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Matériels supplémentaires du travail doctoral portant sur la mobilité active et durable : quand la psychologie et la géographie se combinent pour mieux la comprendre et la promouvoir

Health psychologists can and must have a more important role to tackle the most important challenge facing humanity: climate change. Health psychologists’ knowledge and skills (e.g., individual behaviour change), and interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaboration will b essential to provoke the societal transformation that is needed.; Les psychologues de la santé peuvent et doivent jouer un rôle plus important pour relever le défi le plus important auquel l'humanité est confrontée : le changement climatique. Les connaissances et les compétences des psychologues de la santé (par exemple, le changement de comportement individuel), ainsi que la collaboration interdisciplinaire et transdisciplinaire seront essentielles pour provoquer la transformation sociétale qui est nécessaire.

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International audience; RationaleCertain activities embedded in academic culture (international conferences, field missions) are an important source of greenhouse gases (e.g., van Ewijk & Hoekman, 2021). Although some members of the scientific community have started to propose ways to reduce the impact of international conferences (e.g., Warner et al., 2022), collective efforts should be pursued to reduce the carbon footprint of the academic world. Serious games have been used in the past to promote attenuation and adaptation behaviours (Fernández Galeote et al., 2021). Nevertheless, to our knowledge, the deployed evaluations have only measured the changes on knowledge and not on behaviour. MethodologyParticipants working in French public research laboratories (N = 970) will be recruited and randomised to one of two arms: a) serious game group aiming to raising awareness about carbon footprint and identifying ways to reduce it, b) control group. The experimental part will last three hours. Participants will complete a survey about their work-related behaviours (number of flights per year, daily commuting, digital use) and about the institutional, sociodemographic and psychological factors related to behaviours (intention towards reducing travel by air, number of children). The evaluation will consist in 5 measurements: one baseline survey and the four others spread over the two years following the intervention.AnalysisData will be analysed by using mixed linear methods. Moreover, mediation and moderation analysis will be carried out to test the factors enabling or constraining behaviour change.Expected ResultsCarbon footprint reduction should be more important in the experimental group. Institutional, sociodemographic and psychological factors (hierarchical position, beliefs about negative consequences of changing behaviour) might moderate behaviour change.Conclusion The present study will allow to assess the effects of a serious game aiming carbon footprint reduction within Academia members. Moreover, it might provide some insights about the obstacles and levers of carbon footprint reduction in Academia.ReferencesFernández Galeote, D., Rajanen, M., Rajanen, D., Legaki, N.-Z., Langley, D. J., & Hamari, J. (2021). Gamification for climate change engagement : Review of corpus and future agenda. Environmental Research Letters, 16(6), 063004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abec05van Ewijk, S., & Hoekman, P. (2021). Emission reduction potentials for academic conference travel. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 25(3), 778‑788. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13079Warner, L. M., Teran-Escobar, C., Janssen, A., Masaryk, R., Rehackova, L., Bourke, B., & Araujo-Soares, V. (2022). How to make EHPS conferences more climate-friendly. First ideas for the 2022 meeting of the European Health Psychology Society. The European Health Psychologist, 22(4), 871‑875.; JustificationCertaines activités ancrées dans la culture académique (conférences internationales, missions sur le terrain) sont une source importante de gaz à effet de serre (e.g., van Ewijk & Hoekman, 2021). Bien que certains membres de la communauté scientifique aient commencé à proposer des moyens de réduire l'impact des conférences internationales (par exemple, Warner et al., 2022), des efforts collectifs doivent être poursuivis pour réduire l'empreinte carbone du monde universitaire. Les serious games ont été utilisés par le passé pour promouvoir des comportements d'atténuation et d'adaptation (Fernández Galeote et al., 2021). Néanmoins, à notre connaissance, les évaluations déployées n'ont mesuré que les changements sur les connaissances et non sur les comportements. ObjectifsLes deux principaux objectifs sont a) d'évaluer l'efficacité du jeu sérieux "Ma terre en 180 minutes" dans la réduction de l'empreinte carbone et b) d'étudier les facteurs (par exemple, la position hiérarchique, les contraintes financières, la situation familiale) qui pourraient permettre ou limiter le changement de comportement.MéthodologieDes participants travaillant dans des laboratoires de recherche publics français (N = 970) seront recrutés et répartis au hasard dans l'un des deux groupes suivants : a) groupe de jeu sérieux visant à sensibiliser à l'empreinte carbone et à identifier les moyens de la réduire, b) groupe témoin. La partie expérimentale durera trois heures. Les participants répondront à une enquête sur leurs comportements professionnels (nombre de vols par an, trajets quotidiens, utilisation du numérique) et sur les facteurs institutionnels, sociodémographiques et psychologiques liés aux comportements (intention de réduire les déplacements en avion, nombre d'enfants). L'évaluation consistera en 5 mesures : une enquête de base et les quatre autres réparties sur les deux années suivant l'intervention.AnalyseLes données seront analysées en utilisant des méthodes linéaires mixtes. En outre, une analyse de médiation et de modération sera effectuée pour tester les facteurs permettant ou limitant le changement de comportement.Résultats attendusLa réduction de l'empreinte carbone devrait être plus importante dans le groupe expérimental. Les facteurs institutionnels, sociodémographiques et psychologiques (position hiérarchique, croyances sur les conséquences négatives du changement de comportement) pourraient modérer le changement de comportement.Conclusion La présente étude permettra d'évaluer les effets d'un jeu sérieux visant la réduction de l'empreinte carbone au sein des membres du milieu universitaire. En outre, elle pourrait fournir des indications sur les obstacles et les leviers de la réduction de l'empreinte carbone dans les universités.ReferencesFernández Galeote, D., Rajanen, M., Rajanen, D., Legaki, N.-Z., Langley, D. J., & Hamari, J. (2021). Gamification for climate change engagement : Review of corpus and future agenda. Environmental Research Letters, 16(6), 063004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abec05van Ewijk, S., & Hoekman, P. (2021). Emission reduction potentials for academic conference travel. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 25(3), 778‑788. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13079Warner, L. M., Teran-Escobar, C., Janssen, A., Masaryk, R., Rehackova, L., Bourke, B., & Araujo-Soares, V. (2022). How to make EHPS conferences more climate-friendly. First ideas for the 2022 meeting of the European Health Psychology Society. The European Health Psychologist, 22(4), 871‑875.

InterMob is a behavioral intervention combining hard and soft levers to reduce car use within regular car users

Virtual reality (VR) technology is a highly promising tool for research in psychology and affective sciences. This research aimed to explore to what extent full VR elements (3 dimensions and movement) can be compared with elements related to more traditional methods (e.g., photos or videos in 2 dimensions, static or dynamic), in their impact on emotion elicitation. Sixty participants observed twenty-four stimuli (a koala, a frog and a spider) presented in 2 or 3 dimensions and in a static or a dynamic format, twice. Physiological measurements were recorded during the experiment and, participants evaluated their subjective feeling using three tools (twenty participants used an intensity slider; twenty participants used the Geneva emotion wheel and twenty participants used a self-report manikin registering bodily location of feelings). No interactions between animal, dimension and format were found influencing subjective feeling or physiological responses. Some evidence of an effect of format was found through two of the tools used to evaluate subjective feeling (intensity slider and manikin), with dynamic images that tended to induce more intense feelings than static images.

Background Frequent car use contributes to health and environmental issues such as air pollution, climate change and obesity. Active and sustainable mobility (bike, walk, public transport, car sharing) may address these issues. Different strategies have been implemented in past research, involving hard levers, aimed at modifying the economical or geographical context (e.g., free public transport), and soft levers, aimed at modifying psychological processes (e.g., personalised transport advice). However, few studies have combined both hard and soft levers. In addition, few have used robust methodologies (e.g., randomised controlled trials), followed behavioural changes in the long-term, and been anchored in behaviour change theories. InterMob aims to address these limits by implementing a 24-month randomised controlled trial including hard and soft levers. The objectives of InterMob are to a) evaluate the effectiveness of an experimental arm versus an active controlled arm, and b) identify the processes of mobility change. Methods Regular car users living in Grenoble (N = 300) will be recruited and randomised to one of the two arms. The experimental arm consists in a six-month intervention combining hard levers (free access to transport/bikes), and soft levers (e.g., personalised transport advice). The control arm consists in a six-month intervention aimed at raising awareness on air pollution and its health effects. Both arms will include eight evaluation weeks (spread out over 24 months) based on a GPS, an accelerometer, and a pollution sensor. Moreover, participants will complete mobility logbooks and surveys measuring psychological constructs, socio-economical, and socio-spatial characteristics. Discussion InterMob will assess the effectiveness of two interventions aimed at reducing car use within regular car users in the short-, mid- and long-term. Moreover, InterMob will allow to better understand the psychological processes of behaviour change, and the socio-economical and geographical conditions under which the intervention is efficient in reducing car use. Finally, the benefits of mobility change in terms of physical activity, quality of life, and exposure to pollution will be quantified. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05096000 on 27/10/2021 (retrospectively registered).