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Copyright of CIRCULO de Linguistica Aplicada a la Comunicacion is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artículo se centra en el análisis temático del discurso alimentario de la divulgación científica en los medios de comunicación generalistas. Sus objetivos son: (i) establecer los temas del discurso de la alimentación; (ii) determinar el grado de importancia y centralidad de cada uno; (iii) analizar las relaciones que se establecen entre ellos; y (iv) valorar los enfoques ideológicos que se ha dado a estos temas. Se parte del análisis de un corpus de 144 artículos sobre alimentación de los 12 periódicos generalistas con mayor alcance; de este corpus se ha confeccionado un grafo de coocurrencia de palabras no dirigido y pesado a partir del cual se han calculado el grado de intermediación, el grado del nodo y la modularidad. Estas medidas nos han permitido identificar comunidades que constituyen los distintos temas y subtemas. Se ha concluido que el enfoque fundamental de la alimentación es la salud, que los alimentos ya no son simplemente comida, sino nutrientes y que los colectivos que centran esta visión son las mujeres, los niños y las niñas.

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic brought with it a large number of adverse consequences for public health with serious socioeconomic repercussions. In this study we characterize the social, demographic, morbidity and mortality conditions of individuals treated for COVID-19 in one of the SARS-CoV-2 reference hospitals in Mexico City. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 259 patients discharged from the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, between April 11, 2020 and March 14, 2021. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the association between sociodemographic and clinical variables. An optimization was performed using maximum likelihood calculations to choose the best model compatible with the data. The maximum likelihood model was evaluated using ROC curves, goodness-of-fit estimators, and multicollinearity analysis. Statistically significant patterns of comorbidities were inferred by evaluating a hypergeometric test over the frequencies of co-occurrence of pairs of conditions. A network analysis was implemented to determine connectivity patterns based on degree centrality, between comorbidities and outcome variables. Results: The main social disadvantages of the studied population are related to the lack of social security (96.5%) and the lag in housing conditions (81%). Variables associated with the probability of survival were being younger (p < 0.0001), having more durable material goods (p = 0.0034) and avoiding: pneumonia (p = 0.0072), septic shock (p < 0.0001) and acute respiratory failure (p < 0.0001); (AUROC: 91.5%). The comorbidity network for survival cases has a high degree of connectivity between conditions such as cardiac arrhythmias and essential arterial hypertension (degree centrality = 90 and 78, respectively). Conclusions: Given that among the factors associated with survival to COVID-19 there are clinical, sociodemographic and social determinants of health variables, in addition to age; it is imperative to consider the various factors that may affect or modify the health status of a population, especially when addressing emerging epidemic phenomena such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objetivo] Esta investigación tiene como objetivo profundizar en el análisis de los atributos de la arquitectura web y la navegabilidad de los sitios web destinados a proporcionar información a las personas retornadas españolas. [Metodología] Se trata de un estudio empírico de carácter exploratorio, con un diseño cualitativo que se sustenta sobre una base estadístico-descriptiva, en el cual se exponen frecuencias absolutas y frecuencias relativas. El análisis cualitativo se ha realizado a través de un examen manual apoyado por la herramienta Atlas.Ti y con base en un modelo teórico empíricamente fundado. Se examina un corpus compuesto por 16 sitios web relativos a las asociaciones y federaciones españolas activas de retornados y retornadas, durante los años 2019-2021, lo que supone la totalidad de las páginas web de las asociaciones y federaciones objeto de estudio. [Resultados] Los sitios web analizados muestran un comportamiento homogéneo en cuanto a estructura, interfaz y términos de navegabilidad. Utilizan formatos semejantes a los blogs actuales, pero con una baja actualización de su contenido. Se trata de espacios con una densa acumulación informativa dispuesta con formatos de hipervínculo o documentación adjunta. [Conclusiones] Se concluye que la arquitectura y navegabilidad de las páginas web de las asociaciones y federaciones españolas de retornados y retornadas se caracterizan mucho más por su homogeneidad que por los elementos diferenciadores. Este trabajo abre el camino a futuros estudios comparativos y relacionales que permitan el análisis de semejanzas y diferencias entre sitios web, así como de la caracterización de sus estructuras comunicativas.

Copyright of Investigación Administrativa is the property of ESCA Santo Tomas - IPN and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La universidad y la docencia desde su misión en el aporte al desarrollo regional y la inclusión social no son ajenos a enfrentar problemáticas de las diferentes regiones donde tiene participación, es por esa razón que el trabajo de investigación coadyuva al cumplimiento de los requisitos legales que deben cumplir los recicladores de oficio para las actividades de aprovechamiento (Decreto 596 de 2016). La investigación muestra los métodos y técnicas aplicadas desde la investigación de operaciones, para el “Modelado de la red de recolección de aprovechamiento en el municipio de Sogamoso”, como: Diseño de la red de aprovechamiento para modelarse y resolverse desde las teorías de redes, donde los nodos son los puntos de recolección y deben estar conectados por ramas (distancias entre puntos de recolección) para la actividad de recolección de los residuos sólidos aprovechables en el municipio de Sogamoso. Análisis de la red de aprovechamiento, para definir la ruta más corta que optimice los recursos que intervienen en las mismas. Presentación de una herramienta basada en la georreferenciación final de la red a la empresa prestadora del servicio público de aseo para la implementación según los procedimientos ajustados a la norma para la recolección, el transporte y el aprovechamiento que garantice el desarrollo sostenible en el municipio.

Copyright of Agriscientia is the property of Revista AgriScientia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For long-distance dispersal generalists, connectivity provided by the area within habitat patches themselves accounted for ~69% of overall connectivity, direct connections accounted for ~8% (Figure 5c,g,k,o), and connectivity facilitated by stepping-stones accounted for ~23% of ECA (Figure 5d,h,l,p) for all conservation strategies. Managers focused on the conservation of habitat specialists may want to prioritize protected area development adjacent to established conservation lands to achieve multiple conservation objectives (e.g., enhancing connectivity and population abundance) that may increase overall biodiversity outcomes (Albert et al., 2017). Keywords: conservation alternatives; conservation forecasting; conservation planning; dynamic connectivity; graph theory; network theory; alternativas de conservación; conectividad dinámica; planeación de la conservación; pronóstico de conservación; teoría de grafos; teoría de redes; ; ; ; ; ; EN conservation alternatives conservation forecasting conservation planning dynamic connectivity graph theory network theory alternativas de conservación conectividad dinámica planeación de la conservación pronóstico de conservación teoría de grafos teoría de redes 1 15 15 10/04/22 20221001 NES 221001 INTRODUCTION Habitat loss and fragmentation threaten global biodiversity and are widely regarded as proximal drivers of extinction (Crooks et al., 2017; Kuussaari et al., 2009). [Extracted from the article]

The university and teaching from their mission to contribute to regional development and social inclusion are not alien to facing problems in the different regions where they participate, it is for that reason that the research work contributes to the fulfillment of the legal requirements that must comply with the ex-officio recyclers for the exploitation activities (Decree 596 of 2016). The research shows the methods and techniques applied from the operations research, for the "Modeling of the harvesting collection network (micro routes) from the public cleaning service in the municipality of Sogamoso", such as: Design of the exploitation network to be modeled and solved from the network theories, where the nodes are the collection points and must be connected by branches (distances between collection points) for the usable solid waste collection activity in the municipality of Sogamoso. Analysis of the exploitation network, to define the shortest route that optimizes the resources involved in them. Presentation of a tool based on the final georeferencing of the network to the company that provides the public cleaning service for implementation according to the procedures adjusted to the standard for collection, transportation and use that guarantees sustainable development in the municipality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an evaluation of a theoretical approach of network theory that describes network evolution by comparing it to an observed evolution of an industrial cooperation network connecting different countries. The theoretical approach considered is the well-known preferential attachmentmechanismleading to power-lawdistributions developed by Albert Barabási. The empirical phenomenon studied is the evolution of the Industrial Knowledge Bank (IKB) maintained by The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). By fitting a discrete power law to the empirical data collected during the 4 years of operation of the IKB project and testing the goodness-of-fit using the bootstrapping procedure, it is shown that the theoretical framework in its most elementary form is adequate to grasp the essential features of the observed case. The comparison also leads to an improved understanding of very influential social factors like language and geographical distance, thus can give valuable insight for the further theoretical advances in theoretical work on network evolution and its applications to Social, Industrial, and Economic Development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical models together with scientific computation allow understanding the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases in a society. In this research, the dynamics of the spread of a SIR type disease was studied by considering different groups of people whose interaction with each other is described by a social network. The integration of the SIR type epidemiological model and the social network was carried out by means of a computational method implemented in the Python tool, the Scipy library and the NetworkX library. In addition, the constructed tool allows simulating different scenarios which can be used to understand the dynamics of the disease and thus establish some strategies to reduce the speed of spread of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a great deal of criticism of the low relationship between the research processes and the business context in faculties, the management programs, and the poorly positioned business schools. This paper aims at determining relevant topics in administrative sciences by applying the analysis of networks to identify the institutions that handle recurrent topics, those that address specialized topics, and the territories that include research in the administrative field. The study identified the best worldwide and nationwide faculties, management programs, and business schools; and from this selection, we built a relational model of the interactions between institutions and topics by using the network theory. This type of analysis was implemented since it allows a systematic review, and the results become inputs that contribute to subsequent decision making by institutions involved in this field. Among the results, we identified the Columbia Business School, INSEAD Business School, Cornell Business College, Harvard Business School and, finally, the SLOAN School of Management of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as notable institutional nodes. Finally, the relevant thematic nodes were identified: those that are related to finance, entrepreneurship, globalization, and leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debido a la extensa proliferación del turismo urbano a nivel internacional, surge la necesidad de potenciar y entender cómo los barrios históricos, al ser intervenidos estratégicamente, pueden resultar ser destinos turísticos de turismo experiencial, poniendo en valor recursos y servicios que a su vez mejoran la vida de la población local. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar y describir cómo el fortalecimiento del asociacionismo y las redes entre quiénes componen la oferta cultural, comercial y turística de dichos barrios históricos resulta fundamental para el desarrollo y sostenibilidad de los mismos. Es por esto que se ha seleccionado dos barrios históricos como Barrio Italia (Santiago de Chile) y Barrio de las Letras (Madrid) por encontrarse en diferentes fases de ciclo de vida respecto a su desarrollo como destino turístico.

La investigación jurídica contemporánea se enfrenta al reto de incorporar metodologías utilizadas en otras ciencias sociales, es en ese escenario que aparece la teoría de redes como un instrumento que aporta herramientas en el abordaje del estudio del derecho. Existen tres aplicaciones del análisis de redes: las redes de normas, las redes jurisprudenciales y las redes textuales para analizar la estructura interna de una norma. Luego de presentar las tres perspectivas como una forma de acercar a otros investigadores al uso de las redes en las ciencias jurídicas, se manifiesta que la potencialidad de las redes en el manejo de grandes cantidades de información puede convertirse en una limitación por la incapacidad de observar los detalles de los objetos de estudio. La investigación jurídica contemporánea se enfrenta al reto de incorporar metodologías utilizadas en otras ciencias sociales, es en ese escenario que aparece la Teoría de Redes como un instrumento que aporta herramientas en la acercarse a los objetos de estudio del derecho. Existen tres aplicaciones que se ha dado al análisis de redes, las redes de normas, las redes jurisprudenciales y las redes textuales para analizar la estructura interna de una norma. En este artículo de revisión se presentan las tres perspectivas como una forma de acercar a otros investigadores al uso de las redes como forma de analizar el derecho.

Landscape planning that ensures the ecological integrity of ecosystems is critical in the face of rapid human‐driven habitat conversion and development pressure. Wildlife tracking data provide unique and valuable information on animal distribution and location‐specific behaviors that can serve to increase the efficacy of such planning. Given the spatiotemporal complexity inherent to animal movements, the interaction between movement behavior and a location is often oversimplified in commonly applied analyses of tracking data. We analyzed GPS‐tracking‐derived metrics of intensity of use, structural properties (based on network theory), and properties of the movement path (speed and directionality) with machine learning to define homogeneous spatial movement types. We applied our approach to a long‐term tracking data set of over 130 African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in an area under pressure from infrastructure development. We identified 5 unique location‐specific movement categories displayed by elephants, generally defined as high, medium, and low use intensity, and 2 types of connectivity corridors associated with fast and slow movements. High‐use and slow‐movement corridors were associated with similar landscape characteristics associated with productive areas near water, whereas low‐use and fast corridors were characterized by areas of low productivity farther from water. By combining information on intensity of use, properties of movement paths, and structural aspects of movement across the landscape, our approach provides an explicit definition of the functional role of areas for movement across the landscape that we term the movescape. This combined, high‐resolution information regarding wildlife space use offers mechanistic information that can improve landscape planning. Article impact statement: A cohesive assessment of the functional role of landscape for movement provides valuable insight for targeted mitigation actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La tecnología aplicada al uso de grandes datos ha sido una herramienta importante para proveer información necesaria para dar respuestas a los retos de salud pública ante la pandemia de COVID-19, y en Colombia no ha sido la excepción. En este documento se analizan dos insumos de analítica de datos (rastreo digital de contactos y análisis agregado de movilidad, ambos basados en datos de telefonía celular) sobre los cuales se han tomado medidas de salud púbica en el país latinoamericano como, por ejemplo, determinar zonas de control diferencial dentro de una ciudad, el rastreo de contactos, y la identificación de potenciales superdispersores. Con base en una muestra de los datos utilizados, se hace una reflexión a la luz de los hallazgos reportados hasta el momento, especialmente desde una perspectiva de redes complejas de contactos y superdispersores, las cuales se ha mostrado tienen un papel crítico en el comportamiento de la epidemia. Los análisis expuestos son parte de una compleja interacción entre el contexto político y epidemiológico que hacen diversas sus respectivas implementaciones. Por último, se resalta que Colombia cuenta con diversos ejemplos de políticas públicas informadas por datos de última generación.

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la evolución y perdurabilidad de empresas bursátiles de la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (bmv) de 1895 a 2016. El método de investigación fue un análisis histórico-descriptivo de 1663 empresas que cotizaron un año o más dentro de ese periodo. Se concluye que el 51.53 % de empresas dejan de ser bursátiles en los primeros cinco años. Utilizando la Teoría de Redes, y dos variables de centralidad estructural: grado nodal (nodal degree) y cercanía (closeness centrality), se evaluó la muestra de 91 empresas con 21 años o más de perdurabilidad en bmv; concluyendo que, 5.47 % perduró durante ese periodo.Los resultados del análisis muestran que los periodos presidenciales con mayor participación bursátil fueron: Porfiriato, Desarrollo estabilizador (López Mateos-Díaz Ordaz) y Neoliberalismo priista, (Salinas-Zedillo). Las variables de centralidad estructural demuestran que el sector industrial fue el de mayor perdurabilidad y el sector servicios el de mayor volatilidad en la bmv, existiendo correlación entre variables de grado nodal y cercanía: A mayor número años de empresas activas en la bmv, mayor cercanía empresarial existía con el presidente en turno. La elevancia de la investigación es ser el primer trabajo que analiza la perdurabilidad de empresas bursátiles en 121 años, mediante el análisis de redes.

Las concepciones de género, por lo general, son repro-ducidas a través de estereotipos y roles que dificultan el trabajo, más que nada a nivel universitario. En el caso de los docentes universitarios, este se ve reflejado parti-cularmente en la escasa participación multidisciplinaria, transdisciplinaria e interdisciplinaria en la autoría y coau-toría de artículos indexados en revistas de alto impacto. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de estas relaciones académicas y de género utilizando como marco metodológico la teoría de redes y de género en este tipo de publicaciones. La información utilizada para este análisis, corresponde al número de artículos escrito por docentes investigadores diferenciado por género. Como conclusión se menciona que, las medidas estadísticas de la red de comunicación académica y de género en docentes universitarios, influyen directamente en publicación de este tipo de artículos.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the internationalization processes of two Brazilian IT firms from the perspective of business networks, seeking to understand the reasons that led these firms to internationalize, the factors influencing the process, and, above all, the importance of business networks. Method: a qualitative approach, based on multiple case study method was chosen. Main results: It was found that, although the firms internationalized for different reasons and in different ways, the propositions of the Network Theory, to a greater or lesser extent, were sufficiently robust to explain the internationalization processes of the two firms. Furthermore, in the case in which relationship networks played a more relevant role, the speed of internationalization was higher. Relevance / Originality: The present study addresses two literature gaps noted by Chetty and Stangl (2010): (i) the study of small and medium-sized enterprises in relation to internationalization, innovation, and networks; and (ii) the qualitative testing of the propositions raised by the authors on these subjects. Contributions: Both managerially - by stressing to managers and entrepreneurs the importance of relationship networks for the internationalization of firms, using real cases - and academically - by contributing to the literature on firm internationalization and network theory (NT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En este trabajo se emplearon métodos de análisis de redes para el estudio de la migración inter - na reciente en dos regiones fronterizas de México, utilizando datos del Conteo de Población de 1995 y la Encuesta Intercensal de 2015, los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación de las técnicas del análisis de redes mostraron diferencias entre las regiones. En 1995, la centralidad de la migración en el noroeste se concentraba en más municipios que en el noreste, indicando una concentración mayor de la migración. En 2015, se tienen elementos para concluir que la red en el noreste es más concentrada que en la del noroeste.

En la búsqueda de aumentar los ingresos y de captar más clientes para conseguir un mayor beneficio económico, las compañías buscan expandirse a mercados internacionales. A este proceso de expansión se le conoce como internacionalización. Este fenómeno presenta varias formas o modos de entrada de las compañías al mercado internacional, entre las cuales tenemos las exportaciones, acuerdos contractuales, alianzas estratégicas e inversión extranjera directa. Para el ingreso de las compañías a mercados extranjeros se han desarrollado modelos o estructuras que explican este proceso, entre los más reconocidos y estudiados tenemos el modelo Uppsala, también conocido como gradual, los nacidos globales o born glogal y la teoría de redes. En cuanto a la medición de la internacionalización se han definido tres indicadores, estos son: el tiempo, la escala y el alcance.

Copyright of Bulletin Hispanique is the property of Universite de Bordeaux III (Michel de Montaigne), Institut Hispanique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a estrutura da rede de colaboração dos pesquisadores da Universidade Federal de Lavras que registraram inventos no Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Intelectual (INPI), no período de 1995 a 2013. Os temas que correspondem aos pressupostos teóricos usados para embasar este estudo são a força dos laços de Granovetter (1973) e a teoria dos buracos estruturais de Burt (1992) e sua importância para as relações interorganizacionais, no contexto das universidades ou institutos de pesquisa. Explorou abordagens relacionadas à inovação. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos trata-se de estudo de caso, o qual foi adotada a análise documental, a pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevista pessoal em profundidade com 10 professores/pesquisadores. Para identificar na estrutura da rede, os atores centrais, além dos procedimentos já citados, utilizou-se da análise sociométrica, observando a autoria dos inventos registrados no INPI, por meio do Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica (Nintec), calculados automaticamente com auxílio dos softwares Ucinet© e Netdraw. A pesquisa classifica-se como exploratório e descritivo, de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se análise de conteúdo. Com base nos resultados foi possível concluir que neste estudo de caso pôde ser avaliada a relação entre teoria de redes sociais e atores envolvidos com a geração de propriedade intelectual em uma universidade brasileira, a UFLA. Pode-se verificar que o número reduzido de registros de proteção, nesta universidade, está intimamente relacionado a escassa cultura dos professores/pesquisadores e outros responsáveis por inovações, de registrar seus inventos. Há uma tendência dos registros surgirem de iniciativas de interesse particular, devido à incipiente cultura de registro de proteção intelectual na universidade. Por meio deste estudo foi possível identificar que diversas políticas públicas tem sido implementadas e fortalecidas no Brasil e na UFLA, especialmente ao longo da última década.

Against the backdrop of trade liberalization, economies in Latin America have endeavored to capitalize on their comparative advantages and join global production processes; despite the fact that industrial exports have grown, however, they have had only a modest impact in terms of boosting the product in Latin American economies. The objective of this paper is to determine the influence of industrial exports on the product in six Latin American countries, using the input-output model and the network theory. The hypothesis sets out to prove that out of an economy's total transactions, the spillover effects from the industrial sector exports in each country are more diversified the more the country trades with the United States, even if these effects are weak, due to the low structural articulation in each of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente trabalho teve como foco a recuperação de usuários de drogas decorrentes de suas inserções em grupos de ajuda-mútua de Narcóticos Anônimos. Descrito o método da construção e análise de uma rede social formada pelos membros de uma associação baseada nos princípios terapêuticos dos doze-passos. Foram avaliadas as dimensões proximidade, afastamento, padrinho e confiança na rede. Uma das análises relaciona os atores quanto ao prestígio e a rejeição, e outra sobre o controle do fluxo de informações entre eles. A topologia é de uma rede Livre de escala. Os resultados mostraram que o uso da teoria de redes permite entender o papel de cada membro do grupo. O efeito da dinâmica de grupo identifica lideres que influenciam as pessoas da rede. O compartilhamento de valores na re-educação tem permitido que a abstinência seja um valor crucial.

Este trabalho discute uma proposta metodológica de investigação da temática da produção científica na Saúde Coletiva, com o apoio da teoria de redes, tomando como referência de aplicação os artigos publicados no periódico Cadernos de Saúde Pública em 2011. A proposta inclui a construção e a análise de redes semânticas de títulos de artigos, e uma comparação com redes semânticas de grupos de coautores. No experimento, montou-se uma rede de dois modos com títulos (269) e autores (858), em seguida foram projetadas, separadamente, as redes de autor e de título. Foram construídas e caracterizadas redes semânticas de títulos. Uma sub-rede de coautores foi escolhida e a correspondente rede de títulos comparada com a rede total. A proposta aponta alternativas que podem ser exploradas no trato da aplicação da análise de redes sociais na saúde, e em particular, na saúde coletiva. Índices da análise de redes são estendidos às redes semânticas de títulos e devidamente interpretados. Os resultados para a produção e período escolhidos mostram que a rede de dois modos e suas projeções são fragmentadas, com muitos componentes; apontam também para a influência de grupos de coautores na temática geral do periódico. Na análise da rede dos títulos, os temas que se destacaram são resultado de estudos coerentes com as metas prioritárias de Pesquisa do Ministério da Saúde.

This study explored from the perspective of networks and effectuation theories, how a security software Brazilian company goes international, identifying their motivations and what the competitive advantages that came from this process. The chosen methodology was qualitative, with the use of single case study. The results obtained allow to note that much of the path taken in the international market did not follow the initially planned by managers and that, after the internationalization, the company began to be perceived by domestic customers as more efficient and as having more advanced technological content. In fact, the search for international competitiveness led the company to maintain high technological standards, superior even to those of international competitors. The study aims to contribute to the understanding of the Brazilian software industry internationalization process by identifying the points that have turned this company in a unique case in the segment.

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Theoretically, polarization is associated with a higher probability of social conflict. This paper, in a microeconomic model based on the theory of social networks, analyses how changes in the network's structure affect the level of some basic parameters associated with the concept of polarization. This study shows that under upward monotonic preferences, longer sets of affiliations for each individual reduce polarization, whereas under downward monotonic preferences, longer sets of the so-called bad affiliations increase polarization. Finally, in the case of a non-monotonic system of preferences, an expansion of the affiliations set will alter the resulting polarization order in different ways depending on the preferences themselves

El presente estudio se enfoca en analizar los patrones de migración en Colombia desde la perspectiva de la teoría de redes. El análisis está dividido en dos partes: la primera es la formulación de un modelo basado en la teoría de redes que permita dar cuenta del fenómeno migratorio, de sus rasgos más característicos, y que sirva de marco de referencia para el análisis. La segunda parte involucra el uso de los datos obtenidos en el censo de 2005 para analizar los patrones de migración en Colombia y de esta forma poder dar indicios sobre la dinámica de este fenómeno en el país. Se encontró que Bogotá y Valle del Cauca concentran la mayor recepción de inmigrantes, y que una parte importante de los departamentos son expulsores.

O objetivo do trabalho é revalorizar o modelo de estratégias de Miles e colaboradores, que foi apresentado na década de 1970, e colocá-lo num quadro teórico de redes de negócios, já que tanto os autores originais, quanto os trabalhos posteriores colocam as incertezas do meio e as relações entre empresas, que são princípios valorizados nas teorias de redes, como o fundamento para as decisões estratégicas. A proposição orientadora é que a opção dos pequenos empresários por uma das quatro estratégias do modelo pode ser explicada a partir de suas conexões na rede em que estão imersos. O argumento é sustentado pela análise das convergências de artigos internacionais sobre as bases e capacidades do modelo e pela análise de pesquisas brasileiras com pequenas empresas, nas quais o modelo foi aplicado, buscando suas relações com variáveis demográficas, econômicas e de recursos das empresas. A interpretação é que esses trabalhos utilizaram os princípios de redes, embora não o tivessem explicitado. O artigo oferece um benefício teórico, com o suporte da teoria de redes para o modelo de Miles; oferece um benefício metodológico ao indicar que as variáveis de rede, tais como centralidade, densidade, conteúdo de fluxo e comprometimento, seriam as antecedentes principais para a determinação da posição estratégica da empresa e cria um benefício gerencial, ao apresentar um modelo que é aplicável a pequenas empresas, com capacidade de distinção entre as quatro estratégicas, ou seja, é possível determinar a estratégia que a empresa está seguindo, mesmo que não explicitada pelos seus dirigentes e indicar as possibilidades de movimentos para novas posições.The objective of this work is to revaluate the Miles' strategy model, which was presented in 1970, and insert it in a theoretical frame of business networks, since both the original author and posterior works put the uncertainty of the environment and the relations between companies as the foundation for strategic decision, which are principles of the network theories. The lead proposition is that the option for one of four strategies from the model by small businesses can be explained by its connections in the network in which they are immersed. The argument is sustained by the analysis of the convergence of international articles about the basis and capacities of the model and by the analysis of brazilian researches with small businesses, in which the model was applied, searching for its relations with demographic, economic and companies' resources variables. Our interpretation is that these works have utilized the principles of networks, although not explicitly. The article creates a theoretical benefit with the support of the network theory for the model; it creates a methodological benefit by indicating that the network variables, such as centrality, density, flow content and commitment, would be the main antecedents to determining the strategic position of the company; and it creates a managerial benefit by presenting a model which is applicable to small businesses, with the capacity of distinguishing between the four strategies, in other words, it is possible to determine the strategy that the company is following, even when it is not made explicit by its managers and the possibilities of movement to new positions.

This article aims to investigate how the micro and small businesses that provide healthy food are structured strategically in networks. This research is qualitative and interpretative, and it was conducted through a multiple case study, with non-probabilistic and by convenience sample. The primary data collection instrument was the semi-structured interview with the owners of two small businesses and one microenterprise that provide healthy food. The results indicated that the companies develop organizational and inter-organizational networks and perform strategic planning, even though it is done informally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]