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1 L'aide médicale à mourir au Québec et au Canada: convergences et divergences 2 L'affaire Truchon c. Procureur général du Canada: remise en question de la constitutionnalité du critère provincial [...], L&apos;aide médicale à mourir est législativement encadrée au Canada par le Code criminel et, au Québec, par la Loi concernant les soins de fin de vie. Après avoir mis en lumière les similarités de ces deux lois et leurs différences, l&apos;auteure présente, dans ses grandes lignes, la décision de la Cour supérieure du Québec dans l&apos;affaire Truchon c. Procureur général du Canada, qui a conclu à l&apos;inconstitutionnalité des exigences de << fin de vie >> et de << mort naturelle raisonnablement prévisible >> respectivement prévues par le Code criminel et par la Loi provinciale. Constatant que la mort est devenue plus << accessible >>, l&apos;auteure explore le potentiel de l&apos;intelligence artificielle pour aider les professionnelles et les professionnels de la santé à avoir une communication de qualité avec une personne affligée d&apos;une maladie grave et incurable quant à ses options de soins et à sa fin de vie. Physician-assisted dying is regulated by the Criminal Code and, in Québec, by the provincial Act respecting end-of-life care. After highlighting the similarities and differences between these two pieces of legislation, the authoress outlines the decision of the Superior Court of Quebec in Truchon v. Attorney General of Canada, which concluded that the "end of life" and << reasonable foreseeability of natural death >> eligibility criteria enshrined in the Criminal Code and the provincial act respectively were unconstitutional. Noting that death has become more "accessible", the authoress explores the potential of artificial intelligence to help health care professionals efficiently discuss care options and end of life with people afflicted with a serious and incurable disease. La ley de asistencia médica para morir (l&apos;aide médicale à mourir) se encuentra regulada por el Código Penal de Canadá (Code criminel) y en la provincia de Quebec por la Loi [provinciale] concernant les soins de fin de vie. Después de haber revelado las similitudes y las diferencias entre estas leyes, la autora ha presentado en líneas generales, la decisión de la Cour supérieure du Québec en el caso de Truchon vs. Procureur général du Cañada, y en la cual se ha llegado a la conclusión acerca de la inconstitucionalidad de las exigencias de "fin de vida>> y de "muerte natural razonablemente previsible >> previstas respectivamente por el Código Penal y por la ley quebequense. Al constatar que la muerte se volvió más << accesible >>, la autora ha explorado el potencial de la inteligencia artificial para auxiliar a los profesionales de la salud, y así lograr una buena comunicación con una persona que padece de una enfermedad grave e incurable, sobre las opciones de cuidados y el fin de su vida.

I. INTRODUCTION Modern bioethics and jurisprudence have eschewed metaphysics and lost a true understanding of personhood. (1) A perilous insistence on human autonomy has led to a near complete forgetting [...]

"To postpone the withdrawal of treatment, which is otherwise accepted to be the better course for this young child, to go to America to receive treatment which has 'zero' prospect [...]

I. Introduction The Seventh Circuit's recent decision in Ballard v. Chicago Park District (1) shook employers and employment law attorneys to their core, (2) forcing reevaluation of what it means [...]

Truth be told, we physicians traditionally and by design have avoided discussing end-of-life care with patients. For some of us, such discussions are too difficult or uncomfortable. For others, addressing [...]

IV. GENERAL PRINCIPLES THAT SHOULD GUIDE LAW RELATING TO HEALTH CARE DECISIONS. The remainder of this Article identifies and discusses eight general principles that should guide the law relating to [...]

INTRODUCTION I. THE LAY OF THE LAND II. EVEN IF YOU DO EVERYTHING RIGHT, THE LAW IS STILL A PROBLEM A. The Pinettes B. The U.C. Book Club III. WHY [...]

Byline: Naveen. Salins, Roop. Gursahani, Roli. Mathur, Shivakumar. Iyer, Stanley. Macaden, Nagesh. Simha, Raj. Mani, M. Rajagopal Background: Indian hospitals, in general, lack policies on the limitation of inappropriate life-sustaining [...]

Introduction End-of-life medical decision-making is complex and is further complicated by the uncertainty of whether physicians require patient consent to withdraw or withhold life-sustaining treatment a physician deems inappropriate. In [...]

Introduction Is difficult to conceive of a more legally and ethically challenging circumstance than a dispute between family members and a health care team regarding the withdrawal or withholding of [...]

"No one knows whether death may not be the greatest of all blessings for a man, yet men fear it as if they knew that it is the greatest of [...]

INTRODUCTION The final decision of the House of Lords was, to say the least, controversial. In R (Purdy) v DPP (1) their Lordships, for the first time, recognised that Article [...]

INTRODUCTION I. HOW ARE FUTILITY DISPUTES RESOLVED? A. Healthcare Decisionmaking for Incompetent Patients 1. The Promise and Pitfalls of Advance Directives 2. Delegating Decisionmaking through Surrogacy Statutes B. Insufficient Legislative [...]

INTRODUCTION New technologies are, in many ways, making life more efficient and more productive. Ironically, these same technologies are making life more complex and precarious. In particular, medical technologies--in vitro [...]

The continued undertreatment of pain at the end of life is a substantive public health problem that has not been resolved through increased public awareness, the issuance of clinical guidance for providers, or expanded organizational commitments. In this forum, we illuminate the role of public policies in promoting pain management. We review federal and state policies and consider empirical evaluations that compared the quality of state policies and the factors that contributed to their formation. We resolve that any organized interest in improving end-of-life care should begin by focusing on the development and expansion of those state policies that support the provision of evidence-based medicine for reducing the amount of pain an individual experiences at the end of life. Although empirical research is needed to determine which particular aspects of state pain policy are most critical and how these policies can be implemented most effectively, any organized effort that advances state medical board activity or another state policy would appear to be making an important step toward making the pain at the end of life go away. Key Words: Pain management, Pain policy, State medical boards, End of life

In many European countries there is a public debate about the acceptability and regulation of enthanasia. In 2002, Belgium became the second country after the Netherlands to enact a law on euthanasia. Although euthanasia rarely occurs, the complexity of the clinical-ethical decision making surrounding euthanasia requests and the need for adequate support reported by caregivers, means that healthcare institutions increasingly need to consider how to responsibly handle euthanasia requests. The development of written ethics policies on euthanasia may be important to guarantee and maintain the quality of care for patients requesting euthanasia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, development, position, and communication of written ethics policies on euthanasia in Flemish nursing homes. Data were obtained through a cross-sectional mail survey of general directors of all Catholic nursing homes in Flanders, Belgium. Of the 737 nursing homes invited to participate, 612 (83%) completed the questionnaire. Of these, only 15% had a written ethics policy on euthanasia. Presence of an ethics committee and membership of an umbrella organization were independent predictors of whether a nursing home had such a written ethics policy. The Act on Euthanasia and euthanasia guidelines advanced by professional organizations were the most frequent reasons (76% and 56%, respectively) and reference sources (92% and 64%, respectively) for developing ethics policies on euthanasia. Development of ethics policies occurred within a multidisciplinary context. In general, Flemish nursing homes applied the Act on Euthanasia restrictively by introducing palliative procedures in addition to legal due care criteria. The policy was communicated to the consulting general practitioner and nurses in 74% and 89% of nursing homes, respectively. Although the overall prevalence of ethics policies on euthanasia was low in Flemish nursing homes, institution administrators displayed growing awareness of bearing responsibility for stimulating dialogue and reflection about how to deal with euthanasia requests within their institution. Keywords: Belgium: Ethics policy; Euthanasia; Medical end-of-life decision making; Nursing homes; Palliative care