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From the entry into force of the 1978 Constitution, territorial planning began to be implemented in Spain, in its own sense. However, after several decades, this public function has not completed its development, finding itself in what has come to be called a certain "stagnation." The previous situation makes it very necessary to continue moving forward and decisively betting on territorial policies. Now, what situation it is in and how to carry out this necessary advance, are essential questions and a starting point, to be able to achieve what is proclaimed. And it is in the so-called territorial management where the answer seems to lie. The purpose of this article is, precisely, to point out the main issues of territorial management, articulating and proposing means that enable its implementation and thus the advancement of territorial planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the two main extra-urban sanctuaries of Argos, the Heraion and the sanctuary of Zeus at Nemea, allows us to drawn a territorial history of the city during the Hellenistic and Imperial periods. While during the Classical and early Hellenistic periods, the Argives integrated extra-urban and border areas into their political and cultic system and into the representations they made of their city, there was a change of territorial paradigm under the domination of Hellenistic tyrants. These rulers privilege the centralization of the political, diplomatic and cultic functions within the walls of Argos, to the detriment of the extra-urban spaces condemned to become peripheries, which keep only economic or symbolic functions. Under the Roman domination, the community reappropriates part of these peripheral spaces and invests them with new functions, notably linked to the imperial cult.

Les systèmes de circuits-courts alimentaires alternatifs, incarnés en France par le modèle des Associations pour le maintien d’une agriculture paysanne (AMAP), ont initialement pour objectif d’établir des liens de solidarité entre consommation et production. Ces systèmes alimentaires ont progressivement été investis d’enjeux supplémentaires, particulièrement en matière de justice sociale, en visant à donner accès au plus grand nombre à des produits alimentaires inaccessibles dans les circuits conventionnels de distribution. Pourtant, malgré le travail fourni au sein du mouvement amapien pour atteindre cette ouverture sociale, les catégories intermédiaires et dominantes restent fortement surreprésentées parmi les adhérent·e·s de ces systèmes. Cet article vise à saisir les principes à l’oeuvre dans la faible ouverture sociale des AMAP. Il mobilise des données qualitatives (entretiens biographiques et observations) produites lors d’un travail d’enquête mené entre 2013 et 2019 dans l’agglomération lyonnaise, auprès d’AMAP locales et des réseaux militants qui coordonnent le mouvement amapien. La multiplication des enjeux projetés sur les AMAP génère des contradictions internes, avec lesquelles les responsables des collectifs amapiens composent difficilement. Alors que les AMAP apparaissent désarmées pour mettre en place une plus grande accessibilité économique des circuits-courts, l’ouverture sociale de ces systèmes apparaît susceptible de menacer l’entre-soi social sur lequel les collectifs amapiens se sont localement constitués. La difficulté des AMAP à inclure économiquement, symboliquement et socialement des catégories dominées doit en réalité beaucoup à la manière dont ces catégories sont exclues, en amont, des processus de définition des enjeux opérés par les réseaux militants amapiens et par les collectivités territoriales qui entendent lutter contre la précarité alimentaire.

ASEAN countries are promoting regionally balanced development in their policy in response to development disparity resulting from rapid urbanization. This study aims to draw strategic approaches for balanced development based on the current status of territorial development of the ASEAN countries. Through the lens of Korea's territorial development experience, this study presents three strategic types for balanced territorial development and an analysis framework to connect the strategic types and the territorial conditions of ASEAN countries. This study analyzes the current status from five aspects: (1) the current status of urbanization and industrialization, (2) the size distribution of cities, (3) the spatial structure of the territories, (4) the state of regional development, and (5) balanced development visions and territorial policies. Based on the analysis results, this study categorizes the ASEAN countries that exhibit similar territorial development and applies the strategic types. This study derives policy measures suitable to each strategic type that will help the ASEAN countries to facilitate balanced development in accordance with their territorial state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental issues such as the progressive loss of biodiversity on a global scale and climate change cannot be separated from other territorial problems caused by social injustice, economic inequality, access to natural resources, gender violence and the fight for human and nature's rights. The evaluation of biodiversity management strategies must by necessity draw on a retrospective look at the interpretation of the problem and the conceptual approach of the general territorial management policies in which they are framed. From a critical view, these approaches have different nuances depending on the historical journey, theories and main actors involved with territorial policies in different regions of the world. In this work, we apply qualitative content analysis to contrast the key concepts on which the main European territorial policies of recent decades have been based with the main guidelines of the emerging Latin American territorial perspectives. Thus, we seek to initiate a dialogue between the northern hemisphere's globally hegemonic notions of nature, territory, biodiversity and its management and new theories and proposals from the South, whilst simultaneously contrasting both with the content of the latest Convention on Biological Biodiversity Strategic Plan 2011–2020. We conclude with some recommendations aimed at building bridges and contributing to the construction of future global conservation strategies from a critical and territorial perspective that tends towards integrating sustainability with social and environmental justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living Labs can be initiated by civil society to address the shortcomings of the Welfare State, but Living Labs are increasingly used by public authorities to involve external stakeholders in innovation for the transformation of public policies. The article proposes three types of Living Labs and three scenarios for innovating in public action, depending on the engagement of citizens, stakeholders, or public decision-makers. This model is tested for analyzing the Lille Metropole ″Living Lab for Youth″, in France, experimentation funded by a national call for projects to co-construct an innovative policy at a metropolitan level with young people. This case study shows how public institutions could articulate the three types of Living Lab on a long-term perspective to transform public action step by step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A digital, inclusive, and citizen-oriented society with opportunities for all must offer the skills to face the challenges of the digital transition. This change requires specific territorial-based policies that emphasize the diversity and geographic specificity of their contexts and populations. It is in this sense that the PerSoParAge project intended to contribute by presenting proposals, with a view to defining territorial policies for the inclusion and digital literacy of ageing territories in the interior of the country. The analysis of the territory of the interior of Portugal was carried out based on quantitative and qualitative methods, through a questionnaire survey on the use of ICT applied to the population over 55 years of age in the districts of Castelo Branco, Guarda and Portalegre. The sample comprised 408 individuals and the data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and content analysis. The results indicate that older populations, with a low level of education and residing in rural areas, have difficulties in accessing digital networks, reduced use of technological devices and the internet, as well as significant levels of exclusion and digital illiteracy. There is an urgent need to invest digitally in the interior of the country, developing them, and in the most aged people, training them and including them digitally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the strategic action of activists who shape the policy community of territorial discussion in Brazil highlighting the role of ideas and the experience contributed by these actors in the federal government that began in 2003, culminating in with the formulation of the development policy of rural territories. Among the different theoretical perspectives, we chose to use the interface of US and French. Among the different theoretical perspectives, we chose to use the interface of North American and French contributions, the public policy community and the cognitive approach, respectively. The article brings together the trajectories, experiences and ideas of the actors who participated in the management of the Secretariat for Territorial Development (SDT) in PT governments, researchers on the theme of rural development and representatives of social movements. This information was collected through in-depth interviews, research on newspaper sites and reading of the minutes of the National Council for Sustainable Rural Development. The main conclusions indicate that these militants, when integrating the policy community responsible for the adoption of a new global framework, decisively influenced the foundations and outlines of public policies for rural development in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Part of a broader work on uneven territorial development in Latin America, this article makes a historical review of the cumulative and dynamic impacts on the territory, the cities in particular, of the policies and actions of the different state forms existing in the formations. socio-economic aspects of the region, from the conquest by the Iberian powers, to the present day when the consolidation of the neoliberal pattern of capital accumulation, as the current architecture of historical capitalism, determines the structure, form, processes and conflicts of our large metropolises and regional cities, dominated by transnationalized real estate-financial capitals, in their articulation with subsidiary governments and facilitators of their operation. It is an effort of theoretical construction based on the interpretation of the specific historical processes that occurred in a region that has shared similar situations of domination and subordination to the different hegemonic powers for centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the forms of mobility and (im)mobility of migrants and asylum seekers who are outside the institutional reception system. Through the narration of two ethnographic cases placed in northern and southern Italy, the authors retrace the biographical and geographic trajectories of migrants, and compare them with territorial policies. By analysing two very different contexts from the economic and social point of view, we highlight the similarities between these territories, the mobility and immobility they generate and through which they are crossed, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This dialogue with Luca Mercalli, researcher and science communicator of environmental issues, focuses on the link between climate change and migration, with a particular reference to what is currently happening here and there in Italian mountains. It is a sort of ‘upwelling’ towards mountain areas whose protagonists (new mountaineers) try to fulfil not only an economic but also a life project. Mercalli explains the reasons of this movement towards the mountains which, in the next future, will become an increasingly central issue in territorial policies, telling his personal experience and choice to live in the upper Susa valley, in the borough of Vazon (Oulx). A complex challenge, this, between struggles and the great beauty expressed in that place. Attention and regard to the place accompany his project both in re-functionalizing and in building technique choices. A sort of ship’s log that helps reflect on the urgent programmes and policies for the re-activation of mountain territories.

Environmental issues such as the progressive loss of biodiversity on a global scale and climate change cannot be separated from other territorial problems caused by social injustice, economic inequality, access to natural resources, gender violence and the fight for human and nature’s rights. The evaluation of biodiversity management strategies must by necessity draw on a retrospective look at the interpretation of the problem and the conceptual approach of the general territorial management policies in which they are framed. From a critical view, these approaches have different nuances depending on the historical journey, theories and main actors involved with territorial policies in different regions of the world. In this work, we apply qualitative content analysis to contrast the key concepts on which the main European territorial policies of recent decades have been based with the main guidelines of the emerging Latin American territorial perspectives. Thus, we seek to initiate a dialogue between the northern hemisphere’s globally hegemonic notions of nature, territory, biodiversity and its management and new theories and proposals from the South, whilst simultaneously contrasting both with the content of the latest Convention on Biological Biodiversity Strategic Plan 2011–2020. We conclude with some recommendations aimed at building bridges and contributing to the construction of future global conservation strategies from a critical and territorial perspective that tends towards integrating sustainability with social and environmental justice.

"The article deals with the concept of regionalism including it in the dialogue between architectural culture and alpine world through an interdisciplinary perspective. As a result of historical processes of interaction with external cultural, social and economic situations, the Alps look as a mosaic of identities with an evasive and discontinuous contour. This has encouraged the segmentation of approaches to read them and the increase of the geographies, through regionalism, has tried to reconstruct the logic and coherence of this space. In the second half of last century, the criticism to the regionalist paradigm has led to a new view of the region that can find new perspectives in the regionalism as a space of governance of the territory. Through regionalism, the contemporary alpine architecture brings up the complex network of cultural circulation and government and political systems. The architectural culture stands as a medium of comprehension of the territory as an expression of values, awareness and common and shared practices. In this perspective, regionalism reflects the cultures and the needs of living in the mountains. At the same time the culture of construction needs the participation of a civil society aware of the values of inclusion and belonging; in other words a society that, through culture, expresses awareness and common and shared practices; in other words its regionalism."

This paper illustrates the work of the Florence Research unit, in particular the intermediate work of selection of indicators related to the topic “productivity”, for their inclusion in the STeMA model for the evaluation of territorial cohesion policies. As already indicated in the first working paper of this PRIN, we have combined for this selection the concept of “productivity” with that of “territorial competitiveness”, more correct for a survey about geographical economies (NUTS 3) as unit of analysis. The selection identified around 250 indicators, which were progressively reduced through a screening process. At the end, 12 indicators were included in the STeMA model. We have subsequently discussed the NUTS 3 geographical distribution of some of these indicators, inserting them within a synthetic reconstruction of the regional articulation of Italian development. Then we discussed deeper the cases of Tuscany and Emilia Romagna, emphasizing the aspects of analogy and diversity, both in the development model and in territorial policies.

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This article analyzes the experience of family farmers in Matinha, in the rural area of São Luís (MA), from the establishment of institutional markets, as recognized in the production process, the transformations in the production units to the resumption and expansion of traditional crops and productive diversification, in order to verify what are the socioeconomic implications of the PAA in the relations of commercialization of the food produced by the farmers, through its operationalization managed under the articulation at the federal, state and municipal level. To achieve this goal, in the years 2017 and 2018, interviews were conducted with 12 farmers, with the coordinators of the PAA at the municipal and state level and the coordinator of the program's logistics. The results and conclusion show that the insertion of Matinha's farmers in the institutional market represented significant changes, on the one hand, in their various forms of organization of production and, consequently, in the disposal of food, and on the other hand, access to the program. it also expresses some obstacles for these farmers, due to bureaucratic requirements and contingency of financial resources, since 2017, which has been accentuated in the current context of the Bolsonaro government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argentina is a country with deep territorial inequalities, as a result of the dynamics of capitalist accumulation. The location of activities, population, infrastructure and services shows a historically rooted heterogeneity, corresponding with the territorial occupation logic that was consolidated throughout the different developmental models. This paper revisits the concepts of urban concentration, primacy and macrocephaly, and then compares them with the processes of production of territory, of territorial concentration around the country's central area, and of urban primacy and macrocephaly of Greater Buenos Aires, which, together with Greater Rosario and Greater Córdoba, concentrates more than 40% of the Argentinian population. The plans and projects of public policies that intended and intend to change the territorial heterogeneity and inequality are revised under the premise that there are limits within the current system and political project. Although important transformations have been accomplished in recent years, including institutionalising urban and spatial planning, the achievements have been limited, and they have not managed to substantially modify the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debates about environmental issues commonly reveal some contradictions between sustainable development and the traditional model of economic growth. In Brazil this discussion is extremely relevant because in their territory in different ways are manifested some of the contradictions that involve situational demands for: economic growth, environmental protection and sustainable development. In this context, the state, as the main agent in the dynamics of management and environmental planning of the territory, has a key role through the development and implementation of public policies consistent with this purpose. As currently the state has been conducting massive investments in sectors considered strategic for economic growth, environmental vector has been extremely pressed and increasingly valued. Thus, in this replete context of contradictory actions, our paper aims to approach some aspects of environmental compensation/offset in Brazil, an instrument of environmental policy linked to the environmental licensing process, which ends up valuing the environment from the financial burden of entrepreneurs, public or private, in construction projects of significant environmental impacts.

Copyright of Building the way - Revista do Curso de Letras da UEG/Itapuranga is the property of Universidade Estadual de Goias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This text looks to the evolution of the Brazilian geopolitical thinking and its direct or indirect influence on questions designated as strategic for Brazil’s development since the first decades of last century: national sovereignty, integrity and territorial unity, national integration, reduction of regional unbalance, occupation of the Amazon and the external projection of national power. In consequence of the new institutional and intellectual panorama as from the beginning of the 1980s, the geopolitics that has evolved in the country has considerably broadened the themes and their reflections to practically embrace all the domains that include strategy and international politics topics. This text also examines the main strategic challenges of contemporary Brazil: territorial policies for the Amazon and the external projection of the country in its regional surroundings: South America and the South Atlantic. A matter of reflection that well illustrates the present transition that affects the new geopolitics approach.

This text looks to the evolution of the Brazilian geopolitical thinking and its direct or indirect influence on questions designated as strategic for Brazil’s development since the first decades of last century: national sovereignty, integrity and territorial unity, national integration, reduction of regional unbalance, occupation of the Amazon and the external projection of national power. In consequence of the new institutional and intellectual panorama as from the beginning of the 1980s, the geopolitics that has evolved in the country has considerably broadened the themes and their reflections to practically embrace all the domains that include strategy and international politics topics. This text also examines the main strategic challenges of contemporary Brazil: territorial policies for the Amazon and the external projection of the country in its regional surroundings: South America and the South Atlantic. A matter of reflection that well illustrates the present transition that affects the new geopolitics approach.

Since its beginning Brazil has had as a challenge to organize its occupation and promote its national integration. With the increase of economic activities in the cities, which is a reflect of the dynamics of capital what has brought as a consequence a disorderly urban growth, there has been a need to plan and develop territorial policies. Through bibliographical and documentary research concerning the implementation of territorial policies, this study discusses the creation of metropolitan regions in Brazil. It is concluded that, although in the 1970s, this type of institutional arrangement signaled a political centralization of the federal government, in essence it proposed the integration and articulation of municipalities and the elaboration and implementation of coordinated policies favoring the regional economic aspect. With the political decentralization coming from the Federal Constitution of 1988, the creation of such regions became a responsibility of the state governments, at the same time, that guaranteed to the municipalities the autonomy in the elaboration of policies of local development. In this respect, the greatest challenge found by the governance of Paraíba Valley and North Coast Metropolitan Region (RMVPLN) established in 2012 is the implementation of coordinated policies that overcome economic differences and promote the social development of the 39 municipalities that comprise it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The “Espace des temps du Grand Lyon” project, which recently became the “Temps et services innovants” project, has been studying urban territories for several years using methods derived from the social sciences. This project frequently collaborates with geographers and urban-planners from the universities of Lyon and Grenoble in order to analyze urban mobility and transportation, through the prism of urban rhythms. Thanks to that academic partnership, the project has gained legitimacy in the eyes of local councillors. It can now participate in academic research programmes headed by the scientists the project is used to collaborating with. Thanks to the students who work as interns on the project, these interactions between scientists and professionals are leading to an authentic co-construction of knowledge.

The reform of the retail sector in 1998 and a specific federalist modification of the Italian Constitution in 2001 have driven the Regions to approve different Acts for retail regulations, that are closely related to territorial development. Some Regions, as Piemonte, Emilia Romagna and Lombardia, have tried to introduce criteria of programming new retail locations, mainly largest ones, connected to territorial characteristics. This approach introduces innovative tools to evaluate retail repercussions on the sites. Other Regions have continued with the traditional tools for quantitative control of retail areas, promoted by private developers, often foreign ones, who can act in the market in nearly monopolistic conditions. The Lombardia Region with its more recent retail programming triennial Act (2006-2008) has introduced the objective “zero impact” for new retail development, containing the suburban land use and reusing dismantled areas. Other policies are foreseen specifically planned to different contexts even experimenting models of unitary management of local retail planning.

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O artigo analisa políticas territoriais, especificamente aquelas direcionadas para o desenvolvimento endógeno com base local. O Programa dos Pólos de Modernização Tecnológica da Serra da Secretaria de Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul tem sido implantado por Universidades comunitárias, principalmente, na década de 90. As ações dos atores coletivos civis, no sentido de implantação de políticas de inovação no Pólo de Modernização Tecnológica da Serra na Universidade de Caxias do Sul, região de planejamento do Conselho Regional de Desenvolvimento da Serra são analisadas especificamente nos municípios de Caxias do Sul e Campestre da Serra.The article examines territorial policies, particularly those aimed at local-based endogenous development. The program of areas of technological modernization (Programa dos Pólos de Modernização Tecnológica) of Rio Grande do Sul's State Department of Science and Technology has been established by community universities, specially in the 1990's. Actions by collective civil actors in order to establish innovative policies at the Highlands technological modernization areaat Caxias do Sul University - a planning region within the Highlands regional Development Council - specifically in the cities of Caxias do Sul and Campestre da Serra.

Many poor households cannot meet the requirements of automotive mobility. They suffer great inequalities in their daily mobility, especially when they live away from urban centers, in areas where the provision of public transport and local amenities are reduced. Nevertheless, a normative interpretation in terms of shortages, based on the observation of low mobility capacity, underestimates the concrete mobility practices of poor households, and secondly how these households bypass the injunction of mobility required of them. This set of alternative practices – be they tactics, strategies, and projects – can substitute expensive automotive mobility with a set of resources drawn fundamentally from spatial proximity. This article aims to analyze the diversity of these practices, their quantitative importance and nesting, for the case of Paris suburban and periurban areas. To conclude, it draws how the variety of adjustments exhibited by poor households could be taken into account by public action.

This paper stems from the need to find a renewed interpretative key of the concept of social innovation in territorial approaches: this was done by observing different forms of research, as well as methodological-disciplinary perspectives. To this end, the analysis is based on a systematic review: on one hand, considering the presence of the keyword social innovation combined with the concepts of entrepreneurship, inclusion and co-production; on the other hand, it addresses the presence or absence of any territorial or urban perspective. The aim of the review is to get a better understanding of urban/territorial elements present in the current social innovation academic landscape, and to identify new directions toward which different approaches to SI entail applications to the urban policy field. • An in-depth theoretical discussion on the relevance of the territorial perspective in the field of social innovation studies is provided • A systematic literature review on social innovation scholarship is provided assessing the presence of urban/territorial elements in the current academic debate • The systematic review provided becomes an expedient to reflect on possible social innovation implications in urban policies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development implies structural modifications, whereas sustainability supposes continuity. Which resources have to be preserved for the generations to come, if today we do not know which will be essential? Sustainability makes the dead end on the fact that the history of humanity is an alternation of more or less stationary phases and brutal ruptures. Can we really connect global and local scales in a large machinery, as if same principles governed the whole world and each single place? The truth is, sustainable development dreams of an unrealistic smooth world without clashes, conflicts, crises.