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Aim: to evaluate the subjective functional state of the knee joint in professional athletes after arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament depending on the type of the autograft.Materials and methods: the study included 37 professional athletes, divided into 2 groups. Athletes of the first group underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft, i. e. semitendinosus and gracillis tendons (ST/GR group). Athletes of the second group underwent reconstruction using peroneus longus autograft (PL group). For subjective evaluation IKDC, Lysholm and Cincinnati questionnaires were used. The significance of differences was assessed using the Mann — Whitney test. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.Results: according to the Cincinnati questionnaire, the median scores of athletes from the ST/GR group was 96.0 points, from the PL group — 100.0 points (Me [Q1; Q3]: 96.0 [91.0; 100.0] and 100.0 [92.3; 100.0], respectively). According to the criteria of the rating scale, the median Lysholm score in points in the ST/GR group was 95.0, and in the PL group — 97.5 points (Me [Q1; Q3]: 95.0 [90.0;100.0] and 97.5 [92.0;100.0], respectively). According to IKDC measurements, the median score in the ST/GR group was 90.8, and in the PL group — 95.4 (Me [Q1; Q3]: 90.8 [81.0; 94.3] and 95.4 [89.1; 98.5], respectively.Conclusion: peroneus longus tendon autograft can be used for ACL reconstruction in professional athletes.

Abstract Intraventricular hemorrhage is one of the most fatal forms of brain injury that is a common complication of premature infants. However, the therapy of this type of hemorrhage is limited, and new strategies are needed to reduce hematoma expansion. Here we show that the meningeal lymphatics is a pathway to remove red blood cells from the brain’s ventricular system of male human, adult and newborn rodents and is a target for non-invasive transcranial near infrared photobiomodulation. Our results uncover the clinical significance of phototherapy of intraventricular hemorrhage in 4-day old male rat pups that have the brain similar to a preterm human brain. The course of phototherapy in newborn rats provides fast recovery after intraventricular hemorrhage due to photo-improvements of lymphatic drainage and clearing functions. These findings shed light on the mechanisms of phototherapy of intraventricular hemorrhage that can be a clinically relevant technology for treatment of neonatal intracerebral bleedings.

Abstract With the increase in the aging population, the global number of people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progressively increased worldwide. The situation is aggravated by the fact that there is no the effective pharmacological therapy of AD. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is non-pharmacological approach that has shown very promising results in the therapy of AD in pilot clinical and animal studies. However, the mechanisms of therapeutic effects of PBM for AD are poorly understood. In this study on mice, we demonstrate that photodynamic effects of 5-aminolevulenic acid and laser 635 nm cause reduction of network of the meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) leading to suppression of lymphatic removal of beta-amyloid (Aβ) from the right lateral ventricle and the hippocampus. Using the original protocol of PBM under electroencephalographic monitoring of wakefulness and sleep stages in non-anesthetized mice, we discover that the 7-day course of PBM during deep sleep vs. wakefulness provides better restoration of clearance of Aβ from the ventricular system of the brain and the hippocampus. Our results shed light on the mechanism of PBM and show the stimulating effects of PBM on the brain lymphatic drainage that promotes transport of Aβ via the lymphatic pathway. The effects of PBM on the brain lymphatics in sleeping brain open a new niche in the study of restorative functions of sleep as well as it is an important informative platform for the development of innovative smart sleep technologies for the therapy of AD. Graphical Abstract

The lymphatic drainage system of the brain (LDSB) is the removal of metabolites and wastes from its tissues. A dysfunction of LDSB is an important sign of aging, brain oncology, the Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The development of new strategies for diagnosis of LDSB injuries can improve prevention of age-related cerebral amyloid angiopathy, neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. There are two conditions, such as deep sleep and opening of the blood-brain-barrier (OBBB) associated with the LDSB activation. A promising candidate for measurement of LDSB could be electroencephalography (EEG). In this pilot study on rats, we tested the hypothesis, whether deep sleep and OBBB can be an informative platform for an effective extracting of information about the LDSB functions. Using the nonlinear analysis of EEG dynamics and machine learning technology, we discovered that the LDSB activation during OBBB and sleep is associated with similar changes in the EEG θ-activity. The OBBB causes the higher LDSB activation vs. sleep that is accompanied by specific changes in the low frequency EEG activity extracted by the power spectra analysis of the EEG dynamics combined with the coherence function. Thus, our findings demonstrate a link between neural activity associated with the LDSB activation during sleep and OBBB that is an important informative platform for extraction of the EEG-biomarkers of the LDSB activity. These results open new perspectives for the development of technology for the LDSB diagnostics that would open a novel era in the prognosis of brain diseases caused by the LDSB disorders, including OBBB.

Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a neuronal metabolic product that plays an important role in maintaining brain homeostasis. Normally, intensive brain Aβ formation is accompanied by its effective lymphatic removal. However, the excessive accumulation of brain Aβ is observed with age and during the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) leading to cognitive impairment and memory deficits. There is emerging evidence that plasmalogens (Pls), as one of the key brain lipids, may be beneficial for AD and cognitive aging. Here, we studied the effects of Pls on cognitive functions and the lymphatic clearance of Aβ from the brain of AD mice and mice of different ages. The results showed that Pls effectively reduce brain Aβ levels and facilitate learning in aged but not old mice. In AD mice, Pls improve the lymphatic clearance of Aβ that is accompanied by an increase in general motor activity and an improvement of the emotional status and learning ability. Thus, these findings suggest that Pls could be a promising candidate for the alternative or concomitant therapy of AD and age-related brain diseases to enhance the lymphatic clearance of Aβ from the brain and cognitive functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an association between sleep quality and glioma-specific outcomes, including survival. The critical role of sleep in survival among subjects with glioma may be due to sleep-induced activation of brain drainage (BD), that is dramatically suppressed in subjects with glioma. Emerging evidence demonstrates that photobiomodulation (PBM) is an effective technology for both the stimulation of BD and as an add-on therapy for glioma. Emerging evidence suggests that PBM during sleep stimulates BD more strongly than when awake. In this study on male Wistar rats, we clearly demonstrate that the PBM course during sleep vs. when awake more effectively suppresses glioma growth and increases survival compared with the control. The study of the mechanisms of this phenomenon revealed stronger effects of the PBM course in sleeping vs. awake rats on the stimulation of BD and an immune response against glioma, including an increase in the number of CD8+ in glioma cells, activation of apoptosis, and blockage of the proliferation of glioma cells. Our new technology for sleep-phototherapy opens a new strategy to improve the quality of medical care for patients with brain cancer, using promising smart-sleep and non-invasive approaches of glioma treatment.

Anesthesia enables the painless performance of complex surgical procedures. However, the effects of anesthesia on the brain may not be limited only by its duration. Also, anesthetic agents may cause long-lasting changes in the brain. There is growing evidence that anesthesia can disrupt the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), leading to neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. However, there are no widely used methods for real-time BBB monitoring during surgery. The development of technologies for an express diagnosis of the opening of the BBB (OBBB) is a challenge for reducing post-surgical/anesthesia consequences. In this study on male rats, we demonstrate a successful application of machine learning technology, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), to recognize the OBBB induced by isoflurane, which is widely used in surgery. The ANNs were trained on our previously presented data obtained on the sound-induced OBBB with an 85% testing accuracy. Using an optical and nonlinear analysis of the OBBB, we found that 1% isoflurane does not induce any changes in the BBB, while 4% isoflurane caused significant BBB leakage in all tested rats. Both 1% and 4% isoflurane stimulate the brain’s drainage system (BDS) in a dose-related manner. We show that ANNs can recognize the OBBB induced by 4% isoflurane in 57% of rats and BDS activation induced by 1% isoflurane in 81% of rats. These results open new perspectives for the development of clinically significant bedside technologies for EEG-monitoring of OBBB and BDS.

Background : The development of new methods of drug brain delivery is a crucial step for the effective therapy of the brain diseases. Pharma- and acupuncture are the forms of alternative therapy of the brain pathology, including an increase in the permeability of blood-brain barrier. However, the mechanisms of pharma- and acupuncture-mediated effects on the brain physiology remain not fully understood. Results : This pilot study on healthy mice clearly demonstrates the Evans Blue spreading in the mouse head and in the brain via the perivascular spaces (PVSs) of the trigeminal structure and the cribriform plate after the dye injection into the Feng Chi point (Galbladder 20, GB20). Conclusion : These results suggest that pharmacopuncture at GB20 can be a perspective method for brain drug delivery via PVSs.

BackgroundThe development of new methods for modulation of drug distribution across to the brain is a crucial step in the effective therapies for glioblastoma (GBM). In our previous work, we discovered the phenomenon of music-induced opening of the blood-brain barrier (OBBB) in healthy rodents. In this pilot study on rats, we clearly demonstrate that music-induced BBB opening improves the therapeutic effects of bevacizumab (BZM) in rats with GBM via increasing BZM distribution to the brain along the cerebral vessels.MethodsThe experiments were performed on Wistar male rats (200–250 g, n=161) using transfected C6-TagRFP cell line and the loud rock music for OBBB. The OBBB was assessed by spectrofluorometric assay of Evans Blue (EB) extravasation and confocal imaging of fluorescent BZM (fBZM) delivery into the brain. Additionally, distribution of fBZM and Omniscan in the brain was studied using fluorescent and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively. To analyze the therapeutic effects of BZM on the GBM growth in rats without and with OBBB, the GBM volume (MRI scans), as well as immunohistochemistry assay of proliferation (Ki67 marker) and apoptosis (Bax marker) in the GBM cells were studied. The Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test was used for all analysis, the significance level was p < 0.05, n=7 in each group.ResultsOur finding clearly demonstrates that music-induced OBBB increases the delivery of EB into the brain tissues and the extravasation of BZM into the brain around the cerebral vessels of rats with GBM. Music significantly increases distribution of tracers (fBZM and Omniscan) in the rat brain through the pathways of brain drainage system (perivascular and lymphatic), which are an important route of drug delivery into the brain. The music-induced OBBB improves the suppressive effects of BZM on the GBM volume and the cellular mechanisms of tumor progression that was accompanied by higher survival among rats in the GBM+BZM+Music group vs. other groups.ConclusionWe hypothesized that music improves the therapeutic effects of BZM via OBBB in the normal cerebral vessels and lymphatic drainage of the brain tissues. This contributes better distribution of BZM in the brain fluids and among the normal cerebral vessels, which are used by GBM for invasion and co-opt existing vessels as a satellite tumor form. These results open the new perspectives for an improvement of therapeutic effects of BZM via the music-induced OBBB for BZM in the normal cerebral vessels, which are used by GBM for migration and progression.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has a significant contribution to the protection of the central nervous system (CNS). However, it also limits the brain drug delivery and thereby complicates the treatment of CNS diseases. The development of safe methods for an effective delivery of medications and nanocarriers to the brain can be a revolutionary step in the overcoming this limitation. Here, we report the unique properties of the lymphatic system to deliver tracers and liposomes to the brain meninges, brain tissues, and glioma in rats. Using a quantum-dot-based 1267 nm laser (for photosensitizer-free generation of singlet oxygen), we clearly demonstrate photostimulation of lymphatic delivery of liposomes to glioma as well as lymphatic clearance of liposomes from the brain. These pilot findings open promising perspectives for photomodulation of lymphatic delivery of drugs and nanocarriers to the brain pathology bypassing the BBB. The lymphatic “smart” delivery of liposomes with antitumor drugs in the new brain tumor branches might be a breakthrough strategy for the therapy of gliomas.

Aim of the research – to evaluate the effectiveness, to analyze the complications and long-term results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Materials and methods. The results of THA were studied in 26 patients with PsA (19 men, 7 women; average age 54.8±3.1 years, from 38 to 56 years) up to 2 years after surgery. The diagnosis of PsA was established according to CASPAR criteria.Results. The visual analogue scale assessment showed a significant decrease in the intensity of pain in the hip joint in the postoperative period. The average DAPSA activity index before surgery was 25.9 (11–34), after 2 months – 31.3 (16–38), after 6 months – 30.5 (12–37), with a further decrease to 26.1 (12–35) by 24th month. The results of clinical and functional assessment according to Harris in 19 (73%) patients corresponded to an excellent level, in 7 (27%) – to a good level. No infectious, thromboembolic complications were detected. In 1 (4%) patient periprosthetic intraoperative fracture of the femur was diagnosed No new skin psoriatic elements in the field of surgical intervention was fixed.Conclusion. Our data indicate the effectiveness of THA in active PsA, provided that the requirements for careful planning of the intervention, prevention of possible complications and an individualized approach to rehabilitation are met.

Introduction The systemic nature of the disease and the use of modern conservative therapy may cast doubt on the effectiveness and necessity of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). A comprehensive assessment of the functional state, quality of life (QOL) and subjective assessment of patients allows the most complete analysis of treatment results. Objective Comprehensive analysis of short-term results of quality of life, clinical and functional status and treatment satisfaction in patients with AS after THA. Materials and methods 17 patients with AS underwent primary THA (5 women, 12 men, average age 43.8 ± 3.1; from 33 to 52 years). Cases of complete bone ankylosis of the hip joint were excluded. An analysis of the functional state using Harris Hip Score and QOL (SF-36v2) was performed before surgery, 2 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery. Patient treatment satisfaction analysis (VAS) was performed at the same follow-ups. Results A significant improvement in clinical and functional status (HHS) and QOL (SF-36v2) was obtained after 2, 6, 12 months compared with the preoperative level (p < 0.05). High levels of patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes were achieved. Para-articular ossification (3 patients, 18 %), a hematoma in the postoperative wound area (1 patient, 6 %), implant dislocation (1 patient, 6 %) were the main complications. Conclusion THA in patients with AS improves not only the functional state but also the QOL compared with the preoperative level.

Background Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) corresponds to the modern principles of "biological" fixation as it implies closed reduction and plate insertion causing minimal iatrogenic trauma. However, the lack of direct visualization increases the risk of damage to important anatomical structures. Purpose To develop recommendations in the use of MIPO for diaphyseal fractures of the humerus from anterolateral approaches to prevent possible complications and improve the results. Methods 16 shoulders of fresh cadavers were included in the study. In all cases, MIPO was performed with a straight plate (10–12 holes) and screws (2 proximal and 2 distal) using two anteriolateral approaches. Complete revision of the shoulder area was carried out in order to determine the accuracy of plate location and the relationship between the implant, neurovascular structures and bone landmarks. Results No damage or compression of the neurovascular and tendomuscular humerus structures was revealed. The average distance from the acromion to n. axillaris was 5.8 ± 0.66 mm (range from 4.9 to 6.9 mm). The average distance from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to n. musculocutaneus was 56.5 ± 4.66 mm (from 49 to 63 mm). We observed the difference in location at the extreme pronation (5.1 ± 0.33 mm, from 4.5 to 5.7 mm) and supination positions of the forearm (5.8 ± 0.6 mm, from 5.1 to 6.1 mm) measuring the distance between the edge of the plate and n. radialis. The average distance between the distal medial edge of the plate and a. brachialis, n. medianus was 17.1 ± 2.7 mm (from 13 to 21 mm). Conclusions Based on the obtained data, we offer MIPO recommendations for anterolateral accesses in diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. Compliance with the proposed recommendations will reduce the risk of iatrogenic damage and improve the results of humeral fractures treatment.

Objective: to develop an algorithm for determining the extent of surgical intervention for pain in the heel region based on a comprehensive clinical and instrumental assessment of the functional state of the lower extremities. Materials and methods: during the examination of 18 athletes with pain in the heel area, we used a thermal imaging examination (at rest and after exercise) in combination with magnetic resonance imaging data. Infrared thermography was performed using an infrared camera. Data analysis was carried out using the specialized online service tvision.pro, which allows you to track the dynamics of the patient's thermographic picture. The combination of images of thermographic and MRI studies makes it possible to assess the functional state of the structures of the heel region with the identification of the structures most involved in the pathological process. Results: based on the experience of treating athletes with pain in the heel area, we developed an algorithm for determining the extent of surgical intervention for Haglund deformity. The algorithm is based on the analysis of MRI data and their comparison with the results of the examination of the soft tissue of the heel area using functional thermal imaging. Conclusions: a comprehensive analysis of the data of thermographic and tomographic studies allows you to perform an objective assessment of the functional state of the patient based on the primary localization of the pathological process. The developed algorithm is applicable for planning the extent of surgical intervention and making a choice of preferable technique. The proposed tactic contributes to early return to competitive load. The infrared thermography technique provides important additional data on the functional state of the athlete's musculoskeletal system. It is absolutely safe for both the patient and the specialist who conducts the study.

The article reviews the existing methods of injury prevention in sport currently used in Russia and abroad. The article analyzes therapeutic exercises for injury prevention programs and the possible mechanisms of their action. The authors studied the perspectives of prophylactic exercises for injury prevention. The article presents genetic methods for musculoskeletal system injury prevention. The article raises issues of predisposition to various sports depending on the genotype. In addition, the article describes the psychological aspects of the sport injury prevention, in particular, international experience of the injury psycho-prevention in top-level sports.

Eighty six species of grasshoppers belonging to 11 subfamilies and 3 families are recorded for the Ciscaucasia. Paracinema tricolor (Charpentier, 1825), Stenobothrus stigmaticus (Rambur, 1838) and Omocestus minutus (Brullé, 1832) are recorded for the region for the first time. Limits of distribution in the region are established for Stenobothrus miramae and Acrotylus longipes, firstly recorded in 2016. The distribution of grasshoppers by the main physical-geographical areas of the Ciscaucasia is shown. The highest diversity of grasshoppers is registered for the Eastern Ciscaucasia, where 63 species are recorded, 20 ones (23.3% of the total number of species) of which were found only in the region, that indicates the faunistic specificity of the territory. Fifty four species of grasshoppers are recorded for the Central Ciscaucasia. High similarity of faunas in the Terek-Sunzha Hills and Mineralnye Vody laccoliths can be explained by the pervasion of mountain elements from the North Caucasus. High similarity of grasshopper faunas is observed also between different areas of the Western Ciscaucasia, where 45 species are registered. Life forms of grasshoppers, such as gramineous chortobionts (32 species, 37%), eremobions (18 species, 21%) and facultative chortobionts (17 species, 20%) are most abundantly represented in the Ciscaucasia. Grassfeeding chortobionts are observed exclusively in the Western Ciscaucasia, while psammobionts are distributed only in the Eastern Ciscaucasia. The number of geophils in the Ciscaucasia regularly increases from the west to the east with increasing landscape aridization. Eremippus opacus is the only endemic of the Ciscaucasia; Stenobothrus caucasicus is an endemic of the North Caucasus; Asiotmethis turritus and Nocarodes geniculatus are two subendemic species in the North Caucasus.

The progress in brain diseases treatment is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents delivery of the vast majority of drugs from the blood into the brain. In this study, we discover unknown phenomenon of opening of the BBBB (BBBO) by low-level laser treatment (LLLT, 1268 nm) in the mouse cortex. LLLT-BBBO is accompanied by activation of the brain drainage system contributing effective delivery of liposomes into glioblastoma (GBM). The LLLT induces the generation of singlet oxygen without photosensitizers (PSs) in the blood endothelial cells and astrocytes, which can be a trigger mechanism of BBBO. LLLT-BBBO causes activation of the ABC-transport system with a temporal decrease in the expression of tight junction proteins. The BBB recovery is accompanied by activation of neuronal metabolic activity and stabilization of the BBB permeability. LLLT-BBBO can be used as a new opportunity of interstitial PS-free photodynamic therapy (PDT) for modulation of brain tumor immunity and improvement of immuno-therapy for GBM in infants in whom PDT with PSs, radio- and chemotherapy are strongly limited, as well as in adults with a high allergic reaction to PSs.

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) limits the delivery of majority of cancer drugs and thereby complicates brain tumor treatment. The nasal-brain-lymphatic system is discussed as a pathway for brain drug delivery overcoming the BBB. However, in most cases, this method is not sufficient to achieve a therapeutic effect due to brain drug delivery in a short distance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technologies to overcome the obstacles facing nose-to-brain delivery of promising pharmaceuticals. In this study, we clearly demonstrate intranasal delivery of liposomes to the mouse brain reaching glioblastoma (GBM). In the experiments with ablation of the meningeal lymphatic network, we report an important role of meningeal pathway for intranasal delivery of liposomes to the brain. Our data revealed that GBM is characterized by a dramatic reduction of intranasal delivery of liposomes to the brain that was significantly improved by near-infrared (1267 nm) photostimulation of the lymphatic vessels in the area of the cribriform plate and the meninges. These results open new perspectives for non-invasive improvement of efficiency of intranasal delivery of cancer drugs to the brain tissues using nanocarriers and near-infrared laser-based therapeutic devices, which are commercially available and widely used in clinical practice.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising add-on therapy to the current standard of care for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). The traditional explanation of the anti-cancer PDT effects involves the PDT-induced generation of a singlet oxygen in the GBM cells, which causes tumor cell death and microvasculature collapse. Recently, new vascular mechanisms of PDT associated with opening of the blood–brain barrier (OBBB) and the activation of functions of the meningeal lymphatic vessels have been discovered. In this review, we highlight the emerging trends and future promises of immunotherapy for brain tumors and discuss PDT-OBBB as a new niche and an important informative platform for the development of innovative pharmacological strategies for the modulation of brain tumor immunity and the improvement of immunotherapy for GBM.

Sixty one species of grasshoppers from 35 genera and 8 subfamilies are recorded for the North-West Caucasus. The features of biotopic distribution of grasshoppers are analyzed on the main types of landscapes in the region. In the Kuban – CisAzov biogeographic province, the highest diversity of grasshoppers is characteristic of steppe biotopes with forb-grass vegetation, where 25 species are noted. The highest diversity is typical for low-mountain meadows and mountain steppes, which number 22 grasshoppers species each in the Black Sea – Kuban province. At the same time, these landscapes are characterized by a low value of the measure of similarity of Sørensen-Chekanovsky (0.51). Gramineous chortobionts (52%) and facultative chortobionts (16%) dominate in the fauna of the NorthWest Caucasus, the remaining life forms of grasshoppers are represented by a relatively small number of species. Among the grasshoppers, seven endemic species for the North-West Caucasus, as well as two endemic species for the whole Caucasus, are noted.

Eighty five species of spiders belonging to 18 families are found in Taman Peninsula and Tuzla Island, from which 13 species were collected in Tuzla Island and 80 species in Taman Peninsula. The following species, Eratigena agrestis (Walckenaer, 1802), Singa hamata (Clerck, 1758), Devade tanella (Tystshenko, 1965), Lathys stigmatisata (Menge, 1869), Harpactea alexandrae Lazarov, 2006, Gnaphosa cumensis Ponomarev, 1981, G. leporina (L. Koch, 1866), G. ukrainica Ovtsharenko, Platnick et Song, 1992, Haplodrassus orientalis (L. Koch, 1866), Zelotes hermani (Chyzer in Chyzer et Kulczyński, 1897), Z. orenburgensis Tuneva et Esyunin, 2003, Centromerus abditus Gnelitsa, 2007, Sintula retrovesus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875), Stemonyphantes lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Agroeca dentigera Kulczyński, 1913, Liocranoeca spasskyi Ponomarev, 2007, Evippa apsheronica Marusik, Guseinov et Koponen, 2003, Pardosa italica Tongiorgi, 1966, Pulchellodromus medius (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872), Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875, Thanatus mongolicus (Schenkel, 1936), Heliophanus lineiventris Simon, 1868, Logunyllus vittatus (Thorell, 1875), Pellenes allegrii Caporiacco, 1935, Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (P. Rossi, 1790), Zodarion thoni Nosek, 1905 are recorded for Krasnodar Region for the first time. In addition, Tegenaria hasperi Chyzer, 1897 is a new record for the fauna of Russia.

The lymphatic system of the brain meninges and head plays a crucial role in the clearance of amyloid-β protein (Aβ), a peptide thought to be pathogenic in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), from the brain. The development of methods to modulate lymphatic clearance of Aβ from the brain coild be a revolutionary step in the therapy of AD. The opening of the blood–brain barrier (OBBB) by focused ultrasound is considered as a possible tool for stimulation of clearance of Aβ from the brain of humans and animals. Here, we propose an alternative method of noninvasive music-induced OBBB that is accompanied by the activation of clearance of fluorescent Aβ (Fαβ) from the mouse brain. Using confocal imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and magnetic resonance tomography, we clearly demonstrate that OBBB by music stimulates the movement of Fαβ and Omniscan in the cerebrospinal fluid and lymphatic clearance of Fαβ from the brain. We propose the extended detrended fluctuation analysis (EDFA) as a promising method for the identification of OBBB markers in the electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns. These pilot results suggest that music-induced OBBB and the EDFA analysis of EEG can be a noninvasive, low-cost, labeling-free, clinical perspective and completely new approach for the treatment and monitoring of AD.

The deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, new strategies for the stimulation of Aβ clearance from the brain can be useful in preventing AD. Transcranial photostimulation (PS) is considered a promising method for AD therapy. In our previous studies, we clearly demonstrated the PS-mediated stimulation of lymphatic clearing functions, including Aβ removal from the brain. There is increasing evidence that sleep plays an important role in Aβ clearance. Here, we tested our hypothesis that PS at night can stimulate Aβ clearance from the brain more effectively than PS during the day. Our results on healthy mice show that Aβ clearance from the brain occurs faster at night than during wakefulness. The PS course at night improves memory and reduces Aβ accumulation in the brain of AD mice more effectively than the PS course during the day. Our results suggest that night PS is a more promising candidate as an effective method in preventing AD than daytime PS. These data are an important informative platform for the development of new noninvasive and nonpharmacological technologies for AD therapy as well as for preventing Aβ accumulation in the brain of people with disorder of Aβ metabolism, sleep deficit, elderly age, and jet lag.

Twenty seven species of grasshoppers are recorded for the territory of the Taman Peninsula, from which 2 species are given according to the literature data. Ramburiella turcomana (Fischer von Waldheim, 1846) and Stenobothrus miramae Dirsh, 1931 are recorded for the Taman Peninsula for the first time and Acrotylus longipes (Charpentier, 1845) is new for the fauna of the Caucasus. The description of the laying eggs process and the egg capsules of Acrotylus longipes are described.

The detection of early gastric cancer that often develops asymptomatically is crucial for improving patient survival. The photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of gastric cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid/protoporphyrin IX (5-ALA/PpIX) has been reported in several studies. However, the selectivity of PDD of gastric tumor is poor with often false-positive results that require the development of new methods to improve PDD for early gastric cancer. Therefore, a measure of the complexity of gastric microcirculation (multi-scale entropy, MSE) and the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) were applied as additional tools to detect early gastric cancer in rats.In this experimental study, we used our original model of metastatic adenocarcinoma in the stomach of a rat. To induce a gastric tumor, we used a long-term combination (for 9 months, which is 1/2 of the life of rats) of two natural factors, such as chronic stress (overpopulation being typical for modern cities) and the daily presence of nitrites in food and drinks, which are common ingredients added to processed meat and fish to help preserve food. Our results clearly show that both methods, namely, PDD using 5-ALA/PpIX and complexity/correlation analysis, can detect early gastric cancer, which was confirmed by histological analysis. Pre-cancerous areas in the stomach were detected as an intermediate fluorescent signal or MSE level between normal and malignant lesions of the stomach. However, in some cases, PDD with 5-ALA/PpIX produced a false-positive fluorescence of exogenous fluorophores due to its accumulation in benign and inflammatory areas of the mucosa. This fact indicates that the PDD itself is not sufficient for the correct diagnosis of gastric cancer, and the use of additional characteristics, e.g., complexity measures or scaling exponents, can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of PDD of gastric cancer that should be confirmed in further clinical studies and applications.