967 allocated to placebo, metformin, linagliptin or to fixed-dose combination of metformin + linagliptin. A total of 809 people (91.1%) accepted and initiated the assigned treatment. Study sample after randomization was well balanced among the four groups. No statistical differences for the main risk factors analysed were observed between those accepting or rejecting treatment initiation. At baseline prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 4.2%, severe neuropathy 5.3% and nephropathy 5.7%., Conclusions: ePREDICE is the first -randomized clinical trial with the aim to assess effects of different interventions (lifestyle and pharmacological) on microvascular function in people with pre-diabetes. The trial will provide novel data on lifestyle modification combined with glucose lowering drugs for the prevention of early microvascular complications and diabetes., Registration: - ClinicalTrials.Gov Identifier: NCT03222765 - EUDRACT Registry Number: 2013-000418-39., Competing Interests: the authors received funding from Merck Serono GmbH and Boehringer Ingelheim. This does not alter our adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Published: 2020
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46. Multi-level community interventions for primary stroke prevention: A conceptual approach by the World Stroke Organization.

Author: Brainin M, Feigin V, Bath PM, Collantes E, Martins S, Pandian J, Sacco R, and Teuschl Y
Subjects: Behavior Control, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Dementia economics, Humans, Motivation, Polypharmacy, Risk Factors, Smartphone, Stroke economics, Community Health Workers, Dementia prevention & control, Healthy Lifestyle, Population Groups, Stroke prevention & control
Abstract: Conclusion: An effective primary stroke prevention strategy on a global scale should integrate pharmacological (polypill) and lifestyle modifications (motivational population-wide strategy) interventions. Side effects of such an integrative approach are expected to be minimal and the benefits among individuals at low-to-moderate risk of stroke could be significant. In the future, pragmatic field trials will provide more evidence.
Published: 2019
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47. Poststroke Neurocognitive Disorders Are Mostly Defined by Strategic Lesions.

Author: Brainin M and Teuschl Y
Subjects: Cognition, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Neurocognitive Disorders, Neuroimaging
Published: 2018
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48. Cut stroke in half: Polypill for primary prevention in stroke.

Author: Brainin M, Feigin V, Martins S, Matz K, Roy J, Sandercock P, Teuschl Y, Tuomilehto J, and Wiseman A
Subjects: Humans, Medication Adherence, Primary Prevention, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risk Factors, Stroke epidemiology, Cardiovascular Agents therapeutic use, Drug Combinations, Polypharmacy, Population Groups, Stroke drug therapy
Abstract: This review summarizes the potential for polypill therapies for stroke prevention. While a number of studies applying different approaches regarding polypill have been performed, none of them has had a focus on stroke as the main outcome. A combination pill containing drugs such as statins, diuretics, and other antihypertensives is currently available in various formats. Estimates focusing mostly on primary prevention show that using such a combination drug a reduction in the 5-year stroke incidence by 50% can be achieved - especially in low- and middle-income countries with a high prevalence of risk factors even among people at young ages. A combination of a large supporting population-wide program with a registry-based quality control is the most likely perspective and can be achieved within a reasonable time frame and potentially have significant influence in young stroke populations.
Published: 2018
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49. Systematic dysphagia screening and dietary modifications to reduce stroke-associated pneumonia rates in a stroke-unit.

Author: Teuschl Y, Trapl M, Ratajczak P, Matz K, Dachenhausen A, and Brainin M
Subjects: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Deglutition Disorders etiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia etiology, Deglutition Disorders diagnosis, Deglutition Disorders diet therapy, Pneumonia prevention & control, Stroke complications
Abstract: Background and Purpose: While formal screening for dysphagia following acute stroke is strongly recommended, there is little evidence on how multi-consistency screening and dietary modifications affect the rate of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). This observational study reports which factors affect formal screening on a stroke-unit and how dietary recommendations relate to SAP., Method: Analyses from a database including 1394 patients admitted with acute stroke at our stroke-unit in Austria between 2012 and 2014. Dietary modifications were performed following the recommendations from the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS). Patients evaluated with GUSS were compared to the unscreened patients., Results: Overall, 993 (71.2%) patients were screened with GUSS; of these 50 (5.0%) developed SAP. In the 401 unscreened patients, the SAP rate was similar: 22 (5.5%). Multivariable analysis showed that either mild to very mild strokes or very severe strokes were less likely to undergo formal screening. Older age, pre-existing disability, history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, stroke severity, cardiological and neurological complications, nasogastric tubes, and intubation were significant markers for SAP. Out of 216 patients, 30 (13.9%) developed SAP in spite of receiving nil per mouth (NPO)., Conclusion: The routine use of GUSS is less often applied in either mild strokes or very severe strokes. While most patients with high risk of SAP were identified by GUSS and assigned to NPO, dietary modifications could not prevent SAP in 1 of 7 cases. Other causes of SAP such as silent aspiration, bacteraemia or central breathing disturbances should be considered.
Published: 2018
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50. Preventive effects of multiple domain interventions on lifestyle and risk factor changes in stroke survivors: Evidence from a two-year randomized trial.

Author: Teuschl Y, Matz K, Firlinger B, Dachenhausen A, Tuomilehto J, and Brainin M
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Ischemia prevention & control, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Regression Analysis, Survivors, Treatment Outcome, Health Promotion, Life Style, Risk Reduction Behavior, Secondary Prevention, Stroke prevention & control
Abstract: Background and aim Behavioral and lifestyle interventions in stroke patients need to be intense enough to result in sustainable treatment differences among groups of a randomized trial. Therefore, we report the effects of multidomain interventions on lifestyle and laboratory parameters after 12 and 24 months from a trial that examined whether intensive risk factor management can prevent cognitive decline in ischemic stroke patients. Methods This prospective randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint trial recruited patients within three months after acute stroke in five Austrian neurological clinics during June 2010 and November 2012. One hundred and one patients were randomized into multidomain intervention and 101 into standard care. Lifestyle interventions were individualized to match predefined targets of regular physical activity, healthy diet, and adequate physiological risk factor control. Results A total of 167 participants (80 intervention, 87 control) completed the 12-month visit and 155 (76 intervention, 79 control) the 24-month visit. During the first 12 months, adherence to healthy lifestyle and adequately controlled physiological parameters (measured by summary scores) improved significantly in the intervention group compared to controls (p < 0.01). The consumption of reduced-fat milk (p = 0.031), reduced-fat spreads (p = 0.007), and fish (p = 0.021) increased in the intervention group from baseline to 12 months but not in controls. After 24 months, the group difference was significant for the lifestyle summary score but no longer for the combined laboratory lifestyle score. Conclusions These results demonstrate that intensified individualized multidomain lifestyle interventions in stroke patients are effective in promoting healthy lifestyle in stroke care.
Published: 2017
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