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The study investigated the long run relationship between selected macroeconomic indicators and banking sector index in Pakistan. The selected macroeconomic indicators are Exports, Industrial Production, CPI, and KIBOR as short-term interest rate, Money Supply (M0), Nominal Exchange Rate between Pakistan and United States of America (USA), Oil Prices and the Interest rate on Pakistan Government bond ten years, as the long-term interest rate. Monthly time series was used from January 2009 to August 2015. The study applied Augmented Dickey-Fuller test to determine the stationarity levels for the selected macroeconomic indicators and banking sector index, Phillips-Perron test to validate the results of Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, a bound testing technique in ARDL model to investigate the long run relationship between selected macroeconomic variables and banking sector index. Results suggested the presence of a long-run relationship between macroeconomic variables exchange rate, inflation, oil price and banking sector index in Pakistan. Results of Granger causality test suggested unidirectional causality running from macroeconomic variables KIBOR and oil prices to banking sector index in Pakistan. Further, unidirectional causality was found running from banking sector index to government bond in Pakistan.

The study investigated The study examines the impact of selected macroeconomic variables (inflation, exchange rate, interest rate) on Karachi stock market returns. Mainly secondary data used in the research process. The study consists of data for the period of 10 years and 5 months starting from January 2007 till May 2017. For this purpose, monthly data of KSE-100 index has been observed for the period January 2007 to May 2017. The market returns have been calculated through the opening and closing index value of each month. The inflation, interest rate, and exchange rate has been taken as independent variables. Hypotheses have been tested to find out whether there exists a significant relationship between the Stock market return and macroeconomic variables or not. To test this hypothesis, Regression analysis used and results are calculated through Stata software.

To understand the changes of Paragonimus metacercaria infection rates of freshwater crabs in Paragonimus endemic areas and explore the causes in Yongjia County, Zhejiang Province, China.A field investigation was carried out. The freshwater crabs were collected and the metacercaria were separated from the crabs. The infection rates, infectiosities and infection indexes were calculated and the results were vertically compared with the historical findings. The causes of the changes were discussed.Compared with those in 1980, the average infection rate in original endemic areas decreased from 59.71% to 21.50% (P0.05), while the infection density decreased from 1.09/g to 0.23/g (P0.05). The infection index decreased obviously. In Hesheng Village, it decreased from 4.05 to 0.01 (P0.01), in Wuchi Village, it was from 37.90 to 2.91 (P0.01), and in Daruoyan Scinic area,it was from 5.85 to 0.03 (P0.01). Two endemic areas disappeared but two new endemic areas (Sihai Village and Sunshan Village) were found, and in Sunshan Village, the metacercaria infection rate was 100%, the infection density and infection index were 21.30/g and 3 402.68 respectively, which meant it was a super high endemic focus.The Paragonimus metacercaria infection rate in crabs is lower than before in Yongjia County, but some super high epidemic focus of paragonimiasis still exists. Therefore, we still should strengthen the control measures.