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Resumen Objetivo Elaborar recomendaciones para la prevencion de infeccion en pacientes adultos con enfermedades reumaticas autoinmunes sistemicas (ERAS). Metodos Un panel de expertos, seleccionados con base en su curriculum y experiencia, identifico preguntas clinicas de investigacion relevantes para el objetivo del documento. Se realizaron revisiones sistematicas de la evidencia, que se graduo de acuerdo con los criterios del Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Tras ello, se formularon las recomendaciones. Resultados Se seleccionaron cinco preguntas, referentes a la prevencion de infeccion por Pneumocystis jirovecii con trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol, medidas profilacticas contra el virus de la hepatitis B, vacunacion contra el virus del papiloma humano, vacunacion contra el Streptococcus pneumoniae y vacunacion contra el virus de la gripe. Se formularon un total de 18 recomendaciones, estructuradas por pregunta, con base en la evidencia encontrada para las diferentes ERAS y/o consenso de expertos. Conclusiones Existe suficiente evidencia sobre la seguridad y eficacia de las vacunaciones y otras medidas profilacticas frente a los microrganismos revisados en este documento como para ser recomendadas especificamente en pacientes con ERAS.

Este trabajo evalúa los casos de arteritis de células gigantes (ACG) y polimialgia reumática (PMR) tras la vacunación con COVID-19 utilizando una base de datos global de farmacovigilancia. This work identifies cases of giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) following vaccination with COVID-19 using a global pharmacovigilance database., {"references":["Vol 20, Nº 2, Pág 102732. 2021. Liozon E, Parreau S, Filloux M et al. Giant cell arteritis or polymyalgia rheumatica after influenza vaccination: a study of 12 patients and a literature review. Autoimmun Rev. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102732","Vol 9, Nº 5, Pág 435. 2021. Watad A, De Marco G, Mahajna H et al. Immune-mediated disease flares or new-onset disease in 27 subjects following mRNA/DNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Vaccines. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050435","Vol 3, Nº 7, Págs 469-470. 2021. Terracina KA, Tan FK. Flare of rheumatoid arthritis after COVID-19 vaccination. Lancet Rheumatol. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00108-9"]}

Objectives To develop recommendations for the prevention of infection in adult patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). Methods Clinical research questions relevant to the objective of the document were identified by a panel of experts selected based on their experience in the field. Systematic reviews of the available evidence were conducted, and evidence was graded according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria. Specific recommendations were made. Results Five questions were selected, referring to prevention of infection by Pneumocystis jirovecii with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, primary and secondary prophylactic measures against hepatitis B virus, vaccination against human papillomavirus, vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae and vaccination against influenza virus, making a total of 18 recommendations, structured by question, based on the evidence found for the different SARD and/or expert consensus. Conclusions There is enough evidence on the safety and efficacy of vaccinations and other prophylactic measures against the microorganisms reviewed in this document to specifically recommend them for patients with SARD.

A biomarker is a biological parameter that can be measured in blood or other body fluids or tissues and used as a sign of a normal or abnormal process, or of a condition or disease. In medicine, a biomarker can be used to diagnose a disease, to establish its prognosis or as a surrogate marker of outcome in research. In recent years, there has been strong interest in discovering new biomarkers, as well as in the development of new uses for well-known biomarkers in distinct diseases. In this article, the utility of several biomarkers not routinely used in rheumatology (procalcitonin, natriuretic peptides and cardiac troponins) in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases is reviewed.

Shoulder pain is one of the most common presenting complaints in daily clinical practice. The assessment of patients with shoulder pain is usually complicated due to the wide variety of possible etiologies. Physical examination of the shoulder is especially important in the assessment of soft tissue disorders, since there are a number of physical examination manoeuvres specifically designed to examine particular structures. In this article, the various clinical tests and their diagnostic utility for examining subacromial impingement, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and biceps tendons, gleno-humeral instability and the acromioclavicular joint are reviewed and compared with procedures considered as the gold standard.