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‘Joe’ (Reg. No. CV-1119, PI 676270) hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed at the Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, and released by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2015. Joe was selected from a single cross of KS04HW101-3/KS04HW119-3 made in 2005 at Hays, KS. The objective of this cross was to develop a hard white winter wheat cultivar with adaptation to dryland production in western Kansas. Joe was developed using a modified bulk breeding method. Joe is an F₆–derived line with experimental number KS11HW39-5-4, and it was tested in yield trials from 2010 to 2015. Joe is medium late and medium tall with a medium high test weight and medium protein concentration. Its milling and baking quality is acceptable to good. Joe was released because of its high grain yield potential in western Kansas and its good resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Westend.), leaf rust (caused by P. triticina f. sp. tritici Ericks.), and Wheat streak mosaic virus.

Carbon isotope discrimination (CID) has been suggested as an indirect selection criterion for grain yield under drought stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, the association between CID and grain yield varies greatly among different studies. In this study, conducted in western Kansas, a temperate semi-arid region, the genetic variation of grain CID and its association with grain yield and other agronomic traits were examined using 43 preliminary and 15 advanced breeding lines under dryland conditions. The 43 preliminary breeding lines were tested in three environments while the 15 advanced breeding lines were tested in one environment. Results showed that both preliminary and advanced breeding lines had significant genetic variations and relatively small coefficients of variation in grain CID, indicating grain CID as a promising trait for selection in wheat breeding programs. In the trials for the preliminary breeding lines, the association between grain CID and grain yield was significant (P

‘Clara CL’ (Reg. No. CV-XX; PI 665948) hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed at the Agricultural Research Center–Hays, Kansas State University and released by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2011. Clara CL carries one Clearfield gene and has tolerance to imazamox herbicide. Clara CL was selected from a single cross of KS03HW154/KS03HW1 using a modified bulk breeding method. Both parental lines are unreleased hard white winter experimental lines from Kansas State University. The objective of the cross was to develop a hard white winter wheat variety with herbicide resistance and adaptation to the semiarid area in western Kansas. Clara CL was released because of its tolerance to imazamox herbicide, high grain yield potential under nonirrigated conditions in western Kansas, preharvest sprouting tolerance, and good disease and insect resistance. T.J. Martin and G. Zhang, Agricultural Research Center–Hays, Kansas State Univ., Hays, KS 67601; A.K. Fritz, Dep. of Agronomy, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506; R. Miller, Dep. of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506; M.-S. Chen, USDA–ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506. Registration by CSSA. Received 23 July 2013. *Corresponding author (gzhang@ksu.edu). Abbreviations: ARCH, Agricultural Research Center–Hays; AYN, advanced yield nursery; HWWW, hard white winter wheat; KIN, Kansas Intra-State Nursery; KSU, Kansas State University; PPO, polyphenol oxidase; PYN, preliminary yield nursery; SBMV, Soil-borne mosaic virus; SRPN, Southern Regional Performance Nursery; WQC, Wheat Quality Council; WSMV, Wheat streak mosaic virus. ‘Clara CL’ (Reg. No. CV-XX; PI 665948) is a hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (HWWW) variety developed at the Agricultural Research Center–Hays (ARCH), Kansas State University (KSU), and released by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2011. Clara CL was selected from the single cross KS03HW154/KS03HW1. Both parental lines, KS03HW154 and KS03HW1, are unreleased hard white winter experimental lines developed at ARCH. KS03HW154 is a sister line to ‘RonL’ (PI 648020) with the pedigree ‘Trego’ (PI 612576; Martin et al., 2001)/CO960293. KS03HW1 was derived from the four-way cross FS2/KS97HW150//KS97HW349/3/Trego. FS2 is a proprietary wheat germplasm developed by BASF Corporation (formerly American Cyanamid) through induced mutagenesis, and it carries Als1 locus (D genome) conferring tolerance to the imidazolinone class of herbicides (also known as Beyond herbicide) (Newhouse et al., 1992). Clara CL is an F6–derived line, which was tested as experimental line number KS08HW35-1. Clara CL was released because of its imazamox herbicide tolerance, high grain yield potential in the dryland production system in western Kansas, preharvest sprouting tolerance, and good resistance to the major diseases in western Kansas. CL in the name stands for Clearfield, the trademark for Beyond herbicide tolerance.

‘Denali’ (Reg. No. CV-1075, PI 664256) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released cooperatively by Colorado State University (CSU) and Kansas State University (KSU) in August 2011 through a marketing agreement with the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. In addition to researchers at CSU and KSU, USDA-ARS researchers at Manhattan, KS, St. Paul, MN, and Pullman, WA participated in its development. Denali was selected from the cross CO980829/‘TAM 111’ made in 2001 at Fort Collins, CO. CO980829 is an experimental line from CSU with the pedigree ‘Yuma’ (PI 559720)/PI 372129//CO850034/3/4*Yuma/4/NEWS12. TAM 111 (PI 631352) is a hard red winter wheat cultivar released by Texas A&M University in 2002. Denali was selected as an F 5:6 line in July 2007 and assigned experimental line number CO050303-2. Denali was released because of its superior grain yield under nonirrigated and irrigated production conditions in eastern Colorado, its grain volume weight, and its resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.).

A recently identified Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) resistance gene Wsm2 confers a high level of resistance. Objective of this study was to identify closely linked DNA markers for Wsm2 for use in marker-assisted selection (MAS) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two segregating populations (CO960293-2 × ‘TAM 111’ and CO960293-2 × ‘Yuma’) of F2:3 families were evaluated for response to WSMV infection in growth chamber experiments. Forty-eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) or sequence-tagged site (STS) markers were screened for polymorphism between the parents of both populations. In the CO960293-2 × TAM 111 population, five markers were mapped to the region of Wsm2 with XSTS3B-55 being the closest marker (5.2 cM distal to Wsm2). In the CO960293-2 × Yuma population, eight markers were linked to Wsm2 with the closest marker Xbarc102 linked at 3.9 cM proximal to Wsm2. Results from consensus mapping of the two populations suggested that Xbarc102 was distal to Wsm2. The marker Xbarc102 was associated with Wsm2 in all 22 wheat lines derived from crosses between susceptible parents and either CO960293-2 or ‘RonL’ (also carrying Wsm2). The marker allele Xbarc102-219-bp present in CO960293-2 was amplified in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from Wsm2-carrying genotypes CO960293-w133, RonL, and ‘Snowmass’ but not from the resistant line KS96HW10-3 (carrying Wsm1) or the susceptible genotypes ‘Karl 92’, ‘TAM 107’, and ‘N96L9970’. Therefore, this marker should be useful for MAS of Wsm2 in breeding programs. H. Lu, R. Devkota, and J. Rudd, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Amarillo, 6500 Amarillo Blvd, West, Amarillo, TX 79106; R. Kottke, P. Byrne, and S.D. Haley, Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523; P.S. Amand and G. Bai, USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506; A. Bernardo, Department of Plant Pathology, 4024 Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506; T.J. Martin, KSU Ag Research Center-Hays, 1232 240th Ave., Hays, KS 67601; H. Lu (present address): Everglades Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, 3200 E. Palm Beach Rd., Belle Glade, FL 33430. Received 18 July 2011. *Corresponding author ( jcrudd@ag.tamu.edu). Abbreviations: DPI, days post inoculation; FHB, Fusarium head blight; LOD, logarithm of the odds; MAS, marker-assisted selection; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; QTL, quantitative trait loci/locus; RH, relative humidity; SSR, simple sequence repeat; STS, sequencetagged site; WSMV, Wheat streak mosaic virus. Published in Crop Sci. 52 (2012). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2011.07.0363 Published online 2 Dec. 2011. © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.

‘Snowmass’ (Reg. No. CV-1050, PI 658597) hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released in July 2009 through a marketing agreement with the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. In addition to researchers at Colorado State University (CSU) and Kansas State University (KSU), USDA-ARS researchers at Manhattan, KS, St. Paul, MN, and Pullman, WA, participated in its development. Snowmass was selected from the cross KS96HW94//‘Trego’/CO960293 made in 1999 at Fort Collins, CO, with the initial F 1 between Trego and CO960293 made by KSU at Hays, KS. KS96HW94 is an unreleased experimental line from KSU with the pedigree ‘Arlin’ (PI 564246)/KS89H20. Trego is a hard white winter wheat cultivar released by KSU in 1999. CO960293 is an unreleased experimental line from CSU from which the germplasm release CO960293–2 was selected. Snowmass was selected as an F 6:7 line in July 2006 and assigned experimental line number CO03W054–2. Snowmass was released because of its superior grain yield under nonirrigated production conditions in eastern Colorado; its resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus, stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici), and stem rust (P. graminis f. sp. tritici); and its superior milling and bread-baking quality.

‘Mace’ (Reg. No. CV-1027, PI 651043) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and released in December 2007. Mace was selected from the cross Yuma//PI 372129/3/CO850034/4/4*Yuma/5/(KS91H184/Arlin S//KS91HW29/3/NE89526). Mace primarily was released for its resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and adaptation to rainfed and irrigated wheat production systems in Nebraska and adjacent areas in the northern Great Plains. Mace was derived from a head selection made from a heterogeneous, in terms of fi eld resistance to WSMV, F 5 line. Resistance to WSMV is conditioned by the Wsm-1 gene, located on an introgressed chromosome arm from Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey [Agropyron intermedium (Horst.) Beauv.] present as a 4DL.4AgS chromosomal translocation. Mace was tested under the experimental designation N02Y5117.

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is one of the most important diseases limiting winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the western Great Plains of North America. There is no known effective WSMV resistance within the primary gene pool of wheat. However, a resistance gene (Wsm1) has been transferred to wheat from a perennial relative, intermediate wheat-grass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & DR Dewey]. Nebraska-adapted winter wheat lines carrying Wsm1 were used to characterize the effects of this alien introgression on agronomic and quality traits. Sister-lines from six breeding populations were evaluated under virus-free conditions, and under a naturally occurring viral infection. In uninfected locations, no significant difference for grain yield was detected between resistant (R) and susceptible (S) lines, when averaged over populations, but resistant lines had significantly higher test weights. Within populations, significantly higher grain yield was observed only in population 1, while significantly higher test weights occurred in populations 1, 2, 5 and 6. At the infected location, resistant lines were significantly higher in yield in five of six populations. In two of six populations, susceptible lines were significantly higher in bread loaf volume and bake mix time, while in the remaining populations, no significant quality differences were observed. As the Wsm1 gene provided yield advantages under viral infection, and there was no yield detriment in the absence of the virus, its deployment in hard winter wheat cultivars merits consideration.

Variability in grain color of hard white wheat was investigated incultivars grown over two years in Nebraska and Kansas and related tovariation observed in grain hardness, kernel weight, kernel size, and proteincontent and to color of ground meal and flour. Grain color was scoredsubjectively, through visual evaluation, and objectively through use of acolorimeter. Of the 543 hard white wheat samples examined byUSDA-GIPSA grain inspectors, 15.5% were scored as visually darker thanthe 1990 grain color standard established as a minimum for hard whitewheat classification. The remaining samples were scored as having graincolor essentially equal (28.2%), or visually `whiter' (56.4%), than thecolor standard. Distributions of colorimeter L, a, and b values suggest thatthe colorimeter had difficulty in capturing the subtleties of visual ratings.There were significant decreases in kernel hardness and grain proteincontent among samples that scored visually `whiter' than the colorstandard. Grain color, measured either visually or by colorimeter, was nota reliable indicator of either ground meal color or flour color. As such, itmay provide little indication of grain quality, end-product color, orprocessing value to the milling and baking industries.