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[ES] La optoquimiogenética es una rama de la biomedicina y de la neurociencia que se basa en el control del comportamiento de células mediante proteínas fotosensibles. Para ello se introducen estas proteínas, denominadas opsinas, mediante métodos genéticos a unas células determinadas y se estimulan mediante destellos de luz provenientes de un láser o un LED de alta potencia. La excitación de las opsinas da lugar al intercambio de iones a través de la membrana, lo que permite activar o inhibir la actividad de la célula. En la actualidad se está investigando tanto para la reparación de tejido nervioso dañado tras un traumatismo como para el tratamiento de enfermedades neurológicas, donde parece encontrar su foco principal, como la epilepsia, el Parkinson, adicciones, para problemas de visión o arritmias, entre otros. En el Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF) se llevaron a cabo una serie de experimentos que resultaron en la proliferación y diferenciación de células precursoras neurales en oligodendrocitos y neuronas, lo que dio lugar a la concepción de una posible terapia de regeneración del tejido nervioso que se está estudiando in vitro y ex vivo. Este proyecto trata del diseño y producción de prototipos de un sistema de fotoestimulación de células in vitro y tejidos ex vivo con diferentes longitudes de onda para la investigación del efecto sobre estas, aplicando tratamiento y casos control. Se desarrollará un dispositivo óptico para la colimación del haz de luz siguiendo con los requisitos de potencia y diámetro de irradiación de las muestras, así como una estructura que soporte esta óptica y con la capacidad de medir la irradiancia, para así calibrar el sistema y asegurar en el futuro el rango de potencias que son efectivas para el tratamiento. Ambos objetivos se llevarán a cabo de la forma más sencilla, económica y funcional posible sin dejar de lado la robustez y la adaptabilidad a distintos usos que requiere el CIPF., [EN] Optochemogenetics is a branch of biomedicine and neuroscience based on the control of cell behaviour by means of photosensitive proteins. These proteins, called opsins, are genetically introduced into specific cells and stimulated by flashes of light from a laser or a high-power LED. Excitation of the opsins leads to the exchange of ions across the membrane, which activates or inhibits the activity of the cell. Research is currently being carried out both for the repair of damaged nerve tissue after trauma and for the treatment of neurological diseases, where it seems to find its main focus, such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, addictions, vision problems or arrhythmias, among others. At the Príncipe Felipe Research Centre (CIPF), a series of experiments were carried out that resulted in the proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells into oligodendrocytes and neurons, which led to the conception of a possible therapy for the regeneration of nervous tissue that is being studied in vitro and ex vivo. This project deals with the design and production of prototypes of a system for photostimulation of cells in vitro and tissues ex vivo with different wavelengths to investigate the effect on them, applying treatment and control cases. An optical device will be developed for collimating the light beam according to the power and irradiation diameter requirements of the samples, as well as a structure to support this optics and with the capacity to measure the irradiance, in order to calibrate the system and ensure in the future the range of powers that are effective for the treatment. Both objectives will be carried out in the simplest, most economical and functional way possible without neglecting the robustness and adaptability to different uses that the CIPF requires.

[EN] Covid-19 has changed the global agenda this year 2020 and particularly since March when the disease disseminated and affected the whole world. Then, confinement strategies started in most of the countries affecting important humankind aspects such as economy, society, and many others. In an educational point of view, higher education has been suddenly forced to change from a traditional presential education structure to a non-presential learning-teaching framework based on virtual/on-line educational strategies. Particular efforts have been done at the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) and in its Design Engineering School (ETSID) to adapt their educational model to this unexpected situation. This paper shows the work conducted to redesign seminars in the subject Sustainable Development and Environmental Ethics according to the requirements of this new scenario. A preliminary SWOT analysis allowed to focus our redesigning efforts in specific aspects of the seminar: assuming the nonpresential scenario and adapting to this new reality, an appropriate and more effective information sharing, some visual aspects associated to the specific teamworking dynamics in the classroom, structure and seminar schedule were some of the aspects to be on in the redesigning process. Students¿ opinions and point of view were particularly considered in redesigning as they are intensively experiencing on-line education since confinement started. Finally, structure, tasks, schedule, attendance, results compilation and sharing, and assessment were completely reconsidered and adapted. After this season¿s experience, development, results and students¿ feedback have been studied in depth. As a conclusion, the new redesigned seminar rises as a successful improved version of the activity being more dynamic, participative, and educationally functional. Although, there are important aspects that have been lost because they are linked to presential attendance and real teamworking in the

[EN] Higher Education is given on-line since COVID-19 appeared and disseminated all over the world. Both students and teachers had little time to adapt to new learning-teaching applications and tools such as TEAMS or ZOOM. Subsequently, learning methodologies were also redesigned to be effective in a ¿non-presential¿ scenario that is mainly aseptic and depersonalized. When the state of emergency and confinement were over, the University had to reinvent educational methodologies. Then, new educational terms and expressions appeared in Higher Education and particularly in Engineering careers. Terms such as ¿partial attendance¿, ¿synchronous and asynchronous sessions¿ are nowadays present in our course guidelines but also in an unstable scenario in which higher education strategies are changing by the day. In this scenario, theory lessons have been easy to adapt to on-line education. In the same way, tutorials have become more fluid and flexible with this new system. On the other hand, difficulties to achieve an objective evaluation and conducting useful practice sessions are some of the identified weaknesses of the system. This paper focuses on these aspects studying the development of practices by local or on-line simulators and even by remote laboratories. A specific practice prototype is introduced, allowing ¿partial attendance¿ of the students, a part of them in-situ in the laboratory and another part attending the practice on-line by remote access to the practice board. This proposal lets us develop real practices with no need of synchronous assistance from the teachers by using a remote system and monitoring its development by webcam

[EN] Technical studies in Higher Education have traditionally been seen as complex, difficult and abstract by students, and particularly when compared to university careers in the field of humanities, more related to social and human aspects. In the line of innovating in the field of engineering teaching, and with the intention of bringing engineering and learning strategies based on the social, this paper presents an experience of motivation and emotional bonding of students with their degrees in the field of industrial and aeronautical engineering. In this experience, the interview has been used as an educational tool. So, it has been applied to a very specific topic (sustainability and development in the industrial age) of the subject Sustainable Development and Environmental Ethics, included in the program of all the degrees at the School of Design Engineering of the Universitat Politècnica del València. The experience consisted in interviewing a family member or close person who had lived the industrialization age in the Spanish countryside, in order to enrichen the contents given at class with the personal experience of the interviewed relative. As a result, the experience is considered very satisfactory by the students as it allows them to reinforce the knowledge acquired in in the classroom being able to link theory to the personal experiences by people close to them who had the chance to experience the emergence of industrialization in the Spanish countryside. Thus, the interview provides students an emotional bond with the matter they are studying, achieving at least three main objectives, as the experience: 1) lets the students know about real experiences by relatives or close people in the industrialization age in Spain, 2) facilitates the contextualization of the matter in this specific historical period and 3) motivates the students to the subject and their careers.

[EN] The university Lecturer Training Fellowship granted by the Spanish Ministry of Education implies the participation of the PhD candidates in the practical lessons of subjects related to their specialty. For the first time, two students were assigned to the high performance group in Digital Electronics in the Industrial Electronics and Automation degree, taught in the School of Design Engineering (ETSID) of the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV). Taking advantage of the PhD candidates¿ easiness for comprehending the student¿s point of view, they were allowed to suggest and implement methodological modifications with the aim of improving the knowledge and skill transfer in the subject field. The main result was the development of a methodology which relates the practical and theoretical parts so they are interleaved, making it easier to comprehend, assimilate the concepts, and participate actively in the practical part gaining experience in the field. The subject is divided in three main parts: VHDL, microcontrollers and a final project. One of the PhD students was assigned to the VHDL part, the other one to the microcontroller part, and the final project was collaborative, with both participating in the organization and evaluation. This final project evaluates the innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship transversal skills of the students by entrusting them to develop a microcontroller code and to write the documentation about it, while participating in a car-like robot competition. This year, the competition was presented as a list of requirements the robots must meet before the deadline to access the ¿final test¿, in a way that was first implemented by the successful aerospace company SpaceX for the international Hyperloop Pod Competition series. This makes the deadlines and evaluation items very clear for both students and evaluators while leaving the door open to different ways of implementation using the knowledge acquired through the semester. Thi

[EN] Gold nanostars coated with a mesoporous silica shell and functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) containing photolabile 2-nitrobenzyl moieties are able to release doxorubicin after NIR light irradiation at low power irradiance via a multiphoton absorption photo-dissociation process.

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Hernández Montoto, Andy, Antoni Llopis-Lorente, Mónica Gorbe, José M. Terrés, Roberto Cao Milán, Borja Díaz de Greñu, María Alfonso, et al. 2019. Janus Gold Nanostars Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for NIR-Light-Triggered Drug Delivery. Chemistry A European Journal 25 (36). Wiley: 8471 78. doi:10.1002/chem.201900750, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201900750. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.", [EN] Janus gold nanostar-mesoporous silica nanoparticle (AuNSt-MSNP) nanodevices able to release an entrapped payload upon irradiation with near infrared (NIR) light were prepared and characterized. The AuNSt surface was functionalized with a thiolated photolabile molecule (5), whereas the mesoporous silica face was loaded with a model drug (doxorubicin) and capped with proton-responsive benzimidazole-beta-cyclodextrin supramolecular gatekeepers (N 1). Upon irradiation with NIR-light, the photolabile compound 5 photodissociated, resulting in the formation of succinic acid, which induced the opening of the gatekeeper and cargo delivery. In the overall mechanism, the gold surface acts as a photochemical transducer capable of transforming the NIR-light input into a chemical messenger (succinic acid) that opens the supramolecular nanovalve. The prepared hybrid nanoparticles were non-cytotoxic to HeLa cells, until they were irradiated with a NIR laser, which led to intracellular doxorubicin release and hyperthermia. This induced a remarkable reduction in HeLa cells viability.

[EN] In the current presentation we propose the integration of training for employment in the last subjects of university degrees. Specifically, for this case, contents and activities of the elective subject ¿Organic Electronic and Processes in Electronic Design¿ are reformulated. This subject is included in the Degree in Industrial Electronics and Automation at the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV). The aim of this proposal is to include training for employment (or external practices) and how to deal with the initial contacts with the destination work centre.

[EN] Herein, a novel drug photorelease system based on gold nanostars (AuNSts), coated with a mesoporous silica shell and capped with paraffin as thermosensitive molecular gate, is reported. Direct measurements of the surface temperature of a single gold nanostar irradiated using a tightly focused laser beam are performed via a heat sensitive biological matrix. The surface temperature of a AuNSt increases by hundreds of degrees (degrees C) even at low laser powers. AuNSts coated with a mesoporous silica shell using a surfactant-templated synthesis are used as chemotherapeutic nanocarriers. Synthetic parameters are optimized to d avoid AuNSt reshaping, and thus to obtain nanoparticles with suitable and stable plasmonic properties for near-infrared (NIR) laser-triggered cargo delivery. The mesoporous silica-coated nanostars are loaded with doxorubicin (Dox) and coated with octadecyltrimethoxysilane and the paraffin heneicosane. The paraffin molecules formed a hydrophobic layer that blocks the pores, impeding the release of the cargo. This hybrid nanosystem exhibits a well-defined photodelivery profile using NIR radiation, even at low power density, whereas the nonirradiated sample shows a negligible payload release. Dox-loaded nanoparticles displayed no cytotoxicity toward HeLa cells, until they are irradiated with 808 nm laser, provoking paraffin melting and drug release. Hence, these novel, functional, and biocompatible nanoparticles display adequate plasmonic properties for NIR-triggered drug photorelease applications.

[ES] La hipertermia óptica se postula como una nueva forma de tratar los procesos tumorales. Mediante el uso de un haz de luz láser y nanopartículas metálicas, diseñadas específicamente para que la resonancia de plasmón de superficie se encuentre en la longitud de onda de dicho láser, se logra un aumento de temperatura tanto en la superficie como en el entorno de estas nanopartículas. Este aumento de temperatura se puede usar directamente para atacar el tejido enfermo, que resultará dañado, no así como el tejido sano, que acumula una menor concentración de nanopartículas y es capaz de disipar mejor el calor generado y asimilar los posibles daños. Otra técnica complementaria es el uso de nanopartículas funcionalizadas y cargadas con fármacos, que son liberados en el momento de la irradiación, aumentando la eficacia del tratamiento. Sin embargo, antes de poder utilizar estas técnicas en la práctica clínica hay muchos interrogantes e inconvenientes que deben resolverse, por ello, se encuentran actualmente en fases de experimentación preclínica. En el Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) se realizan experimentos in vitro con células y nanopartículas de oro para determinar la toxicidad de estos tratamientos. El IDM dispone de un equipo que no se diseñó inicialmente con un propósito tan amplio, y por ello ha surgido la necesidad de renovarlo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es desarrollar un nuevo equipo basado en los requerimientos que los investigadores han puesto en conocimiento del Instituto, para realizar experimentos de hipertermia óptica con una mayor facilidad y control sobre algunas de las variables que afectan a los resultados obtenidos. Para ello, se divide el trabajo en tres partes fundamentales: sistema electrónico de control de las variables del experimento, sistema electromecánico de posicionamiento de muestras, e interfaz gráfica de usuario. La novedad aportada se basa en la integración d, [EN] Optical hyperthermia as a new treatment for tumour processes is postulated. Using a laser beam and metal nanoparticles, specifically designed so the surface plasmon resonance is in the wavelength of the laser, a temperature increment in the surface and in the environment of the nanoparticles is achieved. This temperature increment can be directly used to treat the diseased tissue, which will result damaged while keeping the healthy tissue safe, since the healthy tissue accumulates a smaller concentration of nanoparticles and it is capable of dissipating the generated heat and assimilating the possible damage. Another complementary technique is to use functionalized nanoparticles, charged with drugs that will be released in the moment of irradiation, increasing the treatment efficacy. Notwithstanding, before these techniques could be used in the clinical practice, there are some questions and obstacles that must be resolved, that is why they are in a preclinical experimentation phase. The Interuniversitary Institute of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM) is experimenting in vitro with cells and gold nanoparticles to determine the toxicity of this treatment. The IDM has an apparatus that was not initially designed with such a broad purpose, and the need of renovating it has arised. The objective of the present work is to develop a new equipment based on the requirements that the investigators have put in knowledge of the Institute, to experiment with optical hyperthermia in an easier way, with a better control over the variables that affect the results. For this, the work is divided into three essential parts: experiment variables electronic control system, electromechanical sample positioning system, and graphical user interface. The novelty contributed is the integration of each system into one unique apparatus, the sample positioning and the ease of use of a graphical interface. This is done with a scalable design, that could be easily ad

Nowadays the study and acquisition of bioelectric signalshas wide applicability in the field of medical diagnosis. In the course of Bioelectronic of the Degree in Electronic and Automation Engineering, the students design and develop in a PC board conditioning systems for different bioelectric signals, such as electrocardiogram, electromyogram, electrooculogram and electrogastrogram. It has identified the need for a modular and configurable system that allows students to check their designs. Specifically in this work the student will design, simulate and implement PCB the different stages of the mentioned conditioning system. The system should be versatile, facilitating the connection and disconnection of each stage, and offering the possibility of changing the incomes and cutoff frequencies of the stages. It should be also programmed an user interface into the LabVIEW environment for the acquisition, display and storage of the output signals. The student will write a user manual., El estudio y captación de las señales bioeléctricas tiene hoy en día una gran aplicabilidad en el campo del diagnóstico médico. En la asignatura de Bioelectrónica de la titulación de Grado en Ingeniería Electrónica y Automática, los alumnos diseñan y montan en placa de prototipado diferentes sistemas de acondicionamiento de señales bioeléctricas, como el electrocardiograma, el electromiograma, el electrooculograma y el electrogastrograma. Se ha detectado la necesidad de un sistema modular y configurable que permita a los alumnos la comprobación de sus diseños. Concretamente en el presente trabajo el alumno diseñará, simulará e implementará en PCB las diferentes etapas que constituyen los sistemas de acondicionamiento mencionados. El sistema será versátil facilitando la conexión y desconexión de cada etapa, y ofreciendo la posibilidad de modificar ganancias y frecuencias de corte de las etapas. Asimismo, se programará en el entorno labview la adquisición, visualización y almacenamiento de la señal de salida. El alumno redactará un manual de usuario.