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Two tillage systems were studied between 2022 and 2023 in Grebenișu de Câmpie and near Ungheni city (Mureș County, Romania) and their impact at growth and production parameters of rapeseed crop. Also, for each tillage system, the growth plant parameters have been monitorized. One of the studied tillage systems was conventional, including stubble cultivation followed by ploughing at 25 cm depth. The second tillage system was minimum tillage, using a trailed field cultivator for soil preparation, at a depth of 20-25 cm, one day before seeding. In both tillage systems, power harrow was used before seeding. During the growth stages of rapeseed, the plants were analyzed and compared for each tillage system and for each field from Ungheni area and from Grebenișu de Câmpie. The morphological characters were analyzed in laboratory. All colected data were statistycal represented in tables by location and by tillage system. In the variant with conventional plough, average height, number of branches, stem thickness and root development were smaller than in the fileds with minimum tillage. Regarding the morphological characters of plants, a significant difference was determined in the height and the number of plant branches, the values were higher at minimum tillage system.

Montane grasslands must be managed effectively to conserve biodiversity since they play an important role in sustaining healthy and diversified ecosystems. A 9 km transect was used to assess plant and lepidopteran biodiversity in mountain meadows in Bilbor, Romania. Different management strategies were used in each plot. The identified plants were divided into three categories: Poaceae, Fabaceae, and other families. In the case of lepidoptera, diurnal butterfly species from three families were observed: Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, and Pieridae. The number of plant species in the abandoned meadows was reduced, with a focus on those with low fodder value (Nardus stricta and Deschampsia flexuosa), as well as some invasive species (Vaccinium myrtillus). The implementation of protection and conservation measures resulted in species diversification, with an increase in the number of Poaceae (11 to 16 species) and Fabaceae (nine to fourteen species). In addition to providing more feed, the flora can benefit lepidopteran entomofauna. During the monitoring period, 29 species were identified from the three lepidopteran families. The most abundant species were Maniola jurtina L., Boloria selene Denis & Schif., Argynnis paphia L., Coenonympha pamphilus L. (Nymphalidae), Pseudophilotes schiffermuelleri Hemming (Lycaenidae), and Pieris mannii Mayer (Pieridae). Traditional mowing and grazing activities can help to maintain the structure and composition of these ecosystems, limiting biological succession to forest and sustaining floristic biodiversity.

Brassica rapa L. is one of the most common plant cultivated in Europe. The farmers from Ungheni area (Mureș, Romania) reported the attack of pest complex in rapeseed culture in the 2021 year. For that, two soil tillage systems were estabilished to reduce the pests complex and to increase the rapeseed production. The results indicated that is recommanded to apply two different tillage sistems at 5 parcels. First ot them was the conventional tillage, with plough and the other one was reduced tillage, with cultivator. For monitoring the growth stage and the pests percentage, 20 rapeseed plants were selected from each parcel. The pests idenification taked place at the Entomology Discipline and the plants grown stage and production parameters were analyzed at Agrotehnical Discipline, at University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca. In the conventional tillage the average of plants reported with pests was about 55% and the maximum number of adults/plant was 7 (field 2). In the minimum tillage, the average of plants reported with pests was about 15 % and the maximum number of adults/plant was 2. In the fields with plough, the production was about 3200 kg/ha and in those with cultivator, the production was about 4400 kg/ha.

Two species of the family Cetoniidae are commonly found in agricultural ecosystems: Oxythyrea funesta (Poda, 1761) and Tropinota hirta (Poda, 1761). These are polyphagous, attacking annual plants, fruit trees and shrubs but also plants from spontaneous flora. In 2020-2022, the presence of these two pests in the blackberry and black currant plantations was monitored, using Barber traps and blue containers with ecomonal products, (E)-anethole & (E)-cinnamyl alcohol and (±)-lavandulol & 2-phenyletanol. Species have been identified by morphological characters. The studies were carried out in the blackberry collection from USAMV Cluj-Napoca and in the ecological currant plantation in Recea Cristur - Cluj County (Romania). In the variant with (E)-anethole & (E)-cinnamyl alcohol in the three years, 318 individuals were captured, of which 282 of Tropinota hirta Poda (representing 88.7% of the total catches) and 36 individuals of Oxythyrea fatesta Poda. In the variant with (±)-lavandulol & 2-phenyletanol in the three years, 218 individuals were captured of which 139 were Oxythyrea funesta Poda (representing 63.8% of the total catches) and 79 individuals of Tropinota hirta Poda. These ecomonal products may be useful in monitoring and/or control these species. In Barber traps, catches were very low and they are not recommended in monitoring of these species.

Barber traps were used to monitor the coleopteran fauna of grasslands in the Bilbor area. In 2017, 268 specimens were collected using Barber traps. They belong to 55 species, systematically classified in 13 families. Of the total catches, 58.2% are represented by phytophagous beetles and 41.8% of them are predatory beetles. Most catches belong to the Carabidae family, with 75 specimens represented by 14 species. Most of the specimens caught belong to the species Carabus ulrichii Germar. In 2018, 305 copies were collected. They belong to 56 species, systematically classified in 13 families. This year too, most catches belong to the Carabidae family, which means 25.9% of the total catches. Most of the captured specimens belong to the species Harpalus tardus Panz. In the two years, 573 beetles, belonging to 65 species, were captured. Of the species reported, 31 are phytophagous species and 34 are zoophagous. According to the Ecological Significance Index (W) 5 species are accessory with the value of the index between 1.1-5.0% (Carabus ulrichii Germar, Harpalus distinguendus Duft., Ips amitinus Eichh., Ips typographus L. and Olibrus affinis Sturm.).

Species of ornamental trees and shrubs are frequently attacked by invasive species recently introduced in Romania. Of these, the species Metcalfa pruinosa Say. (Hemiptera: Flatidae), native to the United States, is widespread. It is a polyphagous species. The attack is manifested in the leaves causing damage to the aesthetic value of the attacked plants. During the 2020-2021, the species of trees and shrubs attacked by Metcalfa pruinosa Say were identified and the frequency and intensity of the attack was determined. The studies were carried out in the spaces see and on the street alignments in Cluj-Napoca. Observations were made on all plant species to determine the frequency of the attacked leaves. The species we reported on 47 species that systematically belong to 23 families. Metcalfa pruinosa Say. was reported on most plants, and the most attacked plants were: Ligustrum vulgare L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Acer platanoides L., Buxus sempervirens L., Thuja accidentalis L.

During the monitoring period of the lepidopteran entomofauna we collected 29 species, which systematically belong to the following families: 7 from the Lycaenidae, 17 from the Nymphalidae and 5 from the Pieridae. The species with the highest abundance are: Maniola jurtina L., Boloria selene Denis & Schiffermüller, Argynnis paphia L., Pieris mannii Mayer, Pseudophilotes schiffermuelleri Hemming and Coenonympha pamphilus L. The relatively good state of biodiversity conservation in the area is confirmed by the fact that in Pseudophilotes schiffermuelleri Hemming, Argynnis paphia L. and Coenonympha pamphilus L. which are potentially threatened taxa in Romania, in this area the population is well represented. From the Nymphalidae family, Boloria selene Denis & Schiffermüller is one of the most vulnerable taxa in the country, in the Bilbor area it is a well-represented species. Colias myrmidone Esper, which is in decline in Europe and is on the verge of extinction, still has a very small population only in the Bilbor and Gheorgheni area at an altitude of about 1000 m. Lycaena dispar rutile Werneburg, Lycaena thersamon Esper and Colias australis Verity considered considered vulnerable taxa in the country, in the Bilbor area still have a very small population.

The research aimed the study of an invasive species that has recently appeared in our country, Corythucha ciliata Say (plane tiger or lacy plane bedbug) (Hemiptera, Tingidae). Knowing this pest is very important in order to control it, in order to keep the appearance of the parks pleasant and clean. The insect is an aggressive pest of plane trees (Platanus spp.), which harms their leaves, leading to premature defoliation. The aims of this research were: identifying and monitoring of Corythucha ciliata Say populations; observations on the host plants in the analyzed space; tracking the biological cycle of the species Corythucha ciliata Say and the extent of pest. Following research conducted in 2020-2021, the invasive species Corythucha ciliata Say, was identified in 4 locations in Transylvania, on two species of plane trees, Platanus occidentalis Linné and Platanus x acerifolia Willdenow. In the ecological conditions of Cluj-Napoca (Cluj County), the numerical density of the pest on the plane leaves was of maximum 30 adults/leaf and 63 larvae/leaf. Concerning the biological cycle, it was found that, in the temperate-continental climate of Cluj-Napoca, the species has 2 generations per year.

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive polyphagous species, that is frequently found in blackberry culture, affecting the commercial value of fruits. Between 2020-2021, in the blackberry collection of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca (Romania), were carried out observations on susceptibility of five cultivated varieties (‘Thornless’, ‘Loch Ness’, ‘Thornfree’, ‘Thornless Evergreen’ and ‘Navaho’) to D. suzukii. In 2020, the attack frequency in the whole collection was 78.2%. ‘Thornfree’ had the highest attack frequency, 89% while ‘Loch Ness’ was the least susceptible with a frequency of attack of 71%. In 2021, the overall proportion of damaged fruits in the collection was 59.6%. The most susceptible was ‘Thornless’ with an attack frequency of 66% and ‘Thornless Evergreen’ with only 49%. The incidence of infestation by the spotted-wing Drosophila suzukii is influenced by the thermal characteristics of the year, with temperatures higher than 30 °C impacting the fertility of females and the viability of eggs. In the year 2020, the average number of larvae per fruit collected was 6.4, while the average number of larvae in the ‘Loch Ness’ cultivar was 9.4, with a maximum of 48 larvae per fruit. In 2021, an average of 3.4 larvae per fruit were observed, with variations ranging from 2.8 larvae in the ‘Thornfree’ cultivar to 4.2 larvae in the ‘Navaho’ cultivar.

The most important pests of acacia black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) (Fabaceae) are: Appendiseta robiniae Gillette, Phyllonorycter robiniella Clemens, Parectopa robiniella Clemens, Nematus tibialis Newman and Obolodiplosis robiniae Haldemann, species from North America, where it also originates the acacia, which is the host plant. In Europe these species were introduced accidentally, being considered invasive species. In Europe, O. robiniae Haldemann was first reported in July 2003 in northeastern Italy, in Paese near Padua, from where it spread to almost the entire European continent, especially through trade in infested biological material from nurseries. The attack occurs in the species R. pseudoacacia L., R. viscosa L. and R. hispida L., mainly in urban areas, where it mainly affects their aesthetic value. The larvae develop characteristic leaf margin roll galls on the infested leaves. There are up to 6 galels on a leaflet, and on average there are up to 5-6 larvae. In Europe it develops two, three and, in optimal conditions, even four generations a year. Zoophagous entomofauna can cause population decline, especially parasitoid species. For Platygaster robiniae Buhl & Duso (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) the percentage of parasites reported was up to 40%. A low percentage of parasitism can be produced by other species, such as: Aprostocetus sp., Chrysocharis sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Eupelmus urozonus Dalman (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), Eurytoma verticillata F. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), Mesopolobus mediterraneus Mayr. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Torymus sp (Hymenoptera: Torymidae).

Phyllopertha horticola Linné (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is one of the most common phytophagous beetles in Central Europe. In 2020 the blueberry growers from the Mărişel area reported the presence of a new beetle that attacked the fruit’s flowers and leaves. The species was identified at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine in Cluj-Napoca as the garden chafer. In the following year, the plants attacked by the garden beetle were monitored in the blueberry plantation in the Mărişel area. For monitoring the garden chafer, three rows of land were randomly selected in each plot with intervals of 20 plants per row. Each plant was analyzed individually and the number of adult beetles reported on the plant was noted. The observations were made between June and July 2021. In the Elliot variety, the share of plants reported with adults of Phyllopertha horticola Linné was between 50% and 60%, the average being 55%. Regarding the maximum number of adults/plant, it was between 6 specimens (raw 1) and 9 adults/plant (raw 2). In the Bluecrop variety, the share of plants with adults of the monitored species was between 10% and 45%, with an average per variety of 25%.

Obolodiplosis robiniae Haldeman (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a monophagous species, the host plants being species of the genus Robinia. The species is native to the U.S.A., and in Europe, it was first reported in Italy, in 2003, from where it spread to all European countries. In Romania, it was reported in 2007. The attack of this species is produced by the larval stage and manifests leaves. After hatching, the endophytic and gregarious larvae cause changes in the parenchyma structure that lead to the appearance of characteristic galls located at the edge of the leaflet and rolled towards its lower part. In 2021, we monitored the frequency of attacked acacia leaves, the number of galls reported on a leaflet and the number of larvae in a gala in two locations in Cluj-Napoca: on the acacias in the Central Park of the city and on the acacias in some street alignments. In the case of acacias in Central Park, the frequency of attacked fruits was 15%, and in the case of acacias in the alignment, 7%. On the 50 attacked leaves taken from Central Park, there were 932 leaflets, of which 40% are with galls, and the leaves on the alignment had 1010 leaflets, of which 19.2% are with galls. The number of galas/leaflets was between 1 and 5 galas in Central Park, and on alignments between 1 and 4 galas. In both locations, most of the leaflets were with a single gala. The maximum larvae/gala was five specimens in Central Park and three larvae on the leaflets on the alignment.

The species of pear sucker, also called pear psylla or pear psyllid, which are destructive insects belonging to the genus Cacopsylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) cause substantial damage to pear tree plantations. Two consecutive years of research were conducted on the population structure and biological cycle of psylla in a small, elderly, and unmaintained pear orchard in northern Romania. Of the two identified species (C. pyri L. and C. pyricola Forster), C. pyri dominated the psylla population with a percentage of 77.8-80.1%. Adults of both species emerge from hibernation in the first part of March and produce three generations per year. First-generation adults emerge in the first decade of June, the second generation in the last decade of July, and the third generation in the first decade of September as they enter the hibernation phase. Larvae of the first generation appear in the second half of April, the second generation at the end of June - the beginning of July, and the third generation in the second decade of August. There have been reports of up to 11 adults and 27 larvae per leaf, 9 larvae per petiole, and 14 larvae per fruit. The number of adults captured on yellow sticky traps exposed on the southern side of the tree crown was significantly higher compared to the northern side. Following the intense attack, the well-known cv. ‘Williams’ was heavily affected, pear trees were badly defoliated, blackened, and aged prematurely. The climatic conditions of the two years did not influence the phenology of the pests, but the importance of monitoring psyllids is widely argued, considering that it remains the key to integrated protection programs in pear orchards.

The box tree moth was accidentally introduced in Central Europe and recently was detected and identified in Romaniaas a serious pest, naturally spreading on the continent. The larva feeds on the box tree leaves and in case of food shortage they consume the bark, causing serious damage and even death to the attacked plant. Chemical control represents a stand alone method against Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) because biological control techniques available in Europe are in developmental stage. The research aim was to identify a sort of active ingredients that control this invasive pest. The following active ingredients were tested: thiacloprid, methoxyfenozide, lambda-cyhalothrin, spinosad, milbemectin, chlorantraniliprole, acetamiprid, abamectin, diflubenzuron, thiametoxam, dimethoate, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and binary combination of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin, chlorantraniliprole and abamectin. Methoxyfenozide, spinosad, chlorantraniliprole caused 100% larval mortality, fallowed by the combination of chlorantraniliprole+abamectin, and chlorpyrifos+ cypermethrin which gives identical results.

In Europe, the box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) was first reported in 2006, in southwestern Germany, then spread to almost all countries. Larvae of this species affect the aesthetic value of the box tree. In the last period, numerous studies were carried out regarding the identification of useful entomofauna that reduce the numerical density of the population of Cydalima perspectalis. In this study conducted in north-western Romania (Cluj County, in 2019), entomopathogens and useful entomofauna were monitored in four areas, represented by four cities. The entomopathogenic agents contaminated the larvae of the box tree moth in a proportion of 5.6% at Gherla, 6.8% at Dej, 8.7% at Cluj-Napoca and 15.3% at Ciucea. Most larvae have been infected with Bacillus. At Cluj-Napoca and Ciucea, the presence of the larval endoparasite Exorista larvarum L. (Diptera: Tachinidae) was reported. Parasitoid species determined a parasitization rate of 5.1% at Dej, 8.6% at Gherla and 13.4% at Cluj-Napoca. Predators affected pupae in a proportion of 3.8% at Gherla, 4.2% at Dej and 16% at Cluj-Napoca. Among the pupae predators, for the first-time common earwig was reported, Forficula auricularia L. Entomopathogenic agents affected 5.3% of the pupae collected from Cluj-Napoca, 7.7% in Gherla and 12.5% in Dej. During the monitoring period of the zoophagous entomofauna and the entomopathogenic microorganisms, affected the pupae in a percentage of 20.1% in Gherla, 21.8% in Dej, 34.7% in Cluj-Napoca, contributing to the diminution of the population of the harmful species.

In the autumn rapeseed crop, one of the great damage is caused by the rape beetle, Meligethes (Brassicogethes) aeneus F. The widespread use of the chemical method of control has led to the emergence of resistance to some insects. This paper presents the results obtained regarding the possibility of using semi-chemical products in monitoring this species and possibly in control it. During the three experimental years, the attractiveness of three substances was verified: allyl isothiocyanate, nonane and 2-phenyl-ethyl isothiocyanate. With these substances were formulated three types of dispensers that were placed on two types of traps: sticky yellow panels and white Delta type traps. All variants with dispensers made a higher number of catches compared to the control, the differences being statistically assured. In the period 2016-2018, out of the total catches, the control variant achieved 11.3%; dispenser 1 (allyl isothiocyanate + nonane) achieved 23.6%; dispenser 2 (2-phenyl-ethyl isothiocyanate + nonan) made 27.6%, and dispenser 3 (allyl isothiocyanate + 2-phenyl-ethyl isothiocyanate + nonan) made 37.5% of the total catches. The allyl isothiocyanate and 2-phenyl-ethyl isothiocyanate components used together have a synergistic effect so that between the catches made by dispenser 3 and dispenser 1 and dispenser 2, the differences are statistically assured.

During the emergence of winter rapeseed, the crop can be attacked by many species of pests, rapeseed fleas being the most important. This paper presents the results obtained in combating these pests as well as the participation of rapeseed flea species in the structure of the entomofauna collected using glued panels. The effectiveness of two control strategies over the period 2015-2018 was verified. By applying a single treatment with systemic insecticides, the degree of attack decreased compared to the untreated control in a proportion between 92.3% and 94.1%. The second variant was by applying the second treatment with a synthetic pyrethroid, at an interval of 14 days after the first treatment. In this variant, the degree of attack was reduced in a proportion between 95.2% and 97.2%. Every year and in every variant, Phyllotreta atra was the dominant species followed by Phyllotreta nemorum. The lowest catches were in Phyllotreta undulata and Psylliodes chrypocephala.

In landscaping, one of the frequently used plants is Buxus sempervirens L. The aesthetic value of these plants are often affected by the pests species that attack the leaves. The main species that attacks the Buxus spp. plants are: Monarthropalpus buxi Geoff., Psylla buxi L. and Cydalima perspectalis Walker. The attack of these species cause the drying of the plants.The Box Tree Moth, Cydalima perspectalis Walker., is a new species, on the European continent, being first recorded în 2006. In Romania, this species was reported in 2010, near Bucharest, from where it has been spread throughout the country. In Cluj has been reported in 2015. For establishing some control strategies, for this, it is necessary to know the bioecology of this species, depending on the specific environmental conditions of each area where the attack is present. In 2016 we have started the investigations to study the biological cycle, in Cluj area. The investigations were conducted in the laboratory and on the campus of UASVM Cluj-Napoca. In the investigated area, the species develops two full generations, and the third generation is partial. The adults of hibernating generation fly in the first decade of June until the first decade of July. Summer generation adults fly from the first decade of August, creating the second generation and the adults who establish the third generation (partial generation) fly in the second half of September. The incubation is between 5-6 days. Larval stage is between 29-38 days, pupal stage last from 10 to 14 days.

The jewel beetle Lamprodila festiva (Linné, 1767), in natural habitats of S Europe originally associated with Juniperus spp. (Juniper; Cupressaceae), has been recorded as a recent invasive pest in several European areas, affecting different genera of these coniferous trees and spreading rapidly during the last few years in many countries of Europe. The research was carried out in 2017-2018 in Cluj-Napoca area (Romania), in field and laboratory conditions. The aim of our studies was to identify and study some populations of this new invasive pest occurring in urban areas of NW Romania.

This paper deals with the influence of age and calibration study on uniformity of flowering and seed production of hybrids obtained in the main grown in Transylvania. The research was conducted in the experimental field of the Research Station during 2009-2010 Jucu and biological material studied was created at SDCA Turda, including hybrids in production and future, namely: TURDA 201, Turda 200 andT-165. The results obtained show that the uniformity of flowering and yields obtained are not influenced by age and size of seeds, plants and flowering deparece between emergence respectively productions, involved too many growth factors that evens out differences in force.

Research on quality for food baits for their use in drawing the flight curve of special Synanthedon Mynanthedon specie. Species Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkhausen show many bioecological features: biological cycle varies depending on geographic area, prolonged flight activity of adults, the prevalence of endophyte life of the total biological cycle, which raises difficulties in tracking individuals on the same sequence of stages of development, significant variability degree of development of larvae, growth impossible in the laboratory environment, synthetic and / or semi synthetic, the difficulty of observation and capture of adults by mechanical and physical means. Because of these difficulties worldwide species is relatively little known among the various authors and there are discrepancies relating to knowledge of their bioecology. For drawing the flight curve, in the province of Saragossa Spain have used food traps consist of diluted juice of apples or pears determination that adults are present from May until July, and maximum flight curve is reached in June (CABEZUELO-PERZ P. et al, 1972). In Germany, used to combat pests Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkhausen a juice prepared from 11 liters of vinegar, 11 liters of apple juice, 100 g sugar and 8 liters of water. This mixture was placed in containers tall, half-filled at the beginning of the flight (late May - early June). Equally effective is water and boiled with the juice of apples damaged (G Probst, 1988; M. BURKE et al, 1999).

Ephemeroptera group is unique in the world of insect wing, because they have two adult stages. The first, called subimago, is developed from the final larva stage. Drift phenomenon, found to larvae favor the popullation of new area. Larva of Ephemeroptera occupies an important place in the food chain, most of which are primary consumers. Larva and adults are also a consistently reservoir of nutrient for predators (fish, birds and spiders).Given their specific requirement of certain species Ephemeroptera bodies are excellent bio-indicators. SPECIFICATION By the article: STUDY OF EPHEMEROPTERA IN WARM SOMES GORGES, publiched in Agricultura – Ştiinţă şi practică, nr. 1-2 (69-701)/2009 Autori: Anca Dafina COVACI, Ion OLTEAN, Teodora FLORIAN Taking into consideration that the data included in this article do not respect the deontological rules of scientific research, we recommend that the present work should not be regarded as a genuine paper. The raw data from this article belong to the aquatic ecology team from the Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Biology and Geology (Associate Professor Laura Momeu, Ph.D.; Mirela Cîmpean, Ph.D.; Anca Avram, Ph.D. student and Teaching Assistant Karina Battes, Ph.D.), and they were used without permission by PhD student Anca Covaci. Drd. Anca Dafina COVACI

Research on the effectiveness of a range of insecticide in fighting against Synanthedon myopaeformis species (Borkhausen, 1789. Given the constraints of endophyte life of larvae Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkhausen species of the long presence of the adult habitat, the need to use products that are effective, but that does not pollute the environment and the harvest, a range of insecticides that to be tested was difficult. For these reasons it believes that chemical treatment is addressed to combat both adults present, as resulting from our observations, a long period in habitat and combating young larvae until they are still in the bark of trees. Also the choice of products was considered that the maximum flight curve of pests Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkhausen overlap with the second generation apple worm (Cydia pomonella) and the two generations of San José louse (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus). This latter is considered harmful in pomiculture mainly taken to the level and dose of application products used.