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Glioblastoma is a rapidly growing tumor that accounts for more than 50% of all primary gliomas. Amplification of oncogenes and deletion of tumor suppressor genes frequently affects tumor progression. Thus, the goal of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of gene aberrations of individual glioblastomas. A genome DNA microarray (GenoSensor Array 300), spotted with 287 target genes, was used to analyze resected tissue from 11 different high-grade gliomas. The average number of gene aberrations was 9.0 per case (WHO grade III) and 13.3 per case (WHO grade IV). EGFR was the most frequent amplified gene in this series (4 of 11 cases), and high-level amplification was also detected for EGFR, SAS/CDK4, and AKT1. A high frequency of deleted genes was observed in 6 of 11 cases (54.5%), including FGFR2, MTAP, and DMBT1. The detected gene aberrations were matched to the classical primary glioblastoma pathway in five of nine cases. We conclude that the GenoSensor Array 300 genomic DNA microarray is a useful method for the comprehensive identification of amplified and deleted genes in glioblastoma.

In order to clarify the differences in reactivity between cation radicals and dications, the kinetics and mechanisms were analysed in detail for the reactions of the electrogenerated 2,3,7,8-tetramethoxythianthrene cation radical (TMT˙+) and of the dication (TMT2+) with methanol and pyridine derivatives by using a pulse-electrolysis stopped-flow method. From the rate law determined for each reaction, the reaction mechanisms were elucidated, though they are different depending on the couples in the reactions. The reactions of TMT˙+ proceeded by multi-step reactions including the electron transfer of another TMT˙+ to generate TMT before the rate-determining step (rds). In contrast, in the reactions of TMT2+, it was found that the rds was the first or the second step of the reaction; i.e. the unstable cationic intermediate seems to be formed directly, not by the electron transfer. In addition to the excessive charge present in the dicationic state, a mechanism in which TMT2+ is easily accessible to the rds also seems to explain the high reactivity of TMT2+. The differences in the reaction mechanism depending on the nucleophiles were also supported by observing the substituent effects of pyridine derivatives on the reactions.

To make clear the differences in kinetic behavior between cation radical and dication, detailed analyses were carried out on the reactions of electrogenerated 2,3,7,8-tetramethoxythianthrene cation radical (TMT +· ) and dication (TMT 2+ ) with nucleophiles (methanol and pyridine) by using a pulse-electrolysis stopped-flow method. Compared with the reactions of TMT +· , which proceed via multi-step reactions including the electron transfer of another TMT +· to generate TMT before the rate determining step (rds), in the reactions of TMT 2+ it was found that the rds is the first or the second step of the reactions; i.e. the unstable cationic intermediate seems to be formed directly and not via electron transfer. Besides the additional charge in the dication state, the mechanisms in which TMT 2+ is easily accessible to the rds also suggest the high reactivity of TMT 2+ in comparison with TMT +· . The differences in the reaction mechanisms arising from the type of nucleophile were also discussed.

Seismic isolation was reconfirmed to be extremely efficient for the protection of buildings, and hence human life, on the occasion of the Great Hanshin Earthquake. Rubber bearings are placed under the buildings for isolation, and thus the type of rubber bearings is a dominant factor for efficient isolation. In this report, the performance of peripherally restraining type rubber bearing (PRB) was examined where its contracted model was found to simulate the performance of full scale PRB precisely. Damping ratio and vertical spring constant of PRB are as good as the existing ones. PRB showed lower critical shear strain, but it was concluded that no problems were found for the actual use of PRB.

An immunochemical method for the quantitative determination of specific soluble proteins in individual erythrocytes has been described. Application of the method revealed: 1. From 0.5 to 0.9 per cent of the normal adult erythrocytes studied contained small amounts of γ-chains, from 2.5 to 12.5 µµg. as hemoglobin per cell. 2. In cord blood of normal infants of 38 weeks’ gestation, significant numbers of erythrocytes were found which contained either γ-chains or β-chains or both, independently of carbonic anhydrase B. 3. Once initiated within a given erythrocyte, β-chain synthesis in that cell rapidly approached adult rates. Derepression of carbonic anhydrase B synthesis was independent of derepression of hemoglobin synthesis, and in fetal cells which contained carbonic anhydrase B the amount found was well below that of most adult erythrocytes. 4. In 4 patients homozygous for hemoglobin S and in 2 persons heterozygous for thalassemia, an increase in F hemoglobin was associated with an increase in γ-chain content of individual erythrocytes as well as an increase in the number of erythrocytes containing γ-chains; in 2 patients homozygous for thalassemia, an unusual distribution of cells with increased γ-chain content was observed.

Die Reibungskraft an Zahnflanken hat Einflub auf den Wirkungsgrad von Zahnradgetrieben, auberdem erzeugt sie den Verschleib an Zahnflanken und Schwingungen des Zahnrades. Die Verfasser massen die Reibungskraft an Zahnflanken mit dem Reibungskraft-Mebapparat, der von ihnen entwickelt wurde. Aus diesen Untersuchungen konnen folgende Schlubfolgerungen gezogen werden. (1) Wahrend des Einzeleingriffs nimmt die Reibungszahl mit dem Abstand vom Walzpunkt ab. (2) Eine Reibungszahl, die sich aus der Maximalreibungskraft in der Nahe des Walzpunkt errechnet, nimmt mit der Zunahme der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit am Walzkreis oder der Olviskositat ab. (3) Je grober die Rauheit der Prufrader ist, z.B. wie bei gefrasten Zahnradpaarungen, desto wirksamer ist der Einsatz von EP Olen. (4) In Gebiet dieser Versuches-bedingungen gibt es keine bedeutenden Unterschied in der Reibungszahl zwischen der V-Null Verzahnung und der Normal Verzahnung. (5) Aus diesen Versuchsergebnissen ist die empirische Gleichung fur die Reibungszahl μ entwickelt worden.

Gastric leiomyoblastoma with small mesenteric metastasis in a 44-year-old man has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Histologically, the tumor, having "epithelioid" tumor cells mixed with spindle leiomyomatous cells, was rich in blood vessels and focally simulated hemangiopericytoma. Electron microscopy revealed the tumor cells in variable stages of differentiation from poorly differentiated polygonal cells to smooth muscular cells. The intermediate cells had numerous cytoplasmic processes which interlocked each other. In addition, an intimate association was noted between the tumor cell processes and the small vessels including capillaries. With the recent characterization of the pericyte as a pluripotent mesenchymal cell that may serve as a precursor to the vascular smooth muscle cell, the present observations support the view that some leiomyoblastomas originate from the pericyte of Zimmermann. Leiomyoblastoma may be placed between hemangiopericytoma and glomus tumor in the spectrum of pericytic tumors.

In order to investigate the cellular distribution of catalase in normal, hypocatalasic and acatalasic red blood cells, the fluorescent antibody labelling technic was employed. Sensitive anticatalase sera were produced in rabbits by immunization with purified catalase extracted from human erythrocytes. Specificity against human erythrocyte catalase was confirmed by Ouchterlony’s double diffusion method. The distribution of catalase is fairly homogeneous in normal and hypocatalasic red cells, but in acatalasic cells fluorescence due to the presence of catalase was not observed. By this method the amount of catalase in hypocatalasic red cells was judged to be between that of normal and acatalasic red cells.

The analysis of specific proteins in single cells is described and applied to the determination of immunoglobulins G, A, and M (gammaG, gammaA, and gammaM) in lymphoid cells of the human tonsil. The number of cells containing gammaA or gammaM was much less than the number of cells containing gammaG, but the average cell content of gammaA or gammaM was much greater than the average cell content of gammaG. Similarly, in one child where relatively few cells containing gammaG were found, the average cell content of gammaG in those cells was higher than that in the other children. The limit of sensitivity of the method for each of the three immunoglobulins with the antiserums used was less than 10(-14) gram of the specific protein.

The reactions of 9,10-bis(4-nitrophenyl)- and 9,10-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)anthracene cation radicals (DNA˙+ and DAA˙+) with methanol (MeOH) in acetonitrile were analyzed using a pulse electrolysis stopped-flow method. The reaction of DNA˙+ was found to proceed via the same rate law as the 9,10-diphenylanthracene cation radical (DPA˙+), i.e. −d[DNA˙+]/dt = k[DNA˙+][MeOH]2, with a reaction rate 6 times faster. In contrast, the rate law governing the reaction of DAA˙+ with MeOH was different from that of DPA˙+, and was found to be −d[DAA˙+]/dt = k[DAA˙+]2[MeOH]. Reflecting this difference in the rate laws, an acceleration of the reaction was observed in the decay of DAA˙+ relative to DPA˙+, though methoxy groups usually stabilize aromatic cation radicals. This unusual remote substituent effect, which involves a change in the reaction mechanism, is discussed in terms of stabilization of intermediates in the proposed reaction mechanisms.