Search

Purpose: Adjuvant chemotherapy following resection is recommended by clinical practice guidelines for all patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy among the staging groups of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) for PDAC. Patients and Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis was performed by the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) (2004-2015) database and multi-institutional dataset (2010-2018). Baseline clinicopathologic characteristics of PDAC patients, including age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education level, county income level, county unemployed rate, insurance status, grade, stage, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, were collected. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The SEER and multi-institutional data were adjusted with 1:1 ratio propensity score matching (PSM). Results: In total, 6,274 and 1,361 PDAC patients were included from the SEER database and multi-institutional dataset, respectively. Regardless of the count of resected lymph nodes, adjuvant chemotherapy prolonged the long-term OS time for stage IB, IIA, IIB, and III patients in both SEER and multi-institutional cohorts. Nevertheless, adjuvant chemotherapy did not provide additional clinical benefits even after a PSM adjustment for stage IA patients in both SEER and multi-institutional cohorts. Conclusion: Adjuvant chemotherapy improved the long-term survival of stage IB, IIA, IIB, and III PDAC patients; however, it demonstrated no survival benefit in stage IA PDAC patients. Thus, adjuvant chemotherapy should not be recommended for stage IA PDAC patients. These would significantly reduce the economic burden of society and improve the life quality of stage IA PDAC patients.

A series of novel iron-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as denitrification sorbents were evaluated to capture NO from simulated flue gases. The application of Fe(II) EG-ChCl DESs demonstrated the efficiency of absorption performance with the complete removal of NO and zero secondary pollution. In this study, mixtures of Ferric chloride (FeCl2), Ethylene glycol (EG), and Choline chloride (ChCl) were prepared using Fe(II) EG-ChCl DESs. Experimental results showed that the best performance for denitrification was achieved when DES solutions were treated at 60 °C, the gas flow rate of 50 mL/min, 5% partial pressure of steam, and the concentration of Fe(II) was 0.1 mol/L. Furthermore, excellent stability for denitrification was observed for the Fe(II) EG-ChCl DESs during five absorption–desorption cycles. The absorption reaction of Fe(II) EG-ChCl DESs maintained a first-order reaction kinetics with a reaction rate constant of 1.1 × 106 (L/mol·s) for the denitrification reaction. The FT-IR result indicated that there was a chemical interaction between Fe2+ and NO, and Fe2+ was the absorptive active species.