40 results on '"Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie"'
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2. ‘First of all, I need training’: a qualitative study evaluating the Fiji community health worker training program
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Thio, Samuel, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Patel, Bindu, Vakaloloma, Unise, Wilson, Colleen, and Joshi, Rohina
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- 2024
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3. Prevalence of vicarious trauma, depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, and resilience among the Tigrayan diaspora in Australia: A cross-sectional study following the Tigray conflict
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Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Tesfamicael, Kiflu Gebremicael, Mwanri, Lillian, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, Gebremariam, Kidane, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Hailu, Semira, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, Miruts, Kalayu, Musker, Michael, Tekle, Dejen, Woldegiorgis, Mulu, and Ward, Paul
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- 2025
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4. Socio-demographic correlates of unhealthy lifestyle in Ethiopia: a secondary analysis of a national survey
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Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, Koye, Digsu N., Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ahmed, Kedir Y., Assefa, Yibeltal, Erku, Daniel Asfaw, Tegegn, Henok Getachew, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Zeleke, Berihun Megabiaw, and Melaku, Yohannes Adama
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- 2023
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5. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
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Barber, Ryan M, Fullman, Nancy, Sorensen, Reed J D, Bollyky, Thomas, McKee, Martin, Nolte, Ellen, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abdurahman, Ahmed Abdulahi, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraham, Biju, Abreha, Girmatsion Fisseha, Adane, Kelemework, Adelekan, Ademola Lukman, Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Arnav, Agarwal, Sanjay Kumar, Agarwal, Sunilkumar, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alexander, Lily, Ali, Raghib, Ali, Syed Danish, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amo-Adjei, Joshu, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anderson, Benjamin O, Androudi, Sofia, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Assadi, Reza, Astatkie, Ayalew, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atique, Suleman, Atnafu, Niguse Tadele, Atre, Sachin R, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayele, Nebiyu Negussu, Azzopardi, Peter, Saleem, Huda Omer Ba, Bärnighausen, Till, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Barrero, Lope H, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Baye, Kaleab, Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabé, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Beyene, Tariku Jibat, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Bose, Dipan, Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Butt, Zahid A, Cárdenas, Rosario, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Car, Josip, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cecilio, Pedro, Cercy, Kelly, Charlson, Fiona J, Chen, Alan Z, Chew, Adrienne, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Coggeshall, Megan S, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A, Dalal, Koustuv, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, das Neves, Jose, Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, Del Gobbo, Liana C, del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L, Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E, Dubey, Manisha, Ehrenkranz, Rebecca, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal, Enayati, Ahmadali, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Fürst, Thomas, Faghmous, Imad D A, Fanuel, Fanuel Belayneh Bekele, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G, Fernandes, João C, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Fleming, Thomas D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Franklin, Richard C, Frostad, Joseph, G/hiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gao, Wayne, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebre, Teshome, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremichael, Mengistu Welday, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Gelaye, Amha Admasie, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Gibney, Katherine B, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W, Gold, Audra, Goldberg, Ellen M, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Graetz, Nicholas, Greaves, Felix, Griswold, Max, Guban, Peter Imre, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hakuzimana, Alex, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J, Hay, Simon I, Hendrie, Delia, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W, Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J, Huntley, Bethany M, Huynh, Chantal, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Innos, Kaire, Irenso, Asnake Ararsa, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, James, Peter, James, Spencer Lewis, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayaraman, Sudha P, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, John, Denny, Johnson, Catherine, Johnson, Sarah C, Jonas, Jost B, Juel, Knud, Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kerbo, Amene Abebe, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khonelidze, Irma, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolk, Anneli, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Krohn, Kristopher J, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kumsa, Fekede Asefa, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lager, Anton Carl Jonas, Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M, Lansingh, Van C, Larson, Heidi J, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena Beatriz, Leasher, Janet L, Leigh, James, Leinsalu, Mall, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Patrick, Liu, Yang, Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D, Lorch, Scott A, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C, Marcenes, Wagner, Marks, Guy B, Marquez, Neal, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, Massano, João, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, McNellan, Claire, Meaney, Peter A, Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Memish, Ziad A, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mengiste, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistie, Mubarek Abera, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Mensah, George A, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Mills, Edward J, Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mock, Charles N, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohanty, Sanjay K, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen Liddell D, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Moses, Mark, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B, Nagata, Chie, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Negoi, Ionut, Neupane, Sudan Prasad, Newton, Charles R, Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Nguyen, Grant, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olivares, Pedro R, Olsen, Helen E, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H, Osman, Majdi, Owolabi, Mayowa O, PA, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda W, Pakhale, Smita, Castillo, Elizabeth Palomares, Pana, Adrian, Papachristou, Christina, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Paul, Vinod K, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D, Prakash, V, Purwar, Manorama, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quistberg, D Alex, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Rankin, Zane, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Rao, Puja C, Rawaf, Salman, Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago, Reitsma, Marissa, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Rokni, Mohammad Bagher, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Nawal K, Sachdev, Perminder S, Sackey, Ben Benasco, Saeedi, Mohammad Yahya, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sandar, Logan, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Milicevic, Milena M Santric, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete I, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Seedat, Soraya, Seid, Abdulbasit Musa, Seifu, Canaan Negash, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serdar, Berrin, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Setegn, Tesfaye, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakh-Nazarova, Marina, Shamsipour, Mansour, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Shi, Peilin, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G, Sibamo, Ephrem Lejore Sibamo, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Virendra, Sinke, Abiy Hiruye, Sinshaw, Aklilu Endalamaw, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, Alison, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soneji, Samir, Soriano, Joan B, Sousa, Tatiane Cristina Moraes, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Stranges, Saverio, Strong, Mark, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sturua, Lela, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sun, Jiandong, Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Taffere, Getachew Redae, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tarajia, Musharaf, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Teeple, Stephanie, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekelab, Tesfalidet, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Shifa, Girma Temam, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Thakur, JS, Thomson, Alan J, Tillmann, Taavi, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tortajada, Miguel, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thomas, Tura, Abera Kenay, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A, van Boven, Job F M, Van Dingenen, Rita, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wagner, Joseph A, Wakayo, Tolassa, Waller, Stephen G, Walson, Judd L, Wang, Haidong, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Watkins, David A, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Wen, Chi-Pang, Werdecker, Andrea, Wesana, Joshua, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D A, Won, Sungho, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yaghoubi, Mohsen, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos, Zapata, Tomas, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoeckler, Leo, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, and Murray, Christopher J L
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- 2017
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6. Evolution and patterns of global health financing 1995–2014: development assistance for health, and government, prepaid private, and out-of-pocket health spending in 184 countries
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Dieleman, Joseph, Campbell, Madeline, Chapin, Abigail, Eldrenkamp, Erika, Fan, Victoria Y, Haakenstad, Annie, Kates, Jennifer, Liu, Yingying, Matyasz, Taylor, Micah, Angela, Reynolds, Alex, Sadat, Nafis, Schneider, Matthew T, Sorensen, Reed, Evans, Tim, Evans, David, Kurowski, Christoph, Tandon, Ajay, Abbas, Kaja M, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Alam, Khurshid, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awasthi, Ashish, Barac, Aleksandra, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Beyene, Tariku Jibat, Birungi, Charles, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catalia-Lopez, Ferran, Dalal, Koustuv, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, de Jager, Pieter, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dubey, Manisha, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, Andre, Feigl, Andrea B, Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph Robert Anderson, Foigt, Nataliya, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gupta, Rahul, Hamidi, Samer, Harb, Hilda L, Hay, Simon I, Hendrie, Delia, Horino, Masako, Jürisson, Mikk, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Javanbakht, Mehdi, John, Denny, Jonas, Jost B, Karimi, Seyed M., Khang, Young-Ho, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinge, Jonas M, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kumar, G Anil, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Masiye, Felix, Meier, Toni, Meretoja, Atte, Miller, Ted R, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mohammed, Shafiu, Nangia, Vinay, Olgiati, Stefano, Osman, Abdalla Sidahmed, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Patel, Tejas, Caicedo, Angel J Paternina, Pereira, David M, Perelman, Julian, Polinder, Suzanne, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Salama, Joseph, Savic, Miloje, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Shrime, Mark G, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Ao, Braden J Te, Tediosi, Fabrizio, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Thomson, Alan J, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Vasankari, Tommi, Violante, Francesco S, Werdecker, Andrea, Wijeratne, Tissa, Xu, Gelin, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, and Murray, Christopher J L
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- 2017
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7. Future and potential spending on health 2015–40: development assistance for health, and government, prepaid private, and out-of-pocket health spending in 184 countries
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Dieleman, Joseph L, Campbell, Madeline, Chapin, Abigail, Eldrenkamp, Erika, Fan, Victoria Y, Haakenstad, Annie, Kates, Jennifer, Li, Zhiyin, Matyasz, Taylor, Micah, Angela, Reynolds, Alex, Sadat, Nafis, Schneider, Matthew T, Sorensen, Reed, Abbas, Kaja M, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Alam, Khurshid, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awasthi, Ashish, Barac, Aleksandra, Berheto, Tezera Moshago, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Beyene, Tariku Jibat, Birungi, Charles, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catalia-Lopez, Ferran, Dalal, Koustuv, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dubey, Manisha, Faro, Andé, Feigl, Andrea B, Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R Anderson, Foigt, Nataliya, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gupta, Rahul, Hamidi, Samer, Harb, Hilda L, Hay, Simon I, Hendrie, Delia, Horino, Masako, Jürisson, Mikk, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Javanbakht, Mehdi, John, Denny, Jonas, Jost B, Karimi, Seyed M, Khang, Young-Ho, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinge, Jonas M, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kumar, G Anil, Leung, Ricky, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Meretoja, Atte, Miller, Ted R, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mohammed, Shafiu, Molla, Gedefaw, Nangia, Vinay, Olgiati, Stefano, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Patel, Tejas, Caicedo, Angel J Paternina, Pereira, David M, Perelman, Julian, Polinder, Suzanne, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Savic, Miloje, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Ao, Braden J Te, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Thomson, Alan J, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Vargas, Veronica, Vasankari, Tommi, Violante, Francesco S, Wijeratne, Tissa, Xu, Gelin, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, and Murray, Christopher J L
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- 2017
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8. A qualitative study of drivers of psychoactive substance use among Mekelle University students, Northern Ethiopia
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Kahsay, Znabu Hadush, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, and Bazzano, Alessandra N.
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- 2019
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9. “We just have to help”: Community health workers' informal task-shifting and task-sharing practices for hypertension and diabetes care in Nigeria
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Ajisegiri, Whenayon Simeon, primary, Abimbola, Seye, additional, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, additional, Odusanya, Olumuyiwa O., additional, Peiris, David, additional, and Joshi, Rohina, additional
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- 2023
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10. Improving the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases through primary health care in Ethiopia
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Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie
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Africa ,Community health worker program ,4203 Health services and systems ,Non-communicable diseases ,Ethiopia ,Primary health care - Abstract
Mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Africa will overtake combined mortality from communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases by 2030. Despite global declarations on the need for comprehensive primary health care (PHC) to address NCDs, the policy responses of African nations have been limited. In this thesis, I conduct a mixed methods study to assess the capacity of PHC systems to improve the prevention and management of NCDs in Africa, with a focus on Ethiopia. Section 1 summarises the NCD burden in Africa and provides an overview of the Ethiopian health system. Section 2 comprises Chapters 1 and 2. Chapter 1 maps progress against World Health Organization (WHO) targets for NCD care in the 47 countries of the WHO African Region. No country has met all recommended targets, and seven have met no targets. In Chapter 2, I propose priority areas to address these gaps, including (i) enhanced political commitment; (ii) service redesign; (iii) workforce capacity strengthening; (iv) improved treatment protocols; (v) comprehensive resource gap analysis; (vi) large-scale implementation; and (vii) support from multilateral institutions. In Section 3, which comprises Chapters 3–5, I focus on Ethiopia. Chapter 3 presents an in-depth qualitative study that corroborates the Chapter 1 findings, highlighting health system governance challenges to strengthening PHC (limited political commitment, inter-sectoral coordination and funding) combined with operational constraints (an insufficiently skilled and supported PHC workforce, fragmented information systems, and inadequate equipment and medicines). Chapter 4 presents a multi-level analysis of the National Ethiopia Health Extension Program (HEP) Survey. The analysis showed that provision of essential non-NCD HEP services was both positively and negatively associated with NCD service provision. In Chapter 5, I assess NCD training, supervision and performance appraisal for health extension workers (HEWs). I found variable quality in NCD training for HEWs and supervisors; inconsistent and somewhat punitive supervision practices; and non-transparent performance appraisal, which has led to HEW de-motivation. In Section 4, I synthesise all study findings and discuss the policy implications for Ethiopia and Africa more broadly. I also appraise the opportunities to strengthen NCD service delivery in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus disease pandemic and the ongoing civil war in Ethiopia. I conclude with recommendations for future research and policy to increase Ethiopia’s capacity to provide comprehensive PHC that includes NCD care.
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- 2023
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11. Community health extension workers’ training and supervision in Ethiopia: Exploring impact and implementation challenges for non-communicable disease service delivery
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Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, primary, Peiris, David, additional, Abimbola, Seye, additional, Ajisegiri, Whenayon S., additional, Narasimhan, Padmanesan, additional, Mulugeta, Afework, additional, and Joshi, Rohina, additional
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- 2022
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12. Patterns of Psychoactive Substance Misuse in Undergraduate University Students: The Case of Mekelle University, Ethiopia
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Kahsay, Znabu Hadush, primary, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, additional, Tesfa, Ferehiwot Hailemariam, additional, Gebretsadkan, Bisrat Tewelde, additional, Hagos Gebretsadik, Welday, additional, and Hackett, Maree L., additional
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- 2022
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13. It is not all about salary: a discrete-choice experiment to determine community health workers’ motivation for work in Nigeria
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Ajisegiri, Whenayon Simeon, primary, Peiris, David, additional, Abimbola, Seye, additional, Odusanya, Olumuyiwa O, additional, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, additional, Joshi, Rohina, additional, and Angell, Blake, additional
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- 2022
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14. The organisation of primary health care service delivery for non-communicable diseases in Nigeria: A case-study analysis
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Ajisegiri, Whenayon Simeon, primary, Abimbola, Seye, additional, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, additional, Odusanya, Olumuyiwa O., additional, Peiris, David, additional, and Joshi, Rohina, additional
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- 2022
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15. Exploring complementary and competitive relations between non-communicable disease services and other health extension programme services in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis
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Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, primary, Peiris, David, additional, Joshi, Rohina, additional, Abimbola, Seye, additional, Fentaye, Fasil Walelign, additional, Teklu, Alula M, additional, and Kinfu, Yohannes, additional
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- 2022
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16. Socio-demographic correlates of unhealthy lifestyle in Ethiopia: a secondary analysis of a national survey
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Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, primary, Koye, Digsu N., additional, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, additional, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, additional, Assefa, Yibeltal, additional, Erku, Daniel Asfaw, additional, Tegegn, Henok Getachew, additional, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, additional, Zeleke, Berihun Megabiaw, additional, and Melaku, Yohannes Adama, additional
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- 2022
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17. The impact of war on the health system of the Tigray region in Ethiopia: a response to complaints
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Gesesew, Hailay, primary, Berhane, Kiros, additional, Siraj, Elias S, additional, Siraj, Dawd, additional, Gebregziabher, Mulugeta, additional, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, additional, Siraj, Amir, additional, Aregawi, Maru, additional, Gezahegn, Selome, additional, and Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, additional
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- 2022
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18. The COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare systems in Africa: a scoping review of preparedness, impact and response
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Tessema, Gizachew A, primary, Kinfu, Yohannes, additional, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, additional, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, additional, Assefa, Yibeltal, additional, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, additional, Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, additional, Ayalew, Mohammed Biset, additional, Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M, additional, Bali, Ayele Geleto, additional, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, additional, Duko, Bereket, additional, Erku, Daniel, additional, Gebrekidan, Kahsu, additional, Gebremariam, Kidane Tadesse, additional, Gebremichael, Lemlem Gebremedhin, additional, Gebreyohannes, Eyob Alemayehu, additional, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, additional, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, additional, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, additional, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, additional, Meazew, Maereg Wagnew, additional, Mekonnen, Alemayehu, additional, Mirkuzie, Alemnesh H., additional, Mohammed, Hassen, additional, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, additional, and Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, additional
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- 2021
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19. Aligning policymaking in decentralized health systems: Evaluation of strategies to prevent and control non-communicable diseases in Nigeria
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Ajisegiri, Whenayon Simeon, primary, Abimbola, Seye, additional, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, additional, Odusanya, Olumuyiwa O., additional, Ojji, Dike B., additional, Peiris, David, additional, and Joshi, Rohina, additional
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- 2021
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20. The impact of war on the health system of the Tigray region in Ethiopia: an assessment
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Gesesew, Hailay, primary, Berhane, Kiros, additional, Siraj, Elias S, additional, Siraj, Dawd, additional, Gebregziabher, Mulugeta, additional, Gebre, Yemane Gebremariam, additional, Gebreslassie, Samuel Aregay, additional, Amdeslassie, Fasika, additional, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, additional, Siraj, Amir, additional, Aregawi, Maru, additional, Gezahegn, Selome, additional, and Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, additional
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- 2021
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21. Health system capacity and readiness for delivery of integrated non-communicable disease services in primary health care: A qualitative analysis of the Ethiopian experience
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Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, primary, Abimbola, Seye, additional, Mulugeta, Afework, additional, Ajisegiri, Whenayon S., additional, Narasimhan, Padmanesan, additional, Joshi, Rohina, additional, and Peiris, David, additional
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- 2021
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22. Reorienting and rebuilding the health system in war-torn Tigray, Ethiopia
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Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, primary and Kinfu, Yohannes, additional
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- 2021
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23. COVID-19 in Ethiopia: a geospatial analysis of vulnerability to infection, case severity and death
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Alene, Kefyalew Addis, primary, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, additional, Fetene, Dagnachew Muluye, additional, Koye, Digsu N., additional, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, additional, Gesesew, Hailay, additional, Birhanu, Mulugeta Molla, additional, Adane, Akilew Awoke, additional, Muluneh, Muluken Dessalegn, additional, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, additional, Abrha, Solomon, additional, Aregay, Atsede, additional, Ayele, Asnakew Achaw, additional, Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M, additional, Gebremariam, Kidane Tadesse, additional, Gebremedhin, Tesfaye, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, additional, Gebremichael, Lemlem, additional, Geleto, Ayele Bali, additional, Kassahun, Habtamu Tilahun, additional, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, additional, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, additional, Mekonnen, Alemayehu, additional, Mirkuzie, Alemnesh H., additional, Mohammed, Hassen, additional, Tegegn, Henok Getachew, additional, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, additional, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, additional, Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse, additional, and Kinfu, Yohannes, additional
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- 2021
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24. Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: a systematic review
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Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, primary, Koye, Digsu Negese, additional, Fetene, Dagnachew Muluye, additional, Woldegiorgis, Mulu, additional, Kinfu, Yohannes, additional, Geleto, Ayele Bali, additional, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, additional, Mohammed, Hassen, additional, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, additional, Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew, additional, Birhanu, Mulugeta Molla, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, additional, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, additional, Shifti, Desalegn Markos, additional, Muluneh, Muluken Dessalegn, additional, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, additional, Abrha, Solomon, additional, Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, additional, Ayalew, Mohammed Biset, additional, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, additional, Gebremariam, Kidane Tadesse, additional, Gebremedhin, Tesfaye, additional, Gebremichael, Lemlem, additional, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, additional, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, additional, Meazaw, Maereg Wagnew, additional, Mekonnen, Alemayehu Berhane, additional, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, additional, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, additional, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, additional, Tesfaye, Wubshet, additional, Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse, additional, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, additional, and Adane, Akilew Awoke, additional
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- 2021
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25. How well are non-communicable disease services being integrated into primary health care in Africa: A review of progress against World Health Organization’s African regional targets
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Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, primary, Ajisegiri, Whenayon Simeon, additional, Abimbola, Seye, additional, Balane, Christine, additional, Kengne, Andre Pascal, additional, Shiferaw, Fassil, additional, Dangou, Jean-Marie, additional, Narasimhan, Padmanesan, additional, Joshi, Rohina, additional, and Peiris, David, additional
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- 2020
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26. Trends in future health financing and coverage: future health spending and universal health coverage in 188 countries, 2016–40
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Dieleman, Joseph L, Sadat, Nafis, Chang, Angela Y, Fullman, Nancy, Abbafati, Cristiana, Acharya, Pawan, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, Alam, Khurshid, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'A, Ammar, Walid, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Aremu, Olatunde, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Ayer, Rakesh, Badali, Hamid, Banach, Maciej, Banstola, Amrit, Barac, Aleksandra, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Birungi, Charles, Bragazzi, Nicola L, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Car, Josip, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chapin, Abigail, Chen, Catherine S, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daryani, Ahmad, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dubey, Manisha, Edessa, Dumessa, Eldrenkamp, Erika, Eshrati, Babak, Faro, André, Feigl, Andrea B, Fenny, Ama P, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Ghimire, Mamata, Goli, Srinivas, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hamidi, Samer, Harb, Hilda L, Hay, Simon I, Hendrie, Delia, Ikilezi, Gloria, Javanbakht, Mehdi, John, Denny, Jonas, Jost B, Kaldjian, Alexander, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Yawukal Chane, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khang, Young-Ho, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinge, Jonas M, Kosen, Soewarta, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kumar, G Anil, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lam, Hilton, Listl, Stefan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Martinez, Gabriel, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Micah, Angela, Miller, Ted R, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Mohammed, Ebrahim, Mohammed, Shafiu, Moses, Mark, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nangia, Vinay, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Niriayo, Yirga, Noroozi, Mehdi, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Patel, Tejas, Pereira, David M, Polinder, Suzanne, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ray, Sarah E, Reiner, Robert C, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Santoro, Rocco, Santos, João Vasco, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharif, Mehdi, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shrime, Mark G, Sisay, Mekonnen, Soneji, Samir, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J D, Tadesse, Henok, Tao, Tianchan, Templin, Tara, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Thapa, Subash, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tran, Tung Thanh, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Vasankari, Tommi, Violante, Francesco S, Werdecker, Andrea, Wijeratne, Tissa, Gelin, Xu, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Chuanhua, Yu, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zlavog, Bianca, Murray, Christopher J L, Dieleman, Joseph L, Sadat, Nafi, Chang, Angela Y, Fullman, Nancy, Abbafati, Cristiana, Acharya, Pawan, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, Alam, Khurshid, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Ammar, Walid, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Aremu, Olatunde, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Ayer, Rakesh, Badali, Hamid, Banach, Maciej, Banstola, Amrit, Barac, Aleksandra, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Birungi, Charle, Bragazzi, Nicola L, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Car, Josip, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chapin, Abigail, Chen, Catherine S, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daryani, Ahmad, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dubey, Manisha, Edessa, Dumessa, Eldrenkamp, Erika, Eshrati, Babak, Faro, André, Feigl, Andrea B, Fenny, Ama P, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Ghimire, Mamata, Goli, Sriniva, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hamidi, Samer, Harb, Hilda L, Hay, Simon I, Hendrie, Delia, Ikilezi, Gloria, Javanbakht, Mehdi, John, Denny, Jonas, Jost B, Kaldjian, Alexander, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Yawukal Chane, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khang, Young-Ho, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinge, Jonas M, Kosen, Soewarta, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kumar, G Anil, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lam, Hilton, Listl, Stefan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Martinez, Gabriel, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Micah, Angela, Miller, Ted R, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Mohammed, Ebrahim, Mohammed, Shafiu, Moses, Mark, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nangia, Vinay, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Niriayo, Yirga, Noroozi, Mehdi, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Patel, Teja, Pereira, David M, Polinder, Suzanne, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ray, Sarah E, Reiner, Robert C, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Santoro, Rocco, Santos, João Vasco, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharif, Mehdi, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shrime, Mark G, Sisay, Mekonnen, Soneji, Samir, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J D, Tadesse, Henok, Tao, Tianchan, Templin, Tara, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Thapa, Subash, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tran, Tung Thanh, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Vasankari, Tommi, Violante, Francesco S, Werdecker, Andrea, Wijeratne, Tissa, Xu, Gelin, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zlavog, Bianca, and Murray, Christopher J L
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health financing ,stochastic frontier analysis ,estimation future scenario ,Medicine (all) - Abstract
Background: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) requires health financing systems that provide prepaid pooled resources for key health services without placing undue financial stress on households. Understanding current and future trajectories of health financing is vital for progress towards UHC. We used historical health financing data for 188 countries from 1995 to 2015 to estimate future scenarios of health spending and pooled health spending through to 2040. Methods: We extracted historical data on gross domestic product (GDP) and health spending for 188 countries from 1995 to 2015, and projected annual GDP, development assistance for health, and government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private health spending from 2015 through to 2040 as a reference scenario. These estimates were generated using an ensemble of models that varied key demographic and socioeconomic determinants. We generated better and worse alternative future scenarios based on the global distribution of historic health spending growth rates. Last, we used stochastic frontier analysis to investigate the association between pooled health resources and UHC index, a measure of a country's UHC service coverage. Finally, we estimated future UHC performance and the number of people covered under the three future scenarios. Findings: In the reference scenario, global health spending was projected to increase from US$10 trillion (95% uncertainty interval 10 trillion to 10 trillion) in 2015 to $20 trillion (18 trillion to 22 trillion) in 2040. Per capita health spending was projected to increase fastest in upper-middle-income countries, at 4·2% (3·4–5·1) per year, followed by lower-middle-income countries (4·0%, 3·6–4·5) and low-income countries (2·2%, 1·7–2·8). Despite global growth, per capita health spending was projected to range from only $40 (24–65) to $413 (263–668) in 2040 in low-income countries, and from $140 (90–200) to $1699 (711–3423) in lower-middle-income countries. Globally, the share of health spending covered by pooled resources would range widely, from 19·8% (10·3–38·6) in Nigeria to 97·9% (96·4–98·5) in Seychelles. Historical performance on the UHC index was significantly associated with pooled resources per capita. Across the alternative scenarios, we estimate UHC reaching between 5·1 billion (4·9 billion to 5·3 billion) and 5·6 billion (5·3 billion to 5·8 billion) lives in 2030. Interpretation: We chart future scenarios for health spending and its relationship with UHC. Ensuring that all countries have sustainable pooled health resources is crucial to the achievement of UHC. Funding: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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- 2018
27. Spending on health and HIV/AIDS: domestic health spending and development assistance in 188 countries, 1995-2015
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Dieleman, Joseph L., Haakenstad, Annie, Micah, Angela, Moses, Mark, Abbafati, Cristiana, Acharya, Pawan, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Alam, Khurshid, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Ammar, Walid, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aremu, Olatunde, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayer, Rakesh, Badali, Hamid, Banach, Maciej, Banstola, Amrit, Barac, Aleksandra, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Birungi, Charles, Bragazzi, Nicola L., Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Car, Josip, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chapin, Abigail, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daryani, Ahmad, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dubey, Manisha, Edessa, Dumessa, Eldrenkamp, Erika, Eshrati, Babak, Faro, Andre, Feigl, Andrea B., Fenny, Ama P., Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J., Fullman, Nancy, Ghimire, Mamata, Goli, Srinivas, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hamidi, Samer, Harb, Hilda L., Hay, Simon I., Hendrie, Delia, Ikilezi, Gloria, Javanbakht, Mehdi, John, Denny, Jonas, Jost B., Kaldjian, Alexander, Kasaeian, Amir, Kates, Jennifer, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khang, Young-Ho, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinge, Jonas M., Kosen, Soewarta, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kumar, G. Anil, Lam, Hilton, Listl, Stefan, Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy, Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Atte, Miller, Ted R., Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Mohammed, Ebrahim, Mohammed, Shafiu, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nangia, Vinay, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Niriayo, Yirga, Noroozi, Mehdi, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Pereira, David M., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ray, Sarah E., Reiner, Robert C., Sadat, Nafis, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Santos, Joao Vasco, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Schneider, Matthew, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharif, Mehdi, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Sisay, Mekonnen, Soneji, Samir, Soofi, Moslem, Tadesse, Andualem Henok, Tao, Tianchan, Templin, Tara, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Thapa, Subash, Thomson, Alan J., Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Bach Xuan Tran, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Tung Thanh Tran, Tung Thanh Tran, Undurraga, Eduardo A., Vasankari, Tommi, Violante, Francesco S., Wijeratne, Tissa, Xu, Gelin, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zhou, Lei, Zlavog, Bianca, Murray, Christopher J. L., Dieleman, Joseph L, Haakenstad, Annie, Micah, Angela, Moses, Mark, Abbafati, Cristiana, Acharya, Pawan, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, Alam, Khurshid, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Ammar, Walid, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Aremu, Olatunde, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayer, Rakesh, Badali, Hamid, Banach, Maciej, Banstola, Amrit, Barac, Aleksandra, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Birungi, Charle, Bragazzi, Nicola L, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Car, Josip, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chapin, Abigail, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daryani, Ahmad, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dubey, Manisha, Edessa, Dumessa, Eldrenkamp, Erika, Eshrati, Babak, Faro, André, Feigl, Andrea B, Fenny, Ama P, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Fullman, Nancy, Ghimire, Mamata, Goli, Sriniva, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hamidi, Samer, Harb, Hilda L, Hay, Simon I, Hendrie, Delia, Ikilezi, Gloria, Javanbakht, Mehdi, John, Denny, Jonas, Jost B, Kaldjian, Alexander, Kasaeian, Amir, Kates, Jennifer, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khang, Young-Ho, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinge, Jonas M, Kosen, Soewarta, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kumar, G Anil, Lam, Hilton, Listl, Stefan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Miller, Ted R, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Mohammed, Ebrahim, Mohammed, Shafiu, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nangia, Vinay, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Niriayo, Yirga, Noroozi, Mehdi, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Pereira, David M, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ray, Sarah E, Reiner, Robert C, Sadat, Nafi, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Santos, João Vasco, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Schneider, Matthew, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharif, Mehdi, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Sisay, Mekonnen, Soneji, Samir, Soofi, Moslem, Tadesse, Henok, Tao, Tianchan, Templin, Tara, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Thapa, Subash, Thomson, Alan J, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tran, Tung Thanh, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Vasankari, Tommi, Violante, Francesco S, Wijeratne, Tissa, Xu, Gelin, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zhou, Lei, Zlavog, Bianca, and Murray, Christopher J L
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Financing, Government ,Medicine (all) ,HIV ,International Agencies ,HIV Infections ,Infections ,Global Health ,Article ,spending across disease ,health spending by source ,spatiotemporal Gaussian regression ,Animals, Domestic ,Animals ,Health Resources ,Humans ,Economic Development ,Health Expenditures ,Developing Countries - Abstract
Background Comparable estimates of health spending are crucial for the assessment of health systems and to optimally deploy health resources. The methods used to track health spending continue to evolve, but little is known about the distribution of spending across diseases. We developed improved estimates of health spending by source, including development assistance for health, and, for the first time, estimated HIV/AIDS spending on prevention and treatment and by source of funding, for 188 countries. Methods We collected published data on domestic health spending, from 1995 to 2015, from a diverse set of international agencies. We tracked development assistance for health from 1990 to 2017. We also extracted 5385 datapoints about HIV/AIDS spending, between 2000 and 2015, from online databases, country reports, and proposals submitted to multilateral organisations. We used spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to generate complete and comparable estimates for health and HIV/AIDS spending. We report most estimates in 2017 purchasing-power parity-adjusted dollars and adjust all estimates for the effect of inflation. Findings Between 1995 and 2015, global health spending per capita grew at an annualised rate of 3.1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3.1 to 3.2), with growth being largest in upper-middle-income countries (5.4% per capita [UI 5.3-5.5]) and lower-middle-income countries (4.2% per capita [4.2-4.3]). In 2015, $9.7 trillion (9.7 trillion to 9.8 trillion) was spent on health worldwide. High-income countries spent $6.5 trillion (6.4 trillion to 6.5 trillion) or 66.3% (66.0 to 66.5) of the total in 2015, whereas low-income countries spent $70.3 billion (69.3 billion to 71.3 billion) or 0.7% (0.7 to 0.7). Between 1990 and 2017, development assistance for health increased by 394.7% ($29.9 billion), with an estimated $37.4 billion of development assistance being disbursed for health in 2017, of which $9.1 billion (24.2%) targeted HIV/AIDS. Between 2000 and 2015, $562.6 billion (531.1 billion to 621.9 billion) was spent on HIV/AIDS worldwide. Governments financed 57.6% (52.0 to 60.8) of that total. Global HIV/AIDS spending peaked at 49.7 billion (46.2-54.7) in 2013, decreasing to $48.9 billion (45.2 billion to 54.2 billion) in 2015. That year, low-income and lower-middle-income countries represented 74.6% of all HIV/AIDS disability-adjusted life-years, but just 36.6% (34.4 to 38.7) of total HIV/AIDS spending. In 2015, $9.3 billion (8.5 billion to 10.4 billion) or 19.0% (17.6 to 20.6) of HIV/AIDS financing was spent on prevention, and $27.3 billion (24.5 billion to 31.1 billion) or 55.8% (53.3 to 57.9) was dedicated to care and treatment. Interpretation From 1995 to 2015, total health spending increased worldwide, with the fastest per capita growth in middle-income countries. While these national disparities are relatively well known, low-income countries spent less per person on health and HIV/AIDS than did high-income and middle-income countries. Furthermore, declines in development assistance for health continue, including for HIV/AIDS. Additional cuts to development assistance could hasten this decline, and risk slowing progress towards global and national goals. Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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- 2017
28. Trends in future health financing and coverage: future health spending and universal health coverage in 188 countries, 2016-40
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Dieleman, Joseph L., Sadat, Nafis, Chang, Angela Y., Fullman, Nancy, Abbafati, Cristiana, Acharya, Pawan, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Alam, Khurshid, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Ammar, Walid, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Arernu, Olatunde, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awasthi, A., Ayer, Rakesh, Badali, Hamid, Banach, Maciej, Banstola, Amrit, Barac, Aleksandra, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Birungi, Charles, Bragazzi, Nicola L., Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Car, Josip, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chapin, Abigail, Chen, Catherine S., Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daryani, Ahmad, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dubey, Manisha, Edessa, Dumessa, Eldrenkamp, Erika, Eshrati, Babak, Faro, Andre, Feigl, Andrea B., Fenny, Ama P., Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J., Furst, Thomas, Ghimire, Mamata, Goli, Srinivas, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hamidi, Samer, Harb, Hilda L., Hay, Simon I., Hendrie, Delia, Ikilezi, Gloria, Javanbakht, Mehdi, John, Denny, Jonas, Jost B., Kaldjian, Alexander, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Yawukal Chane, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khang, Young-Ho, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinge, Jonas M., Kosen, Soewarta, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kumar, G. Anil, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lam, Hilton, Listl, Stefan, Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy, Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Martinez, Gabriel, Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Atte, Micah, Angela, Miller, Ted R., Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Mohammed, Ebrahim, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H., Moses, Mark, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nangia, Vinay, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Niriayo, Yirga, Noroozi, Mehdi, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Patel, Tejas, Pereira, David M., Polinder, Suzanne, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ray, Sarah E., Reiner, Robert C., Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Santoro, Rocco, Santos, Joao Vasco, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharif, Mehdi, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shrime, Mark G., Sisay, Mekonnen, Soneji, Samir, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Tao, Tianchan, Templin, Tara, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Thapa, Subash, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Bach Xuan Tran, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Tung Thanh Tran, Tung Thanh Tran, Undurraga, Eduardo A., Vasankari, Tommi, Violante, Francesco S., Werdecker, Andrea, Wijeratne, Tissa, Xu, Gelin, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zlavog, Bianca, Murray, Christopher J. L., and Public Health
- Abstract
Background Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) requires health financing systems that provide prepaid pooled resources for key health services without placing undue financial stress on households. Understanding current and future trajectories of health financing is vital for progress towards UHC. We used historical health financing data for 188 countries from 1995 to 2015 to estimate future scenarios of health spending and pooled health spending through to 2040. Methods We extracted historical data on gross domestic product (GDP) and health spending for 188 countries from 1995 to 2015, and projected annual GDP, development assistance for health, and government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private health spending from 2015 through to 2040 as a reference scenario. These estimates were generated using an ensemble of models that varied key demographic and socioeconomic determinants. We generated better and worse alternative future scenarios based on the global distribution of historic health spending growth rates. Last, we used stochastic frontier analysis to investigate the association between pooled health resources and UHC index, a measure of a country's UHC service coverage. Finally, we estimated future UHC performance and the number of people covered under the three future scenarios. Findings In the reference scenario, global health spending was projected to increase from US$10 trillion (95% uncertainty interval 10 trillion to 10 trillion) in 2015 to $20 trillion (18 trillion to 22 trillion) in 2040. Per capita health spending was projected to increase fastest in upper-middle-income countries, at 4.2% (3.4-5.1) per year, followed by lower-middle-income countries (4.0%, 3.6-4.5) and low-income countries (2.2%, 1.7-2.8). Despite global growth, per capita health spending was projected to range from only $40 (24-65) to $413 (263-668) in 2040 in low-income countries, and from $140 (90-200) to $1699 (711-3423) in lower-middle-income countries. Globally, the share of health spending covered by pooled resources would range widely, from 19.8% (10.3-38.6) in Nigeria to 97.9% (96.4-98.5) in Seychelles. Historical performance on the UHC index was significantly associated with pooled resources per capita. Across the alternative scenarios, we estimate UHC reaching between 5.1 billion (4.9 billion to 5.3 billion) and 5.6 billion (5.3 billion to 5.8 billion) lives in 2030. Interpretation We chart future scenarios for health spending and its relationship with UHC. Ensuring that all countries have sustainable pooled health resources is crucial to the achievement of UHC. Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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- 2018
29. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
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Fullman, Nancy, Yearwood, Jamal, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abebe, Zegeye, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abreu, Daisy M X, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Adane, Akilew Awoke, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agius, Dominic, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al Lami, Faris Hasan, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Syed Danish, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Aljunid, Syed M, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Alomari, Mahmoud A, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amenu, Kebede, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Araújo, Valdelaine E M, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Ashebir, Mengistu Mitiku, Asseffa, Netsanet Abera, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atre, Sachin R, Atteraya, Madhu S, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayalew, Animut Alebel, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe Betrand, Azzopardi, Peter, Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Amitava, Banstola, Amrit, Barber, Ryan M, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barrero, Lope H, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Saba Abraham, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennett, James R, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert Steven, Beuran, Mircea, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhatt, Paurvi, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Bizuneh, Hailemichael, Bolliger, Ian W, Bolt, Kaylin, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R, Bozorgmehr, Kayvan, Brady, Oliver Jerome, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach S, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Car, Josip, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carvalho, Felix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly, Chalek, Julian, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young J, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Colombara, Danny, Conti, Sara, Cooper, Cyrus, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Costa Pereira, Alexandre, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Crump, John A, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Daryani, Ahmad, Daryani, Maryam, Das, Jai, Das, Siddharth Kumar, das Neves, José, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Dellavalle, Robert P, Demoz, Gebre, Deribe, Kebede, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhimal, Meghnath, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doku, David Teye, Dolan, Kate, Dorsey, E Ray, dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Bender, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Echko, Michelle, Edessa, Dumessa, Edvardsson, David, Ehrlich, Joshua R, Eldrenkamp, Erika, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Endres, Matthias, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fakhar, Mahdi, Farag, Tamer, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fatusi, Adesegun, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, João C, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Frostad, Joseph J, Fürst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Ganji, Morsaleh, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Geremew, Demeke, Gething, Peter W, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W, Goli, Srinivas, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Grada, Ayman, Griswold, Max, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Tarun, Gupta, Vipin, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Harewood, Heather C, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I, He, Jiawei, Hearps, Stephen J C, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herrera Ballesteros, Victor Hugo, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Hiluf, Molla Kahssay, Hoek, Hans W, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseini, Seyed Reza, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idris, Fachmi, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, Ikeda, Chad, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Ilesanmi, Olayinka S, Innos, Kaire, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb M S, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Rajesh, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Jalu, Moti Tolera, Jamal, Amr A, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Jóúwiak, Jacek, John, Oommen, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B, Joshua, Vasna, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kar, Chittaranjan, Karanikolos, Marina, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn Haile, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, 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Alessandra, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lang, Justin J, Lansingh, Van C, Lansky, Sonia, Larsson, Anders, Latifi, Arman, Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor, Leasher, Janet L, Lee, Paul H, Legesse, Yirga, Leigh, James, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leta, Samson, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Listl, Stefan, Liu, Patrick, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Lopez, Alan D, Lorch, Scott A, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Timothy C D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lurton, Grégoire, Lyons, Ronan A, Maalouf, Fadi, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T, Maddison, Emilie R, Madotto, Fabiana, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manhertz, Trey, Manguerra, Helena, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C, Margono, Christopher, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins, Sheila Cristina Ouriques, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, März, Winfried, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M, Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengiste, Degu Abate, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Micha, Renata, Milam, Robert, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Mini, GK, Minnig, Shawn, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B, Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammed, Ebrahim, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen Liddell, Molokhia, Mariam, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreno Velasquez, Ilais, Mori, Rintaro, Morrison, Shane D, Moses, Mark, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murhekar, Manoj, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nagata, Chie, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naik, Gurudatta A, Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie Njingang, Narayan, KM Venkat, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Newton, Charles R, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Long, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nolte, Ellen, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Nyandwi, Alypio, Obermeyer, 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Prakash, V, Prasad, Narayan, Prasad, Noela Marie, Purcell, Caroline, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quintana, Hedley Knewjen, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Rankin, Zane, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E, Razo-García, Christian Aspacia, Reddy, Priscilla, Reiner, Robert C, Reis, Cesar, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Rivera, Juan A, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sachdev, Perminder S, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salama, Joseph, Salamati, Payman, Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sancheti, Parag K, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete I, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schumacher, Austin E, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakh-Nazarova, Marina, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shfare, Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin, Shi, Peilin, Shields, Chloe, Shigematsu, Mika, Shinohara, Yukito, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, Siabani, Soraya, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silberberg, Donald H, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Lavanya, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sinke, Abiy Hiruye, Sisay, Mekonnen, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, Alison, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, Sobaih, Badr H A, Somai, Melek, Soneji, Samir, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Sturua, Lela, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick J, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, PN, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tadesse, Andualem Henok, Taffere, Getachew Redae, Tandon, Nikhil, Tariku, Amare Tariku, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temam Shifa, Girma, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Tesfaye, Dawit Jember, Tessema, Belay, Thakur, JS, Thomas, Nihal, Thompson, Matthew J, Tillmann, Taavi, To, Quyen G, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tripathi, Avnish, Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thomas, Tsoi, Derrick, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Ullah, Irfan, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi, Valdez, Pascual Rubén, van Boven, Job F M, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wagnew, Fasil, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell T, Walson, Judd L, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wassie, Molla Mesele, Weaver, Marcia R, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Jordan, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, West, T Eoin, Westerman, Ronny, White, Richard G, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles DA, Wondimkun, Yohanes Ayele, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Wyper, Grant M A, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimer, Nigus Bililign, Yin, Peng, Yip, Paul, Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yonga, Gerald, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Murray, Christopher J L, and Lozano, Rafael
- Subjects
ddc - Published
- 2018
30. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- Author
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das Neves, José, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Dellavalle, Robert P, Demoz, Gebre, Deribe, Kebede, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhimal, Meghnath, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doku, David Teye, Dolan, Kate, Dorsey, E Ray, dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Bender, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Echko, Michelle, Edessa, Dumessa, Edvardsson, David, Ehrlich, Joshua R, Eldrenkamp, Erika, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Endres, Matthias, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fakhar, Mahdi, Farag, Tamer, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fatusi, Adesegun, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, João C, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Frostad, Joseph J, Fürst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Ganji, Morsaleh, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Geremew, Demeke, Gething, Peter W, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W, Goli, Srinivas, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Grada, Ayman, Griswold, Max, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Tarun, Gupta, Vipin, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Harewood, Heather C, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I, He, Jiawei, Hearps, Stephen J C, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herrera Ballesteros, Victor Hugo, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Hiluf, Molla Kahssay, Hoek, Hans W, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseini, Seyed Reza, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idris, Fachmi, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, Ikeda, Chad, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Ilesanmi, Olayinka S, Innos, Kaire, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb M S, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Rajesh, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Jalu, Moti Tolera, Jamal, Amr A, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Jóúwiak, Jacek, John, Oommen, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B, Joshua, Vasna, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kar, Chittaranjan, Karanikolos, Marina, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn Haile, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kebede, Seifu, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kereselidze, Maia, Ketema, Ezra Belay, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khanal, Mukti Nath, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Mona M, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kiirithio, Daniel Ngari, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kinra, Sanjay, Kisa, Adnan, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kutz, Michael, Kuzin, Igor, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lad, Deepesh Pravinkumar, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lang, Justin J, Lansingh, Van C, Lansky, Sonia, Larsson, Anders, Latifi, Arman, Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor, Leasher, Janet L, Lee, Paul H, Legesse, Yirga, Leigh, James, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leta, Samson, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Listl, Stefan, Liu, Patrick, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Lopez, Alan D, Lorch, Scott A, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Timothy C D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lurton, Grégoire, Lyons, Ronan A, Maalouf, Fadi, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T, Maddison, Emilie R, Madotto, Fabiana, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manhertz, Trey, Manguerra, Helena, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C, Margono, Christopher, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins, Sheila Cristina Ouriques, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, März, Winfried, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M, Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengiste, Degu Abate, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Micha, Renata, Milam, Robert, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Mini, GK, Minnig, Shawn, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B, Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammed, Ebrahim, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen Liddell, Molokhia, Mariam, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreno Velasquez, Ilais, Mori, Rintaro, Morrison, Shane D, Moses, Mark, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murhekar, Manoj, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nagata, Chie, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naik, Gurudatta A, Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie Njingang, Narayan, KM Venkat, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Newton, Charles R, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Long, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nolte, Ellen, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Nyandwi, Alypio, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R, Oliveira, Patricia Pereira Vasconcelos de, Olsen, Helen E, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Ortiz, Alberto, Ozdemir, Raziye, PA, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda W, Palone, Marcos Roberto Tovani, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Park, Eun-Kee, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Tejas, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Snehal T, Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C, Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao, Paudel, Deepak, Pedroso, Marcel de Moares, Pedroza, Sandra P, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Peterson, Hannah, Petzold, Max, Peykari, Niloofar, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frédéric B, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D, Postma, Maarten J, Pourmalek, Farshad, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Prasad, Noela Marie, Purcell, Caroline, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quintana, Hedley Knewjen, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Rankin, Zane, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E, Razo-García, Christian Aspacia, Reddy, Priscilla, Reiner, Robert C, Reis, Cesar, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Rivera, Juan A, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sachdev, Perminder S, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salama, Joseph, Salamati, Payman, Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sancheti, Parag K, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete I, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schumacher, Austin E, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakh-Nazarova, Marina, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shfare, Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin, Shi, Peilin, Shields, Chloe, Shigematsu, Mika, Shinohara, Yukito, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, Siabani, Soraya, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silberberg, Donald H, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Lavanya, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sinke, Abiy Hiruye, Sisay, Mekonnen, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, Alison, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, Sobaih, Badr H A, Somai, Melek, Soneji, Samir, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Sturua, Lela, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick J, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, PN, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tadesse, Andualem Henok, Taffere, Getachew Redae, Tandon, Nikhil, Tariku, Amare Tariku, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temam Shifa, Girma, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Tesfaye, Dawit Jember, Tessema, Belay, Thakur, JS, Thomas, Nihal, Thompson, Matthew J, Tillmann, Taavi, To, Quyen G, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tripathi, Avnish, Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thomas, Tsoi, Derrick, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Ullah, Irfan, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi, Valdez, Pascual Rubén, van Boven, Job F M, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wagnew, Fasil, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell T, Walson, Judd L, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wassie, Molla Mesele, Weaver, Marcia R, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Jordan, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, West, T Eoin, Westerman, Ronny, White, Richard G, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles DA, Wondimkun, Yohanes Ayele, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Wyper, Grant M A, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimer, Nigus Bililign, Yin, Peng, Yip, Paul, Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yonga, Gerald, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Murray, Christopher J L, and Lozano, Rafael
- Abstract
Background: A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods: Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0–100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derive
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- 2018
31. Future and potential spending on health 2015-40: development assistance for health, and government, prepaid private, and out-of-pocket health spending in 184 countries
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Dieleman, Joseph L., Campbell, Madeline, Chapin, Abigail, Eldrenkamp, Erika, Fan, Victoria Y., Haakenstad, Annie, Kates, Jennifer, Li, Zhiyin, Matyasz, Taylor, Micah, Angela, Reynolds, Alex, Sadat, Nafis, Schneider, Matthew T., Sorensen, Reed, Abbas, Kaja M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Alam, Khurshid, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awasthi, Ashish, Barac, Aleksandra, Berheto, Tezera Moshago, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Beyene, Tariku Jibat, Birungi, Charles, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Estanislao Castro, Ruben, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Dalal, Koustuv, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dubey, Manisha, Faro, Ande, Feigl, Andrea B., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. Anderson, Foigt, Nataliya, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gupta, Rahul, Hamidi, Samer, Harb, Hilda L., Hay, Simon I., Hendrie, Delia, Horino, Masako, Jurisson, Mikk, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, John, Denny, Jonas, Jost B., Karimi, Seyed M., Khang, Young-Ho, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinge, Jonas M., Krohn, Kristopher J., Kumar, G. Anil, Leung, Ricky, Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy, Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Meretoja, Atte, Miller, Ted R., Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mohammed, Shafiu, Molla, Gedefaw, Nangia, Vinay, Olgiati, Stefano, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Patel, Tejas, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Pereira, David M., Perelman, Julian, Polinder, Suzanne, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Savic, Miloje, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Te Ao, Braden J., Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Thomson, Alan J., Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Undurraga, Eduardo A., Vargas, Veronica, Vasankari, Tommi, Violante, Francesco S., Wijeratne, Tissa, Xu, Gelin, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Murray, Christopher J. L., Department of Neurosciences, Neurologian yksikkö, Clinicum, and HUS Neurocenter
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INCOME ,Science & Technology ,Medicine, General & Internal ,General & Internal Medicine ,DEMAND ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,PAYMENTS ,INSURANCE ,11 Medical And Health Sciences ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,CHOICE ,MEDICAL-CARE ,POVERTY - Abstract
Background The amount of resources, particularly prepaid resources, available for health can affect access to health care and health outcomes. Although health spending tends to increase with economic development, tremendous variation exists among health financing systems. Estimates of future spending can be beneficial for policy makers and planners, and can identify financing gaps. In this study, we estimate future gross domestic product (GDP), all-sector government spending, and health spending disaggregated by source, and we compare expected future spending to potential future spending. Methods We extracted GDP, government spending in 184 countries from 1980-2015, and health spend data from 1995-2014. We used a series of ensemble models to estimate future GDP, all-sector government spending, development assistance for health, and government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private health spending through 2040. We used frontier analyses to identify patterns exhibited by the countries that dedicate the most funding to health, and used these frontiers to estimate potential health spending for each low-income or middle-income country. All estimates are inflation and purchasing power adjusted. Findings We estimated that global spending on health will increase from US$9.21 trillion in 2014 to $24.24 trillion (uncertainty interval [UI] 20.47-29.72) in 2040. We expect per capita health spending to increase fastest in upper-middle-income countries, at 5.3% (UI 4.1-6.8) per year. This growth is driven by continued growth in GDP, government spending, and government health spending. Lower-middle income countries are expected to grow at 4.2% (3.8-4.9). High-income countries are expected to grow at 2.1% (UI 1.8-2.4) and low-income countries are expected to grow at 1.8% (1.0-2.8). Despite this growth, health spending per capita in low-income countries is expected to remain low, at $154 (UI 133-181) per capita in 2030 and $195 (157-258) per capita in 2040. Increases in national health spending to reach the level of the countries who spend the most on health, relative to their level of economic development, would mean $321 (157-258) per capita was available for health in 2040 in low-income countries. Interpretation Health spending is associated with economic development but past trends and relationships suggest that spending will remain variable, and low in some low-resource settings. Policy change could lead to increased health spending, although for the poorest countries external support might remain essential.
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- 2017
32. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
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Fullman, Nancy, primary, Yearwood, Jamal, additional, Abay, Solomon M, additional, Abbafati, Cristiana, additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Abdela, Jemal, additional, Abdelalim, Ahmed, additional, Abebe, Zegeye, additional, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, additional, Aboyans, Victor, additional, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, additional, Abreu, Daisy M X, additional, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, additional, Adane, Akilew Awoke, additional, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, additional, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, additional, Afarideh, Mohsen, additional, Afshin, Ashkan, additional, Agarwal, Gina, additional, Agius, Dominic, additional, Agrawal, Anurag, additional, Agrawal, Sutapa, additional, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, additional, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, additional, Akibu, Mohammed, additional, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, additional, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, additional, Akseer, Nadia, additional, Al Lami, Faris Hasan, additional, Alahdab, Fares, additional, Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Alam, Tahiya, additional, Alasfoor, Deena, additional, Albittar, Mohammed I, additional, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, additional, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, additional, Ali, Syed Danish, additional, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, additional, Aljunid, Syed M, additional, Alkerwi, Ala'a, additional, Alla, François, additional, Allebeck, Peter, additional, Allen, Christine, additional, Alomari, Mahmoud A, additional, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, additional, Alsharif, Ubai, additional, Altirkawi, Khalid A, additional, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, additional, Amare, Azmeraw T, additional, Amenu, Kebede, additional, Ammar, Walid, additional, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, additional, Anber, Nahla, additional, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, additional, Androudi, Sofia, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Araújo, Valdelaine E M, additional, Aremu, Olatunde, additional, Ärnlöv, Johan, additional, Artaman, Al, additional, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, additional, Asayesh, Hamid, additional, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, additional, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, additional, Asghar, Rana Jawad, additional, Ashebir, Mengistu Mitiku, additional, Asseffa, Netsanet Abera, additional, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, additional, Atre, Sachin R, additional, Atteraya, Madhu S, additional, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, additional, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, additional, Awasthi, Ashish, additional, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, additional, Ayalew, Animut Alebel, additional, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, additional, Ayer, Rakesh, additional, Ayuk, Tambe Betrand, additional, Azzopardi, Peter, additional, Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha, additional, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, additional, Badali, Hamid, additional, Badawi, Alaa, additional, Banach, Maciej, additional, Banerjee, Amitava, additional, Banstola, Amrit, additional, Barber, Ryan M, additional, Barboza, Miguel A, additional, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, additional, Bärnighausen, Till, additional, Barquera, Simon, additional, Barrero, Lope H, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Basu, Sanjay, additional, Baune, Bernhard T, additional, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, additional, Bedi, Neeraj, additional, Beghi, Ettore, additional, Behzadifar, Masoud, additional, Behzadifar, Meysam, additional, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, additional, Belachew, Abate Bekele, additional, Belay, Saba Abraham, additional, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, additional, Bell, Michelle L, additional, Bello, Aminu K, additional, Bennett, Derrick A, additional, Bennett, James R, additional, Bensenor, Isabela M, additional, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, additional, Bernabé, Eduardo, additional, Bernstein, Robert Steven, additional, Beuran, Mircea, additional, Bhalla, Ashish, additional, Bhatt, Paurvi, additional, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Biadgo, Belete, additional, Bijani, Ali, additional, Bikbov, Boris, additional, Birungi, Charles, additional, Biryukov, Stan, additional, Bizuneh, Hailemichael, additional, Bolliger, Ian W, additional, Bolt, Kaylin, additional, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R, additional, Bozorgmehr, Kayvan, additional, Brady, Oliver Jerome, additional, Brazinova, Alexandra, additional, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, additional, Brenner, Hermann, additional, Britton, Gabrielle, additional, Brugha, Traolach S, additional, Butt, Zahid A, additional, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, additional, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, additional, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, additional, Car, Josip, additional, Car, Mate, additional, Cárdenas, Rosario, additional, Carrero, Juan Jesus, additional, Carvalho, Felix, additional, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, additional, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, additional, Catalá-López, Ferrán, additional, Cercy, Kelly, additional, Chalek, Julian, additional, Chang, Hsing-Yi, additional, Chang, Jung-Chen, additional, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, additional, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, additional, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, additional, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, additional, Choi, Jee-Young J, additional, Christensen, Hanne, additional, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, additional, Chung, Sheng-Chia, additional, Ciobanu, Liliana G, additional, Cirillo, Massimo, additional, Colombara, Danny, additional, Conti, Sara, additional, Cooper, Cyrus, additional, Cornaby, Leslie, additional, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, additional, Cortinovis, Monica, additional, Costa Pereira, Alexandre, additional, Cousin, Ewerton, additional, Criqui, Michael H, additional, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, additional, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, additional, Crump, John A, additional, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, additional, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, additional, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, additional, Dandona, Lalit, additional, Dandona, Rakhi, additional, Dargan, Paul I, additional, Daryani, Ahmad, additional, Daryani, Maryam, additional, Das, Jai, additional, Das, Siddharth Kumar, additional, das Neves, José, additional, Davis Weaver, Nicole, additional, Davletov, Kairat, additional, de Courten, Barbora, additional, De Leo, Diego, additional, De Neve, Jan-Walter, additional, Dellavalle, Robert P, additional, Demoz, Gebre, additional, Deribe, Kebede, additional, Des Jarlais, Don C, additional, Dey, Subhojit, additional, Dharmaratne, Samath D, additional, Dhimal, Meghnath, additional, Djalalinia, Shirin, additional, Doku, David Teye, additional, Dolan, Kate, additional, Dorsey, E Ray, additional, dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Bender, additional, Doyle, Kerrie E, additional, Driscoll, Tim R, additional, Dubey, Manisha, additional, Dubljanin, Eleonora, additional, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, additional, Echko, Michelle, additional, Edessa, Dumessa, additional, Edvardsson, David, additional, Ehrlich, Joshua R, additional, Eldrenkamp, Erika, additional, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, additional, Endres, Matthias, additional, Endries, Aman Yesuf, additional, Eshrati, Babak, additional, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, additional, Esteghamati, Alireza, additional, Fakhar, Mahdi, additional, Farag, Tamer, additional, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, additional, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, additional, Faro, André, additional, Farzadfar, Farshad, additional, Fatusi, Adesegun, additional, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, additional, Feigin, Valery L, additional, Feigl, Andrea B, additional, Fentahun, Netsanet, additional, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Fernandes, João C, additional, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Fitzmaurice, Christina, additional, Flaxman, Abraham D, additional, Flor, Luisa Sorio, additional, Foigt, Nataliya, additional, Foreman, Kyle J, additional, Frostad, Joseph J, additional, Fürst, Thomas, additional, Futran, Neal D, additional, Gakidou, Emmanuela, additional, Gallus, Silvano, additional, Gambashidze, Ketevan, additional, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, additional, Ganji, Morsaleh, additional, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, additional, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, additional, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, additional, Geleijnse, Johanna M, additional, Geremew, Demeke, additional, Gething, Peter W, additional, Ghadimi, Reza, additional, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, additional, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, additional, Gill, Paramjit Singh, additional, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, additional, Giroud, Maurice, additional, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, additional, Giussani, Giorgia, additional, Godwin, William W, additional, Goli, Srinivas, additional, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, additional, Gona, Philimon N, additional, Goodridge, Amador, additional, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, additional, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, additional, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, additional, Grada, Ayman, additional, Griswold, Max, additional, Grosso, Giuseppe, additional, Gugnani, Harish Chander, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Gupta, Rahul, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Gupta, Tanush, additional, Gupta, Tarun, additional, Gupta, Vipin, additional, Haagsma, Juanita A, additional, Hachinski, Vladimir, additional, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, additional, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, additional, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, additional, Hamidi, Samer, additional, Hankey, Graeme J, additional, Harb, Hilda L, additional, Harewood, Heather C, additional, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, additional, Havmoeller, Rasmus, additional, Hawley, Caitlin, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, He, Jiawei, additional, Hearps, Stephen J C, additional, Hegazy, Mohamed I, additional, Heibati, Behzad, additional, Heidari, Mohsen, additional, Hendrie, Delia, additional, Henry, Nathaniel J, additional, Herrera Ballesteros, Victor Hugo, additional, Herteliu, Claudiu, additional, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, additional, Hiluf, Molla Kahssay, additional, Hoek, Hans W, additional, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, additional, Horita, Nobuyuki, additional, Hosgood, H Dean, additional, Hosseini, Mostafa, additional, Hosseini, Seyed Reza, additional, Hostiuc, Mihaela, additional, Hostiuc, Sorin, additional, Hoy, Damian G, additional, Hsairi, Mohamed, additional, Htet, Aung Soe, additional, Hu, Guoqing, additional, Huang, John J, additional, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, additional, Idris, Fachmi, additional, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, additional, Ikeda, Chad, additional, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, additional, Ilesanmi, Olayinka S, additional, Innos, Kaire, additional, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, additional, Irvine, Caleb M S, additional, Islami, Farhad, additional, Jacobs, Troy A, additional, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, additional, Jahanmehr, Nader, additional, Jain, Rajesh, additional, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, additional, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, additional, Jalu, Moti Tolera, additional, Jamal, Amr A, additional, Javanbakht, Mehdi, additional, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, additional, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, additional, Jha, Ravi Prakash, additional, Jha, Vivekanand, additional, Jóúwiak, Jacek, additional, John, Oommen, additional, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Joshua, Vasna, additional, Jürisson, Mikk, additional, Kabir, Zubair, additional, Kadel, Rajendra, additional, Kahsay, Amaha, additional, Kalani, Rizwan, additional, Kar, Chittaranjan, additional, Karanikolos, Marina, additional, Karch, André, additional, Karema, Corine Kakizi, additional, Karimi, Seyed M, additional, Kasaeian, Amir, additional, Kassa, Dessalegn Haile, additional, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, additional, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, additional, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Kaul, Anil, additional, Kawakami, Norito, additional, Kazanjan, Konstantin, additional, Kebede, Seifu, additional, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, additional, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, additional, Kengne, Andre Pascal, additional, Kereselidze, Maia, additional, Ketema, Ezra Belay, additional, Khader, Yousef Saleh, additional, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, additional, Khajavi, Alireza, additional, Khalil, Ibrahim A, additional, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, additional, Khan, Gulfaraz, additional, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, additional, Khan, Muhammad Ali, additional, Khanal, Mukti Nath, additional, Khang, Young-Ho, additional, Khater, Mona M, additional, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, additional, Khosravi, Ardeshir, additional, Khubchandani, Jagdish, additional, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, additional, Kiirithio, Daniel Ngari, additional, Kim, Daniel, additional, Kim, Yun Jin, additional, Kimokoti, Ruth W, additional, Kinfu, Yohannes, additional, Kinra, Sanjay, additional, Kisa, Adnan, additional, Kissoon, Niranjan, additional, Kochhar, Sonali, additional, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, additional, Kopec, Jacek A, additional, Kosen, Soewarta, additional, Koul, Parvaiz A, additional, Koyanagi, Ai, additional, Kravchenko, Michael, additional, Krishan, Kewal, additional, Krohn, Kristopher J, additional, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, additional, Kumar, G Anil, additional, Kumar, Pushpendra, additional, Kutz, Michael, additional, Kuzin, Igor, additional, Kyu, Hmwe H, additional, Lad, Deepesh Pravinkumar, additional, Lafranconi, Alessandra, additional, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, additional, Lalloo, Ratilal, additional, Lam, Hilton, additional, Lan, Qing, additional, Lang, Justin J, additional, Lansingh, Van C, additional, Lansky, Sonia, additional, Larsson, Anders, additional, Latifi, Arman, additional, Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor, additional, Leasher, Janet L, additional, Lee, Paul H, additional, Legesse, Yirga, additional, Leigh, James, additional, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, additional, Leta, Samson, additional, Leung, Janni, additional, Leung, Ricky, additional, Levi, Miriam, additional, Li, Yongmei, additional, Liang, Juan, additional, Liben, Misgan Legesse, additional, Lim, Lee-Ling, additional, Lim, Stephen S, additional, Lind, Margaret, additional, Linn, Shai, additional, Listl, Stefan, additional, Liu, Patrick, additional, Liu, Shiwei, additional, Lodha, Rakesh, additional, Lopez, Alan D, additional, Lorch, Scott A, additional, Lorkowski, Stefan, additional, Lotufo, Paulo A, additional, Lucas, Timothy C D, additional, Lunevicius, Raimundas, additional, Lurton, Grégoire, additional, Lyons, Ronan A, additional, Maalouf, Fadi, additional, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, additional, Mackay, Mark T, additional, Maddison, Emilie R, additional, Madotto, Fabiana, additional, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, additional, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, additional, Majdan, Marek, additional, Majdzadeh, Reza, additional, Majeed, Azeem, additional, Malekzadeh, Reza, additional, Malhotra, Rajesh, additional, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, additional, Mamun, Abdullah A, additional, Manhertz, Trey, additional, Manguerra, Helena, additional, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, additional, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, additional, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, additional, Mapoma, Chabila C, additional, Margono, Christopher, additional, Martinez-Raga, Jose, additional, Martins, Sheila Cristina Ouriques, additional, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, additional, Martopullo, Ira, additional, März, Winfried, additional, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, additional, Mathur, Manu Raj, additional, Maulik, Pallab K, additional, Mazidi, Mohsen, additional, McAlinden, Colm, additional, McGrath, John J, additional, McKee, Martin, additional, Mehata, Suresh, additional, Mehrotra, Ravi, additional, Mehta, Kala M, additional, Mehta, Varshil, additional, Meier, Toni, additional, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, additional, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, additional, Melku, Mulugeta, additional, Memiah, Peter, additional, Memish, Ziad A, additional, Mendoza, Walter, additional, Mengiste, Degu Abate, additional, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, additional, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, additional, Mensah, George A, additional, Meretoja, Atte, additional, Meretoja, Tuomo J, additional, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, additional, Miazgowski, Tomasz, additional, Micha, Renata, additional, Milam, Robert, additional, Millear, Anoushka, additional, Miller, Ted R, additional, Mini, GK, additional, Minnig, Shawn, additional, Mirica, Andreea, additional, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, additional, Misganaw, Awoke, additional, Mitchell, Philip B, additional, Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal, additional, Moazen, Babak, additional, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, additional, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, additional, Mohammed, Ebrahim, additional, Mohammed, Mohammed A, additional, Mohammed, Shafiu, additional, Mokdad, Ali H, additional, Mola, Glen Liddell, additional, Molokhia, Mariam, additional, Momeniha, Fatemeh, additional, Monasta, Lorenzo, additional, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, additional, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, additional, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, additional, Moraga, Paula, additional, Morawska, Lidia, additional, Moreno Velasquez, Ilais, additional, Mori, Rintaro, additional, Morrison, Shane D, additional, Moses, Mark, additional, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, additional, Mueller, Ulrich O, additional, Murhekar, Manoj, additional, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, additional, Murthy, Srinivas, additional, Musa, Jonah, additional, Musa, Kamarul Imran, additional, Mustafa, Ghulam, additional, Muthupandian, Saravanan, additional, Nagata, Chie, additional, Nagel, Gabriele, additional, Naghavi, Mohsen, additional, Naheed, Aliya, additional, Naik, Gurudatta A, additional, Naik, Nitish, additional, Najafi, Farid, additional, Naldi, Luigi, additional, Nangia, Vinay, additional, Nansseu, Jobert Richie Njingang, additional, Narayan, KM Venkat, additional, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, additional, Negoi, Ionut, additional, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, additional, Newton, Charles R, additional, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, additional, Nguyen, Grant, additional, Nguyen, Long, additional, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, additional, Nichols, Emma, additional, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, additional, Nolte, Ellen, additional, Nong, Vuong Minh, additional, Norheim, Ole F, additional, Norrving, Bo, additional, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, additional, Nyandwi, Alypio, additional, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, additional, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, additional, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, additional, Oh, In-Hwan, additional, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, additional, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, additional, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, additional, Olivares, Pedro R, additional, Oliveira, Patricia Pereira Vasconcelos de, additional, Olsen, Helen E, additional, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, additional, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, additional, Ong, Kanyin, additional, Opio, John Nelson, additional, Oren, Eyal, additional, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, additional, Ortiz, Alberto, additional, Ozdemir, Raziye, additional, PA, Mahesh, additional, Pain, Amanda W, additional, Palone, Marcos Roberto Tovani, additional, Pana, Adrian, additional, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, additional, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, additional, Park, Eun-Kee, additional, Parsian, Hadi, additional, Patel, Tejas, additional, Pati, Sanghamitra, additional, Patil, Snehal T, additional, Patle, Ajay, additional, Patton, George C, additional, Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao, additional, Paudel, Deepak, additional, Pedroso, Marcel de Moares, additional, Pedroza, Sandra P, additional, Pereira, David M, additional, Perico, Norberto, additional, Peterson, Hannah, additional, Petzold, Max, additional, Peykari, Niloofar, additional, Phillips, Michael Robert, additional, Piel, Frédéric B, additional, Pigott, David M, additional, Pillay, Julian David, additional, Piradov, Michael A, additional, Polinder, Suzanne, additional, Pond, Constance D, additional, Postma, Maarten J, additional, Pourmalek, Farshad, additional, Prakash, Swayam, additional, Prakash, V, additional, Prasad, Narayan, additional, Prasad, Noela Marie, additional, Purcell, Caroline, additional, Qorbani, Mostafa, additional, Quintana, Hedley Knewjen, additional, Radfar, Amir, additional, Rafay, Anwar, additional, Rafiei, Alireza, additional, Rahimi, Kazem, additional, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, additional, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, additional, Rahman, Mahfuzar, additional, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, additional, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, additional, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, additional, Raju, Sree Bhushan, additional, Ram, Usha, additional, Rana, Saleem M, additional, Rankin, Zane, additional, Rasella, Davide, additional, Rawaf, David Laith, additional, Rawaf, Salman, additional, Ray, Sarah E, additional, Razo-García, Christian Aspacia, additional, Reddy, Priscilla, additional, Reiner, Robert C, additional, Reis, Cesar, additional, Reitsma, Marissa B, additional, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, additional, Renzaho, Andre M N, additional, Resnikoff, Serge, additional, Rezaei, Satar, additional, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, additional, Ribeiro, Antonio L, additional, Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, additional, Rivera, Juan A, additional, Roever, Leonardo, additional, Ronfani, Luca, additional, Roshandel, Gholamreza, additional, Rostami, Ali, additional, Roth, Gregory A, additional, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, additional, Roy, Ambuj, additional, Roy, Nobhojit, additional, Ruhago, George Mugambage, additional, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, additional, Sachdev, Perminder S, additional, Sadat, Nafis, additional, Safdarian, Mahdi, additional, Safiri, Saeid, additional, Sagar, Rajesh, additional, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, additional, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, additional, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, additional, Salama, Joseph, additional, Salamati, Payman, additional, Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas, additional, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, additional, Salomon, Joshua A, additional, Samy, Abdallah M, additional, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, additional, Sancheti, Parag K, additional, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, additional, Santomauro, Damian, additional, Santos, Itamar S, additional, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, additional, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, additional, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, additional, Sartorius, Benn, additional, Satpathy, Maheswar, additional, Savic, Miloje, additional, Sawhney, Monika, additional, Saxena, Sonia, additional, Saylan, Mete I, additional, Schaeffner, Elke, additional, Schmidhuber, Josef, additional, Schmidt, Maria Inês, additional, Schneider, Ione J C, additional, Schumacher, Austin E, additional, Schutte, Aletta E, additional, Schwebel, David C, additional, Schwendicke, Falk, additional, Sekerija, Mario, additional, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, additional, Servan-Mori, Edson E, additional, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, additional, Shaikh, Masood Ali, additional, Shakh-Nazarova, Marina, additional, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, additional, Sharafi, Heidar, additional, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, additional, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, additional, Sharma, Meenakshi, additional, Sharma, Rajesh, additional, She, Jun, additional, Sheikh, Aziz, additional, Shfare, Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin, additional, Shi, Peilin, additional, Shields, Chloe, additional, Shigematsu, Mika, additional, Shinohara, Yukito, additional, Shiri, Rahman, additional, Shirkoohi, Reza, additional, Shiue, Ivy, additional, Shrime, Mark G, additional, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, additional, Siabani, Soraya, additional, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, additional, Silberberg, Donald H, additional, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, additional, Silva, João Pedro, additional, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, additional, Singh, Jasvinder A, additional, Singh, Lavanya, additional, Singh, Narinder Pal, additional, Singh, Virendra, additional, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, additional, Sinke, Abiy Hiruye, additional, Sisay, Mekonnen, additional, Skirbekk, Vegard, additional, Sliwa, Karen, additional, Smith, Alison, additional, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, additional, Sobaih, Badr H A, additional, Somai, Melek, additional, Soneji, Samir, additional, Soofi, Moslem, additional, Sorensen, Reed J D, additional, Soriano, Joan B, additional, Soyiri, Ireneous N, additional, Sposato, Luciano A, additional, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, additional, Srinivasan, Vinay, additional, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, additional, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, additional, Steel, Nicholas, additional, Stein, Dan J, additional, Stokes, Mark Andrew, additional, Sturua, Lela, additional, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, additional, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, additional, Sunguya, Bruno F, additional, Sur, Patrick J, additional, Sykes, Bryan L, additional, Sylaja, PN, additional, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, additional, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, additional, Tadesse, Andualem Henok, additional, Taffere, Getachew Redae, additional, Tandon, Nikhil, additional, Tariku, Amare Tariku, additional, Taveira, Nuno, additional, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, additional, Temam Shifa, Girma, additional, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, additional, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, additional, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, additional, Tesfaye, Dawit Jember, additional, Tessema, Belay, additional, Thakur, JS, additional, Thomas, Nihal, additional, Thompson, Matthew J, additional, Tillmann, Taavi, additional, To, Quyen G, additional, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, additional, Tonelli, Marcello, additional, Topor-Madry, Roman, additional, Topouzis, Fotis, additional, Torre, Anna, additional, Tortajada, Miguel, additional, Tran, Bach Xuan, additional, Tran, Khanh Bao, additional, Tripathi, Avnish, additional, Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad, additional, Troeger, Christopher, additional, Truelsen, Thomas, additional, Tsoi, Derrick, additional, Tudor Car, Lorainne, additional, Tuem, Kald Beshir, additional, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, additional, Uchendu, Uche S, additional, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, additional, Ullah, Irfan, additional, Updike, Rachel, additional, Uthman, Olalekan A, additional, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi, additional, Valdez, Pascual Rubén, additional, van Boven, Job F M, additional, Varughese, Santosh, additional, Vasankari, Tommi, additional, Violante, Francesco S, additional, Vladimirov, Sergey K, additional, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, additional, Vollset, Stein Emil, additional, Vos, Theo, additional, Wagnew, Fasil, additional, Waheed, Yasir, additional, Wallin, Mitchell T, additional, Walson, Judd L, additional, Wang, Yafeng, additional, Wang, Yuan-Pang, additional, Wassie, Molla Mesele, additional, Weaver, Marcia R, additional, Weiderpass, Elisabete, additional, Weintraub, Robert G, additional, Weiss, Jordan, additional, 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33. Spending on health and HIV/AIDS: domestic health spending and development assistance in 188 countries, 1995–2015
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Dieleman, Joseph L, primary, Haakenstad, Annie, additional, Micah, Angela, additional, Moses, Mark, additional, Abbafati, Cristiana, additional, Acharya, Pawan, additional, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, additional, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, additional, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, additional, Alkerwi, Ala'a, additional, Ammar, Walid, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Aremu, Olatunde, additional, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, additional, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, additional, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, additional, Awasthi, Ashish, additional, Ayer, Rakesh, additional, Badali, Hamid, additional, Banach, Maciej, additional, Banstola, Amrit, additional, Barac, Aleksandra, additional, Belachew, Abate Bekele, additional, Birungi, Charles, additional, Bragazzi, Nicola L, additional, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, additional, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, additional, Car, Josip, additional, Catalá-López, Ferrán, additional, Chapin, Abigail, additional, Dandona, Lalit, additional, Dandona, Rakhi, additional, Daryani, Ahmad, additional, Dharmaratne, Samath D, additional, Dubey, Manisha, additional, Edessa, Dumessa, additional, Eldrenkamp, Erika, additional, Eshrati, Babak, additional, Faro, André, additional, Feigl, Andrea B, additional, Fenny, Ama P, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Foigt, Nataliya, additional, Foreman, Kyle J, additional, Fullman, Nancy, additional, Ghimire, Mamata, additional, Goli, Srinivas, additional, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, additional, Hamidi, Samer, additional, Harb, Hilda L, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Hendrie, Delia, additional, Ikilezi, Gloria, additional, Javanbakht, Mehdi, additional, John, Denny, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Kaldjian, Alexander, additional, Kasaeian, Amir, additional, Kates, Jennifer, additional, Khalil, Ibrahim A, additional, Khang, Young-Ho, additional, Khubchandani, Jagdish, additional, Kim, Yun Jin, additional, Kinge, Jonas M, additional, Kosen, Soewarta, additional, Krohn, Kristopher J, additional, Kumar, G Anil, additional, Lam, Hilton, additional, Listl, Stefan, additional, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, additional, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, additional, Majeed, Azeem, additional, Malekzadeh, Reza, additional, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, additional, Mensah, George A, additional, Meretoja, Atte, additional, Miller, Ted R, additional, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, additional, Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal, additional, Mohammed, Ebrahim, additional, Mohammed, Shafiu, additional, Naghavi, Mohsen, additional, Nangia, Vinay, additional, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, additional, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, additional, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, additional, Niriayo, Yirga, additional, Noroozi, Mehdi, additional, Owolabi, Mayowa O, additional, Pereira, David M, additional, Qorbani, Mostafa, additional, Rafay, Anwar, additional, Rafiei, Alireza, additional, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, additional, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, additional, Ram, Usha, additional, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, additional, Ray, Sarah E, additional, Reiner, Robert C, additional, Sadat, Nafis, additional, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, additional, Santos, João Vasco, additional, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, additional, Sartorius, Benn, additional, Satpathy, Maheswar, additional, Savic, Miloje, additional, Schneider, Matthew, additional, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, additional, Shaikh, Masood Ali, additional, Sharif, Mehdi, additional, She, Jun, additional, Sheikh, Aziz, additional, Sisay, Mekonnen, additional, Soneji, Samir, additional, Soofi, Moslem, additional, Tadesse, Henok, additional, Tao, Tianchan, additional, Templin, Tara, additional, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, additional, Thapa, Subash, additional, Thomson, Alan J, additional, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, additional, Topor-Madry, Roman, additional, Tran, Bach Xuan, additional, Tran, Khanh Bao, additional, Tran, Tung Thanh, additional, Undurraga, Eduardo A, additional, Vasankari, Tommi, additional, Violante, Francesco S, additional, Wijeratne, Tissa, additional, Xu, Gelin, additional, Yonemoto, Naohiro, additional, Younis, Mustafa Z, additional, Yu, Chuanhua, additional, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, additional, Zhou, Lei, additional, Zlavog, Bianca, additional, and Murray, Christopher J L, additional
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34. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015 : a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
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Barber, Ryan M., Fullman, Nancy, Sorensen, Reed J. 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Anil, Kumsa, Fekede Asefa, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H., Lager, Anton Carl Jonas, Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M., Lansingh, Van C., Larson, Heidi J., Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena Beatriz, Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leinsalu, Mall, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick, Liu, Yang, Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D., Lorch, Scott A., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A., Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T., El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Marks, Guy B., Marquez, Neal, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, Massano, Joao, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K., Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McNellan, Claire, Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Memish, Ziad A., Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mengiste, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistie, Mubarek Abera, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Mensah, George A., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Mills, Edward J., Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mock, Charles N., Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohanty, Sanjay K., Mokdad, Ali H., Mola, Glen Liddell D., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Moses, Mark, Mueller, Ulrich O., Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B., Nagata, Chie, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Negoi, Ionut, Neupane, Sudan Prasad, Newton, Charles R., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Nguyen, Grant, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen E., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H., Osman, Majdi, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Mahesh, P. 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- Abstract
Background National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. Methods We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure-the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index-on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r= 0.88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r= 0.83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r= 0.77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total ferti
- Published
- 2017
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35. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- Author
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Barber, Ryan M, Fullman, Nancy, Sorensen, Reed J D, Bollyky, Thomas, McKee, Martin, Nolte, Ellen, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abdurahman, Ahmed Abdulahi, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraham, Biju, Abreha, Girmatsion Fisseha, Adane, Kelemework, Adelekan, Ademola Lukman, Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Arnav, Agarwal, Sanjay Kumar, Agarwal, Sunilkumar, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alexander, Lily, Ali, Raghib, Ali, Syed Danish, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amo-Adjei, Joshu, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anderson, Benjamin O, Androudi, Sofia, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Assadi, Reza, Astatkie, Ayalew, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atique, Suleman, Atnafu, Niguse Tadele, Atre, Sachin R, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayele, Nebiyu Negussu, Azzopardi, Peter, Saleem, Huda Omer Ba, Bärnighausen, Till, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Barrero, Lope H, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Baye, Kaleab, Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabé, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Beyene, Tariku Jibat, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Bose, Dipan, Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Butt, Zahid A, Cárdenas, Rosario, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Car, Josip, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cecilio, Pedro, Cercy, Kelly, Charlson, Fiona J, Chen, Alan Z, Chew, Adrienne, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Coggeshall, Megan S, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A, Dalal, Koustuv, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, das Neves, Jose, Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, Del Gobbo, Liana C, del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L, Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E, Dubey, Manisha, Ehrenkranz, Rebecca, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal, Enayati, Ahmadali, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Fürst, Thomas, Faghmous, Imad D A, Fanuel, Fanuel Belayneh Bekele, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G, Fernandes, João C, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Fleming, Thomas D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Franklin, Richard C, Frostad, Joseph, G/hiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gao, Wayne, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, 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Abdullah, Khonelidze, Irma, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolk, Anneli, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Krohn, Kristopher J, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kumsa, Fekede Asefa, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lager, Anton Carl Jonas, Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M, Lansingh, Van C, Larson, Heidi J, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena Beatriz, Leasher, Janet L, Leigh, James, Leinsalu, Mall, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Patrick, Liu, Yang, Lo, Loon-Tzian, 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Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mock, Charles N, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohanty, Sanjay K, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen Liddell D, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Moses, Mark, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B, Nagata, Chie, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Negoi, Ionut, Neupane, Sudan Prasad, Newton, Charles R, Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Nguyen, Grant, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olivares, Pedro R, Olsen, Helen E, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H, Osman, Majdi, Owolabi, Mayowa O, PA, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda W, Pakhale, Smita, Castillo, Elizabeth Palomares, Pana, Adrian, Papachristou, Christina, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Paul, Vinod K, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D, Prakash, V, Purwar, Manorama, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quistberg, D Alex, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Rankin, Zane, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Rao, Puja C, Rawaf, Salman, Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago, Reitsma, Marissa, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Rokni, Mohammad Bagher, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Nawal K, Sachdev, Perminder S, Sackey, Ben Benasco, Saeedi, Mohammad Yahya, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sandar, Logan, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Milicevic, Milena M Santric, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete I, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Seedat, Soraya, Seid, Abdulbasit Musa, Seifu, Canaan Negash, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serdar, Berrin, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Setegn, Tesfaye, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakh-Nazarova, Marina, Shamsipour, Mansour, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Shi, Peilin, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G, Sibamo, Ephrem Lejore Sibamo, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Virendra, Sinke, Abiy Hiruye, Sinshaw, Aklilu Endalamaw, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, Alison, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soneji, Samir, Soriano, Joan B, Sousa, Tatiane Cristina Moraes, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Stranges, Saverio, Strong, Mark, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sturua, Lela, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sun, Jiandong, Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Taffere, Getachew Redae, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tarajia, Musharaf, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Teeple, Stephanie, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekelab, Tesfalidet, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Shifa, Girma Temam, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Thakur, JS, Thomson, Alan J, Tillmann, Taavi, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tortajada, Miguel, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thomas, Tura, Abera Kenay, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A, van Boven, Job F M, Van Dingenen, Rita, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wagner, Joseph A, Wakayo, Tolassa, Waller, Stephen G, Walson, Judd L, Wang, Haidong, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Watkins, David A, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Wen, Chi-Pang, Werdecker, Andrea, Wesana, Joshua, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D A, Won, Sungho, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yaghoubi, Mohsen, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos, Zapata, Tomas, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoeckler, Leo, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, and Murray, Christopher J L
- Abstract
National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Improving the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases through primary health care in Ethiopia
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Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0618-4499
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- Non-communicable diseases, Primary health care, Community health worker program, Africa, Ethiopia, anzsrc-for: 4203 Health services and systems
- Abstract
Mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Africa will overtake combined mortality from communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases by 2030. Despite global declarations on the need for comprehensive primary health care (PHC) to address NCDs, the policy responses of African nations have been limited. In this thesis, I conduct a mixed methods study to assess the capacity of PHC systems to improve the prevention and management of NCDs in Africa, with a focus on Ethiopia. Section 1 summarises the NCD burden in Africa and provides an overview of the Ethiopian health system. Section 2 comprises Chapters 1 and 2. Chapter 1 maps progress against World Health Organization (WHO) targets for NCD care in the 47 countries of the WHO African Region. No country has met all recommended targets, and seven have met no targets. In Chapter 2, I propose priority areas to address these gaps, including (i) enhanced political commitment; (ii) service redesign; (iii) workforce capacity strengthening; (iv) improved treatment protocols; (v) comprehensive resource gap analysis; (vi) large-scale implementation; and (vii) support from multilateral institutions. In Section 3, which comprises Chapters 3–5, I focus on Ethiopia. Chapter 3 presents an in-depth qualitative study that corroborates the Chapter 1 findings, highlighting health system governance challenges to strengthening PHC (limited political commitment, inter-sectoral coordination and funding) combined with operational constraints (an insufficiently skilled and supported PHC workforce, fragmented information systems, and inadequate equipment and medicines). Chapter 4 presents a multi-level analysis of the National Ethiopia Health Extension Program (HEP) Survey. The analysis showed that provision of essential non-NCD HEP services was both positively and negatively associated with NCD service provision. In Chapter 5, I assess NCD training, supervision and performance appraisal for health extension workers (HEWs). I found variable quality in NCD training for HEWs and supervisors; inconsistent and somewhat punitive supervision practices; and non-transparent performance appraisal, which has led to HEW de-motivation. In Section 4, I synthesise all study findings and discuss the policy implications for Ethiopia and Africa more broadly. I also appraise the opportunities to strengthen NCD service delivery in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus disease pandemic and the ongoing civil war in Ethiopia. I conclude with recommendations for future research and policy to increase Ethiopia’s capacity to provide comprehensive PHC that includes NCD care.
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- 2023
37. Evolution and patterns of global health financing 1995–2014: development assistance for health, and government, prepaid private, and out-of-pocket health spending in 184 countries
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Dieleman, Joseph, Campbell, Madeline, Chapin, Abigail, Eldrenkamp, Erika, Fan, Victoria Y., Haakenstad, Annie, Kates, Jennifer, Liu, Yingying, Matyasz, Taylor, Micah, Angela, Reynolds, Alex, Sadat, Nafis, Schneider, Matthew T., Sorensen, Reed, Evans, Tim, Evans, David, Kurowski, Christoph, Tandon, Ajay, Abbas, Kaja M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Alam, Khurshid, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awasthi, Ashish, Barac, Aleksandra, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Beyene, Tariku Jibat, Birungi, Charles, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catalia-Lopez, Ferran, Dalal, Koustuv, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, de Jager, Pieter, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dubey, Manisha, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, Andre, Feigl, Andrea B., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph Robert Anderson, Foigt, Nataliya, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gupta, Rahul, Hamidi, Samer, Harb, Hilda L., Hay, Simon I., Hendrie, Delia, Horino, Masako, Jürisson, Mikk, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, John, Denny, Jonas, Jost B., Karimi, Seyed M., Khang, Young-Ho, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinge, Jonas M., Krohn, Kristopher J., Kumar, G. Anil, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Masiye, Felix, Meier, Toni, Meretoja, Atte, Miller, Ted R., Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mohammed, Shafiu, Nangia, Vinay, Olgiati, Stefano, Osman, Abdalla Sidahmed, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Patel, Tejas, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Pereira, David M., Perelman, Julian, Polinder, Suzanne, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Salama, Joseph, Savic, Miloje, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shrime, Mark G., Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Te Ao, Braden J., Tediosi, Fabrizio, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Thomson, Alan J., Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Undurraga, Eduardo A., Vasankari, Tommi, Violante, Francesco S., Werdecker, Andrea, Wijeratne, Tissa, Xu, Gelin, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, and Murray, Christopher J. L.
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2. Zero hunger ,8. Economic growth ,1. No poverty ,3. Good health
38. The COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare systems in Africa: a scoping review of preparedness, impact and response
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Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Abel Fekadu Dadi, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Kidane Tadesse Gebremariam, Bereket Duko, Woldesellassie M. Bezabhe, Dejen Yemane Tekle, Azeb Gebresilassie Tesema, Alemayehu B. Mekonnen, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Mohammed Biset Ayalew, Gizachew Assefa Tessema, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw, Hassen Mohammed, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Getiye Dejenu Kibret, Lemlem Gebremichael, Alemnesh H. Mirkuzie, Atsede Fantahun Aregay, Maereg Wagnew Meazew, Ayele Geleto Bali, Kahsu Gebrekidan, Daniel Asfaw Erku, Yohannes Kinfu, Yibeltal Assefa, Tessema, Gizachew A, Kinfu, Yohannes, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Duko, Bereket, and Tesfay, Fisaha Haile
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Medicine (General) ,Psychological intervention ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,CINAHL ,Health Services Accessibility ,R5-920 ,Nursing ,Political science ,Pandemic ,Humans ,Pandemics ,Health policy ,Original Research ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Health services research ,COVID-19 ,health policy ,Grey literature ,health services research ,Systematic review ,Preparedness ,Africa ,health systems - Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health systems in both developed and developing nations alike. Africa has one of the weakest health systems globally, but there is limited evidence on how the region is prepared for, impacted by and responded to the pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL to search peer-reviewed articles and Google, Google Scholar and preprint sites for grey literature. The scoping review captured studies on either preparedness or impacts or responses associated with COVID-19 or covering one or more of the three topics and guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework. The extracted information was documented following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension checklist for scoping reviews. Finally, the resulting data were thematically analysed.ResultsTwenty-two eligible studies, of which 6 reported on health system preparedness, 19 described the impacts of COVID-19 on access to general and essential health services and 7 focused on responses taken by the healthcare systems were included. The main setbacks in health system preparation included lack of available health services needed for the pandemic, inadequate resources and equipment, and limited testing ability and surge capacity for COVID-19. Reduced flow of patients and missing scheduled appointments were among the most common impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health system responses identified in this review included the availability of telephone consultations, re-purposing of available services and establishment of isolation centres, and provisions of COVID-19 guidelines in some settings.ConclusionsThe health systems in Africa were inadequately prepared for the pandemic, and its impact was substantial. Responses were slow and did not match the magnitude of the problem. Interventions that will improve and strengthen health system resilience and financing through local, national and global engagement should be prioritised.
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- 2021
39. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
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Nancy, Fullman, Jamal, Yearwood, Solomon, M, Abay, Cristiana, Abbafati, Foad, Abd-Allah, Jemal, Abdela, Ahmed, Abdelalim, Zegeye, Abebe, Teshome, Abuka, Abebo, Victor, Aboyans, Haftom, Niguse, Abraha, Daisy, M, X, Abreu, Laith, Abu-Raddad, J, Akilew, Awoke, Adane, Rufus, Adesoji, Adedoyin, Olatunji, Adetokunboh, Tara, Ballav, Adhikari, Mohsen, Afarideh, Ashkan, Afshin, Gina, Agarwal, Dominic, Agius, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Agrawal, Aliasghar, Ahmad, Kiadaliri, Miloud, Taki, Eddine, Aichour, Mohammed, Akibu, Rufus, Olusola, Akinyemi, Tomi, Akinyemiju, F, Nadia, Akseer, Faris, Hasan, Lami, Al, Fares, Alahdab, Ziyad, Al-Aly, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alam, Deena, Alasfoor, Mohammed, I, Albittar, Kefyalew, Addis, Alene, Ayman, Al-Eyadhy, Syed, Danish, Ali, Mehran, Alijanzadeh, Syed, M, Aljunid, Ala’A, Alkerwi, François, Alla, Peter, Allebeck, Christine, Allen, Mahmoud, A, Alomari, Rajaa, Al-Raddadi, Ubai, Alsharif, Khalid, A, Altirkawi, Nelson, Alvis-Guzman, Azmeraw, T, Amare, Kebede, Amenu, Walid, Ammar, Yaw, Ampem, Amoako, Nahla, Anber, Catalina, Liliana, Andrei, Sofia, Androudi, Carl, Abelardo, Antonio, T, Valdelaine, E, Araújo, M, Olatunde, Aremu, Johan, Ärnlöv, Artaman, Al, Krishna, Kumar, Aryal, Hamid, Asayesh, Ephrem, Tsegay, Asfaw, Solomon, Weldegebreal, Asgedom, Rana, Jawad, Asghar, Mengistu, Mitiku, Ashebir, Netsanet, Abera, Asseffa, Tesfay, Mehari, Atey, Sachin, R, Atre, Madhu, Atteraya, S, Leticia, Avila-Burgos, Euripide, Frinel, Arthur, G, Avokpaho, Ashish, Awasthi, Beatriz, Paulina, Ayala, Quintanilla, Animut, Alebel, Ayalew, Henok, Tadesse, Ayele, Rakesh, Ayer, Tambe, Betrand, Ayuk, Peter, Azzopardi, Natasha, Azzopardi-Muscat, Tesleem, Kayode, Babalola, Hamid, Badali, Alaa, Badawi, Maciej, Banach, Amitava, Banerjee, Amrit, Banstola, Ryan, M, Barber, Miguel, Barboza, A, Suzanne, L, Barker-Collo, Till, Bärnighausen, Simon, Barquera, Lope, H, Barrero, Quique, Bassat, Sanjay, Basu, Bernhard, T, Baune, Shahrzad, Bazargan-Hejazi, Neeraj, Bedi, Ettore, 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Ray, Dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Bender, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim R., Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Echko, Michelle, Edessa, Dumessa, Edvardsson, David, Ehrlich, Joshua R., Eldrenkamp, Erika, El-Khatib, Ziad, Endres, Matthia, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fakhar, Mahdi, Farag, Tamer, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fatusi, Adesegun, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L., Feigl, Andrea B., Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, João C., Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D., Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J., Frostad, Joseph J., Fürst, Thoma, Futran, Neal D., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Ganji, Morsaleh, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Geremew, Demeke, Gething, Peter W., Ghadimi, Reza, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W., Goli, Sriniva, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon N., Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Grada, Ayman, Griswold, Max, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Tarun, Gupta, Vipin, Haagsma, Juanita A., Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Harewood, Heather C., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmu, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I., He, Jiawei, Hearps, Stephen J.C., Hegazy, Mohamed I., Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henry, Nathaniel J., Herrera Ballesteros, Victor Hugo, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Hiluf, Molla Kahssay, Hoek, Hans W., Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseini, Seyed Reza, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J., Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idris, Fachmi, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, Ikeda, Chad, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Ilesanmi, Olayinka S., Innos, Kaire, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb M.S., Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Rajesh, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo M., Jalu, Moti Tolera, Jamal, Amr A., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Józwiak, Jacek, John, Oommen, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B., Joshua, Vasna, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kar, Chittaranjan, Karanikolos, Marina, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M., Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn Haile, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kebede, Seifu, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodger, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kereselidze, Maia, Ketema, Ezra Belay, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khanal, Mukti Nath, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Mona M., Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kiirithio, Daniel Ngari, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohanne, Kinra, Sanjay, Kisa, Adnan, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kutz, Michael, Kuzin, Igor, Kyu, Hmwe H., Lad, Deepesh Pravinkumar, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lang, Justin J., Lansingh, Van C., Lansky, Sonia, Larsson, Ander, Latifi, Arman, Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor, Leasher, Janet L., Lee, Paul H., Legesse, Yirga, Leigh, Jame, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leta, Samson, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S., Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Listl, Stefan, Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Lopez, Alan D., Lorch, Scott A., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lucas, Timothy C.D., Lunevicius, Raimunda, Lurton, Grégoire, Lyons, Ronan A., Maalouf, Fadi, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T., Maddison, Emilie R., Madotto, Fabiana, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manguerra, Helena, Manhertz, Treh, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C., Margono, Christopher, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins, Sheila Cristina Ourique, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, März, Winfried, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K., Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M., Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengiste, Degu Abate, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Micha, Renata, Milam, Robert, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R., Mini, G.K., Minnig, Shawn, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B., Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammed, Ebrahim, Mohammed, Mohammed A., Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H., Mola, Glen Liddell D., Molokhia, Mariam, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreno Velasquez, Ilai, Mori, Rintaro, Morrison, Shane D., Moses, Mark, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mueller, Ulrich O., Murhekar, Manoj, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Sriniva, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nagata, Chie, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naik, Gurudatta A., Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie Njingang, Narayan, K.M. Venkat, Nascimento, Bruno Ramo, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Newton, Charles R., Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Long, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nolte, Ellen, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Nyandwi, Alypio, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R., De Oliveira, Patricia Pereira Vasconcelo, Olsen, Helen E., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V., Ortiz, Alberto, Ozdemir, Raziye, Pa, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda W., Palone, Marcos Roberto Tovani, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Park, Eun-Kee, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Teja, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Snehal T., Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C., Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao, Paudel, Deepak, De Moares Pedroso, Marcel, Pedroza, Sandra P., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Peterson, Hannah, Petzold, Max, Peykari, Niloofar, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frédéric B., Pigott, David M., Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Postma, Maarten J., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prakash, Swayam, Prakash, V., Prasad, Narayan, Prasad, Noela Marie, Purcell, Caroline, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quintana, Hedley Knewjen, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M., Rankin, Zane, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E., Razo-García, Christian Aspacia, Reddy, Priscilla, Reiner, Robert C., Reis, Cesar, Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rios Blancas, Maria Jesu, Rivera, Juan A., Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sachdev, Perminder S., Sadat, Nafi, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salama, Joseph, Salamati, Payman, De Freitas Saldanha, Raphael, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A., Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sancheti, Parag K., Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolore, Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S., Santric Milicevic, Milena M., Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete I., Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Inê, Schneider, Ione J.C., Schumacher, Austin E., Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakh-Nazarova, Marina, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shfare, Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin, Shi, Peilin, Shields, Chloe, Shigematsu, Mika, Shinohara, Yukito, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, Siabani, Soraya, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silberberg, Donald H., Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alve, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Lavanya, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sinke, Abiy Hiruye, Sisay, Mekonnen, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, Alison, Soares Filho, Adauto Martin, Sobaih, Badr H.A., Somai, Melek, Soneji, Samir, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J.D., Soriano, Joan B., Soyiri, Ireneous N., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nichola, Stein, Dan J., Stokes, Mark Andrew, Sturua, Lela, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sur, Patrick J., Sykes, Bryan L., Sylaja, P.N., Szoeke, Cassandra E.I., Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tadesse, Andualem Henok, Taffere, Getachew Redae, Tandon, Nikhil, Tariku, Amare Tariku, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temam Shifa, Girma, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Tesfaye, Dawit Jember, Tessema, Belay, Thakur, J.S., Thomas, Nihal, Thompson, Matthew J., Tillmann, Taavi, To, Quyen G., Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Foti, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tripathi, Avnish, Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thoma, Tsoi, Derrick, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tyrovolas, Stefano, Uchendu, Uche S., Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Ullah, Irfan, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A., Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi, Valdez, Pascual Rubén, Van Boven, Job F.M., Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wagnew, Fasil, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell T., Walson, Judd L., Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wassie, Molla Mesele, Weaver, Marcia R., Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Jordan, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, West, T. 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Sd, Aljunid, Sm, Alomari, Ma, Altirkawi, Ka, Amare, At, Amoako, Ya, Andrei, Cl, Antonio, Cat, Araújo, Vem, Aryal, Kk, Asfaw, Et, Asgedom, Sw, Asghar, Rj, Ashebir, Mm, Asseffa, Na, Atey, Tm, Atre, Sr, Avokpaho, Efga, Ayala Quintanilla, Bp, Ayalew, Aa, Ayele, Ht, Ayuk, Tb, Babalola, Tk, Barber, Rm, Barboza, Ma, Barker-Collo, Sl, Barrero, Lh, Baune, Bt, Bekele, Bb, Belachew, Ab, Belay, Sa, Belay, Ya, Bell, Ml, Bello, Ak, Bennett, Da, Bennett, Jr, Bensenor, Im, Berhe, Df, Bhutta, Za, Bolliger, Iw, Bou-Orm, Ir, Brady, Oj, Breitborde, Njk, Butt, Za, Campos-Nonato, Ir, Campuzano, Jc, Carrero, Jj, Castañeda-Orjuela, Ca, Chang, Hy, Chang, Jc, Chiang, Pp, Chisumpa, Vh, Choi, Jj, Christopher, Dj, Chung, Sc, Ciobanu, Lg, Cortesi, Pa, Criqui, Mh, Cromwell, Ea, Crump, Ja, Daba, Ak, Dachew, Ba, Dadi, Af, Dargan, Pi, Das, Sk, De Neve, Jw, Dellavalle, Rp, Des Jarlais, Dc, Dharmaratne, Sd, Doku, Dt, Dorsey, Er, Dos Santos, Kpb, Doyle, Ke, Driscoll, Tr, Duncan, Bb, Ehrlich, Jr, El-Khatib, Zz, Endries, 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Kim, Yj, Kimokoti, Rw, Kopec, Ja, Koul, Pa, Krohn, Kj, Kumar, Ga, Kyu, Hh, Lad, Dp, Lal, Dk, Lang, Jj, Lansingh, Vc, Lazarus, Jv, Leasher, Jl, Lee, Ph, Leshargie, Ct, Liben, Ml, Lim, Ll, Lopez, Ad, Lorch, Sa, Lotufo, Pa, Lucas, Tcd, Lyons, Ra, Macarayan, Erk, Mackay, Mt, Maddison, Er, Malta, Dc, Mamun, Aa, Mansournia, Ma, Mantovani, Lg, Mapoma, Cc, Martins, Sco, Martins-Melo, Fr, Massenburg, Bb, Mathur, Mr, Maulik, Pk, Mcgrath, Jj, Mehta, Km, Meles, Kg, Memish, Za, Mengiste, Da, Mengistu, Dt, Menota, Bg, Mensah, Ga, Meretoja, Tj, Mezgebe, Hb, Miller, Tr, Mini, Gk, Mirrakhimov, Em, Mitchell, Pb, Mlashu, Fw, Mohammad, Ka, Mohammed, Ma, Mokdad, Ah, Mola, Gl, Montañez Hernandez, Jc, Morrison, Sd, Mousavi, Sm, Mueller, Uo, Murthy, Gv, Musa, Ki, Naik, Ga, Nansseu, Jrn, Narayan, Kv, Nascimento, Br, Negoi, Ri, Newton, Cr, Ngunjiri, Jw, Nguyen, Th, Ningrum, Dna, Nong, Vm, Norheim, Of, Noubiap, Jjn, Obermeyer, Cm, Ogbo, Fa, Oh, Ih, Olagunju, At, Olagunju, To, Olivares, Pr, Oliveira, Ppv, Olsen, He, Olusanya, Bo, Olusanya, Jo, Opio, Jn, Ortega-Altamirano, Dv, Pain, Aw, Palone, Mrt, Pandian, Jd, Park, Ek, Patil, St, Patton, Gc, Paturi, Vr, Pedroso, Mm, Pedroza, Sp, Pereira, Dm, Phillips, Mr, Piel, Fb, Pigott, Dm, Pillay, Jd, Piradov, Ma, Pond, Cd, Postma, Mj, Prasad, Nm, Quintana, Hk, Rahman, Ma, Rahman, Su, Rai, Rk, Raju, Sb, Rana, Sm, Rawaf, Dl, Ray, Se, Razo-García, Ca, Reiner, Rc, Reitsma, Mb, Renzaho, Amn, Ribeiro, Al, Rios Blancas, Mj, Rivera, Ja, Roth, Ga, Ruhago, Gm, Sabde, Yd, Sahraian, Ma, Saldanha, Rf, Salomon, Ja, Samy, Am, Sanabria, Jr, Sancheti, Pk, Sanchez-Niño, Md, Santric Milicevic, Mm, Sarker, Ar, Saylan, Mi, Schmidt, Mi, Schneider, Ijc, Schumacher, Ae, Schutte, Ae, Schwebel, Dc, Sepanlou, Sg, Servan-Mori, Ee, Shaikh, Ma, Shariful Islam, Sm, Shfare, Mt, Shrime, Mg, Shukla, Sr, Sigfusdottir, Id, Silberberg, Dh, Silva, Da, Silva, Jp, Silveira, Dga, Singh, Ja, Singh, Np, Sinha, Dn, Sinke, Ah, Soares Filho, Am, Sobaih, Bha, Sorensen, Rjd, Soriano, Jb, Soyiri, In, Sposato, La, Sreeramareddy, Ct, Stanaway, Jd, Stein, Dj, Stokes, Ma, Sufiyan, Mb, Suliankatchi, Ra, Sunguya, Bf, Sur, Pj, Sykes, Bl, Sylaja, Pn, Tadakamadla, Sk, Tadesse, Ah, Taffere, Gr, Tariku, At, Temsah, Mh, Tesema, Ag, Tesfaye, Dj, Thompson, Mj, To, Qg, Tran, Bx, Tran, Kb, Tripathy, Sp, Tuem, Kb, Ukwaja, Kn, Uthman, Oa, Uzochukwu, Bsc, Valdez, Pr, van Boven, Jfm, Vladimirov, Sk, Vlassov, Vv, Vollset, Se, Wallin, Mt, Walson, Jl, Wang, Yp, Wassie, Mm, Weaver, Mr, Weintraub, Rg, Weldegwergs, Kg, West, Te, White, Rg, Whiteford, Ha, Wolfe, Cd, Wondimkun, Ya, Wyper, Gma, Yan, Ll, Yimer, Nb, Yirsaw, Bd, Yoon, Sj, Younis, Mz, Zaki, Me, Zaman, Sb, Zenebe, Zm, Zimsen, Srm, Zuhlke, Lj, Murray, Cjl, and Lozano, R.
- Subjects
Peformance ,Coverage ,Dánartíðni ,Lífslíkur ,Life expectancy ,GBD ,Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best) ,universal health coverage ,Article ,access quality health care ,health care access and quality index ,Nations ,Healthcare Acce ,Cause-specific mortality ,Psychology ,Healthcare Access and Quality Index ,Mælitæki ,States ,Medicine (all) ,Health care ,Þjóðir ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,Quality ,Heilbrigðisþjónusta ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Sálfræði ,Indicator ,Amenable mortality ,Transition ,we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0–100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97·1 (95% UI 95·8–98·1) in Iceland, followed by 96·6 (94·9–97·9) in Norway and 96·1 (94·5–97·3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18·6 (13·1–24·4) in the Central African Republic, 19·0 (14·3–23·7) in Somalia, and 23·4 (20·2–26·8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91·5 (89·1–93·6) in Beijing to 48·0 (43·4–53·2) in Tibet (a 43·5-point difference), while India saw a 30·8-point disparity, from 64·8 (59·6–68·8) in Goa to 34·0 (30·3–38·1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4·8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20·9-point to 17·0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17·2-point to 20·4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle-SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage hinges upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view—and subsequent provision—of quality health care for all populations ,Trends ,Inequalities - Abstract
Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97.1 (95% UI 95.8-98.1) in Iceland, followed by 96.6 (94.9-97.9) in Norway and 96.1 (94.5-97.3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18.6 (13.1-24.4) in the Central African Republic, 19.0 (14.3-23.7) in Somalia, and 23.4 (20.2-26.8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91.5 (89.1-936) in Beijing to 48.0 (43.4-53.2) in Tibet (a 43.5-point difference), while India saw a 30.8-point disparity, from 64.8 (59.6-68.8) in Goa to 34.0 (30.3-38.1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4.8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20.9-point to 17.0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17.2-point to 20.4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle-SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view and subsequent provision of quality health care for all populations., Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Barbora de Courten is supported by a National Heart Foundation Future Leader Fellowship (100864). Ai Koyanagi’s work is supported by the Miguel Servet contract financed by the CP13/00150 and PI15/00862 projects, integrated into the National R + D + I and funded by the ISCIII —General Branch Evaluation and Promotion of Health Research—and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER). Alberto Ortiz was supported by Spanish Government (Instituto de Salud Carlos III RETIC REDINREN RD16/0019 FEDER funds). Ashish Awasthi acknowledges funding support from Department of Science and Technology, Government of India through INSPIRE Faculty scheme Boris Bikbov has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 703226. Boris Bikbov acknowledges that work related to this paper has been done on the behalf of the GBD Genitourinary Disease Expert Group. Panniyammakal Jeemon acknowledges support from the clinical and public health intermediate fellowship from the Wellcome Trust and Department of Biotechnology, India Alliance (2015–20). Job F M van Boven was supported by the Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology of the University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands. Olanrewaju Oladimeji is an African Research Fellow hosted by Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), South Africa and he also has honorary affiliations with Walter Sisulu University (WSU), Eastern Cape, South Africa and School of Public Health, University of Namibia (UNAM), Namibia. He is indeed grateful for support from HSRC, WSU and UNAM. EUI is supported in part by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF UID: 86003). Ulrich Mueller acknowledges funding by the German National Cohort Study grant No 01ER1511/D, Gabrielle B Britton is supported by Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación and Sistema Nacional de Investigación de Panamá. Giuseppe Remuzzi acknowledges that the work related to this paper has been done on behalf of the GBD Genitourinary Disease Expert Group. Behzad Heibati would like to acknowledge Air pollution Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. Syed Aljunid acknowledges the National University of Malaysia for providing the approval to participate in this GBD Project. Azeem Majeed and Imperial College London are grateful for support from the Northwest London National Insititute of Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research & Care. Tambe Ayuk acknowledges the Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies for office space provided. José das Neves was supported in his contribution to this work by a Fellowship from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal (SFRH/BPD/92934/2013). João Fernandes gratefully acknowledges funding from FCT–Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (grant number UID/Multi/50016/2013). Jan-Walter De Neve was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Kebede Deribe is funded by a Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine (201900). Kazem Rahimi was supported by grants from the Oxford Martin School, the NIHR Oxford BRC and the RCUK Global Challenges Research Fund. Laith J Abu-Raddad acknowledges the support of Qatar National Research Fund (NPRP 9-040-3-008) who provided the main funding for generating the data provided to the GBD-IHME effort. Liesl Zuhlke is funded by the national research foundation of South Africa and the Medical Research Council of South Africa. Monica Cortinovis acknowledges that work related to this paper has been done on the behalf of the GBD Genitourinary Disease Expert Group. Chuanhua Yu acknowleges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81773552 and grant number 81273179) Norberto Perico acknowledges that work related to this paper has been done on behalf of the GBD Genitourinary Disease Expert Group. Charles Shey Wiysonge’s work is supported by the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation of South Africa (grant numbers 106035 and 108571). John J McGrath is supported by grant APP1056929 from the John Cade Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council and the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professorship). Quique Bassat is an ICREA (Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies) research professor at ISGlobal. Richard G White is funded by the UK MRC and the UK Department for International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID Concordat agreement that is also part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union (MR/P002404/1), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (TB Modelling and Analysis Consortium: OPP1084276/OPP1135288, CORTIS: OPP1137034/OPP1151915, Vaccines: OPP1160830), and UNITAID (4214-LSHTM-Sept15; PO 8477-0-600). Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos was supported in part by grant number PROMETEOII/2015/021 from Generalitat Valenciana and the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. Mihajlo Jakovljevic acknowleges contribution from the Serbian Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (grant OI 175 014). Shariful Islam is funded by a Senior Fellowship from Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University and received career transition grants from High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia. Sonia Saxena is funded by various grants from the NIHR. Stefanos Tyrovolas was supported by the Foundation for Education and European Culture, the Sara Borrell postdoctoral program (reference number CD15/00019 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII–Spain) and the Fondos Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. Stefanos was awarded with a 6 months visiting fellowship funding at IHME from M-AES (reference no. MV16/00035 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III). S Vittal Katikreddi was funded by a NHS Research Scotland Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the MRC (MC_UU_12017/13 & MC_ UU_12017/15) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU13 & SPHSU15). Traolach S Brugha has received funding from NHS Digital UK to collect data used in this study. The work of Hamid Badali was financially supported by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. The work of Stefan Lorkowski is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (nutriCARD, Grant agreement number 01EA1411A). Mariam Molokhia’s research was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. We also thank the countless individuals who have contributed to GBD 2016 in various capacities.
- Published
- 2018
40. Prevalence of vicarious trauma, depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, and resilience among the Tigrayan diaspora in Australia: A cross-sectional study following the Tigray conflict.
- Author
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Gesesew HA, Tesfamicael KG, Mwanri L, Atey TM, Gebremedhin A, Gebremariam K, Tesema AG, Hailu S, Tesfay FH, Miruts K, Musker M, Tekle D, Woldegiorgis M, and Ward P
- Abstract
Ethiopia's Tigray in 2020. This war has had a detrimental impact on the mental health and overall wellbeing of Tigrayans living in other countries and abroad. The present study investigated the state of mental health and wellbeing among Tigrayan diaspora living in Australia, many of whom are migrants, but most are refugees., Methods: We employed a cross-sectional survey gathered through Qualtrics-designed hybrid data collection techniques. We assessed vicarious trauma using the secondary traumatic stress scale (STSS), depression, anxiety, and stress using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), PTSD using PTSD Checklist- Civilian Version (PCLC), and resilience using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). We calculated the psychometric properties of these tools among the population. We employed binary logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with the outcomes of interest., Findings: 241 people participated in the survey. Intrusion symptoms of vicarious trauma were prevalent among 85.6 % (172/201) of participants, avoidance symptoms of vicarious trauma among 87.6 % (176/201) of participants, and arousal vicarious trauma among 83.6 % (168/201) of participants. Extremely severe depression was prevalent among 38.2 % (81/212) of participants, extremely severe anxiety among 47.6 % (101/212) of participants, and extremely severe stress among (26.9 % (57/212) of participants. PTSD symptoms were prevalent among 75 % (151/204) of participants. Resilience was reduced among 67.5 % (135/200) of participants., Interpretation: The study implies that conflict occurring in one's home country can have a profound impact on the mental wellbeing of individuals residing abroad., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no competing interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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