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Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Transplantation is the property of Brazilian Journal of Transplantation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) or superficial thrombophlebitis is characterized by thrombi within superficial veins, with partial involvement or occlusion of the lumen and inflammatory reaction along the course of the vein. Clinical diagnosis tends to be straightforward, but supplementary tests and examinations are needed to confirm thrombosis extension and possible thromboembolic complications. SVT can be associated with deep venous thrombosis in 6 to 40% of cases, with asymptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) in 20 to 33%, and with symptomatic PE in 2 to 13%. Despite the morbidity and complications, there are currently no Brazilian guidelines for SVT. These guidelines cover the most important issues related to SVT definition, terminology, and etiology, and set out recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary stenting is a well-established treatment option for femoropopliteal arterial obstructive disease. There is a shortage of Brazilian studies of the subject. Objectives: To evaluate short and mid-term clinical and radiological outcomes in patients classified as Rutherford 3-6 and treated with stenting of femoropopliteal lesions. Methods: Analysis based on a prospectively populated database of patients treated from July 2012 to July 2015. The primary endpoint was primary patency. Secondary endpoints were clinical and ankle/brachial index changes. Target Vessel Revascularization, limb salvage rate and death, within a 24-month follow-up period. Results: 64 patients were enrolled, including 61 TASC II A / B lesions (95%). The primary patency rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were 95.2%, 79.1% and 57.9%, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed lower patency rates in patients with occlusive disease (hazard ratio [HR], 6.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52-28,99, p = 0.02), as well as patency loss about 6 times higher in TASC B than in TASC A patients ([HR], 5.95, 95% CI, 1.67-21.3, p = 0.0061). At 12 months, 90.38% of the patients remained asymptomatic. The limb salvage rate at 24 months was 94.3% (95% CI, 87.9-100%). Freedom from TVR at 24 months was 90.5% (95% CI 82.8-98.9%). Conclusions: Results of primary patency were compatible with international studies, despite the more advanced stage of the vascular disease observed in our group. Occlusive disease and complex lesions were both associated with worse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerotic renovascular disease is the most important cause of secondary hypertension. The natural history of the disease reveals progression rates of 4 to 12% per year. Angioplasty with renal artery stenting is one treatment option; but there are few studies that have reported long-term results. The objective of this systematic literature review is to discuss the long-term results (at least 24 months) of angioplasty with stenting of renal arteries for atherosclerotic disease, in terms of renal function and blood pressure levels for control of hypertension. A thorough search was conducted of LILACS, EMBASE, SCIELO, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE using the appropriate terms. Just seven out of 2170 references identified met all inclusion criteria. It was concluded that over the long term renal function was stabilized, blood pressure levels were reduced, and the number of classes of antihypertensive medication decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is directly associated with acute renal failure and can occur in conditions such as infarction caused by embolization or thrombosis, septicemia, and kidney transplantation. The process is complex, involving innate and adaptive immune responses, presence of cellular infiltrate, and production and release of cytokines and chemokines. It also triggers cell responses and release of reactive oxygen species, in addition to causing apoptosis and, in some cases, cell necrosis. Against this background, evaluation of renal tissue protection mechanisms is essential. Objectives: The objective of this study was to test the M&G solution, developed in prior research, evaluating its capacity to protect the kidneys using morphometric analysis and by assaying the presence and expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, VEGF, HIF, and IL-8). Methods: Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Sham (S), Control (C), and Experimental (E). The S group underwent the surgical operation, but without arterial clamping. In group C, the aorta was clamped above and below the left renal artery, without infusion of the preservation solution. In group E, in addition to clamping, the aorta was punctured and M&G solution was infused continuously for 20 minutes at 15° C. Morphological analysis and immunohistochemical assessment of markers were then conducted. Results: Morphological differences were identified in group S compared with groups C and E. Analysis of markers revealed reduced intensity of expression of TNF and of VEGF in group E. There were no differences in HIF or IL-8 between groups. Conclusions: The M&G solution was associated with a reduction in presence and expression of TNF-alpha and a trend to reduced VEGF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is non-invasive technique that detects hemodynamic alterations in tissues. It enables continuous monitoring of intracerebral vascular physiologic information. Due to its portable nature, NIRS may be used bedside or in the operating room. Objectives: To evaluate use of NIRS for intraoperative monitoring of the brain hemodynamic response, during carotid endarterectomy. Methods: 10 patients with atherosclerotic carotid disease scheduled for endarterectomy were evaluated. After patients had been selected, they answered a questionnaire on epidemiological data and information about comorbidities and then carotid disease was confirmed with diagnostic methods. NRIS monitoring was used during the surgical procedure. The variables analyzed before, during and after carotid clamping were oxygen saturation (SatO2), total hemoglobin (THb), reduced hemoglobin (RHb), and oxyhemoglobin (OHb). A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results obtained from NIRS show that RHb and SatO2 vary during the different stages of surgery. RH b levels are higher during clamping, when compared with the other two surgical stages. On the other hand, SatO2 is lower during clamping. Conclusions: During carotid endarterectomy, NIRS is a feasible, real-time, and non-invasive intracranial monitoring method that accurately and reliably measures the changes in intracerebral capillary hemodynamic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberous sclerosis is a genetic disease with autosomal dominant transmission. Its classic presentation comprises epilepsy, mental deficiencies, and sebaceous adenomas. Aneurysms of the aorta can be detected in people with tuberous sclerosis ranging from children a few months old to young adults. We report the case of a young patient diagnosed with a saccular thoracic aortic aneurysm and tuberous sclerosis who was successfully treated using an endovascular approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAA) evolving aortocaval fistula (AF) can have catastrophic hemodynamic effects. Surgical repair is imperative, but the optimal technical approach is still under debate. Our objective is to present 3 cases treated with endovascular repair (EVAR) at a University Hospital. Case #1, a 71-year-old man presenting a 7.1cm RAAA with AF, repaired with a monoiliac stent graft and femoral-femoral bypass; Case #2, a 76-year-old man presenting a 9.9cm RAAA with AF, repaired with a bifurcated stent graft; Case #3, a 67-year-old man with previous history of EVAR, presenting a type 3 endoleak with late rupture related to AF, repaired with a tubular stent graft. All cases unfolded with delayed recovery and significant complication rates, although AF symptoms had resolved by hospital discharge. EVAR techniques for AF may require secondary interventions but are feasible, despite the lack of consensus, considering the rarity of this RAAA presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behçet's disease is an autoimmune, multifactorial, systemic condition with several clinical manifestations, including vascular disorders. An aortic aneurysm with vertebral erosion is rare in association with this pathology and there are only four case reports listed on the PubMed database. This article reports the case of a female patient with a long-standing diagnosis of Behçet's Disease who developed a saccular infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm with lumbar vertebral erosion. Her surgical treatment consisted of endovascular repair with a monoiliac endoprosthesis and a femorofemoral crossover bypass, because of limitations imposed by the anatomy of the aortic bifurcation. This paper discusses the rarity of this presentation of the disease and treatment outcomes and offers a brief review of the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]