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16 results on '"Tessarolo, Chiara"'

1. Life on the edge: active microbial communities in the Kryos MgCl2-brine basin at very low water activity

Author

Steinle, Lea, Knittel, Katrin, Felber, Nicole, Casalino, Claudia, de Lange, Gert, Tessarolo, Chiara, Stadnitskaia, Alina, Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S, Zopfi, Jakob, Lehmann, Moritz F, Treude, Tina, and Niemann, Helge

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Life Below Water, Bacteria, Biomarkers, Lipids, Magnesium Chloride, Mediterranean Sea, Microbiota, Oxygen, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Salts, Seawater, Sulfates, Sulfides, Water Microbiology, Environmental Sciences, Technology, Biological sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

The Kryos Basin is a deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basin (DHAB) located in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (34.98°N 22.04°E). It is filled with brine of re-dissolved Messinian evaporites and is nearly saturated with MgCl2-equivalents, which makes this habitat extremely challenging for life. The strong density difference between the anoxic brine and the overlying oxic Mediterranean seawater impedes mixing, giving rise to a narrow chemocline. Here, we investigate the microbial community structure and activities across the seawater-brine interface using a combined biogeochemical, next-generation sequencing, and lipid biomarker approach. Within the interface, we detected fatty acids that were distinctly 13C-enriched when compared to other fatty acids. These likely originated from sulfide-oxidizing bacteria that fix carbon via the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle. In the lower part of the interface, we also measured elevated rates of methane oxidation, probably mediated by aerobic methanotrophs under micro-oxic conditions. Sulfate reduction rates increased across the interface and were highest within the brine, providing first evidence that sulfate reducers (likely Desulfovermiculus and Desulfobacula) thrive in the Kryos Basin at a water activity of only ~0.4 Aw. Our results demonstrate that a highly specialized microbial community in the Kryos Basin has adapted to the poly-extreme conditions of a DHAB with nearly saturated MgCl2 brine, extending the known environmental range where microbial life can persist.

Published
2018

4. Life on the edge: active microbial communities in the Kryos MgCl2-brine basin at very low water activity

Author

Marine geochemistry, Geochemistry, Organic geochemistry, General geochemistry, Organic geochemistry & molecular biogeology, Steinle, Lea, Knittel, Katrin, Felber, Nicole, Casalino, Claudia, de Lange, Gert, Tessarolo, Chiara, Stadnitskaia, Alina, Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S., Zopfi, Jakob, Lehmann, Moritz F., Treude, Tina, Niemann, Helge, Marine geochemistry, Geochemistry, Organic geochemistry, General geochemistry, Organic geochemistry & molecular biogeology, Steinle, Lea, Knittel, Katrin, Felber, Nicole, Casalino, Claudia, de Lange, Gert, Tessarolo, Chiara, Stadnitskaia, Alina, Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S., Zopfi, Jakob, Lehmann, Moritz F., Treude, Tina, and Niemann, Helge

Published
2018

5. Geology of Mar Piccolo, Taranto (southern Italy): the physical basis for remediation of a polluted marine area

Author

Lisco, S, Corselli, C, De Giosa, F, Mastronuzzi, G, Moretti, M, Siniscalchi, A, Marchese, F, Bracchi, V, Tessarolo, C, Tursi, A, Tursi, A., CORSELLI, CESARE, MARCHESE, FABIO, BRACCHI, VALENTINA ALICE, TESSAROLO, CHIARA, Lisco, S, Corselli, C, De Giosa, F, Mastronuzzi, G, Moretti, M, Siniscalchi, A, Marchese, F, Bracchi, V, Tessarolo, C, Tursi, A, Tursi, A., CORSELLI, CESARE, MARCHESE, FABIO, BRACCHI, VALENTINA ALICE, and TESSAROLO, CHIARA

Abstract

Four 1:15,000 maps for the coastal area of Mar Piccolo (Taranto, southern Italy) are presented. The study area is a small, sheltered shallow marine basin of about 20 km2, located north of Taranto town. It contains some submarine, karstic freshwater springs (citri) that have determined the development of intensive aquaculture in the past. Now, the Mar Piccolo is a highly polluted area due to the presence of both military and industrial navy docks and various heavy industries located in proximal areas: (i) the ILVA steel plant in Taranto, the largest in Europe; (ii) the ENI oil refinery and (iii) the CEMENTIR, the largest cement and concrete plant in southern Italy. Many studies show that water and sediments are contaminated (heavy metals, isopropyl alcohol, polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB], etc.), and various remediation projects are now in preparation. In this study, we analyze the physical characteristics of the Mar Piccolo environment by producing several maps: a geological map; a geomorphological map; a bathy-morphological map and a map of the thickness of surficial sediment. All these maps are original products focused on the realization of a reliable geological picture for the Mar Piccolo area. They represent the first steps toward the detailed knowledge of the Mar Piccolo physical environment, which we consider to be a fundamental requirement for developing the most appropriate remediation techniques.

Published
2016

6. Seafloor integrity of the Mar Piccolo Basin (Southern Italy): quantifying anthropogenic impact

Author

Bracchi, V, Marchese, F, Savini, A, Chimienti, G, Mastrototaro, F, Tessarolo, C, Cardone, F, Tursi, A, Corselli, C, BRACCHI, VALENTINA ALICE, MARCHESE, FABIO, SAVINI, ALESSANDRA, TESSAROLO, CHIARA, CORSELLI, CESARE, Bracchi, V, Marchese, F, Savini, A, Chimienti, G, Mastrototaro, F, Tessarolo, C, Cardone, F, Tursi, A, Corselli, C, BRACCHI, VALENTINA ALICE, MARCHESE, FABIO, SAVINI, ALESSANDRA, TESSAROLO, CHIARA, and CORSELLI, CESARE

Abstract

The Mar Piccolo Basin is a coastal brackish marine ecosystem located along the northern coast of the Gulf of Taranto (Southern Italy). Despite the ecological relevance of the area (Site of Community Importance IT9130004, Regional Reserve ‘Palude La Vela’ EUAP1189), the entire basin is subjected to intensive human usage. The main activities include extensive mussel farming, important industrial activities, a military harbor and densely populated shores. The goal of our study was to spatially quantify human pressure within the basin and its relationship with biocoenoses. A broad set of data was integrated including acoustic remote data (obtained using a multibeam echosounder and side scan sonar devices), direct observations obtained by SCUBA diving and from a trawled camera, an orthophoto and ESRI® Imagery Basemap. At least eight categories of anthropogenic infrastructure and marks of past and present-day human activities were identified within the Mar Piccolo Basin water column and on the seafloor. These included line farms, pole farms, breeding frame structures, anchoring scars, excavations, buoys, wrecks and undefined traces. Each category was mapped and described using morphometric characterization. The integration of all available data allowed the production of an original map providing the Mar Piccolo seafloor disturbance by anthropogenic impact and an updated distribution of benthic communities, showing their spatial relation. Through the production of a specific thematic map, our work provides the first quantitative assessment of the extent and density of the identified human impact in order to evaluate seafloor integrity.

Published
2016

8. Life on the edge: active microbial communities in the Kryos MgCl2-brine basin at very low water activity.

Author

Steinle, Lea, Knittel, Katrin, Felber, Nicole, Casalino, Claudia, de Lange, Gert, Tessarolo, Chiara, Stadnitskaia, Alina, Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S., Zopfi, Jakob, Lehmann, Moritz F., Treude, Tina, and Niemann, Helge

Abstract

The Kryos Basin is a deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basin (DHAB) located in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (34.98°N 22.04°E). It is filled with brine of re-dissolved Messinian evaporites and is nearly saturated with MgCl2-equivalents, which makes this habitat extremely challenging for life. The strong density difference between the anoxic brine and the overlying oxic Mediterranean seawater impedes mixing, giving rise to a narrow chemocline. Here, we investigate the microbial community structure and activities across the seawater-brine interface using a combined biogeochemical, next-generation sequencing, and lipid biomarker approach. Within the interface, we detected fatty acids that were distinctly 13C-enriched when compared to other fatty acids. These likely originated from sulfide-oxidizing bacteria that fix carbon via the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle. In the lower part of the interface, we also measured elevated rates of methane oxidation, probably mediated by aerobic methanotrophs under micro-oxic conditions. Sulfate reduction rates increased across the interface and were highest within the brine, providing first evidence that sulfate reducers (likely Desulfovermiculus and Desulfobacula) thrive in the Kryos Basin at a water activity of only ~0.4 Aw. Our results demonstrate that a highly specialized microbial community in the Kryos Basin has adapted to the poly-extreme conditions of a DHAB with nearly saturated MgCl2 brine, extending the known environmental range where microbial life can persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
Full Text
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9. Habitat mapping in extreme deep sea environment: geosphere–biosphere interaction in deep anoxic basins

Author

TESSAROLO, CHIARA, MALINVERNO, ELISA, CORSELLI, CESARE, De Lange, GJ, Kotilainen, A, Kaskela, A, Tessarolo, C, Malinverno, E, Corselli, C, and De Lange, G

Subjects
habitat mapping, anoxic basins, GEO/04 - GEOGRAFIA FISICA E GEOMORFOLOGIA
Abstract

The recent exploration of the Mediterranean Ridge area has resulted in the discovery of some of the most extreme deep-sea environments, characterized by peculiar geochemical and physical condition. Tyro Basin was the first deep sea, hypersaline brinefilled, anoxic depression found. This and subsequent structures were named “hypersaline anoxic basins”, having total dissolved salts as high as 500 g/L and sulphide content upto 20 mM/L. The origin of these structures is morphologically connected to the compressive regime of the Mediterranean Ridge, due to the African plate subducting beneath Eurasia. The brine composition and physical characteristics are mainly due to the dissolution of underlying Messinian evaporites. The brines are characterized by the absence of oxygen, the presence of high concentrations of H2S and CH4, and by an extremely sharp seawater/brine interface, thus with a strong density contrast. This interface is a hotspot for a large variety of mostly redox-controled strong bacterial activity. In the last years, different projects have dealt with with the study of those basins. The work has focussed on the reconstruction of drastic composition changes of the water column, the evaluation of the anoxia trends and of the chemical elements concentration, and more recently, thanks to the technical innovations on seafloor mapping, to a progressively more accurate characterization of the shape and structure of the seabed. In the last three years, the Milan–Bicocca University has been responsible for geophysical data acquisition and analysis in the EU Moccha Project (Multidisciplinary study of continental/ocean climate dynamics using high-resolution records from the eastern Mediterranean), whose cruises (Doppio 2008, Macchiato 2009, Ristretto&Lungo 2010–11) allowed the collection of information (Multibeam Echosounder Simrad EM302) on several target areas at the Mediterranean Ridge. The processing and elaboration of the geophysical data allowed a highly detailed and extended morpho-bathymetric characterization of Urania, Atalante, Discovery, Bannock, Medee, Kryos, and Thetis anoxic basins. The coupling of new geophysical information with the biotechnological results of EU BIODEEP Project (Biotechnologies from the Deep: EU Community 2001–2004), also coordinated by Milan–Bicocca University, will be presented in this work as a first approach to a “Habitat Mapping” definition on the extreme anoxic basin environment, suggesting a methodology for subsequent studies on the same area.

Published
2011

12. Habitat mapping in extreme deep sea environment: geosphere–biosphere interaction in deep anoxic basins

Author

Kotilainen, A, Kaskela, A, Tessarolo, C, Malinverno, E, Corselli, C, De Lange, G, TESSAROLO, CHIARA, MALINVERNO, ELISA, CORSELLI, CESARE, De Lange, GJ, Kotilainen, A, Kaskela, A, Tessarolo, C, Malinverno, E, Corselli, C, De Lange, G, TESSAROLO, CHIARA, MALINVERNO, ELISA, CORSELLI, CESARE, and De Lange, GJ

Abstract

The recent exploration of the Mediterranean Ridge area has resulted in the discovery of some of the most extreme deep-sea environments, characterized by peculiar geochemical and physical condition. Tyro Basin was the first deep sea, hypersaline brinefilled, anoxic depression found. This and subsequent structures were named “hypersaline anoxic basins”, having total dissolved salts as high as 500 g/L and sulphide content upto 20 mM/L. The origin of these structures is morphologically connected to the compressive regime of the Mediterranean Ridge, due to the African plate subducting beneath Eurasia. The brine composition and physical characteristics are mainly due to the dissolution of underlying Messinian evaporites. The brines are characterized by the absence of oxygen, the presence of high concentrations of H2S and CH4, and by an extremely sharp seawater/brine interface, thus with a strong density contrast. This interface is a hotspot for a large variety of mostly redox-controled strong bacterial activity. In the last years, different projects have dealt with with the study of those basins. The work has focussed on the reconstruction of drastic composition changes of the water column, the evaluation of the anoxia trends and of the chemical elements concentration, and more recently, thanks to the technical innovations on seafloor mapping, to a progressively more accurate characterization of the shape and structure of the seabed. In the last three years, the Milan–Bicocca University has been responsible for geophysical data acquisition and analysis in the EU Moccha Project (Multidisciplinary study of continental/ocean climate dynamics using high-resolution records from the eastern Mediterranean), whose cruises (Doppio 2008, Macchiato 2009, Ristretto&Lungo 2010–11) allowed the collection of information (Multibeam Echosounder Simrad EM302) on several target areas at the Mediterranean Ridge. The processing and elaboration of the geophysical data allowed a highly detailed

Published
2011

13. Geomorphology of the Vlora Gulf Seafloor: Results from Multibeam and High-Resolution Seismic Data

Author

Savini, A, Corselli, C, Durmishi, C, Marku, S, Morelli, D, Tessarolo, C, SAVINI, ALESSANDRA, CORSELLI, CESARE, TESSAROLO, CHIARA, Savini, A, Corselli, C, Durmishi, C, Marku, S, Morelli, D, Tessarolo, C, SAVINI, ALESSANDRA, CORSELLI, CESARE, and TESSAROLO, CHIARA

Abstract

The present work reports the main results obtained from recent seafloor-mapping activities carried out offshore from south-western Albania. The area explored consists of two distinctive physiographic units: the Vlora Gulf (which is bounded to the west by the Karaburun Peninsula) and the upper continental slope offshore from the western side of the Karaburun Peninsula. Along these areas, 500 km2 of multibeam echo-sounder coverage, about 2500 km of chirp-sonar data, and 200 km2 of side-scan sonar mosaic (100-500 kHz) were acquired. This new acoustic data set was collected by two different oceanographic expeditions, which were carried out in the framework of the Centro Internazionale di Scienze del Mare (CISM) project (supported by Interreg III Italia-Albania), which focused on studying, through a multidisciplinary approach, the geological setting and the ecosystem conditions of a poorly investigated area of the Adriatic Sea, such as the Vlora Gulf. The investigated area incorporates water depths measurements from 5 m down to 57 m, whereas the offshore margin of the Karaburun Peninsula has been investigated down to 900 m water depth. The acquired high-resolution multibeam bathymetry, combined with the described chirp-sonar echo-types, documents how the recent evolution of the Vlora Gulf is strictly dependent on complex, sedimentary dynamics established in this area. Here, the Vjose River is the dominant source of sediment for the continental shelf. We provided evidences that the (Vjose River) sediment distribution is under the control of a complex, local circulation pattern that is defined by the peculiar regional shape of the gulf which is tectonically controlled. The tectonic control on the present-day, sedimentary processes is also evident offshore from the Karaburun Peninsula, along the upper slope, where important resedimentation processes have been recognized and are related to the recent geodynamic evolution of the margin. © 2011 Coastal Education and Research F

Published
2011

14. Geology of Mar Piccolo, Taranto (southern Italy): the physical basis for remediation of a polluted marine area.

Author

Lisco, Stefania, Corselli, Cesare, De Giosa, Francesco, Mastronuzzi, Giuseppe, Moretti, Massimo, Siniscalchi, Agata, Marchese, Fabio, Bracchi, Valentina, Tessarolo, Chiara, and Tursi, Angelo

Subjects
GEOLOGICAL mapping, CONTAMINATED sediments
Abstract

Four 1:15,000 maps for the coastal area of Mar Piccolo (Taranto, southern Italy) are presented. The study area is a small, sheltered shallow marine basin of about 20 km2, located north of Taranto town. It contains some submarine, karstic freshwater springs (citri) that have determined the development of intensive aquaculture in the past. Now, the Mar Piccolo is a highly polluted area due to the presence of both military and industrial navy docks and various heavy industries located in proximal areas: (i) the ILVA steel plant in Taranto, the largest in Europe; (ii) the ENI oil refinery and (iii) the CEMENTIR, the largest cement and concrete plant in southern Italy. Many studies show that water and sediments are contaminated (heavy metals, isopropyl alcohol, polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB], etc.), and various remediation projects are now in preparation. In this study, we analyze the physical characteristics of the Mar Piccolo environment by producing several maps: a geological map; a geomorphological map; a bathy-morphological map and a map of the thickness of surficial sediment. All these maps are original products focused on the realization of a reliable geological picture for the Mar Piccolo area. They represent the first steps toward the detailed knowledge of the Mar Piccolo physical environment, which we consider to be a fundamental requirement for developing the most appropriate remediation techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
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15. CoCoNet: TOWARDS COAST TO COAST NETWORKS OF MARINE PROTECTED AREAS (FROM THE SHORE TO THE HIGH AND DEEP SEA), COUPLED WITH SEA-BASED WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL

Author

Boero, Ferdinando, Foglini, Federica, Fraschetti, Simona, Goriup, Paul, Macpherson, Enrique, Planes, Serge, Soukissian, Takvor, Adiloglu, Baris, Cristens, Gween, Delahaye, Catherine, Gregory, Ignace, Jacques, Sophie, Velkova, Stanislava, Kontogianni, Areti, Tourkolias, Christos, Kollaras, Aggelos, Damigos, Dimitris, Skourtos, Michalis, Bianco, Luisella, Cesarini, Claudia, Aliani, Stefano, Angeletti, Lorenzo, Barbieri, Laura, Beroldo, Raffaella, Falcieri, Francesco, Grande, Valentina, Griffa, Annalisa, Langone, Leonardo, Lazzari, Paolo, Lobato, Tomas, Miserocchi, Stefano, Palama, Daniela, Sclavo, Mauro, Solidoro, Cosimo, Suaria, Giuseppe, Taviani, Marco, Toncini, Annamaria, Trincardi, Fabio, Vichi, Marcello, Chassanite, Aurore, Claudet, Joachim, Feral, Francois, Marill, Laurence, Villa, Elisa, Taquet, Coralie, Boissin, Emilie, Mangialajo, Luisa, Bottin, Lorraine, Paravicini, Valeriano, Baksay, Sandra, Neglia, Valentina, Legoff, Marion, Dinoi, Alessia, Sahyoun, Rita, Bitetto, Isabella, Lembo, Giuseppe, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Aglieri, Giorgio, Albano, Gabriele, Albano, Orazio, Arena, Giuseppe, Asnaghi, Valentina, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Belmonte, Genuario, Cecchi, Lisandro Benedetti, Bevilacqua, Stanislao, Bo, Marzia, Boscari, Elisa, Bulleri, Fabio, Calculli, Crescenza, Capezzuto, Francesca, Capone, Antonio, Carlucci, Roberto, Carluccio, Angela, Casagrandi, Renato, Vietti, Riccardo Cattaneo, Chiantore, Mariachiara, Chimienti, Giovanni, Ciardo, Lucia, Congiu, Leonardo, Corselli, Cesare, Cutrona, Annibale, D'Onghia, Gianfranco, Dal Bello, Martina, Mura, Ilaria Dalle, De Leo, Francesco, De Leo, Giulio, De Vito, Doris, Di Bella, Marco, Di Camillo, Cristina Gioia, Di Mauro, Maria, Fai, Sergio, Farella, Giulio, Forin, Niccolo, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Gatto, Marino, Ghermandi, Andrea, Giangrande, Elisa, Granata, Antonia, Gravili, Cinzia, Guarnieri, Giuseppe, Guglielmo, Letterio, Ingrosso, Gianmarco, Laggini, Maddalena, Liparoto, Anita, Lusardi, Richard, Maggi, Elena, Maiorano, Porzia, Mariani, Patrizio, Marino, Ilaria, Hernandez, Luis Felipe Martell, Mastrototaro, Francesco, Melia, Paco, Miglietta, Anna Maria, Moscatello, Salvatore, Mossa, Michele, Nutricato, Raffaele, Pansera, Marco, Papetti, Chiara, Patarnello, Tomaso, Paterno, Marta, Petrillo, Antonio, Piraino, Stefano, Piscitelli, Arcangelo, Procaccini, Gabriele, Rattray, Alex, Rizzo, Lucia, Valdes, Lina Pila Rodriguez, Rossetto, Marisa, Savini, Alessandra, Schiavina, Marcello, Scovazzi, Tullio, Sion, Letizia, Tamburello, Laura, Tani, Ilaria, Terlizzi, Antonio, Tessarolo, Chiara, Tursi, Angelo, Uttieri, Marco, Vertino, Agostina, Zambianchi, Enrico, Zane, Lorenzo, Addamo, Anna Maria, Andre, Michel, Ballesteros, Enrique, Cebrian, Emma, Coma, Rafael, Garcia Cisneros, Alex, Garcia-Rubies, Antoni, Guardiola, Magdalena, Lopez Marquez, Violeta, Machordom, Annie, Markandya, Anil, Ojea, Elena, Palacin, Creu, Pascual, Marta, Perez-Portela, Rocio, Ribes, Marta, Schunter, Celia, Serrano, Eduard, Templado, Jose, Carreras, Carlos, Tomas, Fiona, Turon, Xavier, Uriz, Iosune, Wangensteen, Owen, Christensen, Asbjorn, Kiorboe, Thomas, Sorensen, Thomas Kirk, Balan, Sorin, Begun, Tatiana, Briceag, Andrei, Dinu, Irina, Dulu, Florin, Ion, Gabriel, Jipa, Elena Ion Dan Constantin, Melinte, Mihaela, Muresan, Mihaela, Olteanu, Ana, Opreanu, Gheorghe, Panin, Nicolae, Popa, Adrian, Radan, Silviu, Secrieru, Dan-Mihai, Stanica, Adrian, Teaca, Adrian, Vasiliu, Dan, Bray, Laura, Anastasopoulou, Aikaterini, Kokkali, Athina, Assimakopoulou, Georgia, Voutsinas, Emanuela, Kontoyannis, Harilaos, Zervoudaki, Soultana, Pavlidou, Aleka, Axaopoloulos, Panagiotis, Karathanasi, Flora, Drakopoulou, Paraskevi, Katsanevakis, Stelios, Krassakopoulou, Eva, Kyriakidou, Hara, Papadopoulou, Maria Antonietta Pancucci, Papadopoulos, Anastasios, Papadopoulos, Vassilis, Papathanassiou, Vangelis, Petros, Pavlakis, Prospathopoulos, Aristidis, Reizopoulou, Sofia, Sakellariou, Dimitris, Salomidi, Maria, Vassilopoulou, Celia, Voukouvalas, Evangelos, Zanou, Veta, Berov, Dimitar, Daskalov, Georgi M., Deyanova, Diana, Dimov, Kuzman, Georgieva, Ioanna, Hiebaum, Georgi, Karamfilov, Ventzislav, Klayn, Stefania, Vassilev, Vassil, Vrabcheva, Yana, Macic, Vesna, Lucic, Davor, Pestoric, Branka, Alexandrov, Vladimir, Boltacheva, Nataliya, Bondareva, Liliya, Ignatyev, Sergey, Kolesnikova, Elena, Kovardakov, Sergey, Milchakova, Nataliya, Mironova, Nataliya, Nevrova, Elena, Pankeeva, Tatyana, Revkov, Nikolay, Sergeeva, Nelli, Shakhmatova, Olga, Tereshchenko, Nataliya, Zaika, Viktor, Deudero, Salud, Fort, Joan, Vazquez-Luis, Maite, Goni, Raquel, Aleksandrov, Borys, Minicheva, Galina, Ben Souissi, Jamila, Ghanem, Raouia, Rifi, Mouna, Zaouali, Jeanne, Anton, Eugen, Boicenco, Laura, Buga, Luminita, Coatu, Valentina, Golumbeanu, Mariana, Lazar, Luminita, Malciu, Viorel, Mateescu, Razvan, Micu, Dragos, Mihailov, Emanuela-Maria, Nenciu, Magda, Nicolaev, Simion, Niculescu, Dragos, Nita, Victor, Oros, Andra, Sarbu, Gheorghe, Spinu, Alina, Tiganov, George, Timofte, Florin, Zaharia, Tania, Dimitrov, Lyobomir, Ivanova, Petya, Todorova, Valentina, Panayotova, Marina, Doncheva, Valentina, Kotsev, Ilian, Prodanov, Bogdan, Galil, Bella, Ramdani, Mohamed, Elkhiati, Najat, Turan, Yelda Aktan, Eryalcin, Nur Eda Topcu, Keskin, Cetin, Ozturk, Bayram, Ozturk, Ayaka Amaha, Tonay, Arda M., Topaloglu, Bulent, Baykal, Cuneyt, Cihan, Sinem, Salihoglu, Bettina Fach, Gucu, Ali Cemal, Guler, Gokhan, Karahar, Arzu, Kideys, Alison, Kideys, Ahmet Erkan, Kirezci, Cagil, Kocac, Mustafa, Orek, Hasan, Ozturk, Destan, Ozyurt, Gulizar, Tezcan, Devrim, Yalciner, Ahmet, Yalciner, Bora, Zenginer, Arife, Barabanov, Vladyslav, Malinovsky, Vladimir, Motyzhova, Lyudmila, Beal, Stephen, Brown, Alison, Creed, Barbara, Haynes, Tom, Sanders, Natalie, Strike, Laurie, Arabidze, Marine, Chitanava, Ramaz, Kishinski, Lasha, Kordzakhia, George, Smadja, Charles, Bobylev, Leonid P., Davy, Richard, Gnatyuk, Natalia, Korosov, Anton, Pettersson, Lasse H., Pozdnyakov, Dmitry, Sandven, Stein, Gogoberidze, Georgy, Karlin, Lev, Mamaeva, Maria, Mikaelyan, Alexander, Shiganova, Tamara, Gagarin, Vladimir, Stupnikova, Alexandra, Sivkovich, Anastasia, Lifanchuk, Anna, Anohkina, Ludmila, Rebetsky, Alexander, Melnikov, Ivan, Meerov, Mark, Lukasheva, Taisia, Chasovnikov, Valerii, Podymova, Olga, Kubrikova, Natalia, Lus, Valentina, Musaeva, Eteri, Zasko, Daria, Pautova, Larisa, Dyakonov, Vladimir, Bat, Levent, Sezgin, Murat, Soria, Patricia Bueno, Rodriguez, Inigo Losada, Mendez, M. J., Menendez, Melisa, Perez, Jorge, Cotera Rim, Bouzgarrou, Kostyliov, Eduard, Leposhkin, Oleksandr, Lisovskyi, Richard, Bratchenko, Olga, Ivchenko, Evgeny, Turina, Veronika, Kruglov, Artem, Neprokin, Oleksandr, Kruschel, Claudia, Cizmek, Hrvoje, Kanski, Danijel, Belosevic, Mirko, Frleta, Darko, Petricioli, Donat, Schultz, Stewart, Beqiraj, Sajmir, Nasto, Ina, Zuna, Violeta, Hajderi, Edmond, Evans, Julian, Schembri, Patrick J., Terribile, Kimberly, Arnold, Kristin, Braun, Daniel, Czybulka, Detlef, Homuth, Jessica, Schachtner, Eva, Dobrev, Bojil, Staneva, Joanna, Novakova, Irina, Dineva, Blagovesta, Ballerini, Tosca, Bellomo, Lucio, Berline, Leo, Chan, Fabienne, Costa, Andrea, Doglioli, Andrea, Molcard, Anne, Petrenko, Anne, Rammou, Anna-Maria, Boero, Ferdinando, Foglini, Federica, Fraschetti, Simona, Goriup, Paul, Macpherson, Enrique, Planes, Serge, Soukissian, Takvor, Adiloglu, Bari, Cristens, Gween, Delahaye, Catherine, Gregory, Ignace, Jacques, Sophie, Velkova, Stanislava, Kontogianni, Areti, Tourkolias, Christo, Kollaras, Aggelo, Damigos, Dimitri, Skourtos, Michali, Bianco, Luisella, Cesarini, Claudia, Aliani, Stefano, Angeletti, Lorenzo, Barbieri, Laura, Beroldo, Raffaella, Falcieri, Francesco, Grande, Valentina, Griffa, Annalisa, Langone, Leonardo, Lazzari, Paolo, Lobato, Toma, Miserocchi, Stefano, Palama, Daniela, Sclavo, Mauro, Solidoro, Cosimo, Suaria, Giuseppe, Taviani, Marco, Toncini, Annamaria, Trincardi, Fabio, Vichi, Marcello, Chassanite, Aurore, Claudet, Joachim, Feral, Francoi, Marill, Laurence, Villa, Elisa, Taquet, Coralie, Boissin, Emilie, Mangialajo, Luisa, Bottin, Lorraine, Paravicini, Valeriano, Baksay, Sandra, Neglia, Valentina, Legoff, Marion, Dinoi, Alessia, Sahyoun, Rita, Bitetto, Isabella, Lembo, Giuseppe, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Aglieri, Giorgio, Albano, Gabriele, Albano, Orazio, Arena, Giuseppe, Asnaghi, Valentina, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Belmonte, Genuario, Cecchi, Lisandro Benedetti, Bevilacqua, Stanislao, Bo, Marzia, Boscari, 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Subjects
Connectivity, Computer Networks and Communications, Networks of Marine Protected Area, Biodiversity, Black Sea, Connectivity, Economic valuation, Ecosystem functioning, Marine Spatial Planning, Mediterranean Sea, Networks of Marine Protected Areas, Offshore Wind Farms, Wind energy, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Offshore Wind Farms, Conservation, Information System, Biodiversity, Offshore Wind Farm, Library and Information Sciences, Black Sea, Economic valuation, Ecosystem functioning, Marine Spatial Planning, Mediterranean Sea, Networks of Marine Protected Areas, Wind energy, Information Systems, Computer Networks and Communication, Networks of Marine Protected Areas, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Biodiversity, Ecosystem functioning, Connectivity, Wind energy, Offshore Wind Farms, Marine Spatial Planning, Economic valuation
Abstract

This volume contains the main results of the EC FP7 “The Ocean of Tomorrow” Project CoCoNet, divided in two sections: 1) a set of guidelines to design networks of Marine Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and the Black Seas; 2) a smart wind chart that will allow evaluating the possibility of installing Offshore Wind Farms in both seas. The concept of Cells of Ecosystem Functioning, based on connectivity, is introduced to define natural units of management and conservation. The definition of Good Environmental Status, as defined in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, is fully embraced to set the objectives of the project, by adopting a holistic approach that integrates a full set of disciplines, ranging from physics to bio-ecology, economics, engineering and many sub-disciplines. The CoCoNet Consortium involved scientists from 22 states, based in Africa, Asia, and Europe, contributing to build a coherent scientific community.

16. Life on the edge: active microbial communities in the Kryos MgCl 2 -brine basin at very low water activity.

Author

Steinle L, Knittel K, Felber N, Casalino C, de Lange G, Tessarolo C, Stadnitskaia A, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Zopfi J, Lehmann MF, Treude T, and Niemann H

Subjects
Biomarkers metabolism, Lipids chemistry, Mediterranean Sea, Oxygen chemistry, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S chemistry, Sulfates chemistry, Sulfides chemistry, Bacteria, Magnesium Chloride chemistry, Microbiota, Salts chemistry, Seawater microbiology, Water Microbiology
Abstract

The Kryos Basin is a deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basin (DHAB) located in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (34.98°N 22.04°E). It is filled with brine of re-dissolved Messinian evaporites and is nearly saturated with MgCl 2 -equivalents, which makes this habitat extremely challenging for life. The strong density difference between the anoxic brine and the overlying oxic Mediterranean seawater impedes mixing, giving rise to a narrow chemocline. Here, we investigate the microbial community structure and activities across the seawater-brine interface using a combined biogeochemical, next-generation sequencing, and lipid biomarker approach. Within the interface, we detected fatty acids that were distinctly 13 C-enriched when compared to other fatty acids. These likely originated from sulfide-oxidizing bacteria that fix carbon via the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle. In the lower part of the interface, we also measured elevated rates of methane oxidation, probably mediated by aerobic methanotrophs under micro-oxic conditions. Sulfate reduction rates increased across the interface and were highest within the brine, providing first evidence that sulfate reducers (likely Desulfovermiculus and Desulfobacula) thrive in the Kryos Basin at a water activity of only ~0.4 A w . Our results demonstrate that a highly specialized microbial community in the Kryos Basin has adapted to the poly-extreme conditions of a DHAB with nearly saturated MgCl 2 brine, extending the known environmental range where microbial life can persist.

Published
2018
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