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Background: Identifying sex-related differences/variables associated with 30-day/1-year mortality in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Methods: Multicenter/retrospective/observational study. Database sent to all-the-Italian vascular surgeries to collect all-the¬-patients operated for CLTI in 2019. Acute lower-limb ischemia and neuropathic-diabetic foot not included. Follow-up: 1-year. Data on demographics/comorbidities, treatments/outcome, and 30-day/1-year mortality investigated. Results: Information on 2399 cases (69.8% men) from 36/143 (25.2%) centers. Median (IQR) age: 73 (66-80) and 79 (71-85) yrs for men/women, respectively (p75 (HR3.63, p=.003) associated with 30-day mortality. Age >75 (HR2.14, p

Aim is to report the learning curve and standardization process of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG), describing the evolution in surgical technique and patient management in the authors' experiences.One hundred twenty-seven patients were divided in three Groups (A, B, and C), based on bougie size and technical details, and included 36, 46, and 45 patients, respectively.Mean operative time in Groups A, B, and C was 201.5, 150.8, and 172 minutes, respectively. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 1 Group A case. Eleven postoperative complications (8.6%) were observed (1 Group A, 8 Group B, 2 and Group C). Mean hospital stay in Groups A, B, and C, was 7.1, 6.9, and 3.1 days, respectively. At a mean follow-up of 69.7 months (Group A), 33.3 months (Group B), and 14.8 months (Group C), mean postoperative body mass index is 32.6, 28.1, and 31.5 kg/mLSG is a safe and effective procedure. In the postoperative course, meticulous alertness to early warning signs of sepsis and aggressive patient management are mandatory to prevent mortality. The use of a larger bougie size was associated with weight regain.

2,2':6',2''-Terpyridine (1) is a well-known electron donor module in metal coordination chemistry and typically works as a tridentate ligand. Here it is shown that 1 can also work as electron donor towards iodoperfluorocarbons both in solution and in the solid phase. Halogen-bonded supramolecular systems are thus obtained. Specifically, terpyridine 1 self-assembles with 1,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-3,6-diiodobenzene (2) and affords the trimeric adduct 3, which is stable and crystalline in the air at room temperature. Single crystal X-ray analysis shows how in adduct 3 both iodine atoms of one molecule of 2 are halogen-bonded to the nitrogen atoms of external pyridine rings of two molecules of 1 that act as monodentate electron donors.

Attractive pi-pi interactions between two of the four outside cavity faces of 1,3-bis-pyridylmethylcalix[4]arene (1) and both faces of 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (2a) form infinite one-dimensional non-covalent ribbons where the two modules alternate. These ribbons are cross-linked by electron donor-acceptor interactions between picolyl nitrogen atoms of calixarene 1 in one chain and iodine atoms of perfluoroarene 2a in another chain and the two-dimensional supramolecular network 3a is formed. A similar behaviour is also shown by 1,4-dibromotetrafluorobenzene (2b). The halogen bonding and the attractive pi-pi interactions occur in directions which are nearly orthogonal each other. Diiodotetrafluorobenzene, being involved in both these interactions, appears to be a particularly interesting tecton. The ability of electron-poor arenes to elicit the exo-receptor potential of calixarene module by connecting their outside faces through pi-pi interactions may be developed as a new and general binding protocol in calixarene self-assembly processes.

The formation of infinite 1D networks where diiodoperfluorocarbons are halogen bonded to di-nitrogen substituted hydrocarbons is described. The N⋯I non-covalent interaction is specific, directional, and strong enough to effectively overcome the low affinity between perfluorocarbon and hydrocarbon modules and to drive their self-assembly in the solid and liquid phase. Several analytical techniques are used to identify and characterise the electron donation from nitrogen to iodine atoms. The effectiveness of the interaction is largely independent from the overall structure of the involved modules. Indeed, supramolecular architectures have been obtained starting from diiodoperfluoroalkanes and -arenes (electron poor motifs) as well as from pyridine derivatives and di- or trialkylamines (electron rich motifs). The halogen bonding can thus begin to be considered as a first choice intermolecular interaction in crystal engineering.

An attractive intermolecular interaction which has been called “halogen bonding” exists between the nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms present in HC motifs and the iodine atom of PFC residues. The “halogen bonding” is strong enough to overcome the low affinity existing between PFC and HC compounds, driving their self-assembly into supramolecular architectures. The non-covalent co-polymer formed by 1,2-diiodotetrafluoroethane with diazabicyclooctane has been prepared and characterised by FT–IR and –Raman spectroscopies. We propose the changes shown by the vibrational spectra of single PFC and HC components when involved in halogen bonded co-polymers as diagnostic probes of the interaction and as tools to rank the electron-donor ability of differently heteroatom substituted hydrocarbons.

4,4′-Bipyridine 1 works as an electron donor to α,ω-diiodoperfluoroalkanes 2a-d and gives infinite chains 3a-d as white, crystalline solids which are stable at room temperature and in air. The structural features of these non-covalent co-polymers have been studied using various techniques (IR, Raman, 19F NMR, DSC, X-ray) and parallel strictly those of analogous-co-crystals given by halogens, interhalogens, and pseudohalogens. The close analogy between α,ω-diiodoperfluoroalkanes and halogens and pseudohalogens allows the use of the literature data on aggregation abilities of the latter compounds to anticipate those of the former ones.

Halogenbrucken, anziehende intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen zwischen Perfluoralkylbromiden und Bromidionen, liegen in Mischkristallen aus (−)-Sparteinhydrobromid 1 und (S)-1,2-Dibromhexafluorpropan 2 vor (schematisch dargestellt) und fuhren zur Bildung enantiomerenreiner, endloser supramolekularer Helices. Die Aggregatbildung durch Selbstorganisation von Perfluorkohlenwasserstoff und Kohlenwasserstoff ermoglicht die Racematspaltung von 2.

When perfluorocarbon diiodides 1 and hydrocarbon diamines 2,3 are co-crystallised from chloroform a donor-acceptor interaction between the nitrogen atoms of 1 and the iodine atoms of 2, 3 lead to the formation of infinite one-dimensional coordination networks 4 and 5 . Thermal and infrared analyses of these adducts are reported. Nitrogen-iodine interaction is proposed as a non-covalent bonding strong enough to drive the formation of co-crystals between fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon derivatives.

Different anesthesiological techniques are currently used for intragastric balloon positioning and removal. The aim of this study is to compare different anesthesiological approaches for balloon positioning and removal in a large multicentric patient population.Retrospective multicenter study was conducted. From May 2000 to April 2008, 3,824 patients underwent BIB(®) placement [1,022 male/2,802 female; mean age 39.5 ± 14.7 years, range 12-71 years; mean body mass index (BMI) 44.8 ± 9.7 kg/m(2), range 28.0-79.1 kg/m(2); excess weight (EW) 59.1 ± 29.8 kg, range 16-210 kg; %EW 89.3 ± 31.7, range 21.4-262]. Patients were allocated to three groups according to anesthesiological technique used: conscious sedation (group A), deep sedation (group B), and general anesthesia (group C). Intragastric balloon was placed after diagnostic endoscopy and removed after 6 months. Both positioning and removal were done under different protocols. Conscious sedation was obtained with topical lidocaine spray, adding diazepam (0.05-0.1 mg/kg iv) or midazolam (0.03-0.05 mg/kg iv). Deep sedation was obtained with propofol alone or adding other drugs such as midazolam, meperidine/fentanyl or meperidine/fentanyl + midazolam. General anesthesia was obtained with midazolam premedication (0.01-0.02 mg/kg iv) followed by induction with propofol (1-1.5 mg/kg iv) + Norcuron (80 mcg/kg iv) + fentanyl (0.5-1 mcg/kg iv), and maintenance with propofol (50-150 μg/kg/min) or sevorane. Oxygen saturation, hemodynamic stability, major anesthesiological complications and related mortality, patient satisfaction, time to return to autonomous walking, duration of procedure, and hospital stay were considered.Sedation-related mortality was absent. A significant number of patients with bronchoinhalation during balloon removal was observed with general anesthesia (P0.001).BIB positioning and removal should be performed under conscious sedation for patient safety and comfort, and technical success.

Heteroaromatic N-oxides are shown to work as effective electron donors towards perfluorocarbon iodides. This non-covalent interaction is strong enough to drive the self-assembly of perfluorocarbon and hydrocarbon modules into discrete aggregates or one dimensional infinite networks and to give rise to the shortest O⋯I intermolecular distance reported to now in the crystallographic literature. The effectiveness of the O⋯I–RF halogen bonding with respect to the better studied N⋯I–RF interaction is discussed.

In the liquid phase a specific and attractive intermolecular interaction exists between iodoor bromo-perfluoroalkanes (Rf - X, Rf = perfluorinated chain, X = Br, I) and heteroatom containing hydrocarbons (El) and it is robust enough to overcome the low affinity between perfluorocarbons and hydrocarbons. The interaction results in the formation of Rf - X····El complexes and this formation strongly affects 14N and 19F NMR spectra of the partners. An association constant of 10.7 ± 1 mol−1 has been determined.

4′-(4-Methylphenyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (1) self-assembles with dihaloperfluoroarenes (2). A chemo- and site-selective supramolecular synthesis occurs which preserves in the solid cocrystal the most stable s-trans, s-trans conformation of the pure terpyridine module. The single crystal X-ray structure of 3a, prepared from 1 and 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (2a) (monoclinic, a = 14.608(1), b = 13.276(1), c = 13.970(2) A, β = 109.808(8)°, U = 2549.4 (4) A3, T = 291 (1) K, space group C2/c Z = 4; μ(Mo-Kα) = 2.519 mm−1; d calc.: 1.890 g cm−3; 5748 reflections measured, 3715 unique (Rint = 0.024) which were used in all calculations; the final R and wR (F 2) were 0.043 and 0.069, respectively) shows the presence of infinite ribbons where the two modules alternate in a zigzag arrangement.

Having established an easy approach to a new class of pyridinium-1-aminides bearing an N -perfluoroacyl residue, we studied the influence of the polarity of the solvent on the maximum absorption in the UV/vis spectra. N -perfluoroacyl-pyridinium-1-aminides have a strong interaction with the solvent determining negative solvatochromic effects which have been correlated with the E T (30) polarity parameters. Some relative quantum yields of the title aminides as fluorescence emitters are also reported and they show an interesting structure dependence.

Halogen bonds, attractive intermolecular interactions between perfluoroalkyl bromides and bromide ions, are present in cocrystals of (-)-sparteinium hydrobromide (1) and (S)-1,2-dibromohexafluoropropane (2; shown schematically), and result in enantiopure and infinite supramolecular helices. The perfluorocarbon-hydrocarbon self-assembly allows the resolution of racemic 2.