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4. Innovations in animal health: artificial intelligence-enhanced hematocrit analysis for rapid anemia detection in small ruminants.

Author

Siddique, Aftab, Panda, Sudhanshu S., Khan, Sophia, Dargan, Seymone T., Lewis, Savana, Carter, India, Van Wyk, Jan A., Mahapatra, Ajit K., Morgan, Eric R., and Terrill, Thomas H.

Subjects
MACHINE learning, BLOOD cell count, IMAGE recognition (Computer vision), ERYTHROCYTES, HEMATOCRIT
Abstract

Due to their value as a food source, fiber, and other products globally, there has been a growing focus on the wellbeing and health of small ruminants, particularly in relation to anemia induced by blood-feeding gastrointestinal parasites like Haemonchus contortus. The objective of this study was to assess the packed cell volume (PCV) levels in blood samples from small ruminants, specifically goats, and create an efficient biosensor for more convenient, yet accurate detection of anemia for on-farm use in agricultural environments for animal production optimization. The study encompassed 75 adult male Spanish goats, which underwent PCV testing to ascertain their PCV ranges and their association with anemic conditions. Using artificial intelligence-powered machine learning algorithms, an advanced, easy-to-use sensor was developed for rapidly alerting farmers as to low red blood cell count of their animals in this way to enable timely medical intervention. The developed sensor utilizes a semi-invasive technique that requires only a small blood sample. More precisely, a volume of 30 μL of blood was placed onto Whatman filter paper No. 1, previously soaked with anhydrous glycerol. The blood dispersion pattern on the glycerol-infused paper was then recorded using a smartphone after 180 s. Subsequently, these images were examined in correlation with established PCV values obtained from conventional PCV analysis. Four separate machine learning models (ML) supported models, namely support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and image classification-based Keras model, were created and assessed using the image dataset. The dataset consisted of 1,054 images that were divided into training, testing, and validation sets in a 70:20:10 ratio. The initial findings indicated a detection accuracy of 76.06% after only 10 epochs for recognizing different levels of PCV in relation to anemia, ranging from healthy to severely anemic. This testing accuracy increased markedly, to 95.8% after 100 epochs and other model parameter optimization. Results for SVM had an overall F1 score of 74–100% in identifying the PCV range for blood pattern images representing healthy to severely anemic animals, and BPNN showed 91–100% accuracy in identifying the PCV range for anemia detection. This work demonstrates that AI-driven biosensors can be used for on-site rapid anemia detection. Optimized machine learning models maximize detection accuracy, proving the sensor's validity and rapidity in assessing anemia levels. This breakthrough will allow farmers, with rapid results, to increase animal wellbeing and agricultural productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. 94 Smartphone integration in anemia detection for small ruminants with Convolutional Neural Networks

Author

Randall, Reginald J, primary, Pech-Cervantes, Andres, additional, van Wyk, Jan, additional, Panda, Sudhanshu, additional, Mahapatra, Ajit, additional, Morgan, Eric, additional, Stegall, Kensley, additional, Brown, Davia, additional, Manns, Ethan, additional, Saunders, Shaylon, additional, villa, Andrea Rubio, additional, Plummer, Aniyah, additional, and Terrill, Thomas H, additional

Published
2024
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15. 379 Impacts of Serecia Lespedeza and Black Seed Meal Dietary Supplementation on Sperm Quality and Fertilityvariables of Male Goats

Author

Namani, Sharath Chandra, primary, Kolikapongu, Ramya Sri, additional, Chelkapally, Sai Chandan, additional, Heikal, Rania, additional, Neha, Ayesha, additional, Shaik, Arshad, additional, Pech Cervantes, Andres A, additional, Whitley, Niki C, additional, Kouakou, Brou, additional, Terrill, Thomas H, additional, and Moawad, Adel R R, additional

Published
2023
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21. Development of a Decision Support System for Animal Health Management Using Geo-Information Technology: A Novel Approach to Precision Livestock Management.

Author

Panda, Sudhanshu S., Terrill, Thomas H., Siddique, Aftab, Mahapatra, Ajit K., Morgan, Eric R., Pech-Cervantes, Andres A., and Van Wyk, Jan A.

Subjects
DECISION support systems, ANIMAL health, LEGUMES, ANIMAL tracks, ANIMAL mechanics, GEOLOGICAL statistics, ARTIFICIAL intelligence
Abstract

Livestock management is challenging for resource-poor (R-P) farmers due to unavailability of quality feed, limited professional advice, and rumor-spreading about animal health condition in a herd. This research seeks to improve animal health in southern Africa by promoting sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata), a nutraceutical forage legume. An automated geospatial model for precision agriculture (PA) can identify suitable locations for its cultivation. Additionally, a novel approach of radio-frequency identifier (RFID) supported telemetry technology can track animal movement, and the analyses of data using artificial intelligence can determine sickness of small ruminants. This RFID-based system is being connected to a smartphone app (under construction) to alert farmers of potential livestock health issues in real time so they can take immediate corrective measures. An accompanying Decision Support System (DSS) site is being developed for R-P farmers to obtain all possible support on livestock production, including the designed PA and RFID-based DSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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25. Ticktrefoil (Desmodium) species as a nutraceutical forage resource for animals.

Author

Terrill, Thomas H., Courson, Erica M., Morris, J. Bradley, Morning, Beyanna J., Owen, Vicki R., Muir, James P., Cherry, Nichole M., Tonnis, Brandon, and Pech-Cervantes, Andres A.

Subjects
PLANT germplasm, DESMODIUM
Abstract

Ticktrefoil (Desmodium) species from the USDA, ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit (PGRCU) germplasm collection in Griffin, GA, were evaluated for their potential livestock nutraceutical (nutritional + pharmaceutical) value in a field small plot study at the Fort Valley State University (FVSU) Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley, GA. Horse marmalade (Desmodium discolor Vogel), greenleaf ticktrefoil (Desmodium intortum [Mill.] Urb.), panicledleaf ticktrefoil (Desmodium paniculatum [L.] DC.), Hawaii ticktrefoil (Desmodium sandwicense E. May) and twisted ticktrefoil (Desmodium tortuosum [Sw.] DC.) were established in a greenhouse and transplanted to field plots, with plant material from each species harvested, freeze-dried, ground and analyzed for nutrient content and bioactivity. Crude protein (CP) levels in D. discolor and D. tortuosum averaged 233 g/kg, whereas CP in D. intortum, D. paniculatum and D. sandwicense ranged from 99 to 157 g/kg. The Desmodium species had in vitro true digestibility values of 755 to 878 g/kg. There were no detectable condensed tannins in D. discolor and D. tortuosum, whereas D. intortum, D. paniculatum and D. sandwicense averaged 88, 89 and 73 g/kg total condensed tannin, respectively. There were species differences in flavonoid content (p < .01), with the highest delphinidin and cyanidin concentrations in D. sandwicense and D. paniculatum, respectively. There were no detectable levels of delphinidin or cyanidin for D. discolor or D. tortuosum. Quercitin and kaempferol concentrations were highest in D. intortum and D. paniculatum, respectively, whereas D. discolor and D. tortuosum had the lowest values. The highest protein precipitable phenolics and total phenolic concentrations were for D. paniculatum. Desmodium species have potential as nutraceutical forage for livestock and warrant further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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29. 49 Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Lespedeza on the Semen Quality and Fertility of Male Goats

Author

Heikal, Rania, primary, Hicks, Jayla, additional, Holmes, Bryanna, additional, Brown, Jalani, additional, Dykes, Gregory, additional, Wartley, Lauren, additional, Mendez, Nallely, additional, Neha, Ayesha, additional, Shaik, Arshad, additional, Chelkapally, Sai Chandan, additional, Brown, Davia, additional, Crumpler, Jeslyn, additional, Whitley, Niki C C, additional, Pech-Cervantes, Andres a, additional, Reese, Tiffany, additional, Woldemeskel, Moges, additional, Terrill, Thomas H, additional, and Moawad, Adel R, additional

Published
2022
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35. 52 Can Annual Lespedeza (Kummerowia Stipulacea) be Used as an Anti-Parasitic Hay for Goats?

Author

Hicks, Jayla, primary, Holmes, Brianna, additional, Dykes, Gregory, additional, Mendez, Nallely, additional, Neha, Ayesha, additional, Shaik, Arshad, additional, Chelkapally, Sai Chandan, additional, Brown, Davia, additional, Crumpler, Jeslyn, additional, Whitley, Niki C C, additional, Pech-Cervantes, Andres a, additional, and Terrill, Thomas H, additional

Published
2022
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42. 334 Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Peanut Skins with and Without Polyphenols on the Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Carcass Characteristics of Florida-native Sheep

Author

Idowu, Modoluwamu, primary, Bryant, Voris, additional, Terrill, Thomas H, additional, Estrada-Reyes, Zaira M, additional, Whitley, Niki C, additional, Dean, Lisa, additional, Kouakou, Brou, additional, Ogunade, Ibukun M, additional, and Pech-Cervantes, Andres A, additional

Published
2021
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