Search

Background: Although CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with endocrine therapies have improved outcomes in HR+ HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, predictive biomarkers for treatment response and adverse effects remain limited. This study assessed the prognostic and predictive value of large unstained cells (LUC), a subset of white blood cells that may reflect immune status or treatment response. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 210 patients with HR+ HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer treated with CDK 4/6 inhibitors between 2021 and 2024 was conducted. Clinical data, including demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment regimens, were analyzed. Based on LUC levels, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events were evaluated. Results: The cohort had a median age of 57, of which 78% were postmenopausal. Common metastatic sites included bone (67%) and liver (24%). At a median follow-up of 18.5 months, the PFS and OS rates were 65% and 83%. Patients with low LUC levels had significantly shorter PFS (OR: 1.91; p = 0.014) and OS (OR: 2.39; p = 0.012), while high LUC levels correlated with a lower incidence of grade 3 neutropenia (OR: 0.49; p = 0.017). Liver metastasis and prior treatments were also linked to shorter survival. Conclusions: LUC levels emerge as a promising biomarker for predicting survival outcomes and the risk of neutropenia in HR+ HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer patients treated with CDK 4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy, showing their potential to guide personalized treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and variable immune dysfunction. Among three distinct types of GS, occurring due to different genetic mutations; GS type 1 presents with neurological manifestations, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) generally develops in GS type 2, and GS type 3 primarily exhibits oculocutaneous albinism. HLH, a life-threatening condition with excessive immune activation, may occur secondary to various triggers, including infections, and develop in different tissues, as well as in the testis, similar to Erdheim-Chester disease. Case. After referral at 19 days of age with restlessness, left testicular swelling, and erythema, an infant was diagnosed with bilateral hydrocele with left testicular torsion by testicular ultrasound, leading to a left orchiectomy. Pathology showed testicle and spermatic cord hemorrhagic necrosis. A week later, the infant presented with right testicular swelling and hepatosplenomegaly. He had silvery gray hair. We administered broad-spectrum antibiotics for increased acute phase reactants. Viral panels, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, were negative. Laboratory findings indicated cholestasis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Bone marrow aspiration revealed hemophagocytosis and increased histiocytes. Microscopic hair examination supported the diagnosis of GS. Sanger sequencing revealed the homozygous mutation c.217T>G (p.W73G) in RAB27A. Conclusion. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of HLH are crucial to prevent progression to multi-organ failure and death. This case highlights the diverse tissue involvement and diagnostic challenges in Griscelli syndrome type 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Screening for lung cancer has been seeing new developments, with a focus on emerging technologies and the integration of artificial intelligence. While low-dose computed tomography shows promise in reducing mortality rates, challenges, especially regarding screening guidelines and radiation exposure, have been known for a long time. Additionally, discrepancies in screening methods across countries have been challenging the necessity of standardized protocols and cost-effective approaches. Liquid biopsy, particularly circulating tumor DNA analysis, presents a promising noninvasive method for early lung cancer detection and monitoring. Recent studies highlight its potential in detecting genetic mutations, predicting treatment responses, and monitoring minimal residual disease. However, standardization and clinical validation are crucial for widespread adoption. Integration of artificial intelligence into lung cancer screening holds significant promise for enhancing accuracy and workflow efficiency, reducing the burden on radiologists. Successful implementation necessitates validation, regulatory approval, and ethical considerations. Collaborative efforts among clinicians, data scientists, engineers, and policymakers are crucial for translating research into practice, ultimately maximizing the impact of artificial intelligence on patient outcomes. Continued research, validation, and collaboration are imperative for realizing the full potential of these advancements and addressing challenges in clinical implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]